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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-后续工作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#后续工作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>后续工作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-后续工作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-世界各国或地区的实际应用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世界各国或地区的实际应用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>世界各国或地区的实际应用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-世界各国或地区的实际应用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关世界各国或地区的实际应用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-世界各国或地区的实际应用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中国大陆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国大陆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>中国大陆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中国大陆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中国香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>中国香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中国香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中華民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>中華民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-环境评估" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#环境评估"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>环境评估</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-环境评估-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-内容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#内容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>内容</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-内容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳大利亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳大利亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>澳大利亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳大利亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-泰國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#泰國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>泰國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-泰國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-跨境申请" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#跨境申请"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>跨境申请</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-跨境申请-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">环境影响评价</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。40种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluaci%C3%B3n_d%27impacto_ambiental" title="Evaluación d'impacto ambiental – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Evaluación d'impacto ambiental" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यावरण प्रभाव आकलन – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पर्यावरण प्रभाव आकलन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="تقييم الأثر البيئي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقييم الأثر البيئي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Ftraf_m%C3%BChit%C9%99_t%C9%99sirin_qiym%C9%99tl%C9%99ndirilm%C9%99si" title="Ətraf mühitə təsirin qiymətləndirilməsi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ətraf mühitə təsirin qiymətləndirilməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यावरणी परभाव आँकलन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पर्यावरणी परभाव आँकलन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaluaci%C3%B3_d%27impacte_ambiental" title="Avaluació d'impacte ambiental – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Avaluació d'impacte ambiental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyhodnocen%C3%AD_vliv%C5%AF_na_%C5%BEivotn%C3%AD_prost%C5%99ed%C3%AD" title="Vyhodnocení vlivů na životní prostředí – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vyhodnocení vlivů na životní prostředí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asesiad_effaith_amgylcheddol" title="Asesiad effaith amgylcheddol – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asesiad effaith amgylcheddol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVM-redeg%C3%B8relse" title="VVM-redegørelse – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="VVM-redegørelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umweltvertr%C3%A4glichkeitspr%C3%BCfung" title="Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Environmental impact assessment" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluaci%C3%B3n_de_impacto_ambiental" title="Evaluación de impacto ambiental – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evaluación de impacto ambiental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskkonnam%C3%B5ju_hindamine" title="Keskkonnamõju hindamine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keskkonnamõju hindamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="ارزیابی پیامد زیست‌محیطی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارزیابی پیامد زیست‌محیطی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6vaikutusten_arviointimenettely" title="Ympäristövaikutusten arviointimenettely – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ympäristövaikutusten arviointimenettely" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tude_d%27impact" title="Étude d'impact – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Étude d'impact" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaliaci%C3%B3n_de_impacto_ambiental" title="Avaliación de impacto ambiental – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Avaliación de impacto ambiental" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Շրջակա միջավայրի վրա ազդեցության գնահատում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շրջակա միջավայրի վրա ազդեցության գնահատում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisis_dampak_lingkungan" title="Analisis dampak lingkungan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Analisis dampak lingkungan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_%C3%A1_umhverfis%C3%A1hrifum" title="Mat á umhverfisáhrifum – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mat á umhverfisáhrifum" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valutazione_di_impatto_ambientale" title="Valutazione di impatto ambientale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valutazione di impatto ambientale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="環境アセスメント – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="環境アセスメント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5_%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80" title="환경 영향 평가 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="환경 영향 평가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poveikio_aplinkai_vertinimas" title="Poveikio aplinkai vertinimas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Poveikio aplinkai vertinimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പാരിസ്ഥിതിക ആഘാത നിർണ്ണയം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാരിസ്ഥിതിക ആഘാത നിർണ്ണയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Байгаль орчны үнэлгээ – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Байгаль орчны үнэлгээ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milieueffectrapportage" title="Milieueffectrapportage – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Milieueffectrapportage" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocena_oddzia%C5%82ywania_na_%C5%9Brodowisko" title="Ocena oddziaływania na środowisko – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ocena oddziaływania na środowisko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Impacto_Ambiental" title="Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Оценка воздействия на окружающую среду – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оценка воздействия на окружающую среду" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posudzovanie_vplyvov_na_%C5%BEivotn%C3%A9_prostredie" title="Posudzovanie vplyvov na životné prostredie – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Posudzovanie vplyvov na životné prostredie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Процена утицаја на животну средину – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Процена