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Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إسكندر حياة خان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسكندر حياة خان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सिकंदर हयात खान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिकंदर हयात खान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਿਕੰਦਰ ਹਯਾਤ ਖਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਕੰਦਰ ਹਯਾਤ ਖਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سر سکندر حیات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سر سکندر حیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سکندر حیات خان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سکندر حیات خان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandar_Hayat_Khan" title="Sikandar Hayat Khan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sikandar Hayat Khan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Azad Kashmir politician, see <a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Hayat_Khan_(Azad_Kashmir_politician)" title="Sikandar Hayat Khan (Azad Kashmir politician)">Sikandar Hayat Khan (Azad Kashmir politician)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian politician and statesman (1892–1942)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;">Major Sir<br /><a href="/wiki/Khan_Bahadur" title="Khan Bahadur">Khan Bahadur</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sikandar Hayat Khan</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan.png/220px-Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan.png/330px-Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan.png/440px-Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="851" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Punjab" title="Premier of the Punjab">Premier of the Punjab</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 April 1937 – 26 December 1942</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khizar_Hayat_Tiwana" title="Khizar Hayat Tiwana">Khizar Hayat Tiwana</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Punjab_(British_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of governors of Punjab (British India)">Governor of the Punjab</a><br /><small>(<i>Acting</i>)</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 July 1932 – 19 October 1932</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sir <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fitzhervey_de_Montmorency" title="Geoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency">Geoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sir Geoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 February 1934 – 9 June 1934</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sir <a href="/wiki/Herbert_William_Emerson" title="Herbert William Emerson">Herbert Emerson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sir Herbert Emerson</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India">President of BCCI</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1933–1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R._E._Grant_Govan" title="R. E. Grant Govan">R. E. Grant Govan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hamidullah_Khan" title="Hamidullah Khan">Hamidullah Khan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1892-06-05</span>)</span>5 June 1892<br /><a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 December 1942<span style="display:none">(1942-12-26)</span> (aged 50)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Punjab)" title="Unionist Party (Punjab)">Unionist Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liaqat_Hayat_Khan" title="Liaqat Hayat Khan">Liaqat Hayat Khan</a> (brother) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Hayat_Khan" title="Shaukat Hayat Khan">Shaukat Hayat Khan</a> (son) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Begum_Mahmooda_Salim_Khan" title="Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan">Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan</a> (daughter) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tahira_Mazhar_Ali" title="Tahira Mazhar Ali">Tahira Mazhar Ali</a> (daughter) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mazhar_Ali_Khan_(journalist)" title="Mazhar Ali Khan (journalist)">Mazhar Ali Khan</a> (son in law) <br /><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a> (grand son)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hayat_Khan" title="Muhammad Hayat Khan">Nawab Muhammad Hyat Khan</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">Punjab University</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ensign_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army_Service_Corps.svg/23px-Ensign_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army_Service_Corps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ensign_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army_Service_Corps.svg/35px-Ensign_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army_Service_Corps.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ensign_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army_Service_Corps.svg/46px-Ensign_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army_Service_Corps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1916–1920</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/67th_Punjabis" title="67th Punjabis">67th Punjabis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Khan_Bahadur" title="Khan Bahadur">Khan Bahadur</a></i> Major <b>Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a></span></span> (5 June 1892 – 26 December 1942), also written <b>Sikandar Hyat-Khan</b> or <b>Sikandar Hyat Khan</b>, was an Indian politician and statesman from the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a> who served as the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Punjab" title="Premier of the Punjab">Premier of the Punjab</a>, among other positions.<sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TFT_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikandar_Hayat_Khan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sikandar Hayat Khan was born in <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> in a Punjabi family of the Khattar tribe .<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was <a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hayat_Khan" title="Muhammad Hayat Khan">Muhammad Hayat Khan</a>, a civil servant and close associate of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Syed_Ahmed_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Syed Ahmed Khan">Sir Syed Ahmed Khan</a>, and his grandfather was Sardar Karam Khan, who died in battle fighting for the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikhs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was educated at Oriental Collegiate High School in <a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a> and later at <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a>, and was sent to study medicine at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> but was recalled home by his family circa 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, he initially worked as a War Recruitment Officer in his native <a href="/wiki/Attock_District" title="Attock District">Attock District</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later served as one of the first Indian officers to receive the King's Commission, with the <a href="/wiki/67th_Punjabis" title="67th Punjabis">2/67th Punjabis</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Punjab_Regiment" title="2nd Punjab Regiment">1/2nd Punjab Regiment</a>) where