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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Teorio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teorio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Enhavtabelo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tragedio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 95 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedie" title="Tragedie — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tragedie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A9_(%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="مأساة (دراما) — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مأساة (دراما)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تراجيديا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تراجيديا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traxedia" title="Traxedia — astura" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Traxedia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faci%C9%99_(janr)" title="Faciə (janr) — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Faciə (janr)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="تراژدی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تراژدی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80)" title="Трагедия (жанр) — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Трагедия (жанр)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedie" title="Tragedie — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tragedie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trahedya" title="Trahedya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Trahedya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Трагедыя — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трагедыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Трагедыя — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трагедыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Трагедия — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Трагедия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95" title="বিয়োগান্ত নাটক — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিয়োগান্ত নাটক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajedienn" title="Trajedienn — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trajedienn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedija" title="Tragedija — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tragedija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A8dia" title="Tragèdia — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tragèdia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تراژیدیا — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تراژیدیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die" title="Tragédie — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tragédie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedie" title="Tragedie — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tragedie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%B6die" title="Tragödie — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tragödie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τραγωδία — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τραγωδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tragedy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedia" title="Tragedia — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tragedia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%B6%C3%B6dia" title="Tragöödia — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tragöödia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedia" title="Tragedia — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tragedia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="تراژدی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تراژدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedia" title="Tragedia — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tragedia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die" title="Tragédie — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tragédie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trageedzje" title="Trageedzje — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Trageedzje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="悲劇 — Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="悲劇" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traj%C3%A9di" title="Trajédi — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Trajédi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traxedia" title="Traxedia — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Traxedia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doo-skeeal" title="Doo-skeeal — manksa" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Doo-skeeal" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="טרגדיה — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרגדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="दुखान्त नाटक — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दुखान्त नाटक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedija" title="Tragedija — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tragedija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A9dia" title="Tragédia — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tragédia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B2%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80)" title="Ողբերգություն (ժանր) — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ողբերգություն (ժանր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B2%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80)" title="Ողբերգութիւն (թատրոնի ժանր) — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ողբերգութիւն (թատրոնի ժանր)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedi" title="Tragedi — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tragedi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedio" title="Tragedio — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tragedio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmleikur" title="Harmleikur — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Harmleikur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedia" title="Tragedia — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tragedia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="悲劇 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="悲劇" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrajidi" title="Chrajidi — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chrajidi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტრაგედია — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრაგედია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Трагедия — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Трагедия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಗಂಭೀರ ನಾಟಕ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಂಭೀರ ನಾಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EA%B7%B9" title="비극 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비극" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Трагедия — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Трагедия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragoedia" title="Tragoedia — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tragoedia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedija" title="Tragedija — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tragedija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tra%C4%A3%C4%93dija" title="Traģēdija — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Traģēdija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Трагедија — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трагедија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="शोकांतिका — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शोकांतिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedi" title="Tragedi — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tragedi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Трагедия — erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Трагедия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedie_(toneel)" title="Tragedie (toneel) — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tragedie (toneel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedie" title="Tragedie — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tragedie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedie" title="Tragedie — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tragedie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A8dia" title="Tragèdia — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tragèdia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਤਰਾਸਦੀ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਰਾਸਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedia" title="Tragedia — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tragedia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A9dia" title="Tragédia — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tragédia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedie" title="Tragedie — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tragedie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Трагедия — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Трагедия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Трагедия — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Трагедия" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragg%C3%A8dia" title="Traggèdia — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Traggèdia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88" title="الميو — sinda" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الميو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedija" title="Tragedija — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tragedija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_(Greek_theatre)" title="Tragedy (Greek theatre) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tragedy (Greek theatre)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A9dia" title="Tragédia — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tragédia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedija" title="Tragedija — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tragedija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragjedia" title="Tragjedia — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tragjedia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Трагедија — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трагедија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%B6die" title="Tragödie — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tragödie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedi" title="Tragedi — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tragedi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedi" title="Tragedi — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tragedi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="துன்பியல் நாடகம் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துன்பியல் நாடகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Фоҷиа — taĝika" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фоҷиа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taĝika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="โศกนาฏกรรม — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โศกนาฏกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trahedya" title="Trahedya — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Trahedya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajedi" title="Trajedi — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trajedi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Трагедія — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трагедія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%81" title="المیہ — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="المیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragediya" title="Tragediya — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tragediya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_k%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Bi kịch — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bi kịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradjideye_(tey%C3%A5te)" title="Tradjideye (teyåte) — valona" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tradjideye (teyåte)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trahedya" title="Trahedya — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Trahedya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%89%A7" title="悲剧 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="悲剧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტრაგედია — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტრაგედია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="טראגעדיע — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טראגעדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="悲劇 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="悲劇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi-kio%CC%8Dk" title="Pi-kio̍k — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pi-kio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="悲劇 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="悲劇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Dionysos_mask_Louvre_Myr347.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dionysos_mask_Louvre_Myr347.jpg/200px-Dionysos_mask_Louvre_Myr347.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dionysos_mask_Louvre_Myr347.jpg/300px-Dionysos_mask_Louvre_Myr347.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dionysos_mask_Louvre_Myr347.jpg/400px-Dionysos_mask_Louvre_Myr347.