утицаја на животну средину" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milj%C3%B6konsekvensbeskrivning" title="Miljökonsekvensbeskrivning – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Miljökonsekvensbeskrivning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA" title="EIA – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="EIA" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="சூழல் தாக்க மதிப்பாய்வு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூழல் தாக்க மதிப்பாய்வு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="การประเมินผลกระทบสิ่งแวดล้อม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การประเมินผลกระทบสิ่งแวดล้อม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagtaya_sa_epekto_sa_kalikasan" title="Pagtaya sa epekto sa kalikasan – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagtaya sa epekto sa kalikasan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87evresel_etki_de%C4%9Ferlendirmesi" title="Çevresel etki değerlendirmesi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çevresel etki değerlendirmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Оцінка впливу на довкілля – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оцінка впливу на довкілля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A1nh_gi%C3%A1_t%C3%A1c_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_m%C3%B4i_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Đánh giá tác động môi trường – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đánh giá tác động môi trường" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320389#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li 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.ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Rough_translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="翻譯標記"><img alt="翻譯標記" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>环境影响评估</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</span>，<b>EIA</b>），是在决定是否继续拟议行动之前，对计划、政策、方案或实际项目的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="环境问题">环境后果</a>进行评估。在这一背景下，当应用于个人或公司的实际项目时，通常使用“环境影响评估”这一术语；而当应用于国家机关最常提出的政策、计划和方案时，则使用“<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="战略环境评估" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Strategic environmental assessment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="战略环境评估（页面不存在）">战略环境评估</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_environmental_assessment" class="extiw" title="en:Strategic environmental assessment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Strategic environmental assessment</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>”（SEA）这一术语<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。环境评估是<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="环境管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental management system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="环境管理">环境管理</a></span></span>的一个工具，是项目批准和决策过程的一部分<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。环境评估可能受到有关公众参与和决策记录的行政程序规则的管控，并可能受到司法审查。 </p><p>评估的目的是确保决策者在决定是否继续一个项目时考虑环境影响。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际影响评估协会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Association for Impact Assessment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际影响评估协会（页面不存在）">国际影响评估协会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Impact_Assessment" class="extiw" title="en:International Association for Impact Assessment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Association for Impact Assessment</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（IAIA）将环境影响评估定义为“在作出重大决策和承诺之前，识别、预测、评价和减轻发展提案的生物物理、社会和其他相关影响的过程”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。环境影响评估的独特之处在于，它们不要求坚持预定的环境结果，而是要求决策者在其决策中考虑环境价值，并在详细的环境研究和公众对潜在环境影响的评论的基础上，对这些决策进行理由说明<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>环境影响评估起始于1960年代，作为<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="环境保护主义">环境意识</a>增强的一部分。EIA旨在估算拟议的发展或建设项目的影响。EIA提供旨在促进更客观决策的技术评估。在美国，EIA在1969年获得正式地位，随着《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国家环境政策法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National Environmental Policy Act"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家环境政策法（页面不存在）">国家环境政策法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" class="extiw" title="en:National Environmental Policy Act"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National Environmental Policy Act</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>》（NEPA）的实施。环境影响评估在全球范围内的使用日益增加。每年提交的环境评估数量“已大大超过了更为严格的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="环境影响报告">环境影响报告</a>（EIS）的数量。”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>环境评估是一个“迷你环境影响报告（EIS）”，旨在提供足够的信息，以便机构决定是否需要准备一个全面的环境影响报告（EIS）<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方法"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>包括以下通用和特定行业的评估方法： </p> <ul><li>工业产品 - 产品环境<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0" title="生命週期評估">生命周期分析</a>（LCA）用于识别和测量工业产品对环境的影响。这些环境影响评估考虑与原材料的提取、辅助材料、设备；生产、使用、处置及辅助设备相关的活动。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>转基因植物 - 执行<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BD%93" title="遗传修饰生物体">转基因生物体</a>环境影响评估的特定方法包括GMP-RAM和INOVA<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%B3%8A%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="模糊逻辑">模糊逻辑</a> - 环境影响评估方法需要测量数据来估算影响指标的值。然而，许多环境影响无法量化，例如景观质量、生活方式质量和社会接受度。相反，使用来自类似环境影响评估的信息、专家判断和社区情绪。称为模糊逻辑的近似推理方法可以被使用<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。也提出了一种模糊算术方法<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，并使用软件工具（TDEIA）实施<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="后续工作"><span id=".E5.90.8E.E7.BB.AD.E5.B7.A5.E4.BD.9C"></span>后续工作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：后续工作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年2月29日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>项目结束时，通过将实际影响与预测影响进行比较，审计评估EIA的准确性。目的是使未来的EIA更加有效和有效。两个主要考虑因素是： </p> <ul><li>科学性 - 检查预测的准确性并解释错误。</li></ul> <ul><li>管理性 - 评估减轻措施在减少影响方面的成功程度。</li></ul> <p>审计可以作为对<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE" title="零假设">零假设</a>的严格评估进行，也可以采用更简单的方法，将实际发生的情况与EIA文件中的预测进行比较。 </p><p>在进行EIA之后，可以应用<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="预防原则">预防原则</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E8%80%85%E8%87%AA%E4%BB%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="污染者自付原則">污染者支付原则</a>，根据预测的危害决定是拒绝、修改项目，或要求<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%BF%87%E9%94%99%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB" title="无过错责任">严格的责任</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保险">保险</a>覆盖。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水电可持续性评估协议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%80%A7%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水电可持续性评估协议（页面不存在）">水电可持续性评估协议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower_Sustainability_Assessment_Protocol" class="extiw" title="en:Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>是一种针对性的方法，用于检查环境和社会评估及管理计划的质量。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="世界各国或地区的实际应用"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.90.84.E5.9B.BD.E6.88.96.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9E.E9.99.85.E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8"></span>世界各国或地区的实际应用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：世界各国或地区的实际应用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b>需要提供<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">更多來源</a></b>，否則內容可能<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年2月29日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中国大陆"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.86"></span>中国大陆</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：中国大陆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:中华人民共和国环境影响评价法">中华人民共和国环境影响评价法</a>》要求在项目建设前完成环境影响评估。然而，如果开发商完全忽视这一要求，并在未提交<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="环境影响报告">环境影响报告</a>的情况下建设项目，唯一的处罚是环保局（EPB）可能要求开发商进行补救环境评估。如果开发商在指定时间内未完成这一补救评估，环保局才有权对开发商进行罚款。即便如此，可能的罚款也被限制在最高约25,000美元，这只是大多数重大项目总成本的一小部分。缺乏更严格的执法机制导致相当比例的项目在建设前未完成法律要求的环境影响评估。