he was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of his distinguished services in the Great War and later, the <a href="/wiki/Third_Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Afghan War">Third Afghan War</a>, he was appointed a Member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>, Military Division (MBE, Mil.) by the Government of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1920, Khan turned his talents to business and by dint of his financial acumen and managerial skills, soon became a director or managing director of several companies, including the Wah Tea Estate, The <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kasur" title="Kasur">Kasur</a> Railway Company, The People's Bank of Northern India, The <a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a>-<a href="/wiki/Narowal" title="Narowal">Narowal</a> Railway, The ACC Wah Portland Cement Company, the Wah Stone and Lime Company, Messrs. Owen Roberts, the Punjab Sugar Corporation Ltd, Messrs. Walter Locke & Co, The Lahore Electricity Supply Co and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also entered grassroots politics at this time, and remained an <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">honorary magistrate</a> and Chairman of the Attock <a href="/wiki/District_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="District Board">District Board</a>. </p><p>Later, for a brief while he also remained the acting deputy-governor of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> in 1935,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prior to returning to take on party leadership in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> in 1936. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_career">Later life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikandar_Hayat_Khan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1921, Khan was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_(British_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly (British India)">Punjab Legislative Council</a> and his effective political role now began, as he became one of the main leaders of the Punjab <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Punjab)" title="Unionist Party (Punjab)">Unionist Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(later known as the <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Punjab)" title="Unionist Party (Punjab)">Unionist Party</a>), an all-Punjab political party formed to represent the interests of the landed gentry and landlords of Punjab which included <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After an outstanding period of political enterprise between 1924 and 1934,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Civil Division (KBE) in the <a href="/wiki/1933_New_Year_Honours" title="1933 New Year Honours">1933 New Year Honours</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he in due course took over leadership of the Unionist Party from Sir <a href="/wiki/Fazli_Husein" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazli Husein">Fazli Husein</a>. Khan led his party to victory in the 1937 elections, held under the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a> and then governed the Punjab as premier in coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Akali_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Akali Dal">Akali Dal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>. When Khan was the Unionist Premier, he extended the offer of Parliamentary Secretaryship to Ghazanfar Ali Khan, who became a strong backer of the Unionist Party in the assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This government carried out many reforms for the better of the <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <i>Zamindar</i> or <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian community">agrarian community</a>. When Indian farmers faced a crash of agricultural prices and economic distress in the late 1930s, Khan took further measures to alleviate their misery in the Punjab <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – similar steps were also taken by A K Fazlul Huq, the premier of Bengal, in working to relieve the Bengali peasantry from crippling debts to private sources, using both legal and administrative measures.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan opposed the <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a> of 1942,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and supported the Allied powers during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Khan believed in co-operating politically with the British for the independence of India and the unity of Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, soon after winning the general elections, confronted by internal pressure from many of his Muslim parliamentary colleagues and conscious of the need to maintain a balanced, equitable stance in a volatile and much-divided Punjabi political milieu,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan decided to also negotiate with the Muslim elements under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Jinnah</a> signed the Jinnah-Sikandar Pact at <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> in October 1937,<sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> merging the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> elements of his powerful Unionist force with the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_League" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Muslim League">All India Muslim League</a>, as a move towards reconciling the various Muslim elements in the Punjab and elsewhere in India, towards a common, united front for safeguarding their community rights and interests.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the agreement, Khan announced he was "advising all the Muslim members of the Unionist Party in Punjab to join the League."<sup id="cite_ref-TFT_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he was also one of the chief supporters and architects of the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a> of March 1940, calling for an autonomous or semi-independent Muslim majority region within the larger Indian confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-TFT_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikandar Hayat Khan, however, <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the partition of India">opposed the partition of India</a> and condemned "any reference to the 'Lahore Resolution' as the 'Pakistan Resolution'."<sup id="cite_ref-Mansingh2006_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mansingh2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malik1985_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik1985-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To Khan, the "partition meant disrupting the Punjab and the Unionist Party, and he was not prepared to accept this".<sup id="cite_ref-Malik1985_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik1985-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan's final days as Punjab's premier were extremely troublesome and marred by controversies and bitterness:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since 1940 the <a href="/wiki/Khaksars" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaksars">Khaksars</a> had been constantly giving trouble; he was having a rough time within the Muslim League with <a href="/wiki/Malik_Barkat_Ali" title="Malik Barkat Ali">Malik Barkat Ali</a> and others; and in the Legislative Assembly <a href="/wiki/Bhai_Parmanand" title="Bhai Parmanand">Bhai Parmanand</a> and Master <a href="/wiki/Tara_Singh_Malhotra" class="mw-redirect" title="Tara Singh Malhotra">Tara Singh</a> were questioning his increasingly inconsistent stance over Pakistan and Punjabi unity.