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class="cdc-crumb__item current">面试真题：Integer（128）引发的思考</span></div></div><div class="mod-article-content"><div class="mod-header"><div class="mod-header__top"><div class="mod-header__title"><h1 class="title-text">面试真题：Integer（128）引发的思考</h1><span class="title-tag">原创</span></div></div><div class="mod-article-source header"><div class="mod-article-source__main"><div class="mod-article-source__avatar"><img src="https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/10011/32d13fd8aae684f33b8b8f8bbc65fdca.jpg" alt="作者头像"/></div><div class="mod-article-source__detail"><div class="mod-article-source__name"><span>不惑</span><div class="cdc-emblems__item"></div></div></div><button class="cdc-btn mod-article-source__operate cdc-btn--primary"><span><i></i>关注</span></button></div></div><div class="mod-header__bottom"><div class="mod-header__detail"><div class="mod-header__date"><span class="date-text">发布于 2024-11-26 09:21:07</span></div><div class="mod-header__date is-mobile"><span class="date-text">发布于 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class="mod-content"><div class="mod-content__markdown"><div><div class="rno-markdown new-version rno-theme-orange"><figure class="theme-block"></figure><p>Hey小伙伴们，今天要给大家安利一篇操作实践的文章，相信大家通过仔细阅读，一定会有所收货！</p><p>🔗【文章链接】：<a style="color:#0052D9" class="" href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2470413?from_column=20421&from=20421" target="_blank">『前端必修课』按钮边框的旋转动画</a></p><p>💖 推荐理由：这篇文章是由 <a style="color:#0052D9" class="" href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/user/7271764?from_column=20421&from=20421" target="_blank">BNTang </a>撰写的，这篇文章教读者如何使用 CSS 实现旋转按钮边框效果。知识点包括使用 <code>:before</code> 和 <code>:after</code> 元素简化 HTML 结构，结合 <code>transform</code> 创建动画效果，通过 <code>transform-origin</code> 精确控制旋转中心。通过这些方法，够掌握动态效果的实现，提升前端动画设计能力，应用于更复杂的视觉效果中。</p><h2 id="c7fj" name="%E5%BC%95%E8%A8%80">引言</h2><p>在 Java 编程语言中，数据类型的使用至关重要。作为一种静态类型语言，Java 提供了丰富的基本数据类型和对应的包装类。其中，<code>Integer</code> 类是 <code>int</code> 类型的包装类，承载着更复杂的功能，如缓存、装箱和拆箱等。掌握 <code>Integer</code> 类的工作原理，尤其是其装箱和拆箱机制，不仅可以提升程序性能，还能在面试中展示出对 Java 深厚的理解。</p><p>本文将深入探讨 <code>Integer</code> 类的特性、装箱和拆箱的性能影响、常见的面试问题以及在不同版本中的变化，力求为读者提供全面的知识体系。</p><figure class=""><div class="rno-markdown-img-url" style="text-align:center"><div class="rno-markdown-img-url-inner" style="width:100%"><div style="width:100%"><img src="https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/d8aa98a8ca8ea0dc6c63a7a66b09e4c0.png" style="width:100%"/></div></div></div></figure><h2 id="7hadk" name="Integer-%E7%B1%BB%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0">Integer 类概述</h2><p>Integer 类是 Java 中最常用的包装类之一，提供的一个用于表示整数的类。它实现了 Comparable 接口，允许 Integer 对象进行排序。Integer 类还提供了一些常用的方法，如转换、比较和常量定义。</p><ul class="ul-level-0"><li><strong>范围</strong>：Integer 类型的有效范围为 -2,147,483,648 到 2,147,483,647。</li><li><strong>不可变性</strong>：Integer 对象一旦创建，其值不能更改。</li><li><strong>常用方法</strong>：</li><li><code>compareTo()</code>: 比较两个 <code>Integer</code> 对象的大小。</li><li><code>valueOf()</code>: 返回 <code>int</code> 的 <code>Integer</code> 对象，使用缓存机制。</li><li><code>parseInt()</code>: 将字符串转换为 <code>int</code> 类型。</li></ul><p>Java 提供了自动装箱和拆箱的功能，使得基本类型与其对应的对象类型之间的转换变得更加简单和直观。</p><h3 id="5mrlj" name="%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%8B%86%E7%AE%B1">装箱与拆箱</h3><ul class="ul-level-0"><li><strong>装箱</strong>（Boxing）：将基本数据类型转换为其对应的对象类型。自动装箱使得开发者无需显式地创建 <code>Integer</code> 对象。</li></ul><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">Integer boxed = 10; // 自动装箱</code></pre></div></div><ul class="ul-level-0"><li><strong>拆箱</strong>（Unboxing）：将对象类型转换为基本数据类型。拆箱在使用 <code>Integer</code> 对象时会自动发生。</li></ul><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">int primitive = boxed; // 拆箱</code></pre></div></div><p>这两个过程虽然提供了便利，但也伴随着性能开销。</p><h2 id="fan9q" name="%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%8B%86%E7%AE%B1%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D">装箱与拆箱的性能影响</h2><h3 id="7cje2" name="%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E5%BC%80%E9%94%80%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90">性能开销分析</h3><h4 id="flbv0" name="%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E9%94%80">装箱的开销</h4><p>装箱涉及到内存分配和对象初始化。在频繁的操作中，例如在循环内进行装箱，可能会显著影响性能。在这个例子中，Integer.valueOf(i) 会尝试返回缓存中的对象，但对于大于 127 的值，依然会创建新对象，导致额外的性能开销。