Goulag abr茅viation du russe Glavno茂e Oupravlenie Laguere茂 Direction g茅n茅rale des camps

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</b></a> > <b>Goulag</b></div> </div>   <div id="poool-widget">  </div> <div id="Wrapper" class="wrapper"> <div class="row"> <div class="zone-content col-md-8"> <article class="content" id="37567" idc="56036" class="content" role="article"> <header> <h1 class="strong">Goulag</h1> <p class="post-adresse">(abr茅viation du russe <i>Glavno茂e Oupravlenie Laguere茂</i>, Direction g茅n茅rale des camps)</p> <figure class="img-ref"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Goulag/1316628"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1316628-Goulag.jpg" alt="Goulag" title="Goulag"></a><figcaption>Goulag</figcaption></figure></header><aside class="redirect">Consulter aussi dans le dictionnaire : <a href="/dictionnaires/francais/goulag/37620">goulag</a></aside> <section class="gallery right one"> <figure class="sel"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Goulag/1316628"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1316628-Goulag.jpg" alt="Goulag" title="Goulag"></a><figcaption>Goulag</figcaption></figure> </section> <p class="definition">Organisme sovi茅tique qui 茅tait charg茅 de l'administration des camps de redressement par le travail.</p> <p class="blanc-avant">Un r茅seau de camps de travail forc茅 fut organis茅 en Russie sovi茅tique en 1919 tandis que s'茅laborait une <b>th茅orie du redressement par le travail</b>, selon laquelle toute personne reconnue socialement dangereuse et priv茅e de libert茅 doit travailler. </p> <p class="alinea">Les camps, colonies ou autres 茅tablissements de redressement par le travail, d茅pendant de la <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/Tcheka/146144">Tcheka</a> ou des commissariats du peuple (ou minist猫res) 脿 la Justice ou aux Affaires int茅rieures, connurent un tr猫s grand d茅veloppement 脿 l'茅poque stalinienne (→ <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/stalinisme/93645">stalinisme</a>). </p> <p class="alinea">Les arrestations touch猫rent diverses cat茅gories sociales ou nationales dont les membres furent accus茅s de d茅lits contre-r茅volutionnaires聽: anciens bourgeois, paysans riches ou <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/koulak/64084">koulaks</a> (au d茅but des ann茅es 1930), membres des organisations communistes (1937-1938), citoyens des pays rattach茅s 脿 l'U.R.S.S. en 1940 (Polonais, Baltes, Ukrainiens de l'Ouest), et, apr猫s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, 芦聽tra卯tres 脿 la patrie聽禄 (c'est-脿-dire les soldats de retour de captivit茅 ou les 芦聽collaborateurs聽禄). </p> <p class="alinea">Dix millions de personnes auraient 茅t茅 d茅port茅es au cours des ann茅es 1930. En d茅pit de la discipline rigoureuse, des gr猫ves ou des mutineries 茅clat猫rent 脿 Norilsk (1953), 脿 Vorkouta (1953, 1955) et au camp de Kinguir, dans le Karaganda (1954). </p> <p class="alinea">Apr猫s la mort de <a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Iossif_Vissarionovitch_Djougachvili_dit_Joseph_Staline/138847">Staline</a> (1953), les effectifs des camps diminu猫rent consid茅rablement et le Goulag fut dissous en 1956. Par la suite, <b>le syst猫me concentrationnaire perdure</b>. Camps, prisons et h么pitaux psychiatriques abritent condamn茅s de droit commun et 芦聽prisonniers d'opinion聽禄. </p> <p class="alinea">Un r茅el changement se produit 脿 partir du retour d'exil de <a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Andre%C3%AF_Dmitrievitch_Sakharov/142767">Sakharov</a> (1986). Les camps subsistent mais la grande majorit茅 des d茅tenus pour motifs politiques est alors lib茅r茅e.</p> </article> <div class="panel-pays"> </div> <div class="rwm-podcast-player" data-pid="1eca0639-3a13-635a-a5fc-c9380f86a94d"></div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pub-pave oasm"> </div> <div class="panel-da"> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /><span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">M茅dias associ茅s</p> </div> <div class="zone-medias"> <figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Goulag/1316628"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1316628-Goulag.jpg" alt="Goulag" title="Goulag" /></a> <figcaption>Goulag</figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /><span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">Articles associ茅s</p> </div> <div class="zone-articles"> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Leonid_Ilitch_Brejnev/110093"> <h2><B>Brejnev</B><B>.</B></h2> <p>Leonid Ilitch <B>Brejnev</B><B>.</B> Homme d'脡tat sovi茅tique...