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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې 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class="vector-toc-numb">۲.۲</span> <span>منظمې نښې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-منظمې_نښې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سرچینې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سرچینې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۳</span> <span>سرچینې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سرچینې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">سرطان</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي 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href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebs_(Medizin)" title="Krebs (Medizin) – سویس جرمن" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Krebs (Medizin)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="سویس جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B0%E1%88%AD" title="ካንሰር – امهاري" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካንሰር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="امهاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ncer" title="Cáncer – اراگونېسي" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cáncer" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="اراگونېسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कर्कट रोग – انگيکي" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कर्कट रोग" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="انگيکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%A0%DC%97%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܬܠܗܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܠܗܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="কৰ্কট ৰোগ – اسامي" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কৰ্কট ৰোগ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="اسامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ncanu" title="Cáncanu – استورياني" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cáncanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="استورياني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99r%C3%A7%C9%99ng_x%C9%99st%C9%99liyi" title="Xərçəng xəstəliyi – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xərçəng xəstəliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Яман шеш – باشکير" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яман шеш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشکير" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vie%C5%BE%C4%ABs_(l%C4%97ga)" title="Viežīs (lėga) – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Viežīs (lėga)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Злаякасная пухліна – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Злаякасная пухліна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Рак (захворваньне) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рак (захворваньне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Рак (болест) – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рак (болест)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="कैंसर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कैंसर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ক্যান্সার – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যান্সার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="འབྲས་སྐྲན། – تبتي" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འབྲས་སྐྲན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="تبتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krign-bev" title="Krign-bev – برېتون" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Krign-bev" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="برېتون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_(bolest)" title="Rak (bolest) – بوسني" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rak (bolest)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хорото хабдар – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хорото хабдар" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ncer" title="Càncer – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càncer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A0ng" title="Ngàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%95" title="شێرپەنجە – منځنۍ کوردي" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شێرپەنجە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="منځنۍ کوردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakovina" title="Rakovina – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rakovina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canser" title="Canser – ويلشي" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Canser" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A6ft" title="Kræft – ډنمارکي" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kræft" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ډنمارکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebs_(Medizin)" title="Krebs (Medizin) – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krebs (Medizin)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanser" title="Qanser – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qanser" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कर्कट रोग – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कर्कट रोग" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ކެންސަރު – ديویهی" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކެންސަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ديویهی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Καρκίνος – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρκίνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kancero" title="Kancero – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kancero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ncer" title="Cáncer – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cáncer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4hk_(haigus)" title="Vähk (haigus) – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vähk (haigus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minbizi" title="Minbizi – باسکي" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Minbizi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancru" title="Cancru – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cancru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%27%C9%93ere" title="Sa'ɓere – فولاح" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Sa'ɓere" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="فولاح" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy%C3%B6p%C3%A4" title="Syöpä – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syöpä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4hkt%C3%B5bi" title="Vähktõbi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vähktõbi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeft" title="Kreeft – شمالي فریسیان" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kreeft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="شمالي فریسیان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker – لوېديځ فريشي" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="لوېديځ فريشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailse" title="Ailse – ائيرلېنډي" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailse" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ائيرلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%8C" title="癌 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="癌" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kans%C3%A8r" title="Kansèr – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kansèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aillse" title="Aillse – سکاټلېنډي ګېلک" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aillse" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="سکاټلېنډي ګېلک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancro" title="Cancro – ګلېشيايي" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cancro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ګلېشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akyt%C3%A3%27ai" title="Akytã'ai – ګوراني" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Akytã'ai" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ګوراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97_(%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B0)" title="કર્કરોગ (કેન્સર) – ګجراتي" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કર્કરોગ (કેન્સર)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ګجراتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kans%E1%BA%B9%E1%BA%B9-z%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n" title="Kansẹẹ-zọ̀n – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Kansẹẹ-zọ̀n" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanghyr" title="Kanghyr – مینکس" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kanghyr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="مینکس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankara" title="Sankara – هوسا" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sankara" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="هوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A0m" title="Ngàm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngàm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%94)" title="סרטן (מחלה) – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרטן (מחלה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कर्कट रोग – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कर्कट रोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_(bolest)" title="Rak (bolest) – کروايشيايي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rak (bolest)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروايشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kans%C3%A8" title="Kansè – هيټي کريول" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kansè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="هيټي کريول" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1k_(betegs%C3%A9g)" title="Rák (betegség) – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rák (betegség)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%81%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Քաղցկեղ – آرمينيايي" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղցկեղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمينيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%81%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Քաղցկեղ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քաղցկեղ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancere" title="Cancere – انټرلنګوا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cancere" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="انټرلنګوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riman" title="Riman – ابن" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Riman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ابن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser – الوکو" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="الوکو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Боглус – انگش" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Боглус" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="انگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kancero" title="Kancero – اڊو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kancero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="اڊو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabbamein" title="Krabbamein – ايسلنډي" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krabbamein" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ايسلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasia_maligna" title="Neoplasia maligna – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neoplasia maligna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%85%AB%E7%98%8D" title="悪性腫瘍 – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="悪性腫瘍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiansa" title="Kiansa – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiansa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker – جاوايي" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاوايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="სიმსივნე – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიმსივნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9j%C9%9B%C9%96%C9%9B_k%CA%8Ad%C9%94%C5%8B_(Cancer_-_maladie)" title="Pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ (Cancer - maladie) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ (Cancer - maladie)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Қатерлі ісік – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қатерлі ісік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್ – کناډا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="کناډا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94" title="암 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8E%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="کَنسَر – کشمیري" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کَنسَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="کشمیري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%AArpence" title="Şêrpence – کردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şêrpence" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_(morbus)" title="Cancer (morbus) – لاتیني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cancer (morbus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriibs_(Krankheet)" title="Kriibs (Krankheet) – لوګزامبورګي" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kriibs (Krankheet)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوګزامبورګي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Рак – لیګغیان" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Рак" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="لیګغیان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokolo" title="Kokolo – ګانده" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Kokolo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ګانده" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaanker" title="Kaanker – لمبرگیانی" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaanker" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگیانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancher_(medesina)" title="Cancher (medesina) – لومبارډ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cancher (medesina)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="لومبارډ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97%C5%BEys_(liga)" title="Vėžys (liga) – ليتواني" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vėžys (liga)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليتواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93zis_(slim%C4%ABba)" title="Vēzis (slimība) – لېټواني" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vēzis (slimība)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لېټواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Рак (болест) – مقدوني" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рак (болест)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="അർബുദം – مالايالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അർബുദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالايالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хорт хавдар – منګولیایی" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хорт хавдар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منګولیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%81%8A_%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B2" title="ကေန်သာ၊ ယဲ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ကေန်သာ၊ ယဲ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कर्करोग – مراټهي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कर्करोग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراټهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barah" title="Barah – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Barah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="ကင်ဆာရောဂါ – برمایی" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကင်ဆာရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreevt_(Medizin)" title="Kreevt (Medizin) – کښته آلماني" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kreevt (Medizin)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="کښته آلماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaanker" title="Kaanker – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kaanker" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यान्सर – نېپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्यान्सर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نېپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यान्सर – نيواري" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्यान्सर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نيواري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreft" title="Kreft – ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kreft" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreft" title="Kreft – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kreft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ncer" title="Càncer – اوکسيټاني" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Càncer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اوکسيټاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruakku" title="Ruakku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ruakku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaansarii" title="Kaansarii – اورومو" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaansarii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="اورومو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97" title="କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ – اوڊيا" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="اوڊيا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੈਂਸਰ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਂਸਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer – پمپانگا" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="پمپانگا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowotw%C3%B3r_z%C5%82o%C5%9Bliwy" title="Nowotwór złośliwy – پولنډي" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowotwór złośliwy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2ncer" title="Câncer – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Câncer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apanqara_unquy" title="Apanqara unquy – کېچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Apanqara unquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="کېچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Злокачественная опухоль – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Злокачественная опухоль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Раковіна – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Раковіна" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="कर्कटरोगः – سنسکریټ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कर्कटरोगः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="سنسکریټ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer – سکاټس" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="سکاټس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="ڪينسر – سندهي" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪينسر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="سندهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boras" title="Boras – شمالي سامي" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Boras" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="شمالي سامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_(medicina)" title="Rak (medicina) – سرب-کروشيايي" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rak (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سرب-کروشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F" title="පිළිකා – سينهالي" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පිළිකා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سينهالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhubn%C3%BD_n%C3%A1dor" title="Zhubný nádor – سلوواکي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zhubný nádor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="کینسر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کینسر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_(bolezen)" title="Rak (bolezen) – سلوواني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rak (bolezen)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomarara_(Chirwere)" title="Gomarara (Chirwere) – شونا" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gomarara (Chirwere)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="شونا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansar" title="Kansar – سومالي" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kansar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="سومالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanceri" title="Kanceri – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kanceri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Рак (болест) – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рак (болест)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangker" title="Kangker – سوډاني" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kangker" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوډاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saratani" title="Saratani – سواهېلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saratani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواهېلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ugang" title="ugang – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ugang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="புற்றுநோய் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புற்றுநோய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="కాన్సర్ – تېليګو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాన్సర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تېليګو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Саратон – تاجکي" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саратон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="มะเร็ง – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มะเร็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensa" title="Kensa – توک پیسین" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kensa" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="توک پیسین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukuzana" title="Fukuzana – سونګا" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Fukuzana" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="سونګا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Яман шеш – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яман шеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokoram" title="Kokoram – توی" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kokoram" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="توی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Злоякісна пухлина – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Злоякісна пухлина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%81)" title="سرطان (عارضہ) – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سرطان (عارضہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraton_(kasallik)" title="Saraton (kasallik) – اوزبکي" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saraton (kasallik)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="اوزبکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ncaro" title="Càncaro – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Càncaro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ung_th%C6%B0" title="Ung thư – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ung thư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser – والاپوک" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="والاپوک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnant_m%C3%A5" title="Magnant må – والون" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Magnant må" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="والون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser – وارۍ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارۍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%8C" title="癌 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="癌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D" title="კიბო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კიბო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קענסער – يديش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קענסער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يديش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingh%27aizcwng" title="Bingh'aizcwng – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bingh'aizcwng" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="癌症" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%8C" title="癌 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="癌" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A2m" title="Gâm – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gâm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%8C" title="癌 – کانټوني" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="癌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانټوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12078#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ps" dir="rtl"><p>نری رنځ(سرطان)، د ناروغيو يوه ډله ده، چې د حجرې غير عادي وده رانغاړي او د دې توان لري چې د بدن نورو برخو ته خپور شي يا پرې برید وکړي. سرطانونه له benign (سليم) تومورونو سره توپير لري. سليم تومورونه د بدن نورو برخو ته نه خپرېږي. په ممکنه نښو او علايمو کې غوټې، غيرعادي توليد مثل، اوږدمهاله ټوخی، د وزن ناڅرګند بايلل او د کولمو په حرکتونو کې بدلون شاملېږي. که څه هم یادې شوي نښې سرطان په ګوته کوي، مګر نور سببونه هم لرلی شي. د سرطان له ۱۰۰ نه زيات ډولونه انسانان اغېزمنوي. <sup id="cite_ref-WHO2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHS2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د سرطان له امله د ٪۲۲  مړينې سبب د تمباکو استعمال دی. ٪۱۰ نور يې د چاغوالي، کمزوري غذايي رژيم، د فزيکي فعاليتونو د کموالي او يا د الکولي مشروباتو د زيات څښاک له امله دي. په نورو عواملو کې ځيني انتانونه، د ايوني وړانګو پر وړاندې واقع کېدل او چاپېريالي ککړونکي شاملېږي. په مخ پر وده نړۍ کې د سرطان ٪۱۵ د ځينو انتانونو، لکه: <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus infection, Epstein–Barr virus او ايډز له امله دي. ذکر شوي عوامل لږ تر لږه د يوې برخې په توګه د يوې حجرې د جينونو بدلولو په واسطه عمل کوي. په نمونه يي ډول د سرطان له پرمختګ کولو نه وړاندې زياتو جنيټيکي بدلونونو ته اړتيا ده. نږدې له (٪۱۰ – ۵) سرطانونه د ارثي جنيټيکي نيمګړتياوو له امله دي . سرطان د هغې د معلومو اعراضو او نښو يا هم د سکريننګ (screening) ازموينې په واسطه معلومېدلی شي. وروسته بيا په نمونه يي ډول د طبي انځور (Medical Imaging) په واسطه پلټل کېږي او د biopsy په وسیله تاييديږي. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Enviro2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enviro2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WCR2014Bio_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCR2014Bio-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ACS-heredity_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS-heredity-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د ځينو څرګندو سرطانونو د پرمختګ خطر، د سګرټ نه څښلو، د صحي وزن ساتلو، د الکولو محدود څښاک، زياتو سبزيجاتو په خوړلو، مېوه جاتو او په ټوله کې د غله جاتو، د معلومو انتاني ناروغيو پر وړاندې واکسين اخيستلو، د پروسس شوې او سرې غوښې لږ مصرف او د لمر وړانګو له مستقيم تماس په محدودولو سره کمېدلی شي. د screening په واسطه د cervical او colorectal سرطانونو ابتدايي تشخيص ګټور دی. د سينو د سرطان تشخيصول د screening په واسطه د بحث وړ (جدي بحثونه) دي. سرطانونه زياتره د وړانګو تداوي (radiation therapy)، جراحي، کيموترافي او targeted therapy په واسطه معالجه کېږي. د درد او نښې (علامې) تنظيم د پاملرنې يوه مهمه برخه ده. لږوونکې پاملرنه (palliative care) په هغو خلکو کې په ځانګړي ډول مهمه ده، چې پرمختللې ناروغي لري. د ژوندي پاتې کېدلو موکه يا چانس د سرطان په ډول او د تداوۍ په پيل کې د ناروغۍ په وسعت او پراخوالي پورې اړه لري. له ۱۵ کلنۍ نه د کم عمره ماشومانو په تشخيص کې په پرمختللې نړۍ کې د ۵ کالونو ژوندي پاتې کېدو منځنۍکچه ۸۰ سلنه ده. په متحده ايالتونو کې د سرطان لپاره د اوسط پينځه کاله ژوندي پاتې کېدلو اندازه ٪۶۶ ده. <sup id="cite_ref-Kushi2012_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kushi2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WCR2014Scr_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCR2014Scr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Got2013_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Got2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TCT2018_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCT2018-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WCR2014Peads_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCR2014Peads-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seer2014_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seer2014-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>په ۲۰۱۵ ز کې نږدې ۹۰،۵ ميليونه خلکو سرطان درلود. لکه د ۲۰۱۹ز په کلني ډول نږدې ۱۸ ميليونه نوې پېښې واقع کېږي. په کلني ډول د سرطان له امله د مړينې کچه ۸.