</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { Integer boxed = Integer.valueOf(i); // 每次都会创建新对象 }</code></pre></div></div><h4 id="2i3u2" name="%E6%8B%86%E7%AE%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E9%94%80">拆箱的开销</h4><p>拆箱虽然相对开销小，但在大规模数据处理时，多个拆箱操作可能会导致性能问题。在这种情况下，虽然代码简洁，但会产生大量的拆箱操作。</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { list.add(i); // 自动装箱 } for (Integer boxed : list) { int primitive = boxed; // 拆箱，转换为基本类型 }</code></pre></div></div><h3 id="dsi5o" name="%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5">性能优化策略</h3><p>为了提高性能，可以采取以下措施：</p><ul class="ul-level-0"><li><strong>使用基本类型</strong>：在性能要求高的场景下，尽量使用基本类型而非包装类。</li><li><strong>使用数组</strong>：使用基本类型数组而非 <code>List<Integer></code>，可以避免装箱和拆箱带来的开销。</li><li><strong>合理使用集合</strong>：在处理大量数据时，可以考虑使用 IntStream 等流式操作，减少装箱和拆箱的频率。</li></ul><p>根据实际情况进行性能测试，比较使用基本类型和包装类的性能。例如，在处理大量数据时，使用 <code>int[]</code> 数组比使用 <code>ArrayList<Integer></code> 更高效。</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">long startTime = System.nanoTime(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { Integer boxed = Integer.valueOf(i); // 装箱 } long endTime = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println("Boxing time: " + (endTime - startTime) + " ns"); startTime = System.nanoTime(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { int primitive = i; // 直接使用基本类型 } endTime = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println("Primitive time: " + (endTime - startTime) + " ns");</code></pre></div></div><figure class=""><div class="rno-markdown-img-url" style="text-align:center"><div class="rno-markdown-img-url-inner" style="width:100%"><div style="width:100%"><img src="https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/a7330b259e362e8aa06c4e9061643047.png" style="width:100%"/></div></div></div></figure><h2 id="7bls3" name="%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98">常见面试问题</h2><h4 id="99avp" name="%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%A4%BA%E4%BE%8B">面试问题示例</h4><p><strong>装箱和拆箱的性能开销是什么？</strong></p><p><strong>答案</strong>：装箱和拆箱会产生内存分配和对象创建的开销。在进行装箱时，Java 需要为每个基本类型创建一个新的对象，这可能会导致频繁的内存分配和垃圾回收。在高频率的操作中，特别是在循环中，这种开销会显著影响性能，导致应用程序的响应变慢。</p><p><strong>在 Java 中，如何优化装箱和拆箱的性能？</strong></p><p><strong>答案</strong>：在性能关键的代码中，应优先使用基本类型而非包装类。例如，使用 <code>int</code> 而不是 <code>Integer</code>。在使用集合时，可以考虑使用原始类型数组（如 <code>int[]</code>）或其他高效的数据结构，避免不必要的装箱和拆箱操作。此外，如果必须使用集合，选择合适的容器类型，尽量减少装箱的发生。</p><p><strong>什么情况下会使用装箱和拆箱？</strong></p><p><strong>答案</strong>：装箱和拆箱通常在以下情况下使用：</p><ul class="ul-level-0"><li>当需要使用对象类型时，例如在集合（如 <code>ArrayList<Integer></code>）中存储元素，Java 会自动进行装箱。</li><li>在使用泛型类型时，基本类型无法直接用于泛型，Java 需要进行装箱以创建对应的对象类型。</li><li>在 API 方法中，如果方法参数是对象类型，而实际传入的是基本类型，Java 会自动进行装箱。</li></ul><h2 id="fee47" name="%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6">缓存机制</h2><p>Java 中的 <code>Integer</code> 类实现了对象缓存机制。这意味着对于 -128 到 127 之间的整数值，Java 会在内存中缓存这些对象，确保同一个值的 <code>Integer</code> 对象是相同的引用。</p><h3 id="6f467" name="%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9--128-%E5%88%B0-127-%E7%9A%84%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4"><strong>为什么选择 -128 到 127 的范围</strong></h3><p>这个范围的选择是为了在常用的计算中优化内存使用。因为在许多情况下，小整数会被频繁使用，缓存可以显著提高性能，减少内存分配和垃圾回收的压力。</p><h3 id="5fndo" name="%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1">自动装箱和手动装箱</h3><p>当我们将 <code>int</code> 赋值给 <code>Integer</code> 对象时，Java 会自动进行装箱：</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">Integer a = 10; // 自动装箱</code></pre></div></div><p>而手动装箱则是使用 <code>Integer</code> 类的构造函数或静态方法：</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">Integer b = Integer.valueOf(10); // 手动装箱</code></pre></div></div><p>在性能上，自动装箱会增加一些开销，但在多数情况下可以忽略。</p><h3 id="8cur5" name="%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83-Integer-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F">比较 Integer 对象的方式</h3><p>比较 <code>Integer</code> 对象时，常见的错误在于使用 <code>==</code> 操作符。使用 <code>==</code> 时，比较的是对象的引用：</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">Integer x = 127; Integer y = 127; System.out.println(x == y); // true Integer z = 128; Integer w = 128; System.out.println(z == w); // false</code></pre></div></div><p>为了比较值，应始终使用 <code>equals()</code> 方法：</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">System.out.println(z.equals(w)); // true</code></pre></div></div><h3 id="7fqt1" name="%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90">源码分析</h3><p>在 <code>Integer</code> 类中，<code>Integer.valueOf()</code> 方法负责返回指定值的 <code>Integer</code> 对象。对于 -128 到 127 的值，它会返回缓存中的对象；对于其他值，则会新建对象。