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Emailmaalinguga klaas – Vikipeedia
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Saadaval 6 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enamelled_glass" title="Enamelled glass – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Enamelled glass" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="شیشه میناکاری شده – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیشه میناکاری شده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89maillage_du_verre" title="Émaillage du verre – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Émaillage du verre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetro_smaltato" title="Vetro smaltato – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vetro smaltato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emualittu_st%27oklu" title="Emualittu st'oklu – livviko" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Emualittu st'oklu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livviko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Стемалит – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стемалит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39194659#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Emailmaalinguga_klaas" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arutelu:Emailmaalinguga_klaas&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta (pole veel kirjutatud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">eesti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="vaatamisi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Emailmaalinguga_klaas"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Emailmaalinguga_klaas"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Emailmaalinguga_klaas" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Emailmaalinguga_klaas" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed" title="Erilehekülgede loend [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&oldid=6769873" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&id=6769873&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEmailmaalinguga_klaas"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEmailmaalinguga_klaas"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enamelled_glass" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39194659" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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href="/wiki/Fail:Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg/220px-Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg/330px-Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg/440px-Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="2237" /></a><figcaption>Veneetsia klaaspeeker emailmaalingutega u 1330. aastast, milletaolisi on leitud ka Tartu ja Viljandi arheoloogilises materjalis<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Vase_Herbes_et_Papillons,_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vase_Herbes_et_Papillons%2C_2.jpg/220px-Vase_Herbes_et_Papillons%2C_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vase_Herbes_et_Papillons%2C_2.jpg/330px-Vase_Herbes_et_Papillons%2C_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vase_Herbes_et_Papillons%2C_2.jpg/440px-Vase_Herbes_et_Papillons%2C_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4169" /></a><figcaption>Vaas "Herbes et Papillons" ("Rohi ja liblikad"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Gall%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Gallé (pole veel kirjutatud)">Émile Gallé</a>, u 1879</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Whirlwind_vase_-_Suzanne_Lalique_(38742976635).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Whirlwind_vase_-_Suzanne_Lalique_%2838742976635%29.jpg/220px-Whirlwind_vase_-_Suzanne_Lalique_%2838742976635%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Whirlwind_vase_-_Suzanne_Lalique_%2838742976635%29.jpg/330px-Whirlwind_vase_-_Suzanne_Lalique_%2838742976635%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Whirlwind_vase_-_Suzanne_Lalique_%2838742976635%29.jpg/440px-Whirlwind_vase_-_Suzanne_Lalique_%2838742976635%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzanne_Lalique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzanne Lalique (pole veel kirjutatud)">Suzanne Lalique</a>'i vaas "Tourbillons" ("Keeristorm"), mis oli eksponeeritud Pariisis 1925. aastal</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Emailmaalinguga klaas</b> on <a href="/wiki/Klaas" title="Klaas">klaasi</a> kaunistamise tehnika, mille puhul kantakse pintsli või muu vahendiga klaaseseme pinnale <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> (tavaliselt <a href="/wiki/Sideaine" title="Sideaine">sideainega</a> segatud värviline klaasipulber) ja seejärel põletatakse maalingu klaasile sulatamiseks. Emailmaaling annab kas poolläbipaistvad või läbipaistmatud säravad ja kauakestvaid värvid. Erinevalt enamikust klaaside kaunistamise meetoditest võimaldab see maalingu luua mitme värviga ning on koos klaasi graveerimisega olnud ajalooliselt peamine tehnika, mida