۸ ميليونه يعنې د ټولې سلنې (٪۱۵.۷) ده. په نارينوو کې د سرطان تر ټولو عام ډولونه د سږو، پروستات، colorectal او معدې سرطانونه دي. په ښځو کې تر ټولو عام ډول د سينې، colorectal، سږو او cervical سرطانونه دي. که چېرې د پوستکي سرطان د (melonama) د نورو په پرتله د سرطان له کلنۍ جمله نوو پېښو سره شامل شي، دا به نږدې ٪۴۰ پېښې تشکيل کړي. په کوچنيانو کې acute lymphoblastic leukemia او د عصب تومورونه له افريقا پرته ډېر عام دی. non-Hodgkin lymphoma سرطان زيات واقع کېږي. په ۲۰۱۲ کې په نږدې ۱۶۵۰۰۰ له ۱۵ کالونو نه کم عمره کوچنيانو کې سرطان تشخيص شوی و. د سرطان خطر په څرګند ډول په عمر سره زياتېږي او زياتره سرطانونه په عام ډول په پرمختللو هېوادونو کې واقع کېږي. تر زړښته د وګړو د ژوند کولو او په مخ پر وده هېوادونو کې د ژوند ډول د بدلون له مخې د سرطان کچه او اندازه زياتېږي. د سرطان مالي بيې د يوه کال لپاره د ٪۲ د معلوماتو له مخې ۱.۱۶ تريليونه امريکايي ډالر اټکل شوي وو. <sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015De_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015De-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WCR2014_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCR2014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cak2012_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cak2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Epi11_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epi11-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WCR2014Eco_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCR2014Eco-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="رېښه_او_تعريفونه"><span id=".D8.B1.DB.90.DA.9A.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D8.AA.D8.B9.D8.B1.D9.8A.D9.81.D9.88.D9.86.D9.87"></span>رېښه او تعريفونه</h2></div> <p>سرطان وییکی، د لرغوني يونان له (καρκίνος) نه راغلی دی، چې د پنجه پړاو او تومور معنا لري. د نورو عالمانو له منځه يوناني عالم (فزيکپوه) هايپوکرات او ګالين د پنجه پړاو او تومورونو ورته والی په پړسېدلو رګونو سره يادښت کړ. ذکر شوی ويیکی، په نږدې ۱۶۰۰ کې په انګليسي کې د معاصر طب په برخه کې معرفي شو. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>سرطانونه د ناروغيو يوه پراخه کورنۍ رانغاړي چې د حجرې د غير عادي ودې په شاملولو سره د بدن په نورو برخو باندې د حملې او په کې د خپرېدلو توان لري. دوی د نيوپلازم يوه فرعي ډله تشکيلوي. نيوپلازم يا تومورد حجرو يو ګروپ دی، چې undergone نامنظمه وده لري او زياتره يوه کتله يا غوټه (لمف) تشکيلوي، مګر کېدای شي په تيت او پرک ډول وېشل شوی وي. <sup id="cite_ref-ACSglossary_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACSglossary-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCIdefinition_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCIdefinition-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ټولې تومور حجرې، د سرطان شپږ عمومي نښې (hallmarks) ښيي. دا نښې د يوه خطرناک تومور د توليدولو لپاره اړينې دي، چې په لاندې ډول دي: <sup id="cite_ref-Han2000_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Han2000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>د حجرې وده او وېش مناسب سيګنالونه له لاسه ورکوي.</li> <li>پر له پسې وده او وېش ان سيګنالونه برعکس ورکړل شوي دي.</li> <li>د تنظيم شوو حجرو له منځه تلنې مخنيوی.</li> <li>د حجروي وېش نامحدوده شمېر.</li> <li>د وينې رګونو (مجرا) جوړښت ته وده ورکول.</li> <li>د نسج حمله او د ناروغيو د هجوم جوړښت. <sup id="cite_ref-Han20002_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Han20002-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>له عادي حجرې نه هغې حجرې ته پرمختګ چې د سرطان د بشپړولو په موخه يوه د کشف وړ کتله تشکيلولی شي، د خطرناک پرمختګ په توګه پېژندل شوي ګڼ پړاوونه شاملوي. <sup id="cite_ref-Han20003_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Han20003-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Han2011_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Han2011-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="نښې_او_علامې"><span id=".D9.86.DA.9A.DB.90_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D8.B9.D9.84.D8.A7.D9.85.DB.90"></span>نښې او علامې</h2></div> <p>کله چې سرطان پيل شي، هېڅ نښې نه توليدوي. نښې او علايم هغه وخت ښکاره کېږي چې کتله وده وکړي يا ټپ رامنځته شي. پايله لرونکې موندنې د سرطان په ډول او موقعيت پورې اړه لري. محدودې نښې يې مشخص دي. ډېر کله په هغو اشخاصو کې په مکرر ډول واقع کېږي، چې نور حالتونه لري. د سرطان تشخيص ستونزمن کېدلی شي او د يوه ستر مقلد په توګه په نظر کې نيول کېدلی شي. <sup id="cite_ref-Card10_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Card10-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>له تشخيص نه وروسته کېدای شي، خلک خپه يا خوابدي شي. په سرطان لرونکو خلکو کې د ځان وژنې خطر دوه برابره دی. <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="محلي(موضعي)_نښې"><span id=".D9.85.D8.AD.D9.84.D9.8A.28.D9.85.D9.88.D8.B6.D8.B9.D9.8A.29_.D9.86.DA.9A.DB.90"></span>محلي(موضعي) نښې</h3></div> <p>کېدای شي د تومور د کتلې يا د تومور د زخم (ټپ) له امله محلي (موضعي) علايم ښکاره شي. د بېلګې په ډول: د سږو له سرطان نه د کتلې اغېزې د سږو کڅوړې بندولی شي، چې د ټوخي يا سينه بغل کې پايله لري. د مرۍ سرطان د مرۍ د تنګېدو لامل کېږي، چې د غذايي توکو په خوړلو کې د ستونزې يا درد باعث کېږي او colorectal سرطان کېدای شي، په کولمو کې د تنګښت يا بندېدو لامل شي، چې د کولمو عادتونه اغېزمنوي. په سينو يا خصيو کې کتلې کېدای شي د پام وړ غوټې (لمپونه) توليد کړي. ټپي کېدنه د وينې بهېدنې لامل کېدلی شي چې، لکه وينه لرونکی ټوخی (د سږو سرطان)، د وينې کموالی يا له مقعد نه وينه بهېدنه (د غټو کولمو سرطان)، په تشو بولو کې وينې (د مثانې سرطان) يا له مهبل نه غير عادي وينه بهېدنه (cervical) سرطان نښې لري، رهبري کوي. که څه هم کېدای شي په پرمختللي سرطان کې موضعي (د بدن د سرطاني برخې) درد واقع شي، مګر ابتدايي تومور په عادي ډول درد نه لري. ځيني سرطانونه د سينې قفس په دننه يا ګېډه کې د مايع او ګاز جوړولو سبب کېدلی شي. <sup id="cite_ref-Card102_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Card102-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="منظمې_نښې"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.B8.D9.85.DB.90_.D9.86.DA.9A.DB.90"></span>منظمې نښې</h3></div> <p>منظمې نښې کېدای شي د سرطان په مقابل کې د بدن د غبرګون له امله رامنځته شيٍ. دا کېدای شي ستړيا، د وزن غير ارادي بايلل يا د پوستکي بدلونونه شامل کړي. ځيني