</p><h4 id="320hu" name="%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%89%87%E6%AE%B5%EF%BC%9A"><strong>关键源码片段</strong>：</h4><figure class=""><div class="rno-markdown-img-url" style="text-align:center"><div class="rno-markdown-img-url-inner" style="width:100%"><div style="width:100%"><img src="https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/9afe2ef0e09d344d65f921716ab753bc.png" style="width:100%"/></div></div></div></figure><p>大致意思：</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">public static Integer valueOf(int i) { if (i >= -128 && i <= 127) { return IntegerCache.cache[i + 128]; } return new Integer(i); }</code></pre></div></div><h4 id="6m9c9" name="IntegerCache-%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%EF%BC%9A"><strong><code>IntegerCache</code></strong> <strong>实现</strong>：</h4><figure class=""><div class="rno-markdown-img-url" style="text-align:center"><div class="rno-markdown-img-url-inner" style="width:100%"><div style="width:100%"><img src="https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/9d3187688b7f40146ccd73a43fa97eb7.png" style="width:100%"/></div></div></div></figure><p>大致意思：</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>java</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java" style="margin-left:0">static final class IntegerCache { static final Integer cache[] = new Integer[-(-128) + 127 + 1]; static { for (int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++) { cache[i] = new Integer(i - 128); } } }</code></pre></div></div><h2 id="5cb0k" name="%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8">面试场景中的应用</h2><p>在面试中，考官可能会询问有关 <code>Integer</code> 类的问题，例如：</p><blockquote><p><strong>“Java 中 <code>Integer</code> 的缓存机制是如何工作的？”</strong></p></blockquote><p>在 Java 中，Integer 类的缓存机制是通过静态内部类 IntegerCache 实现的。Java 会缓存范围在 -128 到 127 之间的 Integer 对象，这意味着在这个范围内，任何相同的整数值都会引用相同的 Integer 对象。这个机制的目的是为了优化性能，减少对象的创建和内存的使用。</p><p>当你使用 Integer.valueOf(int i) 方法时，如果 i 在缓存范围内，方法会直接返回缓存的对象；如果不在范围内，则会创建新的 Integer 对象。这种设计确保了对于常用的小整数的高效处理，避免了不必要的内存分配。</p><blockquote><p><strong>“在 Java 中，使用 <code>==</code> 和 <code>equals()</code> 的区别是什么？”</strong></p></blockquote><p>在 Java 中，== 操作符用于比较两个对象的引用，即它们是否指向同一个内存地址。而 equals() 方法用于比较两个对象的实际内容（值）。</p><p>对于 Integer 类型：</p><ul class="ul-level-0"><li>当你使用 == 比较两个 Integer 对象时，如果它们在缓存范围内（-128 到 127），将返回 true，因为它们引用相同的对象；如果超出范围，可能会返回 false，因为它们是不同的对象。</li><li>使用 equals() 方法始终比较两个对象的值，因此即使两个 Integer 对象是不同的实例，只要它们的值相同，equals() 方法都会返回 true。</li></ul><h2 id="chdtj" name="%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93">总结</h2><p>在深入探讨 Java 中 <code>Integer</code> 类的特性、装箱与拆箱的性能影响以及相关的最佳实践后，我们可以清晰地认识到，合理使用基本数据类型和包装类对性能优化至关重要。了解 <code>Integer</code> 的缓存机制和比较方式，使我们能够在开发中避免潜在的错误和性能瓶颈。</p><p>对于面试者来说，掌握这些概念不仅能帮助回答相关问题，更能展示对 Java 语言的深入理解。在实际开发中，灵活应用这些知识将显著提升代码的效率和可维护性。</p><p>随着 Java 语言的不断演进，理解这些基本概念将为未来的技术挑战打下坚实基础。希望本文能够为大家提供有价值的见解，帮助在日常编程和职业发展中取得成功。</p></div></div></div><div class="mod-statement"><div class="mod-content__statement"><p>原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。</p><p>如有侵权，请联系 <a href="mailto:cloudcommunity@tencent.com">cloudcommunity@tencent.com</a> 删除。</p></div></div><div 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id="menu-7hadk">Integer 类概述</span><ul class="cdc-directory__list level-2"><li class="cdc-directory__item"><span class="cdc-directory__target" id="menu-5mrlj">装箱与拆箱</span><ul class="cdc-directory__list level-3"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="cdc-directory__item"><span class="cdc-directory__target" id="menu-fan9q">装箱与拆箱的性能影响</span><ul class="cdc-directory__list level-2"><li class="cdc-directory__item"><span class="cdc-directory__target" id="menu-7cje2">性能开销分析</span><ul class="cdc-directory__list level-3"><li class="cdc-directory__item"><span class="cdc-directory__target" id="menu-7cje2">装箱的开销</span></li><li class="cdc-directory__item"><span class="cdc-directory__target" id="menu-7cje2">拆箱的开销</span></li></ul></li><li class="cdc-directory__item"><span class="cdc-directory__target" id="menu-dsi5o">性能优化策略</span><ul class="cdc-directory__list level-3"><li class="cdc-directory__item"><span class="cdc-directory__target" id="menu-dsi5o">面试问题示例</span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li 