kasutatakse klaasile paljude eri kujutiste loomisel. </p><p>Emailmaalinguga klaas on üks paljudest luksuslike klaasesemete valmistamise tehnikatest. <a href="/wiki/Varauusaeg" title="Varauusaeg">Varauusajani</a> esines seda hinnalise dekoratiivkunsti haru igas suuremas pealinnas. <a href="/wiki/Vana-Egiptus" title="Vana-Egiptus">Vana-Egiptuses</a> tehti maalinguga klaasi vähe ja juhuslikult. Kuid seejärel toodeti seda igas mõeldavas mahus <a href="/wiki/Rooma_keisririik" title="Rooma keisririik">Rooma keisririigi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kreeka" title="Kreeka">Kreeka</a>-Rooma käsitöökeskustes, hiljem ka keskaja <a href="/wiki/Egiptus" title="Egiptus">Egiptuses</a> ja <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCria" title="Süüria">Süürias</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4his-Ida" title="Lähis-Ida">Lähis-Idast</a> jõudis klaasi emailmaalingu tehnika keskaegsesse <a href="/wiki/Veneetsia" title="Veneetsia">Veneetsiasse</a>, kust levis üle Euroopa, eriti <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCha_Rooma_Keisririik" class="mw-redirect" title="Püha Rooma Keisririik">Püha Rooma keisririigi</a> aladel. Alates <a href="/wiki/18._sajand" title="18. sajand">18. sajandi</a> keskpaigast jäi tehnika tagaplaanile, kuid tõusis uuesti huviorbiiti <a href="/wiki/19._sajand" title="19. sajand">19. sajandi</a> lõpus Prantsuse klaasimeistrite eestvõttel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pildid">Pildid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Pildid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Pildid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:JarraEgipciaDeCosm%C3%A9ticos_(44383049840)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thutmosis III kosmeetikapurgike, u 1425. aastast eKr"><img alt="Thutmosis III kosmeetikapurgike, u 1425. aastast eKr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/JarraEgipciaDeCosm%C3%A9ticos_%2844383049840%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/65px-JarraEgipciaDeCosm%C3%A9ticos_%2844383049840%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/JarraEgipciaDeCosm%C3%A9ticos_%2844383049840%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/98px-JarraEgipciaDeCosm%C3%A9ticos_%2844383049840%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/JarraEgipciaDeCosm%C3%A9ticos_%2844383049840%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/131px-JarraEgipciaDeCosm%C3%A9ticos_%2844383049840%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="1666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thutmosis_III" title="Thutmosis III">Thutmosis III</a> <a href="/wiki/Kosmeetika" title="Kosmeetika">kosmeetikapurgike</a>, u 1425. aastast eKr</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Cirkusb%C3%A6ger-fra-Varpelev_DO-2608_original_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varpelevist Taanist leitud Rooma tass"><img alt="Varpelevist Taanist leitud Rooma tass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cirkusb%C3%A6ger-fra-Varpelev_DO-2608_original_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Cirkusb%C3%A6ger-fra-Varpelev_DO-2608_original_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cirkusb%C3%A6ger-fra-Varpelev_DO-2608_original_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Cirkusb%C3%A6ger-fra-Varpelev_DO-2608_original_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cirkusb%C3%A6ger-fra-Varpelev_DO-2608_original_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Cirkusb%C3%A6ger-fra-Varpelev_DO-2608_original_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2011" data-file-height="1869" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varpelev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varpelev (pole veel kirjutatud)">Varpelevist</a> <a href="/wiki/Taani" title="Taani">Taanist</a> leitud Rooma tass</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Goblet_Abduction_of_Europa_Begram_Hoard_Guimet_MG21228_n01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karikas Europe röövimise stseeniga. 1. sajand, Begrami aare, Afganistan"><img alt="Karikas Europe röövimise stseeniga. 1. sajand, Begrami aare, Afganistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Abduction_of_Europa_Begram_Hoard_Guimet_MG21228_n01.jpg/80px-Goblet_Abduction_of_Europa_Begram_Hoard_Guimet_MG21228_n01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Abduction_of_Europa_Begram_Hoard_Guimet_MG21228_n01.jpg/120px-Goblet_Abduction_of_Europa_Begram_Hoard_Guimet_MG21228_n01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Abduction_of_Europa_Begram_Hoard_Guimet_MG21228_n01.jpg/160px-Goblet_Abduction_of_Europa_Begram_Hoard_Guimet_MG21228_n01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4303" data-file-height="6445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Karikas <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> röövimise stseeniga. <a href="/wiki/1._sajand" title="1. sajand">1. sajand</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Begrami_aare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Begrami aare (pole veel kirjutatud)">Begrami aare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Syrian_-_Bottle_-_Walters_479.