سرطانونه د يوه منظم پړسېدلي(التهابوونکي) حالت سبب کېږي، چې د عضلې پر له پسې له لاسه ورکولو يا کمزورۍ ته لارښوونه کوي، چې د بدهضمۍ (cachexia) په نوم پېژندل کېږي. <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د سرطان ځيني ډولونه، لکه: Hodgkin ناروغي، leukemia او د پښتورګي او ځيګر سرطانونه د پرله پسې تبې لامل کېدلی شي. </p><p>د سرطان ځينې نامنظمې نښې، چې د paraneoplastic syndroms په توګه پېژندل کېږي، د هورمونونو يا د تومور په واسطه د توليد شوو نورو ماليکولونو له امله دي. د paraneoplastic syndroms عام سنډرومونه (ځانګړې نښې)د کلسيم زیاتوالی (Hypercalcemia) رانغاړي، چې د بدل شوي ذهني حالت، قبضيت او د بدن د اوبو له لاسه ورکول (dehydration) يا hyponatremia سبب ګرځي، چې د بدل شوي ذهني حالت، کانګو، سردردۍ يا د عصبي حملې (د عصب تصرف) لامل کېدلی شي. <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچینې"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.DB.8C.D9.86.DB.90"></span>سرچینې</h2></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WHO2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WHO2018_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration 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.mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer">"Cancer"</a>. <i>World Health Organization</i>. 12 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Cancer&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fen%2Fnews-room%2Ffact-sheets%2Fdetail%2Fcancer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCI2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCI2014_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer">"Defining Cancer"</a>. National Cancer Institute. 17 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defining+Cancer&rft.pub=National+Cancer+Institute&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.gov%2Fabout-cancer%2Funderstanding%2Fwhat-is-cancer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHS2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NHS2012_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">"Cancer – Signs and symptoms"</a>. <i>NHS Choices</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140608104550/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/cancer/Pages/symptoms.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NHS+Choices&rft.atitle=Cancer+%E2%80%93+Signs+and+symptoms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2FConditions%2FCancer%2FPages%2FSymptoms.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3">"Obesity and Cancer Risk"</a>. National Cancer Institute. 3 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150704154440/http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obesity+and+Cancer+Risk&rft.pub=National+Cancer+Institute&rft.date=2012-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.gov%2Fabout-cancer%2Fcauses-prevention%2Frisk%2Fobesity%2Fobesity-fact-sheet%23q3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFJayasekaraMacInnisRoomEnglish2016" class="citation journal cs1">Jayasekara H, MacInnis RJ, Room R, English DR (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Falcalc%2Fagv110">"Long-Term Alcohol Consumption and Breast, Upper Aero-Digestive Tract and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"</a>. <i>Alcohol and Alcoholism</i>. <b>51</b> (3): 315–30. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Falcalc%2Fagv110">10.1093/alcalc/agv110</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26400678">26400678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+and+Alcoholism&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Alcohol+Consumption+and+Breast%2C+Upper+Aero-Digestive+Tract+and+Colorectal+Cancer+Risk%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=315-30&rft.date=2016-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Falcalc%2Fagv110&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26400678&rft.aulast=Jayasekara&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=MacInnis%2C+RJ&rft.au=Room%2C+R&rft.au=English%2C+DR&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Falcalc%252Fagv110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enviro2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Enviro2008_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFAnandKunnumakkaraSundaramHarikumar2008" class="citation journal cs1">Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Tharakan ST, Lai OS, Sung B, Aggarwal BB (September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515569">"Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes"</a>. <i>Pharmaceutical Research</i>. <b>25</b> (9): 2097–116. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11095-008-9661-9">10.1007/s11095-008-9661-9</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%85%DB%90%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پبمېډسنټرل (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515569">2515569</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18626751">18626751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceutical+Research&rft.atitle=Cancer+is+a+preventable+disease+that+requires+major+lifestyle+changes&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2097-116&rft.date=2008-09&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2515569%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18626751&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11095-008-9661-9&rft.aulast=Anand&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Kunnumakkara%2C+AB&rft.au=Sundaram%2C+C&rft.au=Harikumar%2C+KB&rft.au=Tharakan%2C+ST&rft.au=Lai%2C+OS&rft.au=Sung%2C+B&rft.au=Aggarwal%2C+BB&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2515569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCR2014Bio-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WCR2014Bio_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/"><i>World Cancer Report 2014</i></a>. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 1.1. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-92-832-0429-9" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-92-832-0429-9 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-92-832-0429-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/">the original</a> on 12 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Cancer+Report+2014&rft.pages=Chapter+1.1&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-92-832-0429-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searo.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fbookstore%2Fdocuments%2F9283204298%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACS-heredity-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ACS-heredity_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer">"Heredity and Cancer"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Cancer_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Cancer Society (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">American Cancer Society</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130802043732/http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heredity+and+Cancer&rft.pub=American+Cancer+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.org%2Fcancer%2Fcancercauses%2Fgeneticsandcancer%2Fheredity-and-cancer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed">"How is cancer diagnosed?"