</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/communisme/35565"> <h2><B>communisme.</B></h2> <p>L'existence d'un r茅gime communiste primitif (communaut茅 primitive), ant茅rieur 脿 la constitution des classes...</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/droits_de_lhomme/44843"> <h2><B>droits de l'homme.</B></h2> <p>Les droits de l'homme, et les libert茅s dont ils s'accompagnent, sont ceux dont tout individu...</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/Gu%C3%A9p%C3%A9ou/122530"> <h2><B>Gu茅p茅ou</B><B>.</B></h2> <p>Administration politique d'脡tat charg茅e de la s茅curit茅 de l'脡tat sovi茅tique.</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/KGB/127349"> <h2><B>KGB</B><B>.</B></h2> <p>Services de s茅curit茅 sovi茅tiques, qui 茅taient charg茅s...</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/soviet/93199"> <h2><B>soviet.</B></h2> <p>Assembl茅e de d茅l茅gu茅s 茅lus, en Russie puis en U.R.S.S.</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Iossif_Vissarionovitch_Djougachvili_dit_Joseph_Staline/138847"> <h2><B>Staline</B><B>.</B></h2> <p>Iossif Vissarionovitch Djougachvili, dit <B>Joseph</B> <B>Staline</B><B>.</B> Homme d'脡tat sovi茅tique...</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/stalinisme/93645"> <h2><B>stalinisme.</B></h2> <p>Th茅orie et ensemble de pratiques d茅velopp茅es par Staline en URSS...</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/autre-region/URSS/138908"> <h2><B>URSS</B></h2> <p>Ancien 脡tat d'Europe et d'Asie (1922-1991)聽; 22聽400聽000聽km<SUP>2</SUP>聽; capitale聽: Moscou...</p></a> </article> </div> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /><span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">Chronologie</p> </div> <div class="zone-chrono"> <ul> <li><B>1934</B> Cr茅ation du NKVD et du Goulag en U.R.S.S. </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="taboola-right-rail-encyclo-thumbnails" class="taboola"></div>  <div class="pub-pave oasm3"></div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="pub-bottom oasb"> </div>    <div class="footer"> <span class="footer-left"> <a href="/contenu/applications/applications_mobiles">Applications mobiles</a> <a href="/index">Index</a> <a href="/infos/credits">Mentions l茅gales et cr茅dits</a> <a href="/infos/cgu">CGU</a> <a href="/infos/cgv">CGV</a> <a href="/infos/confidentialite">Charte de confidentialit茅</a> <a class="optanon-show-settings">Cookies</a> <a href="/infos/contact">Contact</a> </span> <span class="footer-right"> <span>© Larousse</span> </span> </div>  </div> </body>      <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>     <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/slick/slick.min.js"></script>     <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-1"> //alert("CATEGORY-1: OK \nCookies strictement n茅cessaires"); 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// //initSAStrigger(); // regispub: trigger Pub (body, etc...) via smartadserver //ads(); // regispub: themoneytizer //AdsEx(); // regispub: quantx(elasticad), Teads //alert("ads()-quantxAds(): OK"); </script>  <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-8"> //alert("CATEGORY-8: OK \nCookies r茅seaux sociaux"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // //twitter(); // Box Twitter //facebook(); // Box facebook //googleplus(); // Box Google Plus //alert("twitter()-facebook()-googleplus(): OK"); </script>      <script id="poool-access" src="https://assets.poool.fr/access.min.js" async></script> <script> var access = null; const script_access = document.getElementById('poool-access'); script_access.addEventListener('load', function () { // var spwpoool_ = getCookie('spwpoool_'); if(window.location.toString().indexOf("/infos/") > 0) spwpoool_ = false; // Paywall & pageInfos(footer) // if (spwpoool_ == null || spwpoool_ == 'true') { //alert("spwpoool_[" + spwpoool_+"]: \n - createPaywall \n - poool-widget=show() + wrapper=blur(3) \n - event(Poool+oneTrust)"); access = Access.init('ILD4S-2S1MH-UGZ3J-1SEEH'); access.createPaywall({ target: '#poool-widget', content: '[data-poool]', mode: 'excerpt', percent: 80, pageType: 'premium', }); // Hide <#poool-widget> $("#poool-widget").show(); // wrapper -> blur(3) >>> flou $('.wrapper').css({ 'filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-webkit-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-moz-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-o-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-ms-filter' : 'blur(3px)' }); // event back consent access.on('consent', function () { //alert("access.on('consent')"); // change Consent (accept