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国生态环境部">中华人民共和国生态环境部</a>利用该立法在2004年暂停了30个项目，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1" title="长江三峡">三峡</a>工程公司下的三座水电站。尽管一个月后（美国重大项目EIA需要一到两年时间），这30个被暂停的项目中的大多数恢复了建设，据报道已通过环境评估，但这些关键项目的建设曾经被暂停的事实是值得注意的。 </p><p>2004年，生态环境部和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国国土资源部">国土资源部</a>的联合调查显示，30-40%的采矿建设项目按要求进行了环境影响评估，而在某些地区只有6-7%的项目做到了这一点。这在一定程度上解释了为什么中国近年来发生了这么多采矿事故。 </p><p>仅靠生态环境部无法保证环境法律和规章的全面执行，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="中国政法大学">中国政法大学</a>污染受害者法律援助中心主任<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="王灿发" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wang Canfa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E7%81%BF%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="王灿发（页面不存在）">王灿发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Canfa" class="extiw" title="en:Wang Canfa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wang Canfa</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>教授观察到。实际上，据王教授所说，中国环境法律和规章实际执行的比率估计仅为10%。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中国香港"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>中国香港</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：中国香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在香港，环境影响评估由1997年的《环境影响评估条例》规范，该条例于1998年生效。 </p><p>最初提出的在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%B1%E5%8E%9F" title="塱原">塱原</a>过境构建落<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E9%A9%AC%E6%B4%B2%E6%94%AF%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="落马洲支线">落马洲支线</a>地面铁路的计划未能通过环境影响评估，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%BB%A3%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="九廣鐵路公司">九广铁路公司</a>不得不改变计划，将铁路建设为地下铁路。2011年4月，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E7%8F%A0%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="港珠澳大桥">港珠澳大桥</a>香港段的环境影响评估被发现违反了条例，被宣布为非法。政府的上诉在2011年9月被允许。然而，估计这个环境影响评估法庭案件使港珠澳大桥香港段的建设成本增加了65亿港元（当日价格）。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中華民國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span>中華民國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：中華民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="行政院環境保護署">行政院環境保護署</a>所記載，「基於國家長期發展利益，環境保護與經濟發展應兼籌並顧，於1994年公布《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境影響評估法（页面不存在）">環境影響評估法</a>》，並規定各種開發行為，在規劃階段應同時考量環境因素，不合乎規定者，不得開發，以達永續發展之目標。」爾後亦陸續增修該法條文，而最近一次的修法於民國91年修訂，因此在臺灣的公共建設中，環境影響評估對於工程的進度快慢佔有很大的因素，對中小企業的管制比較寬鬆所以影響比較小。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《1969年国家环境政策法案》（NEPA）于1970年实施，为联邦机构行动、联邦资助的活动或在美国被称为“环境审查”或简称“NEPA过程”的联邦许可/授权活动建立了环境影响评估政策<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该法还创立了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环境质量委员会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Council on Environmental Quality"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环境质量委员会（页面不存在）">环境质量委员会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" class="extiw" title="en:Council on Environmental Quality"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Council on Environmental Quality</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，该委员会颁布了规章制度，以对该法的要求进行编码<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国环境法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United States environmental law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国环境法（页面不存在）">美国环境法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_environmental_law" class="extiw" title="en:United States environmental law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United States environmental law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，编制环境评估（EA）是为了确定是否需要环境影响报告（EIS）。预计会受到或可能导致重大环境影响的联邦或联邦化行动，一旦知道影响的重要性，就会发布准备编制EIS的意向通知。某些联邦机构的行动必须先经过NEPA过程。与广泛的误解相反，NEPA并不禁止联邦政府或其许可证持有者/许可人损害环境，也不规定如果环境影响评估结果不准确（无论是有意的还是无意的）会有任何处罚。NEPA要求提前披露对潜在影响的合理陈述。NEPA过程的目的是确保决策者在做出最终决定之前充分了解环境方面和后果。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="环境评估"><span id=".E7.8E.AF.E5.A2.83.E8.AF.84.E4.BC.B0"></span>环境评估</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：环境评估"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>环境评估（EA）是根据《国家环境政策法》（NEPA）准备的环境分析，旨在确定联邦行动是否会对环境产生重大影响，因而需要更详细的环境影响报告（EIS）。环境评估的认证发布结果可能是发现无重大影响（FONSI）或需要进行EIS。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>负责NEPA行政管理的环境质量委员会（CEQ）在1979年发布了实施NEPA的规定。Eccleston报告称，NEPA规定几乎没有提到EA的准备工作。这是因为EA原本打算作为一种简单的文件，在相对罕见的情况下使用，即当一个机构不确定一个行动的潜在重要性是否足以触发准备EIS时。但今天，因为EIS的准备工作要长得多、也复杂得多，联邦机构正在尽力避免准备EIS，通过使用EA，即使在可能不适当使用EA的情况下也是如此。发出的EA与EIS的比率约为100比1。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2020年7月，<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="唐纳德·特朗普">唐纳德·特朗普</a>总统采取行动大幅削弱NEPA。CEQ发布了一项最终规则，将EA的持续时间限制为1年，EIS的持续时间限制为2年。该规则还完全免除了许多项目的审查，并阻止考虑累积环境影响，包括那些由气候变化引起的影响。该规则于2020年9月14日生效，是自1978年CEQ规章制度颁布以来的首次更新。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="内容"><span id=".E5.86.85.E5.AE.B9"></span>内容</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：内容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>环境评估（EA）是由联邦行动机构准备的一份简明的公共文件，其目的是： </p> <ul><li>简要提供足够的证据和分析，以确定是否准备环境影响报告（EIS）或发现无重大影响（FONSI）。</li></ul> <ul><li>当不需要EIS时，展示与该法案的合规性。</li></ul> <ul><li>当无法展示FONSI时，促进EIS的准备。</li></ul> <p>环境评估包括对提案及其替代方案的目的和需求的简要讨论，如NEPA 102(2)(E)所要求，以及由于提议行动及认为可行的替代方案产生和发生的人类环境影响的讨论，加上进行研究和咨询的机构及利益相关者的列表，以达到这些结论。行动机构必须在EA对公众可用之前批准它。EA通过本地、州或区域清理机构的可用性通知公开，通常由在提议活动区域的普遍发行的报纸上购买公告广告触发。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="澳大利亚"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E5.A4.A7.E5.88.A9.E4.BA.9A"></span>澳大利亚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：澳大利亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在澳大利亚，环境影响评估（EIA）的历史可以追溯到1970年美国《国家环境政策法》（NEPA）的制定，该法要求准备环境影响报告。在澳大利亚，可以说，在联邦（即联邦）之前，EIA程序首先在州一级引入，大多数州对联邦的观点持有不同意见。其中一个先驱州是新南威尔士州，其州污染控制委员会在1974年发布了EIA指南。在联邦（即联邦）一级，这随后通过了1974年的《环境保护（提议的影响）法案》（Cth）。1999年的《环境保护与生物多样性保护法》（Cth）（EPBC法案）取代了1974年的《环境保护（提议的影响）法案》（Cth），是澳大利亚在联邦（即联邦）一级上EIA的当前核心法案。值得注意的一点是，这项联邦立法并未取代州或领地环境和发展评估及批准的有效性；相反，EPBC法案与州/领地系统并行运行<sup id="cite_ref-Elliott_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elliott-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。联邦和州要求之间的重叠通过双边协议或一次性认证州程序来解决，如EPBC法案所提供。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E8%B7%A8%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北九州跨海大桥（页面不存在）">北九州跨海大桥</a>原设计为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%BC%E6%A8%91%E6%A9%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋼樑橋（页面不存在）">钢梁结构</a>，但当地居民和地方政府认为影响海滨公园的景观，最后改为<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E7%B4%A2%E6%A9%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="懸索橋">悬索结构</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="泰國"><span id=".E6.B3.B0.E5.9C.8B"></span>泰國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：泰國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自从1981年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a>政府颁布了第一个强制性环评要求。目前，根据1992年泰国国家环境增强和保护质量法案第46条条例，泰国国家环境局的自然资源环境部（NEB）负责并具有对泰国EIA批准的最终通过和解释权。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="跨境申请"><span id=".E8.B7.A8.E5.A2.83.E7.94.B3.E8.AF.B7"></span>跨境申请</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：跨境申请"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>环境威胁不尊重国界。国际污染可能对大气、海洋、河流、地下水、农田、天气和生物多样性产生不利影响。全球气候变化是跨国的。具体的污染威胁包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨">酸雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="放射性污染">放射性污染</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="太空垃圾">外层空间碎片</a>、平流层<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="臭氧层空洞">臭氧消耗</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E6%B3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="油外泄">有毒油溢</a>。1986年4月26日因<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="核事故">核事故</a>引发的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%88%A9%E6%A0%B8%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="切尔诺贝利核事故">切尔诺贝利灾难</a>，是跨界核污染造成毁灭性影响的鲜明提醒。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>环境保护本质上是一个跨境问题，导致通过多边和双边条约创建了跨国规制。