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type="application/json">{"props":{"isMobile":false,"isSupportWebp":false,"currentDomain":"cloud.tencent.com","baseUrl":"https://cloud.tencent.com","reqId":"NJoiE2wksNiASnBpxZAc4","query":{"policyId":"20240000","traceId":"","articleId":"2471045"},"platform":"other","env":"production","__N_SSP":true,"pageProps":{"fallback":{"#url:\"/api/article/detail\",params:#articleId:2471045,,":{"articleData":{"articleId":2471045,"codeLineNum":50,"readingTime":726,"wordsNum":3327},"articleInfo":{"articleId":2471045,"channel":0,"commentNum":0,"content":{"blocks":[{"key":"6l3cs","text":"","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"theme":"theme-orange"}},{"key":"88u34","text":"Hey小伙伴们，今天要给大家安利一篇操作实践的文章，相信大家通过仔细阅读，一定会有所收货！","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"1jq58","text":"🔗【文章链接】：『前端必修课』按钮边框的旋转动画","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":8,"length":16,"key":0}],"data":{}},{"key":"6ghg7","text":"💖 推荐理由：这篇文章是由 BNTang 撰写的，这篇文章教读者如何使用 CSS 实现旋转按钮边框效果。知识点包括使用 :before 和 :after 元素简化 HTML 结构，结合 transform 创建动画效果，通过 transform-origin 精确控制旋转中心。通过这些方法，够掌握动态效果的实现，提升前端动画设计能力，应用于更复杂的视觉效果中。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":60,"length":7,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":70,"length":6,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":93,"length":9,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":113,"length":16,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[{"offset":14,"length":7,"key":1}],"data":{}},{"key":"c7fj","text":"引言","type":"header-one","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E5%BC%95%E8%A8%80"}},{"key":"2sq2s","text":"在 Java 编程语言中，数据类型的使用至关重要。作为一种静态类型语言，Java 提供了丰富的基本数据类型和对应的包装类。其中，Integer 类是 int 类型的包装类，承载着更复杂的功能，如缓存、装箱和拆箱等。掌握 Integer 类的工作原理，尤其是其装箱和拆箱机制，不仅可以提升程序性能，还能在面试中展示出对 Java 深厚的理解。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":64,"length":7,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":75,"length":3,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":110,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"5ca1u","text":"本文将深入探讨 Integer 类的特性、装箱和拆箱的性能影响、常见的面试问题以及在不同版本中的变化，力求为读者提供全面的知识体系。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":8,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"dv56d","text":"图片","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"key":2}],"data":{}},{"key":"7hadk","text":"Integer 类概述","type":"header-one","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"Integer-%E7%B1%BB%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"}},{"key":"5h7nc","text":"Integer 类是 Java 中最常用的包装类之一，提供的一个用于表示整数的类。它实现了 Comparable 接口，允许 Integer 对象进行排序。Integer 类还提供了一些常用的方法，如转换、比较和常量定义。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"b5vl5","text":"范围：Integer 类型的有效范围为 -2,147,483,648 到 2,147,483,647。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"tmm2","text":"不可变性：Integer 对象一旦创建，其值不能更改。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4mg2k","text":"常用方法：","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"5j0fm","text":"compareTo(): 比较两个 Integer 对象的大小。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":11,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":18,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"59uga","text":"valueOf(): 返回 int 的 Integer 对象，使用缓存机制。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":9,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":14,"length":3,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":20,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"comj9","text":"parseInt(): 将字符串转换为 int 类型。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":10,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":20,"length":3,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8e55t","text":"Java 提供了自动装箱和拆箱的功能，使得基本类型与其对应的对象类型之间的转换变得更加简单和直观。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"5mrlj","text":"装箱与拆箱","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%8B%86%E7%AE%B1"}},{"key":"9rn3a","text":"装箱（Boxing）：将基本数据类型转换为其对应的对象类型。自动装箱使得开发者无需显式地创建 Integer 对象。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":47,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"3bj3b","text":"Integer boxed = 10; // 自动装箱","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"6hs0f","text":"拆箱（Unboxing）：将对象类型转换为基本数据类型。拆箱在使用 Integer 对象时会自动发生。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":34,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"tafo","text":"int primitive = boxed; // 拆箱","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"cakmh","text":"这两个过程虽然提供了便利，但也伴随着性能开销。