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan's legacy was challenged when Malik Khizar Hyat refused to comply with League demands in 1944, leading Jinnah to repeal the Sikandar-Jinnah Pact from 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trying to yoke together an impossible 'political mosaic'<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took a drastic toll on Khan's health, probably resulting in his early fatality. In a letter from <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Viceroy Linlithgow</a> to Sir <a href="/wiki/Leo_Amery" title="Leo Amery">Leo Amery</a> dated two days after Khan's death, the Viceroy offered a lengthy personal evaluation of Khan: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The real tragedy of the last couple days has been the sudden death of Sikandar. He had his faults, as you and I well know. He was a rather difficult person to rely on in a really tight corner, and on more than one occasion he had caused me serious embarrassment. But he had a really remarkable record of achievement, and his services both to the Punjab and to India were very great indeed... I always felt... that he had an extremely difficult hand to play in the Punjab and that was the most probable explanation of his apparent weakness. He has with great skill for a number of years kept together a delicate political mosaic and I am by no means [untroubled] as I write at the thought of what may happen, for Sikandar was well-known to be very non-communal in temper and outlook, and he had conciliated a far greater degree of general support in that most important Province than anyone whom I can think of as a possible successor is likely to manage to do.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Khan died on the night between 25/26 December 1942, of a sudden heart failure, at his home.<sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried at the footsteps of the <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Badshahi Masjid">Badshahi Masjid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SOP_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikandar_Hayat_Khan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among Khan's children, the following attained noteworthy public status: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Mahmooda_Salim_Khan" title="Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan">Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan</a>, Pakistan's first woman minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Hayat_Khan" title="Shaukat Hayat Khan">Shaukat Hayat Khan</a>, senior Muslim League leader and political figure. Remained MNA in the 1970s Assembly and as a opposition MNA played an important role for the drafting and approval of 1973s Pakistan constitution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahira_Mazhar_Ali" title="Tahira Mazhar Ali">Tahira Mazhar Ali</a>, socialist leader and public activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzet_Hayat_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Izzet Hayat Khan">Izzet Hayat Khan</a>, businessman and former Pakistani ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li>Ghairat Hayat Khan administrator, philanthropist and Member of Majlis e Shura, Pakistan <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>Among his grandchildren are <a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a>, the British-Pakistani socialist writer and <a href="/wiki/Yawar_Hayat_Khan" title="Yawar Hayat Khan">Yawar Hayat Khan</a>, former senior director/producer of PTV (Pakistan Television). Another grandson Sardar Sikandar Hayat, eldest son of Sardar <a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Hayat_Khan" title="Shaukat Hayat Khan">Shaukat Hayat Khan</a> participated actively in constituent politics and remained MPA twice from Fatehjang (Attock) and also served as provincial minister. </p><p>Among his great-grandchildren is the noted Pakistani poet and scholar Omer Tarin.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikandar_Hayat_Khan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>List of office bearers/presidents (1933–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikandar_Hayat_Khan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SOP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOP_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022072944/http://storyofpakistan.com/sir-sikandar-hayat-khan">"Profile of Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan"</a>. <i>Story Of Pakistan website</i>. 1 January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storyofpakistan.com/sir-sikandar-hayat-khan">the original</a> on 22 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Story+Of+Pakistan+website&rft.atitle=Profile+of+Sir+Sikandar+Hayat+Khan&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstoryofpakistan.com%2Fsir-sikandar-hayat-khan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TFT-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TFT_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFT_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFT_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Tauqir_Alam2023" class="citation news cs1">M. Tauqir Alam (29 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221201212/https://thefridaytimes.com/29-Mar-2023/the-resolution-of-march-23-1940-one-document-two-nations">"The Resolution Of March 23, 1940: One Document Two Nations"</a>. <i>The Friday Times newspaper</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefridaytimes.com/29-Mar-2023/the-resolution-of-march-23-1940-one-document-two-nations">the original</a> on 21 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Friday+Times+newspaper&rft.atitle=The+Resolution+Of+March+23%2C+1940%3A+One+Document+Two+Nations&rft.date=2023-03-29&rft.au=M.+Tauqir+Alam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefridaytimes.com%2F29-Mar-2023%2Fthe-resolution-of-march-23-1940-one-document-two-nations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(writer)" title="Charles Allen (writer)">Charles Allen</a>, <i>Soldier-Sahibs</i>, London, 2000, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Sir Sikander Hyat Khan: The Soldier-Statesman of the Punjab, A Special Memorial Volume, Lahore: Government of the Punjab, 1943, pp. 10–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot1988" class="citation book cs1">Talbot, Ian (1988). <i>Punjab and the Raj, 1849–1947</i>. Riverdale Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0913215287" title="Special:BookSources/0913215287"><bdi>0913215287</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab+and+the+Raj%2C+1849%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Riverdale+Company&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0913215287&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i>Sir Sikander Hyat Khan: The Soldier-Statesman of the Punjab</i>, A Special Memorial Volume, Lahore: Government of the Punjab, 1943, pp. 10–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan: The Soldier-Statesman of the Punjab</i>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Field-Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Archibald Percival Wavell</a>, later Lord Wavell, in <i>Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan: The Soldier-Statesman of the Punjab</i>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During World War 2, when serving as the Premier of the Punjab, Khan was given an honorary rank of Lieutenant-Colonel but this only temporary and in no way indicated actual military rank. See Wavell, above, p 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette32001" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32001/supplement/8051">"No. 32001"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 30 July 1920. p. 8051.