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption>Terakota masko de <a href="/wiki/Dionizo" title="Dionizo">Dionizo</a>. Grekio, Mirino, dua jarcento antaŭ nia erao</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tragedio</b> estas <a href="/wiki/Teatro" title="Teatro">teatraĵo</a> <a href="/wiki/Liriko" title="Liriko">lirika</a>, kiu devenas de la <a href="/wiki/Antikveco" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikveco">antikva</a> <a href="/wiki/Grekio" title="Grekio">greka</a> teatro. Oni kontrastigas ĝin al la <a href="/wiki/Komedio" title="Komedio">komedio</a>, kaj en antikva Grekio ankaŭ al <a href="/wiki/Satirusa_dramo" title="Satirusa dramo">satirusa dramo</a>. </p><p>La vorto <i>tragedio</i> devenas de la malnova <a href="/wiki/Greka_lingvo" title="Greka lingvo">greka lingvo</a> kaj signifas <i>"kaprokanton"</i> (greke: tragodia). Por la <a href="/wiki/Kulto" title="Kulto">kulto</a> de <a href="/wiki/Dionizo" title="Dionizo">Dionizo</a> oni paradis kun <a href="/wiki/Masko" title="Masko">masko</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Felo" title="Felo">felo</a> de <a href="/wiki/Kapro" title="Kapro">kaproj</a> (greke: tragos), tio reprezentis la dion mem aŭ unu de la akompanintaj <a href="/wiki/Satiruso" title="Satiruso">satirusoj</a> </p><p>La kerno de tragedio estas, ke homo volas preteriri la al li destinitan sorton. Tamen <i>tragedia</i> ne signifas, kiel kutime, ke io estas tragika, terure trista, sed ke iu troviĝas en nesolvebla dilemo kaj tiel iĝas <i>"senkulpe kulpa"</i>, kiel ekzemple <a href="/wiki/Edipo" title="Edipo">Edipo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresto" title="Oresto">Oresto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedra">Fedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamleto" title="Hamleto">Hamleto</a> aŭ <a href="/wiki/Anakin_Skywalker" class="mw-redirect" title="Anakin Skywalker">Anakin Skywalker</a>. Kelkaj tragedioj plenas je sangaj mortoj (ekz Baĵazet de Racine) aliaj povas esti sen iu ajn morto, sed porĉiame disiro (Bérénice de Racine). </p><p>Striktasence tragedio estas tratraĵa formo; sed la adjektivo pri tragedieco aplikeblas al ĉiaj realaj aŭ beletraj situacioj, do ajnaĝenre. Ekzemple en la romanoj de <a href="/wiki/Murakami_Haruki" title="Murakami Haruki">Murakami Haruki</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historio">Historio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Historio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Historio"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La tragedio aperis en <a href="/wiki/Ateno" title="Ateno">Ateno</a> en la 6-a jarcento A.N.E. kun la komedio. Ĝi aperis en la kadro de la festoj de <a href="/wiki/Dionizo" title="Dionizo">Dionizo</a> (fine de januaro kaj fine de marto) kaj ĝi estis ligita al rito de la malnova greka religio. La <a href="/wiki/Arkonto" title="Arkonto">arkontoj</a> (regantoj de la urbo) kunvokis jare konkurson inter tri dramistoj, ĉiu el kiuj prezentis tri tragediojn kaj unu satiran dramon. La plej bona el inter ili estis rekompensita, kaj ĝiaj verkoj estis konservitaj. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Greka_literaturo" title="Greka literaturo">greka literaturo</a> havis tri grandajn aŭtorojn de tragedioj: <a href="/wiki/Es%C4%A5ilo" title="Esĥilo">Esĥilo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofoklo" title="Sofoklo">Sofoklo</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/E%C5%ADripido" title="Eŭripido">Eŭripido</a>. Vidu artikolon <a href="/wiki/Helena_tragedio" title="Helena tragedio">Helena tragedio</a>. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Romia_teatro" title="Romia teatro">romia teatro</a> malpli uzis tiun ĉi genron, sed ankoraŭ <a href="/wiki/Seneko_la_pli_juna" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneko la pli juna">Seneko</a> adaptia al <a href="/wiki/Latino" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino">Latino</a> la klasikajn grekajn tragediojn de <a href="/wiki/Fedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedra">Fedra</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Medea" class="mw-disambig" title="Medea">Medea</a>. </p><p>En la klasika periodo de la okcidenteŭropa literaturo, oni povas citi la nomojn de </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a> en <a href="/wiki/Francio" title="Francio">Francio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a> en <a href="/wiki/Britio" class="mw-redirect" title="Britio">Britio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Tirso_de_Molina" title="Tirso de Molina">Tirso de Molina</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hispanio" title="Hispanio">Hispanio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a> en <a href="/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio">Germanio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Vittorio Alfieri</a> en <a href="/wiki/Italio" title="Italio">Italio</a></li></ul> <p>En la plej ĵusa periodo, la limoj de tragedio estas malpli precizaj. Oni povas citi kiel ekzemplojn de tragedio verkojn kiel <i>Pupdomo</i> (<a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>) de <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> aŭ <i>Morto de vojaĝa komizo</i> de <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teorio">Teorio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Teorio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Teorio"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La klasika libro pri la teorio de la tragedio estas tiu de <a href="/wiki/Aristotelo" title="Aristotelo">Aristotelo</a>, en lia libro <i><a href="/wiki/Poetiko" title="Poetiko">Poetiko</a></i>. </p><p>Oni povas ankaŭ citi la libron de <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>: <i>Die Geburt der Tragödie (aus dem Geiste der Musik) Oder: Griechenthum und Pessimismus</i> (Naskiĝo de tragedio (el muzikspirito) aŭ: Grekio kaj <a href="/wiki/Pesimismo" title="Pesimismo">pesimismo</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografio">Bibliografio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Bibliografio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Bibliografio"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hans-Dieter Gelfert: <i>Die Tragödie. Theorie und Geschichte</i> (Taschenbuch), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kaufmann" title="Walter Kaufmann">Walter Kaufmann</a>: <i>Tragödie und Philosophie.</i> J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1980. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3169426826" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-16-942682-6</a> (zuerst New York 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Geburt_der_Trag%C3%B6die_aus_dem_Geiste_der_Musik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik</a> Oder: Griechenthum und Pessimismus</i> Reclam, Stuttgart 1993. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3150071313" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-15-007131-3</a></li> <li>Ulrich Profitlich (Hg.): <i>Tragödientheorie. Texte und Kommentare. Vom Barock bis zur Gegenwart.</i> Rowohlt, Hamburg 1999. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3499555735" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-499-55573-5</a></li> <li>Gustav Adolf Seeck: <i>Die griechische Tragödie</i>. Reclam, Stuttgart 2000. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3150176212" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-15-017621-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Szondi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Szondi (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Peter Szondi</a>: <i>Versuch über das Tragische</i> [EA1961] in: ders., <i>Schriften I</i>, Neuauflage: Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 1996, <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3518278193" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-518-27819-3</a></li> <li><i>Klassische Texte zur Tragik</i>. Parodos, Berlin 2006. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3938880031" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-938880-03-1</a></li> <li>Aristotle. 1974. "Poetics". Trans. S.H. Butcher. In Dukore <i>Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to Grotowski</i>, 31-55.