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"fan9q","text":"装箱与拆箱的性能影响","type":"header-one","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%8B%86%E7%AE%B1%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D"}},{"key":"7cje2","text":"性能开销分析","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E5%BC%80%E9%94%80%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"}},{"key":"flbv0","text":"装箱的开销","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E9%94%80"}},{"key":"dna42","text":"装箱涉及到内存分配和对象初始化。在频繁的操作中，例如在循环内进行装箱，可能会显著影响性能。在这个例子中，Integer.valueOf(i) 会尝试返回缓存中的对象，但对于大于 127 的值，依然会创建新对象，导致额外的性能开销。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"9o1vn","text":"for (int i = 0; i \u003c 1000000; i++) {\n Integer boxed = Integer.valueOf(i); // 每次都会创建新对象\n}","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"2i3u2","text":"拆箱的开销","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E6%8B%86%E7%AE%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E9%94%80"}},{"key":"c7iuc","text":"拆箱虽然相对开销小，但在大规模数据处理时，多个拆箱操作可能会导致性能问题。在这种情况下，虽然代码简洁，但会产生大量的拆箱操作。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4lmpd","text":"List\u003cInteger\u003e list = new ArrayList\u003c\u003e();\nfor (int i = 0; i \u003c 1000000; i++) {\n list.add(i); // 自动装箱\n}\n\nfor (Integer boxed : list) {\n int primitive = boxed; // 拆箱，转换为基本类型\n}","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"dsi5o","text":"性能优化策略","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5"}},{"key":"1b0j7","text":"为了提高性能，可以采取以下措施：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8rvs0","text":"使用基本类型：在性能要求高的场景下，尽量使用基本类型而非包装类。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":6,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"o9bt","text":"使用数组：使用基本类型数组而非 List\u003cInteger\u003e，可以避免装箱和拆箱带来的开销。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":4,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":16,"length":13,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"9km7c","text":"合理使用集合：在处理大量数据时，可以考虑使用 IntStream 等流式操作，减少装箱和拆箱的频率。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":6,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"lrf","text":"根据实际情况进行性能测试，比较使用基本类型和包装类的性能。例如，在处理大量数据时，使用 int[] 数组比使用 ArrayList\u003cInteger\u003e 更高效。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":44,"length":5,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":56,"length":18,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4oga1","text":"long startTime = System.nanoTime();\nfor (int i = 0; i \u003c 1000000; i++) {\n Integer boxed = Integer.valueOf(i); // 装箱\n}\nlong endTime = System.nanoTime();\nSystem.out.println(\"Boxing time: \" + (endTime - startTime) + \" ns\");\n\nstartTime = System.nanoTime();\nfor (int i = 0; i \u003c 1000000; i++) {\n int primitive = i; // 直接使用基本类型\n}\nendTime = System.nanoTime();\nSystem.out.println(\"Primitive time: \" + (endTime - startTime) + \" ns\");","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"6p2dm","text":"图片","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"key":3}],"data":{}},{"key":"7bls3","text":"常见面试问题","type":"header-one","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"}},{"key":"99avp","text":"面试问题示例","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%A4%BA%E4%BE%8B"}},{"key":"bpmtm","text":"装箱和拆箱的性能开销是什么？","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":14,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"do5gb","text":"答案：装箱和拆箱会产生内存分配和对象创建的开销。在进行装箱时，Java 需要为每个基本类型创建一个新的对象，这可能会导致频繁的内存分配和垃圾回收。在高频率的操作中，特别是在循环中，这种开销会显著影响性能，导致应用程序的响应变慢。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"di10","text":"在 Java 中，如何优化装箱和拆箱的性能？","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":22,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"53evd","text":"答案：在性能关键的代码中，应优先使用基本类型而非包装类。例如，使用 int 而不是 Integer。在使用集合时，可以考虑使用原始类型数组（如 int[]）或其他高效的数据结构，避免不必要的装箱和拆箱操作。此外，如果必须使用集合，选择合适的容器类型，尽量减少装箱的发生。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":34,"length":3,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":42,"length":7,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":72,"length":5,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"1uoo0","text":"什么情况下会使用装箱和拆箱？","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":14,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4cp0s","text":"答案：装箱和拆箱通常在以下情况下使用：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"59vl1","text":"当需要使用对象类型时，例如在集合（如 ArrayList\u003cInteger\u003e）中存储元素，Java 会自动进行装箱。