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+32001&rft.pages=8051&rft.date=1920-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F32001%2Fsupplement%2F8051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See 'The Handbook of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire', 1921 ed</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Iftikhar H. Malik, "Sir Sikandar Hayat: A Political Biography", Islamabad: NIHCR, 1985, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was also a member of its first Central board of directors, when the RBI was established in April 1935 on the recommendations of the Hilton-Young Commission of 1925–26. See the History section of the Official Website of the RBI <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rbi.org.in">http://www.rbi.org.in</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101219113959/http://www.rbi.org.in/">Archived</a> 19 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMittal1986" class="citation book cs1">Mittal, S. C. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2RKTigrrP1cC&q=Sikander+Hayat+Khan+led+the+Unionist+Party&pg=PA133"><i>Haryana: A historical perspective</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7156-083-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-7156-083-0"><bdi>81-7156-083-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haryana%3A+A+historical+perspective&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=81-7156-083-0&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2RKTigrrP1cC%26q%3DSikander%2BHayat%2BKhan%2Bled%2Bthe%2BUnionist%2BParty%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During which time he was also the first Indian native to have the unique distinction of being twice appointed as acting governor of the Punjab, in 1932 and then again in 1933–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Iftikhar H. Malik, pp. 41–46 for details</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette33898" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/33898/supplement/11">"No. 33898"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 30 December 1932. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+33898&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1932-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F33898%2Fsupplement%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">also see Prof. Lajpat Nair, <i>Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan: Politics</i>, Paper, Proceedings of the Institute for Current Affairs, Lahore, October 1943.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmartin1979" class="citation journal cs1">Gilmartin, David (1 January 1979). "Religious Leadership and the Pakistan Movement in the Punjab". <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 485–517. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0026749x00007228">10.1017/s0026749x00007228</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/312311">312311</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144573384">144573384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Religious+Leadership+and+the+Pakistan+Movement+in+the+Punjab&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=485-517&rft.date=1979-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144573384%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F312311%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0026749x00007228&rft.aulast=Gilmartin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inspired by the earlier example of his late father Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan, who had played an instrumental role in helping the Punjab peasantry out of debt during the 1890s; see IH Malik, <i>Sir Sikandar: A Political Biography</i> aa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandyopadhyay2004" class="citation journal cs1">Bandyopadhyay, D. (1 January 2004). "Preventable Deaths". <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i>. <b>39</b> (30): 3347–3348. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4415309">4415309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Preventable+Deaths&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=3347-3348&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4415309%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bandyopadhyay&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad1991" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Syed Nesar (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wzm36rEol3sC&q=Origins%20of%20Muslim%20consciousness%20in%20India&pg=PP1"><i>Origins of Muslim Consciousness in India: a world-system perspective</i></a>. Greenwood Press. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-27331-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-27331-6"><bdi>0-313-27331-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+Muslim+Consciousness+in+India%3A+a+world-system+perspective&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-313-27331-6&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Syed+Nesar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwzm36rEol3sC%26q%3DOrigins%2520of%2520Muslim%2520consciousness%2520in%2520India%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmad, aa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> According to the first-hand account of Sir <a href="/wiki/Penderel_Moon" title="Penderel Moon">Penderel Moon</a>, who was then serving under Khan as a British <a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service" title="Indian Civil Service">Indian Civil Service</a> officer, in discussions in 1937 and 1938, Khan explained to him the vital need for (a) maintaining the unity and integrity of the Punjab as a whole, and (b) at the same time striking a 'fine balance' in ensuring the rights of all Punjabi communities and communal factions; and he opined that rather than let things slide into anarchy and chaos, he would try his level best to do his 'utmost' to keep talking and making necessary concessions to all sides. While well-intentioned, this was probably attempting too much in circumstances that were inevitably headed towards divisiveness and beyond his control. See Moon, <i>Divide and Quit</i>, London: Chatto & Windus, 1962, pp. 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Syed Amjad Ali, Memoirs, Lahore, 1985, p 278: the author said that 'Thanks to the agreement reached between Jinnah and Sir Sikandar in Lucknow, the dream of Pakistan became real. All Pakistanis today should be thankful to these two great Muslim leaders and their wisdom', 192 ; and Wolpert 1999, aa, where Wolpert states that 'The Punjab was more than just a bare Muslim majority [like Bengal] ; the Punjab meant Pakistan, made Pakistan possible', pp 150–51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeeger1972" class="citation journal cs1">Heeger, Gerald A. (1 January 1972). "The Growth of the Congress Movement in Punjab, 1920–1940". <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 39–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2053177">10.2307/2053177</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053177">2053177</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154447365">154447365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Growth+of+the+Congress+Movement+in+Punjab%2C+1920%E2%80%931940&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-51&rft.date=1972-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154447365%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2053177%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2053177&rft.aulast=Heeger&rft.aufirst=Gerald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Wolpert, <i>Jinnah of Pakistan</i>, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 150–151. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-577389-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-577389-6">0-19-577389-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeeger1972" class="citation journal cs1">Heeger, Gerald A. (1 January 1972). "The Growth of the Congress Movement in Punjab, 1920–1940". <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 39–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2053177">10.2307/2053177</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053177">2053177</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154447365">154447365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Growth+of+the+Congress+Movement+in+Punjab%2C+1920%E2%80%931940&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-51&rft.date=1972-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154447365%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2053177%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2053177&rft.aulast=Heeger&rft.aufirst=Gerald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Syed Amjad Ali, aa; and IH Malik, aa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mansingh2006-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mansingh2006_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Mansingh, Surjit (2006). <i>Historical Dictionary of India</i>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810865020" title="Special:BookSources/9780810865020"><bdi>9780810865020</bdi></a>. <q>Both Sikandar Hayat Khan and his successor, Khizr Hayat Khan Tiwana, vehemently opposed the idea Partition when it was mooted in the early 1940s, partly because as Punjabi Muslims they did not agree with Jinnah on the need for a Pakistan and largely because the thought of partitioning Punjab, as an inevitable consequence, was so painful.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+India&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780810865020&rft.aulast=Mansingh&rft.aufirst=Surjit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malik1985-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malik1985_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malik1985_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik1985" class="citation book cs1">Malik, Iftikhar Haider (1985). <i>Sikandar Hayat Khan (1892–1942): a political biography</i>. National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikandar+Hayat+Khan+%281892%E2%80%931942%29%3A+a+political+biography&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Historical+and+Cultural+Research&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Iftikhar+Haider&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mansergh and Lumby (eds), <i>Transfer of Power Documents</i>, London, 1971, Vol. III, p. 431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detailed review in the <i>Civil and Military Gazette</i> newspaper, 8 and 10 November 1942.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmartin1979" class="citation journal cs1">Gilmartin, David (1 January 1979). "Religious Leadership and the Pakistan Movement in the Punjab". <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 485–517. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0026749x00007228">10.1017/s0026749x00007228</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/312311">312311</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144573384">144573384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Religious+Leadership+and+the+Pakistan+Movement+in+the+Punjab&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=485-517&rft.date=1979-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144573384%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F312311%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0026749x00007228&rft.aulast=Gilmartin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Linlithgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Linlithgow">Lord Linlithgow</a> to Sir <a href="/wiki/Leo_Amery" title="Leo Amery">Leo Amery</a>, 28 December 1942, British Library/IOR, Accession No. L/1/1/1427</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Linlithgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Linlithgow">Lord Linlithgow</a> to Sir <a href="/wiki/Leo_Amery" title="Leo Amery">Leo Amery</a>, 28 December 1942.Mansergh and Lumby (eds), <i>Transfer of Power Documents</i>, London, 1971, Vol. III, p. 431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr Iftikhar H. Malik, <i>Sir Sikandar Hayat: A Political Biography</i>, p. 97. Also see Omer Tarin, 'Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan and the Restoration of the Badshahi Mosque, Lahore', PHS digest, 1995, Vol2, pp 21–29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/591207/sir-sikandar-hayat-s-grave-victim-of-neglect">Sir Sikandar Hayat's grave victim of neglect</a> Dawn (newspaper), Published 14 December 2010, Retrieved 7 July 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlyas_Khan2011" class="citation web cs1">Ilyas Khan (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilyask2.wordpress.com/2011/11/28/interview-with-poet-omer-tarin-2011/">"Interview of poet Omer Tarin"</a>. <i>WordPress.com website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WordPress.com+website&rft.atitle=Interview+of+poet+Omer+Tarin&rft.date=2011-11&rft.au=Ilyas+Khan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filyask2.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F11%2F28%2Finterview-with-poet-omer-tarin-2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikandar+Hayat+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_BCCI" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="Template:Presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_BCCI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="List of presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India">Presidents of the</a> <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="Board of Control for Cricket in India">BCCI</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._E._Grant_Govan" title="R. E. Grant Govan">R. E. Grant Govan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–1933)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikandar Hayat Khan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1933–1935)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidullah_Khan" title="Hamidullah Khan">Hamidullah Khan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935–1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digvijaysinhji_Ranjitsinhji" class="mw-redirect" title="Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji">Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937–1938)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Subbarayan" title="P. Subbarayan">P. Subbarayan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938–1946)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_Mello_(cricket_administrator)" title="Anthony de Mello (cricket administrator)">Anthony