1972年在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a>举行的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国人类环境会议">联合国人类环境会议</a>（UNCHE或斯德哥尔摩会议）和1992年在<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%BA%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A2" title="里约热内卢">里约热内卢</a>举行的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国环境与发展会议">联合国环境与发展会议</a>（UNCED或里约峰会、里约会议或地球峰会）在创建约1000个包含至少一些环境及其保护条款的国际文书中起了关键作用<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="联合国欧洲经济委员会">联合国欧洲经济委员会</a>的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跨界环境影响评价公约" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A8%E7%95%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跨界环境影响评价公约（页面不存在）">跨界环境影响评价公约</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_Environmental_Impact_Assessment_in_a_Transboundary_Context" class="extiw" title="en:Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>》经谈判达成，以提供跨界环境影响评估的国际法律框架<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>然而，由于没有一个具有全面授权的普遍立法机构或行政机构，大多数国际条约相互平行存在，并在未考虑与其他协议潜在冲突的好处下进一步发展。还存在国际执法问题。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这导致了重复和失败，部分原因是无法执行协议。一个例子是许多国际渔业制度未能限制捕捞实践的失败。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">MacKinnon, A. J.; Duinker, P. N.; Walker, T. R. The Application of Science in Environmental Impact Assessment. Routledge. 2018. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780367340193" title="Special:网络书源/9780367340193"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780367340193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&rft.au=Duinker%2C+P.+N.&rft.au=Walker%2C+T.+R.&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.btitle=The+Application+of+Science+in+Environmental+Impact+Assessment&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780367340193&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Eccleston, Charles H. Chapter 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Environmental-Impact-Assessment-Professional-Practices/dp/1439828733/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1486945778&sr=8-2&keywords=charles+eccleston">Environmental Impact Assessment: A Guide to Best Professional Practices</a> 1st edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2011 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-02-28</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4398-2873-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4398-2873-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4398-2873-1</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212170712/https://www.amazon.com/Environmental-Impact-Assessment-Professional-Practices/dp/1439828733/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1486945778&sr=8-2&keywords=charles+eccleston">存档</a>于2020-02-12） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&rft.atitle=Chapter+5&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rft.aulast=Eccleston&rft.btitle=Environmental+Impact+Assessment%3A+A+Guide+to+Best+Professional+Practices&rft.date=2011&rft.edition=1st+edition&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-4398-2873-1&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FEnvironmental-Impact-Assessment-Professional-Practices%2Fdp%2F1439828733%2Fref%3Dsr_1_2%3Fie%3DUTF8%26qid%3D1486945778%26sr%3D8-2%26keywords%3Dcharles%2Beccleston&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Caves, R. W. Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. 2004: 227.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft.aulast=Caves&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+City&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507084339/http://www.iaia.org/publicdocuments/special-publications/Principles%20of%20IA_web.pdf">Principle of Environmental Impact Assessment Best Practice</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 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(2009), "Environment Impact Assessment in Australia: Theory and Practice, 5th Edn, Federation Press, Sydney"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sands, P., (1989), The Environment, Community and International Law, Harvard International Law Lournal, 393, p402</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiss, E., (1999), Understanding Compliance with International Environmental Agreements: The Bakers Dozen Myths, Univ Richmond L.R. 32, 1555</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unece.org/env/eia/welcome.html">Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo, 1991)</a>. Unece.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-01-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126142541/http://www.unece.org/env/eia/welcome.html">存档</a>于2013-01-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&rft.btitle=Convention+on+Environmental+Impact+Assessment+in+a+Transboundary+Context+%28Espoo%2C+1991%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Unece.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unece.org%2Fenv%2Feia%2Fwelcome.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfrum, R., & Matz, N., (2003), Conflicts in International Environmental Law, Max-Planck-Institut für Ausländisches Öffentliches Recht und Völkerrech</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, O., (1999), The Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes, <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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title="地區">區域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA" title="区位论">区位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA" title="市区">市区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9F%9F" title="市域">市域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="市中心">市中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA" title="中央商务区">中央商务区</a>（CBD）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E5%8D%80" title="郊區">郊區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E9%83%8A" title="遠郊">遠郊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%88%90%E5%8C%BA" title="建成区">建成区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E9%9B%86%E8%81%9A%E5%8C%BA" title="城市集聚区">城市集聚区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="人口集中地區">人口集中地區</a><sup>（日）</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E5%8C%BA" title="城市规划区">城市规划区</a><sup>（<abbr title="中国大陆">陆</abbr>）</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E5%8C%BA" title="城市边缘区">城市边缘区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E4%B9%A1%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E9%83%A8" title="城乡结合部">城鄉結合部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88" title="都市圈">都市圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%B8%B6" title="大都市帶">大都市帶</a>（城市群）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%95%87%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" title="城镇体系">城镇体系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" title="城市化">城市化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" title="郊区城市化">郊区城市化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" title="逆城市化">逆城市化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" title="再城市化">再城市化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%93%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="同心圓模式">同心圓模式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%87%E5%BD%A2%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="扇形模式">扇形模式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="多核心模式">多核心模式</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haga_vy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Haga_vy.jpg/150px-Haga_vy.