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":19,"length":18,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"a84pr","text":"在使用泛型类型时，基本类型无法直接用于泛型，Java 需要进行装箱以创建对应的对象类型。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"3rijj","text":"在 API 方法中，如果方法参数是对象类型，而实际传入的是基本类型，Java 会自动进行装箱。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"fee47","text":"缓存机制","type":"header-one","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6"}},{"key":"2eqi5","text":"Java 中的 Integer 类实现了对象缓存机制。这意味着对于 -128 到 127 之间的整数值，Java 会在内存中缓存这些对象，确保同一个值的 Integer 对象是相同的引用。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":8,"length":7,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":77,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6f467","text":"为什么选择 -128 到 127 的范围","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":20,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9--128-%E5%88%B0-127-%E7%9A%84%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4"}},{"key":"2hn4o","text":"这个范围的选择是为了在常用的计算中优化内存使用。因为在许多情况下，小整数会被频繁使用，缓存可以显著提高性能，减少内存分配和垃圾回收的压力。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"5fndo","text":"自动装箱和手动装箱","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1"}},{"key":"as16f","text":"当我们将 int 赋值给 Integer 对象时，Java 会自动进行装箱：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":5,"length":3,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":13,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"5c1kn","text":"Integer a = 10; // 自动装箱","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"b6h60","text":"而手动装箱则是使用 Integer 类的构造函数或静态方法：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":10,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"ekokk","text":"Integer b = Integer.valueOf(10); // 手动装箱","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"bfu7n","text":"在性能上，自动装箱会增加一些开销，但在多数情况下可以忽略。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8cur5","text":"比较 Integer 对象的方式","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83-Integer-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"}},{"key":"durj3","text":"比较 Integer 对象时，常见的错误在于使用 == 操作符。使用 == 时，比较的是对象的引用：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":3,"length":7,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":25,"length":2,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":35,"length":2,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"80ei","text":"Integer x = 127;\nInteger y = 127;\nSystem.out.println(x == y); // true\n\nInteger z = 128;\nInteger w = 128;\nSystem.out.println(z == w); // false","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"2d123","text":"为了比较值，应始终使用 equals() 方法：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":12,"length":8,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"eglld","text":"System.out.println(z.equals(w)); // true","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"7fqt1","text":"源码分析","type":"header-two","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"}},{"key":"661hr","text":"在 Integer 类中，Integer.valueOf() 方法负责返回指定值的 Integer 对象。对于 -128 到 127 的值，它会返回缓存中的对象；对于其他值，则会新建对象。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":2,"length":7,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":13,"length":17,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":42,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"320hu","text":"关键源码片段：","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":6,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%89%87%E6%AE%B5%EF%BC%9A"}},{"key":"4tf0i","text":"图片","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"key":4}],"data":{}},{"key":"5ff1e","text":"大致意思：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"afrm9","text":"public static Integer valueOf(int i) {\n if (i \u003e= -128 \u0026\u0026 i \u003c= 127) {\n return IntegerCache.cache[i + 128];\n }\n return new Integer(i);\n}","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"6m9c9","text":"IntegerCache 实现：","type":"header-three","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":12,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":13,"length":2,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":0,"length":12,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"IntegerCache-%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%EF%BC%9A"}},{"key":"birl","text":"图片","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":2,"key":5}],"data":{}},{"key":"5us4k","text":"大致意思：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"2k49s","text":"static final class IntegerCache {\n static final Integer cache[] = new Integer[-(-128) + 127 + 1];\n static {\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c cache.length; i++) {\n cache[i] = new Integer(i - 128);\n }\n }\n}","type":"code-block","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"syntax":"java"}},{"key":"5cb0k","text":"面试场景中的应用","type":"header-one","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"}},{"key":"eb4i9","text":"在面试中，考官可能会询问有关 Integer 类的问题，例如：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":15,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"er87g","text":"“Java 中 Integer 的缓存机制是如何工作的？”","type":"blockquote","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":29,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":8,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"26bpc","text":"在 Java 中，Integer 类的缓存机制是通过静态内部类 IntegerCache 实现的。Java 会缓存范围在 -128 到 127 之间的 Integer 对象，这意味着在这个范围内，任何相同的整数值都会引用相同的 Integer 对象。这个机制的目的是为了优化性能，减少对象的创建和内存的使用。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"75slt","text":"当你使用 Integer.valueOf(int i) 方法时，如果 i 在缓存范围内，方法会直接返回缓存的对象；如果不在范围内，则会创建新的 Integer 对象。这种设计确保了对于常用的小整数的高效处理，避免了不必要的内存分配。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"afqr3","text":"“在 Java 中，使用 == 和 equals() 的区别是什么？”","type":"blockquote","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":35,"style":"BOLD"},{"offset":13,"length":2,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":18,"length":8,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"1nst3","text":"在 Java 中，== 操作符用于比较两个对象的引用，即它们是否指向同一个内存地址。而 equals() 方法用于比较两个对象的实际内容（值）。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"2t9ht","text":"对于 Integer 类型：","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4offq","text":"当你使用 == 比较两个 Integer 对象时，如果它们在缓存范围内（-128 到 127），将返回 true，因为它们引用相同的对象；如果超出范围，可能会返回 false，因为它们是不同的对象。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"3bka4","text":"使用 equals() 方法始终比较两个对象的值，因此即使两个 Integer 对象是不同的实例，只要它们的值相同，equals() 方法都会返回 true。","type":"unordered-list-item","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"chdtj","text":"总结","type":"header-one","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{"text":"%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"}},{"key":"883pj","text":"在深入探讨 Java 中 Integer 类的特性、装箱与拆箱的性能影响以及相关的最佳实践后，我们可以清晰地认识到，合理使用基本数据类型和包装类对性能优化至关重要。了解 Integer 的缓存机制和比较方式，使我们能够在开发中避免潜在的错误和性能瓶颈。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":13,"length":7,"style":"CODE"},{"offset":85,"length":7,"style":"CODE"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"e3tur","text":"对于面试者来说，掌握这些概念不仅能帮助回答相关问题，更能展示对 Java 语言的深入理解。在实际开发中，灵活应用这些知识将显著提升代码的效率和可维护性。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"95kt8","text":"随着 Java 语言的不断演进，理解这些基本概念将为未来的技术挑战打下坚实基础。希望本文能够为大家提供有价值的见解，帮助在日常编程和职业发展中取得成功。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}}],"entityMap":{"0":{"type":"LINK","mutability":"MUTABLE","data":{"url":"https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2470413"}},"1":{"type":"LINK","mutability":"MUTABLE","data":{"url":"https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/user/7271764"}},"2":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"placeHolderUrl":null,"error":null,"dpi":0,"imageUrl":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/d8aa98a8ca8ea0dc6c63a7a66b09e4c0.png","blockWidth":700,"blockHeight":400}},"3":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"placeHolderUrl":null,"error":null,"dpi":0,"imageUrl":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/a7330b259e362e8aa06c4e9061643047.png","blockWidth":766,"blockHeight":350}},"4":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"name":null,"imageUrl":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/9afe2ef0e09d344d65f921716ab753bc.png","blockWidth":766,"blockHeight":518}},"5":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"name":null,"blockWidth":766,"blockHeight":407,"imageUrl":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/9d3187688b7f40146ccd73a43fa97eb7.png"}}}},"createTime":1732584067,"ext":{"closeTextLink":0,"comment_ban":0,"description":"","focusRead":0},"favNum":0,"isOriginal":0,"likeNum":4,"pic":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-5421023/b10c377301ee7135fa90c79240dcf545.png","plain":"Hey小伙伴们，今天要给大家安利一篇操作实践的文章，相信大家通过仔细阅读，一定会有所收货！🔗【文章链接】：『前端必修课』按钮边框的旋转动画💖 推荐理由：这篇文章是由 BNTang 撰写的，这篇文章教读者如何使用 CSS 实现旋转按钮边框效果。知识点包括使用 :before 和 :after 元素简化 HTML 结构，结合 transform 创建动画效果，通过 transform-origin 精确控制旋转中心。