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parfüümipudel Süüriast, u 1250"><img alt="Parfüümipudel Süüriast, u 1250" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Syrian_-_Bottle_-_Walters_479.jpg/90px-Syrian_-_Bottle_-_Walters_479.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Syrian_-_Bottle_-_Walters_479.jpg/134px-Syrian_-_Bottle_-_Walters_479.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Syrian_-_Bottle_-_Walters_479.jpg/179px-Syrian_-_Bottle_-_Walters_479.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B5hna%C3%B5li" title="Lõhnaõli">Parfüümipudel</a> Süüriast, u 1250</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Luck_of_Edenhall_VandA_C.1toB-1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="13. sajandi emailmaalinguga klaaspeeker Süüriast Victoria ja Alberti muuseumis"><img alt="13. sajandi emailmaalinguga klaaspeeker Süüriast Victoria ja Alberti muuseumis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Luck_of_Edenhall_VandA_C.1toB-1959.jpg/80px-Luck_of_Edenhall_VandA_C.1toB-1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Luck_of_Edenhall_VandA_C.1toB-1959.jpg/120px-Luck_of_Edenhall_VandA_C.1toB-1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Luck_of_Edenhall_VandA_C.1toB-1959.jpg/160px-Luck_of_Edenhall_VandA_C.1toB-1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2555" data-file-height="3833" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/13._sajand" title="13. sajand">13. sajandi</a> emailmaalinguga klaas<a href="/wiki/Peeker" title="Peeker">peeker</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCria" title="Süüria">Süüriast</a> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_ja_Alberti_muuseum" title="Victoria ja Alberti muuseum">Victoria ja Alberti muuseumis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Syrian_-_Beaker_-_Walters_4718_-_View_Z_C_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Süüria klaaspeeker palmipuudepüha stseeniga, võib-olla ristisõdijate turule"><img alt="Süüria klaaspeeker palmipuudepüha stseeniga, võib-olla ristisõdijate turule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Syrian_-_Beaker_-_Walters_4718_-_View_Z_C_%28cropped%29.jpg/84px-Syrian_-_Beaker_-_Walters_4718_-_View_Z_C_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Syrian_-_Beaker_-_Walters_4718_-_View_Z_C_%28cropped%29.jpg/126px-Syrian_-_Beaker_-_Walters_4718_-_View_Z_C_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Syrian_-_Beaker_-_Walters_4718_-_View_Z_C_%28cropped%29.jpg/169px-Syrian_-_Beaker_-_Walters_4718_-_View_Z_C_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="1450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Süüria klaaspeeker <a href="/wiki/Palmipuudep%C3%BCha" title="Palmipuudepüha">palmipuudepüha</a> stseeniga, võib-olla <a href="/wiki/Ristis%C3%B5dijate_riigid" title="Ristisõdijate riigid">ristisõdijate</a> turule</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Mosque_Lamp_of_Amir_Qawsun_MET_DP214292_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emiir Quawsuni mošeelamp, Egiptus, u 1329–1335"><img alt="Emiir Quawsuni mošeelamp, Egiptus, u 1329–1335" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mosque_Lamp_of_Amir_Qawsun_MET_DP214292_%28cropped%29.jpg/99px-Mosque_Lamp_of_Amir_Qawsun_MET_DP214292_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mosque_Lamp_of_Amir_Qawsun_MET_DP214292_%28cropped%29.jpg/149px-Mosque_Lamp_of_Amir_Qawsun_MET_DP214292_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mosque_Lamp_of_Amir_Qawsun_MET_DP214292_%28cropped%29.jpg/199px-Mosque_Lamp_of_Amir_Qawsun_MET_DP214292_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2396" data-file-height="2894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Emiir" title="Emiir">Emiir</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quawsun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quawsun (pole veel kirjutatud)">Quawsuni</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mo%C5%A1eelamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mošeelamp (pole veel kirjutatud)">mošeelamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egiptus" title="Egiptus">Egiptus</a>, u 1329–1335</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Glas_Murano_13Jh_makffm_6770.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Veneetsia peeker greifiga, 13. sajandi teine pool"><img alt="Veneetsia peeker greifiga, 13. sajandi teine pool" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Glas_Murano_13Jh_makffm_6770.jpg/91px-Glas_Murano_13Jh_makffm_6770.