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Haga_vy.jpg/225px-Haga_vy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Haga_vy.jpg/300px-Haga_vy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1742" data-file-height="2446" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要分支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="城市规划">城市规划</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地利用规划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land-use planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地利用规划（页面不存在）">土地利用规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land-use_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Land-use planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land-use planning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%88%86%E5%8D%80" title="土地使用分區">土地使用分區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95" title="單一用途發展">单一功能开发</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" title="混合用途开发">混合用途开发</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%80%A7%E8%AF%A6%E7%BB%86%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="控制性详细规划">控制性详细规划</a><sup>（<abbr title="中国大陆">陆</abbr>）</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="城市设计">城市設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B7%E5%9C%B0%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="敷地計畫">场地规划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="智慧城市">智慧城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E7%BC%A9%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="收缩城市">收缩城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%80%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0" title="市區更新">城市更新</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="环境规划">环境规划</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="環境設計">環境設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%AD%E6%9E%97%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="园林设计">园林设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="景觀設計">景觀設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="都市開放空間">都市開放空間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%BB%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="城市绿地">城市绿地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">环境影响评价</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%89%BF%E8%BD%BD%E5%8A%9B" title="城市承载力">城市承载力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="生态城市">生态城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="可持续发展">可持续发展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" title="低影响开发">低影响开发</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%BB%B5%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="海绵城市">海绵城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A7%E6%80%A7%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="韧性城市">韌性城市</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="交通规划">交通规划</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="公共交通">公共交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%AF%BC%E5%90%91%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" title="公共交通导向型开发">公共交通导向型开发</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%9B%96%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" title="上盖开发">上盖开发</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="生活化道路">生活化道路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%AF%A7%E9%9D%9C%E5%8C%96" title="交通寧靜化">交通寧靜化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="共享空間">共享空間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93" title="完整街道">完整街道</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="区域规划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regional planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="区域规划（页面不存在）">区域规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Regional planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regional planning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="中心地理論">中心地理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF%E6%9E%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="增长极理论">增长极理论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83-%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核心-边缘理论（页面不存在）">核心-边缘理论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%82%B9%E8%BD%B4%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="点轴理论（页面不存在）">点轴理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%95%87%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7" title="城镇等级">城镇等级</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%95%87%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" title="城镇体系">城镇体系</a></li> <li>各地<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83" title="空間規劃">空間規劃</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="国土空间规划">国土空间规划</a><sup>（<abbr title="中国大陆">陆</abbr>）</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="國土形成計畫">國土形成計畫</a><sup>（日）</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E4%B8%89%E6%B3%95" title="國土三法">國土三法</a><sup>（臺）</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">规划理念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E5%9B%AD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="田园城市理论">田园城市理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E5%BD%A2%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="线形城市">线形城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="城市美化运动">城市美化运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/300%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="300万人口的现代城市">300万人口的现代城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="邻里单位">邻里单位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%BE%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="光辉城市">光辉城市</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0" title="雅典憲章">雅典宪章</a>》</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新城运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New towns movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新城运动（页面不存在）">新城运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_movement" class="extiw" title="en:New towns movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New towns movement</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%BA%A9%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="广亩城市">广亩城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%96%8F%E6%95%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="有机疏散理论">有机疏散理论</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%BB%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%9F" title="美国大城市的死与生">美国大城市的死与生</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%98%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="马丘比丘宪章">马丘比丘宪章</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A7%E5%87%91%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="紧凑城市">紧凑城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="15分鐘城市">15分鐘城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新都市主義">新都市主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%92%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新徒步主义">新徒步主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E9%A1%9E%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="Category:各類城市">各類城市</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="全球城市">全球城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="巨型都市">超大城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="门户城市">门户城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="复合城市">組合城市</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E5%9B%A2%E5%BC%8F%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%BE%A4" title="组团式城市群">组团式城市群</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="边缘城市">边缘城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="衛星城市">衛星城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="新市鎮">新市鎮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="公司市鎮">公司市鎮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E5%9E%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="放射型城市">放射型城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E5%9F%8E" title="睡城">睡城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%9F%8E" title="雙城">雙城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E7%BC%A9%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="收缩城市">收缩城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%9F%8E" title="大學城">大學城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%92%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" class="mw-disambig" title="學園都市">學園都市</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="城市问题" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="都市問題"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="城市问题（页面不存在）">城市问题</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:都市問題"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">都市問題</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%94%93%E5%BB%B6" title="城市蔓延">城市蔓延</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E6%B0%91%E7%AA%9F" title="