通过这些方法，够掌握动态效果的实现，提升前端动画设计能力，应用于更复杂的视觉效果中。引言在 Java 编程语言中，数据类型的使用至关重要。作为一种静态类型语言，Java 提供了丰富的基本数据类型和对应的包装类。其中，Integer 类是 int 类型的包装类，承载着更复杂的功能，如缓存、装箱和拆箱等。掌握 Integer 类的工作原理，尤其是其装箱和拆箱机制，不仅可以提升程序性能，还能在面试中展示出对 Java 深厚的理解。本文将深入探讨 Integer 类的特性、装箱和拆箱的性能影响、常见的面试问题以及在不同版本中的变化，力求为读者提供全面的知识体系。Integer 类概述Integer 类是 Java 中最常用的包装类之一，提供的一个用于表示整数的类。它实现了 Comparable 接口，允许 Integer 对象进行排序。Integer 类还提供了一些常用的方法，如转换、比较和常量定义。范围：Integer 类型的有效范围为 -2,147,483,648 到 2,147,483,647。不可变性：Integer 对象一旦创建，其值不能更改。常用方法：compareTo(): 比较两个 Integer 对象的大小。valueOf(): 返回 int 的 Integer 对象，使用缓存机制。parseInt(): 将字符串转换为 int 类型。Java 提供了自动装箱和拆箱的功能，使得基本类型与其对应的对象类型之间的转换变得更加简单和直观。装箱与拆箱装箱（Boxing）：将基本数据类型转换为其对应的对象类型。自动装箱使得开发者无需显式地创建 Integer 对象。Integer boxed = 10; // 自动装箱拆箱（Unboxing）：将对象类型转换为基本数据类型。拆箱在使用 Integer 对象时会自动发生。int primitive = boxed; // 拆箱这两个过程虽然提供了便利，但也伴随着性能开销。装箱与拆箱的性能影响性能开销分析装箱的开销装箱涉及到内存分配和对象初始化。在频繁的操作中，例如在循环内进行装箱，可能会显著影响性能。在这个例子中，Integer.valueOf(i) 会尝试返回缓存中的对象，但对于大于 127 的值，依然会创建新对象，导致额外的性能开销。for (int i = 0; i \u003c 1000000; i++) { Integer boxed = Integer.valueOf(i); // 每次都会创建新对象}拆箱的开销拆箱虽然相对开销小，但在大规模数据处理时，多个拆箱操作可能会导致性能问题。在这种情况下，虽然代码简洁，但会产生大量的拆箱操作。List\u003cInteger\u003e list = new ArrayList\u003c\u003e();for (int i = 0; i \u003c 1000000; i++) { list.add(i); // 自动装箱}for (Integer boxed : list) { int primitive = boxed; // 拆箱，转换为基本类型}性能优化策略为了提高性能，可以采取以下措施：使用基本类型：在性能要求高的场景下，尽量使用基本类型而非包装类。使用数组：使用基本类型数组而非 List\u003cInteger\u003e，可以避免装箱和拆箱带来的开销。合理使用集合：在处理大量数据时，可以考虑使用 IntStream 等流式操作，减少装箱和拆箱的频率。根据实际情况进行性能测试，比较使用基本类型和包装类的性能。例如，在处理大量数据时，使用 int[] 数组比使用 ArrayList\u003cInteger\u003e 更高效。long startTime = System.nanoTime();for (int i = 0; i \u003c 1000000; i++) { Integer boxed = Integer.valueOf(i); // 装箱}long endTime = System.nanoTime();System.out.println(\"Boxing time: \" + (endTime - startTime) + \" ns\");startTime = System.nanoTime();for (int i = 0; i \u003c 1000000; i++) { int primitive = i; // 直接使用基本类型}endTime = System.nanoTime();System.out.println(\"Primitive time: \" + (endTime - startTime) + \" ns\");常见面试问题面试问题示例装箱和拆箱的性能开销是什么？答案：装箱和拆箱会产生内存分配和对象创建的开销。在进行装箱时，Java 需要为每个基本类型创建一个新的对象，这可能会导致频繁的内存分配和垃圾回收。在高频率的操作中，特别是在循环中，这种开销会显著影响性能，导致应用程序的响应变慢。在 Java 中，如何优化装箱和拆箱的性能？答案：在性能关键的代码中，应优先使用基本类型而非包装类。例如，使用 int 而不是 Integer。在使用集合时，可以考虑使用原始类型数组（如 int[]）或其他高效的数据结构，避免不必要的装箱和拆箱操作。此外，如果必须使用集合，选择合适的容器类型，尽量减少装箱的发生。什么情况下会使用装箱和拆箱？答案：装箱和拆箱通常在以下情况下使用：当需要使用对象类型时，例如在集合（如 ArrayList\u003cInteger\u003e）中存储元素，Java 会自动进行装箱。在使用泛型类型时，基本类型无法直接用于泛型，Java 需要进行装箱以创建对应的对象类型。在 API 方法中，如果方法参数是对象类型，而实际传入的是基本类型，Java 会自动进行装箱。缓存机制Java 中的 Integer 类实现了对象缓存机制。这意味着对于 -128 到 127 之间的整数值，Java 会在内存中缓存这些对象，确保同一个值的 Integer 对象是相同的引用。为什么选择 -128 到 127 的范围这个范围的选择是为了在常用的计算中优化内存使用。因为在许多情况下，小整数会被频繁使用，缓存可以显著提高性能，减少内存分配和垃圾回收的压力。自动装箱和手动装箱当我们将 int 赋值给 Integer 对象时，Java 会自动进行装箱：Integer a = 10; // 自动装箱而手动装箱则是使用 Integer 类的构造函数或静态方法：Integer b = Integer.valueOf(10); // 手动装箱在性能上，自动装箱会增加一些开销，但在多数情况下可以忽略。比较 Integer 对象的方式比较 Integer 对象时，常见的错误在于使用 == 操作符。使用 == 时，比较的是对象的引用：Integer x = 127;Integer y = 127;System.out.println(x == y); // trueInteger z = 128;Integer w = 128;System.out.println(z == w); // false为了比较值，应始终使用 equals() 方法：System.out.println(z.equals(w)); // true源码分析在 Integer 类中，Integer.valueOf() 方法负责返回指定值的 Integer 对象。对于 -128 到 127 的值，它会返回缓存中的对象；对于其他值，则会新建对象。关键源码片段：大致意思：public static Integer valueOf(int i) { if (i \u003e= -128 \u0026\u0026 i \u003c= 127) { return IntegerCache.cache[i + 128]; } return new Integer(i);}IntegerCache 实现：大致意思：static final class IntegerCache { static final Integer cache[] = new Integer[-(-128) + 127 + 1]; static { for (int i = 0; i \u003c cache.length; i++) { cache[i] = new Integer(i - 128); } }}面试场景中的应用在面试中，考官可能会询问有关 Integer 类的问题，例如：“Java 中 Integer 的缓存机制是如何工作的？”在 Java 中，Integer 类的缓存机制是通过静态内部类 IntegerCache 实现的。Java 会缓存范围在 -128 到 127 之间的 Integer 对象，这意味着在这个范围内，任何相同的整数值都会引用相同的 Integer 对象。这个机制的目的是为了优化性能，减少对象的创建和内存的使用。当你使用 Integer.valueOf(int i) 方法时，如果 i 在缓存范围内，方法会直接返回缓存的对象；如果不在范围内，则会创建新的 Integer 对象。这种设计确保了对于常用的小整数的高效处理，避免了不必要的内存分配。“在 Java 中，使用 == 和 equals() 的区别是什么？”在 Java 中，== 操作符用于比较两个对象的引用，即它们是否指向同一个内存地址。而 equals() 方法用于比较两个对象的实际内容（值）。对于 Integer 类型：当你使用 == 比较两个 Integer 对象时，如果它们在缓存范围内（-128 到 127），将返回 true，因为它们引用相同的对象；如果超出范围，可能会返回 false，因为它们是不同的对象。使用 equals() 方法始终比较两个对象的值，因此即使两个 Integer 对象是不同的实例，只要它们的值相同，equals() 方法都会返回 true。总结在深入探讨 Java 中 Integer 类的特性、装箱与拆箱的性能影响以及相关的最佳实践后，我们可以清晰地认识到，合理使用基本数据类型和包装类对性能优化至关重要。了解 Integer 的缓存机制和比较方式，使我们能够在开发中避免潜在的错误和性能瓶颈。对于面试者来说，掌握这些概念不仅能帮助回答相关问题，更能展示对 Java 语言的深入理解。在实际开发中，灵活应用这些知识将显著提升代码的效率和可维护性。随着 Java 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