</a>. <i>American Cancer Society</i>. 29 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120018/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Cancer+Society&rft.atitle=How+is+cancer+diagnosed%3F&rft.date=2013-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.org%2Ftreatment%2Funderstandingyourdiagnosis%2Fexamsandtestdescriptions%2Ftestingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer%2Ftesting-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kushi2012-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kushi2012_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFKushiDoyleMcCulloughRock2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, Rock CL, Demark-Wahnefried W, Bandera EV, Gapstur S, Patel AV, Andrews K, Gansler T (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3322%2Fcaac.20140">"American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity"</a>. <i>CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians Cancer J Clin</i>. <b>62</b> (1): 30–67. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3322%2Fcaac.20140">10.3322/caac.20140</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22237782">22237782</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2067308">2067308</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CA%3A+A+Cancer+Journal+for+Clinicians+Cancer+J+Clin&rft.atitle=American+Cancer+Society+Guidelines+on+nutrition+and+physical+activity+for+cancer+prevention%3A+reducing+the+risk+of+cancer+with+healthy+food+choices+and+physical+activity&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=30-67&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2067308%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22237782&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3322%2Fcaac.20140&rft.aulast=Kushi&rft.aufirst=LH&rft.au=Doyle%2C+C&rft.au=McCullough%2C+M&rft.au=Rock%2C+CL&rft.au=Demark-Wahnefried%2C+W&rft.au=Bandera%2C+EV&rft.au=Gapstur%2C+S&rft.au=Patel%2C+AV&rft.au=Andrews%2C+K&rft.au=Gansler%2C+T&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3322%252Fcaac.20140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFParkinBoydWalker2011" class="citation journal cs1">Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252065">"16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010"</a>. <i>British Journal of Cancer</i>. <b>105</b> (Suppl 2): S77–81. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fbjc.2011.489">10.1038/bjc.2011.489</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%85%DB%90%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پبمېډسنټرل (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252065">3252065</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22158327">22158327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Cancer&rft.atitle=16.+The+fraction+of+cancer+attributable+to+lifestyle+and+environmental+factors+in+the+UK+in+2010&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.pages=S77-81&rft.date=2011-12&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3252065%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22158327&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fbjc.2011.489&rft.aulast=Parkin&rft.aufirst=DM&rft.au=Boyd%2C+L&rft.au=Walker%2C+LC&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3252065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCR2014Scr-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WCR2014Scr_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/"><i>World Cancer Report 2014</i></a>. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 4.7. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-92-832-0429-9" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-92-832-0429-9 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-92-832-0429-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/">the original</a> on 12 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Cancer+Report+2014&rft.pages=Chapter+4.7&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-92-832-0429-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searo.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fbookstore%2Fdocuments%2F9283204298%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Got2013-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Got2013_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFGøtzscheJørgensen2013" class="citation journal cs1">Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ (June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778">"Screening for breast cancer with mammography"</a>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>6</b> (6): CD001877. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD001877.pub5">10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub5</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%85%DB%90%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پبمېډسنټرل (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778">6464778</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23737396">23737396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Screening+for+breast+cancer+with+mammography&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=CD001877&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6464778%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23737396&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD001877.pub5&rft.aulast=G%C3%B8tzsche&rft.aufirst=PC&rft.au=J%C3%B8rgensen%2C+KJ&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6464778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TCT2018-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TCT2018_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet">"Targeted Cancer Therapies"</a>. <i>cancer.gov</i>. National Cancer Institute. 26 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cancer.gov&rft.atitle=Targeted+Cancer+Therapies&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.gov%2Fabout-cancer%2Ftreatment%2Ftypes%2Ftargeted-therapies%2Ftargeted-therapies-fact-sheet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCR2014Peads-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WCR2014Peads_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/"><i>World Cancer Report 2014</i></a>. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 1.3. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-92-832-0429-9" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-92-832-0429-9 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-92-832-0429-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/">the original</a> on 12 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Cancer+Report+2014&rft.pages=Chapter+1.3&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-92-832-0429-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searo.