貧民窟">貧民窟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%85%E5%A3%AB%E5%8C%96" title="绅士化">绅士化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E8%A1%B0%E9%80%80" title="都市衰退">都市衰退</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8F%E9%A2%A8%E6%A8%93" title="屏風樓">屏風樓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%9B%E5%B0%BE%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="爛尾建築">爛尾建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E9%8E%AE" title="鬼鎮">鬼城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E9%83%BD" title="隔都">隔都</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9D%91%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%81" title="農村人口外流">農村人口外流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%A0%B5%E5%A1%9E" title="交通堵塞">交通堵塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染">环境污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%BE%87" title="內澇">內澇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B3%B6%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="熱島效應">熱島效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E4%BE%9D%E8%B3%B4" title="汽車依賴">汽車依賴</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">量化指標</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E7%A7%AF%E7%8E%87" title="容积率">容积率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E8%94%BD%E7%8E%87" title="建蔽率">建筑密度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E9%97%B4%E8%B7%9D" title="建筑间距">建筑间距</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%8E%87" title="绿地率">绿地率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%95%87%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3" title="城镇化水平">城镇化水平</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96%E7%8E%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区城市化率列表">各国城市化比率</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E8%A6%81%E5%9E%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="首要型都市">首位度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="城市人口密度">城市人口密度</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理論家<br />從業者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%B0%BC" title="安德鲁·杜安尼">安德鲁·杜安尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C" title="科拉伦斯·佩里">科拉伦斯·佩里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%9D%8E%E5%8D%97_(%E5%9F%8E%E9%95%87%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E5%B8%88)" title="科林·布坎南 (城镇规划师)">科林·布坎南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3%E5%A7%86" title="丹尼尔·伯纳姆">丹尼尔·伯纳姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7" title="埃比尼泽·霍华德">埃比尼泽·霍华德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃德蒙·N·培根" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edmund Bacon (architect)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7N%C2%B7%E5%9F%B9%E6%A0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃德蒙·N·培根（页面不存在）">埃德蒙·N·培根</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bacon_(architect)" class="extiw" title="en:Edmund Bacon (architect)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edmund Bacon (architect)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纪·班佛尼斯特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guy Benveniste"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%AA%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E4%BD%9B%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纪·班佛尼斯特（页面不存在）">纪·班佛尼斯特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Benveniste" class="extiw" title="en:Guy Benveniste"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guy Benveniste</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%C2%B7%E7%91%AA%E5%93%88" title="英·瑪哈">英·瑪哈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%87_(%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E5%B8%88)" title="凯文·林奇 (城市规划师)">凯文·林奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%B8%83%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6" title="勒·柯布西耶">勒·柯布西耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E7%B4%A2%E6%99%AE" title="彼得·卡尔索普">彼得·卡尔索普</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF" title="帕特里克·格迪斯">帕特里克·格迪斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷蒙德·昂温" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Raymond Unwin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%98%82%E6%B8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷蒙德·昂温（页面不存在）">雷蒙德·昂温</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Unwin" class="extiw" title="en:Raymond Unwin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Raymond Unwin</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E5%BE%92%E9%9D%99%E4%BB%AA" title="司徒静仪">司徒静仪</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">批評家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="简·雅各布斯">简·雅各布斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詹姆斯·霍华德·孔斯特勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James Howard Kunstler"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%AD%94%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·霍华德·孔斯特勒（页面不存在）">詹姆斯·霍华德·孔斯特勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Howard_Kunstler" class="extiw" title="en:James Howard Kunstler"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James Howard Kunstler</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8A%92%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7" title="劉易斯·芒福德">劉易斯·芒福德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="兰德尔·奥图尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Randal O'Toole"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兰德尔·奥图尔（页面不存在）">兰德尔·奥图尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_O%27Toole" class="extiw" title="en:Randal O'Toole"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Randal O'Toole</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關学科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地理學">地理學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="城市地理学">城市地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人文地理学">人文地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%AD%A6" title="建筑学">建筑学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%95%E7%94%A2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="不動產開發">地产开发</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地开发" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地开发（页面不存在）">土地开发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development" class="extiw" title="en:Land development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land development</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海洋空间规划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marine spatial planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海洋空间规划（页面不存在）">海洋空间规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_spatial_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Marine spatial planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marine spatial planning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="都市工程學">市政工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="都市社會學">都市社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="都市生態學">都市生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="都市人類學">都市人類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%BE%A4%E5%B1%85%E5%AD%A6" title="人类群居学">人类群居学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="城市经济学">城市经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="发展经济学">发展经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口学">人口学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="公共政策">公共政策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学">社会科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="景观生态学">景观生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="风水">风水学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="景觀設計">风景园林学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B2" title="城市史">城市史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="近现代城市规划理论与实践列表">近现代城市规划理论与实践列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B2" title="城市史">城市史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="城市规划史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of urban planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="城市规划史（页面不存在）">城市规划史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_urban_planning" class="extiw" title="en:History of urban planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of urban planning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83%E5%B8%AB" title="城市規劃師">城市规划师</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">规划實例</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0" title="巴黎改造">巴黎改造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="大上海都市计划">大上海都市计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="臺灣日治時期都市計畫">臺灣市區改正</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="天津城市规划">天津城市规划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="香港新市鎮">香港新市鎮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%80" title="粵港澳大灣區">粵港澳大灣區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%B4%A5%E5%86%80%E5%8D%8F%E5%90%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="京津冀协同发展">京津冀协同发展</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="環境科技" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Template:環境科技"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Template talk:環境科技"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:環境科技"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="環境科技" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="環境科技">環境科技</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一般</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="适用技术">适用技术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清潔技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%BD%94%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清潔技術（页面不存在）">清潔技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Clean technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氣候智能型農業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate smart agriculture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%9E%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣候智能型農業（页面不存在）">氣候智能型農業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_smart_agriculture" class="extiw" title="en:Climate smart agriculture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate smart agriculture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">环境影响评价</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生態環境創新" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eco-innovation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態環境創新（页面不存在）">生態環境創新</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-innovation" class="extiw" title="en:Eco-innovation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eco-innovation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生態技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ecotechnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態技術（页面不存在）">生態技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:Ecotechnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ecotechnology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="电动载具">电动载具</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源回收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy recycling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源回收（页面不存在）">能源回收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_recycling" class="extiw" title="en:Energy recycling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy recycling</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="環境設計">環境設計</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境影響設計" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental impact design"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境影響設計（页面不存在）">環境影響設計</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_design" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental impact design"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental impact design</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="綠色汽車">綠色汽車</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="健康社區設計" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Healthy community design"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="健康社區設計（页面不存在）">健康社區設計</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy_community_design" class="extiw" title="en:Healthy community design"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Healthy community design</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公益設計" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Public interest design"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公益設計（页面不存在）">公益設計</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_interest_design" class="extiw" title="en:Public interest design"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Public interest design</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="永續性">永續性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永續性科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainability science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永續性科學（页面不存在）">永續性科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_science" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainability science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainability science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li>永續性 (<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="永續農業">永續農業</a>* <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永續建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永續建築（页面不存在）">永續建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable architecture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="永續設計">永續設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="可持续发展">永續發展</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永續產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable industries"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永續產業（页面不存在）">永續產業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_industries" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable industries"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable industries</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永續採購" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable procurement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E6%8E%A1%E8%B3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永續採購（页面不存在）">永續採購</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_procurement" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable procurement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable procurement</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永續更新" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable refurbishment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永續更新（页面不存在）">永續更新</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable refurbishment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable refurbishment</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="可持续交通系统">永續交通系統</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg/100px-Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg/150px-Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg/200px-Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2421" data-file-height="3831" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染">污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>空氣污染 (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="排放標準" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Emission standard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排放標準（页面不存在）">排放標準</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_standard" class="extiw" title="en:Emission standard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Emission standard</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="大氣擴散模式">大氣擴散模式</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工業生態學">工業生態學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="固體廢棄物處理技術列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of solid waste treatment technologies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="固體廢棄物處理技術列表（页面不存在）">固體廢棄物處理技術列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solid_waste_treatment_technologies" class="extiw" title="en:List of solid waste treatment