All Cookie) ///////////////////////////////////// //OneTrust.AllowAll(); // => [OK] // Display Banner OneTrust (!niveau 2:setting!) /////////////////////////////////////////////// OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay(); // => [OK] OneTrust.OnConsentChanged(function () { //alert("OneTrust.OnConsentChanged => Value: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups + "]"); if (OnetrustActiveGroups.match(/,4,/) != null) { // consentement oneTrust: [OK] (OnetrustActiveGroups == 4) setCookie('laruserconsent_', 'true', 1); //alert("setCookie : laruserconsent_[true]"); // gestion First-ID initFirstID(); }else{ // consentement oneTrust: [KO] (OnetrustActiveGroups != 4) // (r茅)activation paywall POOOL access.createPaywall({ target: '#poool-widget', content: '[data-poool]', mode: 'excerpt', percent: 80, pageType: 'premium', }); } }); }); }else{ // //alert("spwpoool_[false]: noPaywall"); } }); // function disablePaywall(){ //alert("disablePaywall(): \n - destroyPaywall(?) \n - poool-widget=hide() + wrapper=blur(0) \n - cookie spwpoool_: false"); // // Destroy Paywall (?) if(access){ //alert("access != null : destroyPaywall"); access.destroy(); } // //alert("- <div poool-widget>: hide() \n- <div wrapper>: blur(0)"); // Hide <#poool-widget> $("#poool-widget").hide(); // wrapper -> blur(0) >>> ok $('.wrapper').css({ 'filter' : 'none', '-webkit-filter' : 'none', '-moz-filter' : 'none', '-o-filter' : 'none', '-ms-filter' : 'none' }); // // Set cookie [hide payWall] //alert("cookie spwpoool_: false"); setCookie('spwpoool_', 'false', 1); } </script>  <script id="poool-subscribe" src="https://assets.poool-subscribe.fr/subscribe.js" async></script> <script> const script_subscribe = document.getElementById('poool-subscribe'); script_subscribe.addEventListener('load', function () { subscribe = Subscribe.init('ILD4S-2S1MH-UGZ3J-1SEEH'); subscribe.createAuthElement('signin-with-subscribe-button', { target: '#auth-widget-topbar' }); subscribe.createAuthElement('signin-with-subscribe-button', { target: '#auth-widget-menuburger' }); //subscribe.config('debug', true); // Appel ( async / await) ///////////////////////// async function getUserDatas() { const user = await subscribe.getUser(); //[KO] user => undefined //alert("user info: " + user // + "\nid_subscription: " + user.subscription.subscriptionId // + "\nstatus: " + user.subscription.status // + "\ncreatedAt: " + user.subscription.createdAt); if(user != undefined && user.subscription != null && user.subscription.status == "active"){ //alert("status == active : subscribe[OK]"); $("#auth-widget-topbar").css("margin-top", "12px"); // alignement infoUSer (topbar) disablePaywall(); }else{ // //alert("access[null] OR subscribe[KO]: keepContext"); } } getUserDatas(); }); </script>     <script src="https://cdn.first-id.fr/sdk/loader/loader.min.js"></script>   <script> // function initFirstID() { // //alert("gestion first-ID"); console.log('version/call first-ID') // window.firstId = window.firstId || { callbacks: [], // callbacks to execute when the SDK is loaded debug: false, // if you want to see the logs of the SDK cookieName: 'firstid', // the name of the cookie where you put the First-id value after the gate redirect // User hashed email value emailCookieName: 'hashed_email', // the name of the cookie where we can find the hashed email value after the user login emailHashed: null, // OR the hashed email value of the user if you have it before the SDK initialization emailGetterCallback: null, // OR a callback to get the hashed email value of the user refreshCookieName: 'firstid_refresh', // the name of the cookie that SDK create to tell you to make a redirect to our gate to resync the First-id value }; // // callbacks to execute when the SDK is loaded window.firstId.callbacks.push(() => { console.log('First-id SDK loaded. #1') //alert('[First-id callbacks]: SDK loaded. #1'); }); // // callback to get the First-id value window.firstId.callbacks.push(() => { console.log('First-id SDK loaded #2') //alert('[First-id callbacks]: SDK loaded. #2'); try { var _firstID = FIRSTID.getId(); // you can access to the First-id SDK with the global variable "FIRSTID", this method return the First-id value console.log('First-id cookie: ' + _firstID) //alert('First-id cookie: ' + _firstID); } catch (e) { if (e.code === 'FirstIdCookieNotFound') { console.log('FirstID cookie not found'); //alert('[First-id callbacks]: FirstID cookie not found'); } } }); } </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/js/masterpage.js"></script>  </html>

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