</li> <li>Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. <i>The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge UP. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0521434378" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-43437-8</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Benjamin, Walter</a>. 1928. <i>The Origin of German Tragic Drama</i> Trans. John Osborne. London and New York: Verso, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1859848990" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85984-899-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._C._Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. C. Bradley (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Bradley, A. C.</a>. 1909. <i>Oxford Lectures on Poetry.</i> Reprint ed. Atlantic, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/8171563791" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-7156-379-1</a>.</li> <li>Buckham, P. W. 1827. <i>Theatre of the Greeks</i>.</li> <li>Campbell, Lewis. 1891. <i>(A Guide to) Greek Tragedy (for English Readers).</i></li> <li>Carlson, Marvin. 1993. <i>Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present.</i> Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0801481546" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8014-8154-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze, Gilles</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Guattari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Félix Guattari (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Félix Guattari</a>. 1972. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-%C5%92dipus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Œdipus (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Anti-Œdipus</a></i>. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem and Helen R. Lane. London and New York: Continuum, 2004. Vol. 1 of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitalism_and_Schizophrenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitalism and Schizophrenia (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Capitalism and Schizophrenia</a></i>. 2 vols. 1972-1980. Trans. of <i>L'Anti-Oedipe</i>. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0826476953" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8264-7695-3</a>.</li> <li>Dukore, Bernard F., ed. 1974. <i>Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to Grotowski</i>. Florence, KY: Heinle & Heinle. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0030911524" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-03-091152-4</a>.</li> <li>Elam, Keir. 1980. <i>The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama</i>. New Accents Ser. London and New York: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0416720609" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-416-72060-9</a>.</li> <li>Felski, Rita, ed. 2008. <i>Rethinking Tragedy.</i> Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins UP. Pp. viii, 368.</li> <li>Flickinger, Roy Caston, <i>The Greek theater and its drama</i>, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1918</li> <li>Gregory, Justina, ed. 2005. <i>A Companion to Greek Tragedy</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel, G. W. F.</a>. 1927. "Vorlesungen uber die Asthetik." In ''<i>Samlichte Werke</i>. Vol 14. Ed. Hermann Glockner. Stuttgart: Fromann.</li> <li>Pfister, Manfred. 1977. <i>The Theory and Analysis of Drama</i>. Trans. John Halliday. European Studies in English Literature Ser. Cambridige: Cambridge University Press, 1988. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/052142383X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-42383-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rush_Rehm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rush Rehm (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Rehm, Rush</a>. 1992. <i>Greek Tragic Theatre.</i> Theatre Production Studies ser. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0415118948" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-11894-8</a>.</li> <li>Rui, Xavier. 1999. <i>Dionysism and Comedy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2000/2000-06-13.html">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">Schlegel, August Wilhelm</a>. 1809. <i>Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/7148">Available as an etext at Project Gutenberg</a>.</li> <li>Speirs, Ronald, trans. 1999. <i>The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings.</i> By <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>. Ed. Raymond Geuss and Ronald Speirs. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy ser. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0521639875" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-63987-5</a>.</li> <li>Symonds, J. A. 1873. <i>Studies of the Greek Poets</i>.</li> <li>Taxidou, Olga. 2004. <i>Tragedy, Modernity and Mourning</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0748619879" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7486-1987-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Williams (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Williams, Raymond</a>. 1966. <i>Modern Tragedy</i>. London: Chatto & Windus. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0701112603" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7011-1260-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tragedies?uselang=eo">Kategorio Tragedio en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li><li class="quote"><a href="https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tragedio" class="extiw" title="q:Tragedio">Tragedio en la <span>Vikicitaro</span></a> (Kolekto de citaĵoj) </li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroinoj_de_la_Grekaj_tragedioj" title="Heroinoj de la Grekaj tragedioj">Heroinoj de la Grekaj tragedioj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_tragedio" title="Helena tragedio">Helena tragedio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katarso" title="Katarso">Katarso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komedio" title="Komedio">Komedio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro" title="Teatro">Teatro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramo" class="mw-disambig" title="Dramo">Dramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greklingva_literaturo" title="Greklingva literaturo">Greklingva literaturo</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&oldid=8484988">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tragedio&oldid=8484988</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kategorioj" title="Specialaĵo:Kategorioj">Kategorio</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Literaturo" title="Kategorio:Literaturo">Literaturo</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kaŝita kategorio: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Pa%C4%9Doj_kiuj_uzas_ISBNajn_magiajn_ligilojn" title="Kategorio:Paĝoj kiuj uzas ISBNajn magiajn ligilojn">Paĝoj kiuj uzas ISBNajn magiajn ligilojn</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 08:54, 3 dec. 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 4.0 Neadaptita</a>; eble aldonaj kondiĉoj aplikeblas. 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