technologies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of solid waste treatment technologies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="廢棄物管理">廢棄物管理</a></li> <li>水 (<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="農業污水處理">農業污水處理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%BA%9F%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="工业废水处理">工業廢水處理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="污水處理">污水處理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="廢水處理技術列表">廢水處理技術列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B7%A8%E5%8C%96" title="水淨化">水淨化</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">永續能源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源有效利用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Efficient energy use"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源有效利用（页面不存在）">能源有效利用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" class="extiw" title="en:Efficient energy use"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Efficient energy use</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E5%8C%96" title="電氣化">電氣化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="能源開發">能源開發</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能量回收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy recovery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能量回收（页面不存在）">能量回收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_recovery" class="extiw" title="en:Energy recovery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy recovery</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li>燃料 (<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="替代燃料">替代燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料">生物燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="碳中性燃料">碳中性燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="氫技術">氫技術</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球電網儲能站列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of energy storage projects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E9%9B%BB%E7%B6%B2%E5%84%B2%E8%83%BD%E7%AB%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球電網儲能站列表（页面不存在）">全球電網儲能站列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_energy_storage_projects" class="extiw" title="en:List of energy storage projects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of energy storage projects</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">再生能源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96" title="可再生能源商业化">可再生能源商业化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%89%E5%9E%8B" title="能源轉型">能源轉型</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續照明" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable lighting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E7%85%A7%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續照明（页面不存在）">可持續照明</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_lighting" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable lighting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable lighting</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="可持续交通系统">可持续交通系统</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="电动载具">电动载具</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B" title="混合動力車輛">混合動力車輛</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">節能</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>建築 (<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E9%9A%94%E7%86%B1" title="建築隔熱">建築隔熱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="自然建築">自然建築</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續建築（页面不存在）">可持續建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable architecture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新都市主義">新都市主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="當代古典主義建築">當代古典主義建築</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="保育生物學">保育生物學</a></li> <li>*<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生態林業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ecoforestry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態林業（页面不存在）">生態林業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoforestry" class="extiw" title="en:Ecoforestry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ecoforestry</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="能源效率">能源效率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E7%B4%84%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="節約能源">節約能源</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能量回收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy recovery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能量回收（页面不存在）">能量回收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_recovery" class="extiw" title="en:Energy recovery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy recovery</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能量再利用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy recycling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%86%8D%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能量再利用（页面不存在）">能量再利用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_recycling" class="extiw" title="en:Energy recycling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy recycling</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="環保運動">環保運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%95%B4%E6%B2%BB" title="環境整治">環境整治</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="綠色建築使用的玻璃" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glass in green buildings"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="綠色建築使用的玻璃（页面不存在）">綠色建築使用的玻璃</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_in_green_buildings" class="extiw" title="en:Glass in green buildings"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glass in green buildings</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="绿色计算">綠色計算</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熱交換通風" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heat recovery ventilation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E9%80%9A%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱交換通風（页面不存在）">熱交換通風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation" class="extiw" title="en:Heat recovery ventilation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heat recovery ventilation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高性能建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="High-performance buildings"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高性能建築（页面不存在）">高性能建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_buildings" class="extiw" title="en:High-performance buildings"><span lang="en" dir="auto">High-performance buildings</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地復育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land rehabilitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%A9%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地復育（页面不存在）">土地復育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_rehabilitation" class="extiw" title="en:Land rehabilitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land rehabilitation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大自然保育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nature conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大自然保育（页面不存在）">大自然保育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:Nature conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nature conservation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B8%E9%96%80" title="樸門">樸門</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6" title="資源回收">資源回收</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="排水熱回收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water heat recycling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E6%B0%B4%E7%86%B1%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排水熱回收（页面不存在）">排水熱回收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" class="extiw" title="en:Water heat recycling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water heat recycling</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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