S. D'Mello</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946–1951)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._C._Mukherjee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. C. Mukherjee (page does not exist)">J. C. Mukherjee</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951–1954)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajkumar_of_Vizianagram" title="Maharajkumar of Vizianagram">Maharajkumar of Vizianagram</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1954–1956)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjit_Singh_Majithia" title="Surjit Singh Majithia">Surjit Singh Majithia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956–1958)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._K._Patel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. K. Patel (page does not exist)">R. K. Patel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1958–1960)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._A._Chidambaram" title="M. A. Chidambaram">M. A. Chidambaram</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960–1963)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatehsinghrao_Gaekwad" title="Fatehsinghrao Gaekwad">Fatehsinghrao Gaekwad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1963–1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zal_Irani" class="mw-redirect" title="Zal Irani">Zal Irani</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966–1969)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._N._Ghosh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. N. Ghosh (page does not exist)">A. N. Ghosh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1969–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purushottam_Rungta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purushottam Rungta (page does not exist)">Purushottam Rungta</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramprakash_Mehra" title="Ramprakash Mehra">Ramprakash Mehra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1977)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Chinnaswamy" title="M. Chinnaswamy">M. Chinnaswamy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Wankhede" title="S. K. Wankhede">S. K. Wankhede</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._K._P._Salve" title="N. K. P. Salve">N. K. P. Salve</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1982–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Sriraman" title="S. Sriraman">S. Sriraman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1985–1988)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B._N._Dutt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B. N. Dutt (page does not exist)">B. N. Dutt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1988–1990)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavrao_Scindia" title="Madhavrao Scindia">Madhavrao Scindia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inderjit_Singh_Bindra" title="Inderjit Singh Bindra">Inderjit Singh Bindra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Singh_Dungarpur" title="Raj Singh Dungarpur">Raj Singh Dungarpur</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Muthiah" title="A. C. Muthiah">A. C. Muthiah</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–2001)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan_Dalmiya" title="Jagmohan Dalmiya">Jagmohan Dalmiya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranbir_Singh_Mahendra" title="Ranbir Singh Mahendra">Ranbir Singh Mahendra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2004–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashank_Manohar" title="Shashank Manohar">Shashank Manohar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Srinivasan" title="N. Srinivasan">N. Srinivasan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan_Dalmiya" title="Jagmohan Dalmiya">Jagmohan Dalmiya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Srinivasan" title="N. Srinivasan">N. Srinivasan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–2014)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunil_Gavaskar" title="Sunil Gavaskar">Sunil Gavaskar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivlal_Yadav" title="Shivlal Yadav">Shivlal Yadav </a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan_Dalmiya" title="Jagmohan Dalmiya">Jagmohan Dalmiya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashank_Manohar" title="Shashank Manohar">Shashank Manohar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2016)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Thakur" title="Anurag Thakur">Anurag Thakur</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._K._Khanna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. K. Khanna (page does not exist)">C. K. Khanna</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sourav_Ganguly" title="Sourav Ganguly">Sourav Ganguly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Binny" title="Roger Binny">Roger Binny</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_Movement" title="Template:Pakistan Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_Movement" title="Template talk:Pakistan Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History of Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Pakistani_history_(1947%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Pakistani history (1947–present)">timeline: 1947–present)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_movement" title="Urdu movement">Urdu movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuddhi movement">Shuddhi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Address" title="Allahabad Address">Allahabad Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Declaration" title="Pakistan Declaration">Now or Never pamphlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_nation_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Two nation theory">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round Table Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectives_Resolution" title="Objectives Resolution">Objectives Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Independence Day (Pakistan)">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani monarchy">Pakistani monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Day (Pakistan)">Republic Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Protestant Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party,_1940_(Photo_429-6).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre."><img alt="The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg/70px-Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg/105px-Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg/140px-Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre.</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Pakistan"><img alt="Flag of Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/70px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/105px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/140px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Pakistan</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State emblem of Pakistan"><img alt="State emblem of Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/70px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/105px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/140px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>State emblem of Pakistan</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_League" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Muslim League">Muslim League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Muslim_League" title="Punjab Muslim League">Punjab Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Provincial_Muslim_League" title="Bengal Provincial Muslim League">Bengal Branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Muslim_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Unionist Muslim League">Unionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Students_Federation" title="All India Muslim Students Federation">Student Federations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksars" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaksars">Khaksars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Renaissance_Society" title="East Pakistan Renaissance Society">Renaissance Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophical Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Pakistan" title="List of newspapers in Pakistan">Print media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)"><i>Dawn</i> </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Jang" title="Daily Jang">Daily <i>Jang</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawaiwaqt" title="Nawaiwaqt"><i>Nawa-i-Waqt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar_(newspaper)" title="Zamindar (newspaper)"><i>Contractor</i> </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Pakistan_Movement" title="Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Aga Khan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Salimullah" title="Khwaja Salimullah">Khwaja Salimullah</a> (Nawab Salimullah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ameer_Ali" title="Syed Ameer Ali">Syed Ameer Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Ali_(freedom_fighter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaukat Ali (freedom fighter)">Maulana Shaukat Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_Ajmal_Khan" title="Hakim Ajmal Khan">Hakim Ajmal Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Fatima Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeq_Mohammad_Khan_V" title="Sadeq Mohammad Khan V">Sadeq Mohammad Khan V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Muhammad_Shafi" title="Mian Muhammad Shafi">Mian Muhammad Shafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Abdul_Rashid" title="Mian Abdul Rashid">Mian Abdul Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqar-ul-Mulk" title="Waqar-ul-Mulk">Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsin-ul-Mulk" title="Mohsin-ul-Mulk">Mohsin-ul-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Yar_Jung" title="Bahadur Yar Jung">Bahadur Yar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_(Urdu_scholar)" title="Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar)">Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qayyum_Khan" title="Abdul Qayyum Khan">Abdul Qayyum Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rab_Nishtar" title="Abdur Rab Nishtar">Abdur Rab Nishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Khaliquzzaman" title="Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman">Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Choudhary Rahmat Ali">Choudhary Rahmat Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ali_Shah" title="Jamaat Ali Shah">Jamaat Ali Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._M._Syed" title="G. M. Syed">G. M. Syed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazanfar_Ali_Khan" title="Ghazanfar Ali Khan">Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Khan_Jamali" title="Jafar Khan Jamali">Jafar Khan Jamali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Bhik_Nairang" title="Ghulam Bhik Nairang">Ghulam Bhik Nairang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasrat_Mohani" title="Hasrat Mohani">Hasrat Mohani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_Mohammad_Ismail_Khan" title="Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan">Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy" title="Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy">Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogendra_Nath_Mandal" title="Jogendra Nath Mandal">Jogendra Nath Mandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._H._Khurshid" class="mw-redirect" title="K. H. Khurshid">K. H. Khurshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Husain" title="Mahmud Husain">Mahmud Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Amir_Ahmed_Khan" title="Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan">Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan</a> (Raja Saheb of Mahmudabad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zafarullah_Khan" title="Muhammad Zafarullah Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Mohammad_Isa" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazi Mohammad Isa">Qazi Mohammad Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27ana_Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan">Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ali_Khan" title="Zafar Ali Khan">Zafar Ali Khan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Pakistan_Movement" title="Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Movement_activists" title="Category:Pakistan Movement activists">Activists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Nizami" title="Hamid Nizami">Hamid Nizami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Haroon" title="Abdullah Haroon">Abdullah Haroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Haroon" title="Yusuf Haroon">Yusuf Haroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Haroon" title="Mahmoud Haroon">Mahmoud Haroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altaf_Husain" title="Altaf Husain">Altaf Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamjee_Haji_Dawood" title="Adamjee Haji Dawood">Adamjee Haji Dawood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Shafi Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Zafar Ahmad Usmani">Zafar Ahmad Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Lahori" title="Ahmed Ali Lahori">Ahmed Ali Lahori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Barkat_Ali" title="Malik Barkat Ali">Malik Barkat Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aslam_Khattak" title="Aslam Khattak">Aslam Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Khattak" title="Yusuf Khattak">Yusuf Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Iftikharuddin" title="Mian Iftikharuddin">Mian Iftikharuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahnawaz_Khan_Mamdot" title="Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot">Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_Hussain_Khan_Mamdot" title="Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot">Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikandar Hayat Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Hayat_Khan" title="Shaukat Hayat Khan">Shaukat Hayat Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Ahmad" title="Ziauddin Ahmad">Ziauddin Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Ahmad_Haleem" title="Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem">Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem</a></li> <li>Maulana <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Rasool_Mehr" title="Ghulam Rasool Mehr">Ghulam Rasool Mehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim Said">Hakeem Mohammad Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Ghulam_Abbas" title="Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas">Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdul_Qayyum_Khan" title="Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan">Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ibrahim_Khan" title="Sardar Ibrahim Khan">Sardar Ibrahim Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_Mohammad_Khan" title="Fida Mohammad Khan">Fida Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_(Muslim_leader)" title="Abdul Qadir (Muslim leader)">Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._M._Sharif" title="M. M. Sharif">M. M. Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahibzada_Abdul_Qayyum" title="Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum">Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaludin_Abdur_Rahim" title="Jalaludin Abdur Rahim">Jalaludin Abdur Rahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z._A._Suleri" title="Z. A. Suleri">Z. A. Suleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Allana" title="G. Allana">G. Allana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtiaq_Hussain_Qureshi" title="Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi">Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Baba" title="Jalal Baba">Jalal Baba</a> of NWFP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Karam_Shah_al-Azhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari">Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_ul-Hasanat" title="Amin ul-Hasanat">Amin ul-Hasanat</a> (Pir of Manki Sharif)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Wajid_Ali" title="Syed Wajid Ali">Syed Wajid Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafeez_Jalandhari" title="Hafeez Jalandhari">Hafeez Jalandhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahanara_Shahnawaz" title="Jahanara Shahnawaz">Jahanara Shahnawaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Abdullah_Haroon" title="Lady Abdullah Haroon">Lady Abdullah Haroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ismail_Zabeeh" title="Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh">Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Begum_(politician)" title="Fatima Begum (politician)">Fatima Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseer_Ahmad_Malhi" title="Naseer Ahmad Malhi">Naseer Ahmad Malhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Saeed_Nagi" title="Ahmed Saeed Nagi">Ahmed Saeed Nagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niaz_Ali_Khan_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niaz Ali Khan (politician)">Niaz Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Habibullah_Khan_Saadi" title="Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi">Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Rahimtoola" title="Habib Rahimtoola">Habib Rahimtoola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_al_Mujahid" title="Sharif al Mujahid">Sharif al Mujahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Sughra_Begum" title="Fatima Sughra Begum">Fatima Sughra Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Sattar_Khan_Niazi" title="Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi">Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viqar-un-Nisa_Noon" title="Viqar-un-Nisa Noon">Viqar-un-Nisa Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Abdullah_Khan_Rokhri" title="Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri">Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" title="Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Aurang_Zeb_Khan" title="Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan">Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ropari" title="Abdullah Ropari">Abdullah Ropari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_Mir_Sialkoti" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti">Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Movement_activists" title="Category:Pakistan Movement activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Pakistan" title="Category:Books about Pakistan">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idea_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Idea of Pakistan"><i>Idea of Pakistan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnah:_India,_Partition,_Independence" title="Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence"><i>Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Afghanistan_and_Baluchistan" title="Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan"><i>Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan:_A_Personal_History" title="Pakistan: A Personal History"><i>Pakistan: A Personal History</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto"><i>The Myth of Independence</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatol_Lieven" title="Anatol Lieven"><i>Pakistan: A Hard Country</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_or_Never;_Are_We_to_Live_or_Perish_Forever%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?"><i>Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan"><i>Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minar-e-Pakistan" title="Minar-e-Pakistan">Minar-e-Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab-e-Pakistan" title="Bab-e-Pakistan">Bab-e-Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Monument" title="Pakistan Monument">Pakistan Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar-e-Quaid" title="Mazar-e-Quaid">Mazar-e-Quaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarat_Residency" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziarat Residency">Ziarat Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Muhammad_Iqbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal's Tom'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Mansion" title="Wazir Mansion">Wazir Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Pakistan" title="National Library of Pakistan">National Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaliq_Deena_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaliq Deena Hall">Deena Public Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab-e-Khyber" title="Bab-e-Khyber">Bab-e-Khyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnah_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinnah Terminal">Jinnah Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">In Memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Day" title="Pakistan Day"><i>Youm-e-Pakistan</i> <small>(<b>23 March</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Constitution Day (Pakistan)"><i>Youm-e-Dastur</i> <small>(<b>10 April</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youm-e-Takbir" title="Youm-e-Takbir"><i>Youm-e-Takbir</i> <small>(<b>28 May</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Independence Day (Pakistan)"><i>Youm-e-Azadi</i> <small>(<b>14 August</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Day" title="Defence Day"><i>Youm-e-Difah</i> <small>(<b>6 September</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Day" title="Azad Kashmir Day"><i>Youm-e-Tasees</i> <small>(<b>24 October</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Day" title="Iqbal Day"><i>Youm-e-Iqbal</i> <small>(<b>9 November</b>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Bara Din"><i>Youm-e-Viladat</i> <small>(<b>25 December</b>)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3249228#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3249228#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control 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class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/60556277">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/197185/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwCTwVrYtC7mCXCGgDcyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86008306">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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