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Glas_Murano_13Jh_makffm_6770.jpg/137px-Glas_Murano_13Jh_makffm_6770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Glas_Murano_13Jh_makffm_6770.jpg/182px-Glas_Murano_13Jh_makffm_6770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="2356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Veneetsia peeker <a href="/wiki/Greif" title="Greif">greifiga</a>, 13. sajandi teine pool</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Murano,_bicchieri_in_vetro_azzurro_con_annunciazione_o_putti,_1475-1525_ca._(padova,_depositi_sopr._archeologica)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sinisest klaasist peeker putoga, 1475–1525"><img alt="Sinisest klaasist peeker putoga, 1475–1525" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Murano%2C_bicchieri_in_vetro_azzurro_con_annunciazione_o_putti%2C_1475-1525_ca._%28padova%2C_depositi_sopr._archeologica%29_01.jpg/95px-Murano%2C_bicchieri_in_vetro_azzurro_con_annunciazione_o_putti%2C_1475-1525_ca._%28padova%2C_depositi_sopr._archeologica%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Murano%2C_bicchieri_in_vetro_azzurro_con_annunciazione_o_putti%2C_1475-1525_ca._%28padova%2C_depositi_sopr._archeologica%29_01.jpg/142px-Murano%2C_bicchieri_in_vetro_azzurro_con_annunciazione_o_putti%2C_1475-1525_ca._%28padova%2C_depositi_sopr._archeologica%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Murano%2C_bicchieri_in_vetro_azzurro_con_annunciazione_o_putti%2C_1475-1525_ca._%28padova%2C_depositi_sopr._archeologica%29_01.jpg/190px-Murano%2C_bicchieri_in_vetro_azzurro_con_annunciazione_o_putti%2C_1475-1525_ca._%28padova%2C_depositi_sopr._archeologica%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sinisest klaasist peeker <a href="/wiki/Puto" title="Puto">putoga</a>, 1475–1525</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Moulded,_enamelled_and_gilded_decorated_glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Veneetsia karikas, u 1475–1510"><img alt="Veneetsia karikas, u 1475–1510" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Moulded%2C_enamelled_and_gilded_decorated_glass.jpg/64px-Moulded%2C_enamelled_and_gilded_decorated_glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Moulded%2C_enamelled_and_gilded_decorated_glass.jpg/96px-Moulded%2C_enamelled_and_gilded_decorated_glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Moulded%2C_enamelled_and_gilded_decorated_glass.jpg/128px-Moulded%2C_enamelled_and_gilded_decorated_glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="3092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Veneetsia karikas, u 1475–1510</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Vetro_di_murano,_bicchiere,_tardo_15mo_sec.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Murano klaasist peeker, 15. sajandi lõpp"><img alt="Murano klaasist peeker, 15. sajandi lõpp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Vetro_di_murano%2C_bicchiere%2C_tardo_15mo_sec.JPG/81px-Vetro_di_murano%2C_bicchiere%2C_tardo_15mo_sec.JPG" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Vetro_di_murano%2C_bicchiere%2C_tardo_15mo_sec.JPG/122px-Vetro_di_murano%2C_bicchiere%2C_tardo_15mo_sec.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Vetro_di_murano%2C_bicchiere%2C_tardo_15mo_sec.JPG/163px-Vetro_di_murano%2C_bicchiere%2C_tardo_15mo_sec.JPG 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="1389" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Murano klaasist peeker, 15. sajandi lõpp</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:WLA_lacma_Bohemia_beaker_with_Annunciation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Böömimaa stangenglas Maarja kuulutusega, 1592"><img alt="Böömimaa stangenglas Maarja kuulutusega, 1592" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/WLA_lacma_Bohemia_beaker_with_Annunciation.jpg/75px-WLA_lacma_Bohemia_beaker_with_Annunciation.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/WLA_lacma_Bohemia_beaker_with_Annunciation.jpg/113px-WLA_lacma_Bohemia_beaker_with_Annunciation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/WLA_lacma_Bohemia_beaker_with_Annunciation.jpg/151px-WLA_lacma_Bohemia_beaker_with_Annunciation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Böömimaa <i><a href="/wiki/Stangenglas" title="Stangenglas">stangenglas</a></i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maarja_kuulutus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maarja kuulutus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Maarja kuulutusega</a>, 1592</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Apostles_Beaker_and_Cover_(Apostelhumpen)_LACMA_48.24.214a-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saksamaal valmistatud "Apostelhumpen", u 1650"><img alt="Saksamaal valmistatud "Apostelhumpen", u 1650" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Apostles_Beaker_and_Cover_%28Apostelhumpen%29_LACMA_48.24.214a-b.jpg/76px-Apostles_Beaker_and_Cover_%28Apostelhumpen%29_LACMA_48.24.214a-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Apostles_Beaker_and_Cover_%28Apostelhumpen%29_LACMA_48.24.214a-b.jpg/115px-Apostles_Beaker_and_Cover_%28Apostelhumpen%29_LACMA_48.24.214a-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Apostles_Beaker_and_Cover_%28Apostelhumpen%29_LACMA_48.24.214a-b.jpg/153px-Apostles_Beaker_and_Cover_%28Apostelhumpen%29_LACMA_48.24.214a-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saksamaal valmistatud "Apostelhumpen", u 1650</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:WLA_lacma_Central_Germany_mug_with_Arms_Roman_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saksa Rooma keisririigi vapikotkaga "Reichsadlerhumpen", u 1743"><img alt="Saksa Rooma keisririigi vapikotkaga "Reichsadlerhumpen", u 1743" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WLA_lacma_Central_Germany_mug_with_Arms_Roman_Empire.jpg/84px-WLA_lacma_Central_Germany_mug_with_Arms_Roman_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WLA_lacma_Central_Germany_mug_with_Arms_Roman_Empire.jpg/126px-WLA_lacma_Central_Germany_mug_with_Arms_Roman_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WLA_lacma_Central_Germany_mug_with_Arms_Roman_Empire.jpg/168px-WLA_lacma_Central_Germany_mug_with_Arms_Roman_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saksa Rooma keisririigi vapikotkaga "Reichsadlerhumpen", u 1743</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Mug_MET_DP241900_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Böömi kruus 18. sajandist, nn talupojaklaas"><img alt="Böömi kruus 18. sajandist, nn talupojaklaas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mug_MET_DP241900_%28cropped%29.jpg/97px-Mug_MET_DP241900_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mug_MET_DP241900_%28cropped%29.jpg/145px-Mug_MET_DP241900_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mug_MET_DP241900_%28cropped%29.jpg/194px-Mug_MET_DP241900_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2097" data-file-height="2597" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6%C3%B6mi_klaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Böömi klaas (pole veel kirjutatud)">Böömi</a> kruus 18. sajandist, nn talupojaklaas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Dog_chasing_a_rabbit_in_a_landscape_with_dacha_and_hut_MET_ES5167.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="19. sajandi alguse Vene joogiklaas kahekihilisest klaasist, mille vahele on eri materjalidest, sh emailmaalingust, kokku pandud maastik, 1800–1810"><img alt="19. sajandi alguse Vene joogiklaas kahekihilisest klaasist, mille vahele on eri materjalidest, sh emailmaalingust, kokku pandud maastik, 1800–1810" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dog_chasing_a_rabbit_in_a_landscape_with_dacha_and_hut_MET_ES5167.jpg/87px-Dog_chasing_a_rabbit_in_a_landscape_with_dacha_and_hut_MET_ES5167.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dog_chasing_a_rabbit_in_a_landscape_with_dacha_and_hut_MET_ES5167.jpg/131px-Dog_chasing_a_rabbit_in_a_landscape_with_dacha_and_hut_MET_ES5167.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dog_chasing_a_rabbit_in_a_landscape_with_dacha_and_hut_MET_ES5167.jpg/174px-Dog_chasing_a_rabbit_in_a_landscape_with_dacha_and_hut_MET_ES5167.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1948" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">19. sajandi alguse Vene joogiklaas kahekihilisest klaasist, mille vahele on eri materjalidest, sh emailmaalingust, kokku pandud maastik, 1800–1810</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Itaalia karikas 19. sajandist"><img alt="Itaalia karikas 19. sajandist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg/90px-Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg/135px-Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg/180px-Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Itaalia karikas 19. sajandist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Moser_Glass_Pitcher.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moseri morsikann, Böömimaa, u 1880"><img alt="Moseri morsikann, Böömimaa, u 1880" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Moser_Glass_Pitcher.jpg/89px-Moser_Glass_Pitcher.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Moser_Glass_Pitcher.jpg/134px-Moser_Glass_Pitcher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Moser_Glass_Pitcher.jpg/179px-Moser_Glass_Pitcher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1865" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moser (pole veel kirjutatud)">Moseri</a> morsikann, Böömimaa, u 1880 </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emailmaalinguga_klaas&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muuseum.tartu.ee/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Haak_jt_2018_klaasi_koostis.pdf">A. Haak, A. Niilisk, A. Mäesalu, P. Ritslaid, J. Kikas. Tartust leitud 13.–14. sajandi emailmaalingutega klaaspeekrite elementanalüüside tulemustest. - Uurimusi Tartu linnaarheoloogiast / Tartu Linnamuuseum, 2018</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6dfcdd5ff5‐fpmkt Cached time: 20241203230258 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.072 seconds Real time usage: 0.226 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 109/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 148/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21586/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 3.880 1 Mall:Viited 100.00% 3.880 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:680408:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241203230258 and revision id 6769873. 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