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fbookstore%2Fdocuments%2F9283204298%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seer2014-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Seer2014_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/all.html">"SEER Stat Fact Sheets: All Cancer Sites"</a>. National Cancer Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100926191037/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/all.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SEER+Stat+Fact+Sheets%3A+All+Cancer+Sites&rft.pub=National+Cancer+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseer.cancer.gov%2Fstatfacts%2Fhtml%2Fall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBD2015Pre-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFGBD_2015_Disease_and_Injury_Incidence_and_Prevalence2016" class="citation journal cs1">GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055577">"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"</a>. <i>Lancet</i>. <b>388</b> (10053): 1545–1602. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2816%2931678-6">10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%85%DB%90%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پبمېډسنټرل (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055577">5055577</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27733282">27733282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Global%2C+regional%2C+and+national+incidence%2C+prevalence%2C+and+years+lived+with+disability+for+310+diseases+and+injuries%2C+1990%E2%80%932015%3A+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study+2015&rft.volume=388&rft.issue=10053&rft.pages=1545-1602&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5055577%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27733282&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2816%2931678-6&rft.aulast=GBD+2015+Disease+and+Injury+Incidence+and+Prevalence&rft.aufirst=Collaborators.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5055577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_journal" title="کينډۍ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSciacovelliSchmidtMaherFrezza2020" class="citation journal cs1">Sciacovelli M, Schmidt C, Maher ER, Frezza C (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-cancerbio-030419-033612">"Metabolic Drivers in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Cancer Biology</i>. <b>4</b>: 77–97. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-cancerbio-030419-033612">10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033612</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Cancer+Biology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+Drivers+in+Hereditary+Cancer+Syndromes&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=77-97&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-cancerbio-030419-033612&rft.aulast=Sciacovelli&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+C&rft.au=Maher%2C+ER&rft.au=Frezza%2C+C&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1146%252Fannurev-cancerbio-030419-033612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBD2015De-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GBD2015De_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFGBD_2015_Mortality_and_Causes_of_Death2016" class="citation journal cs1">GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903">"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"</a>. <i>Lancet</i>. <b>388</b> (10053): 1459–1544. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2816%2931012-1">10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%85%DB%90%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پبمېډسنټرل (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903">5388903</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27733281">27733281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Global%2C+regional%2C+and+national+life+expectancy%2C+all-cause+mortality%2C+and+cause-specific+mortality+for+249+causes+of+death%2C+1980%E2%80%932015%3A+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study+2015&rft.volume=388&rft.issue=10053&rft.pages=1459-1544&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5388903%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27733281&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2816%2931012-1&rft.aulast=GBD+2015+Mortality+and+Causes+of+Death&rft.aufirst=Collaborators.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5388903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_journal" title="کينډۍ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCR2014-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WCR2014_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>World Cancer Report 2014</i>. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 1.1. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-92-832-0429-9" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-92-832-0429-9 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-92-832-0429-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Cancer+Report+2014&rft.pages=Chapter+1.1&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-92-832-0429-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFDubasIngraffea2013" class="citation journal cs1">Dubas LE, Ingraffea A (February 2013). "Nonmelanoma skin cancer". <i>Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 43–53. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fsc.2012.10.003">10.1016/j.fsc.2012.10.003</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23369588">23369588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Facial+Plastic+Surgery+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Nonmelanoma+skin+cancer&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-53&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fsc.2012.10.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23369588&rft.aulast=Dubas&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.au=Ingraffea%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cak2012-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cak2012_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFCakirAdamsonCingi2012" class="citation journal cs1">Cakir BÖ, Adamson P, Cingi C (November 2012). "Epidemiology and economic burden of nonmelanoma skin cancer". <i>Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America</i>. <b>20</b> (4): 419–22. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fsc.2012.07.004">10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23084294">23084294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Facial+Plastic+Surgery+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+and+economic+burden+of+nonmelanoma+skin+cancer&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=419-22&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fsc.2012.07.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23084294&rft.aulast=Cakir&rft.aufirst=B%C3%96&rft.au=Adamson%2C+P&rft.au=Cingi%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epi11-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Epi11_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFJemalBrayCenterFerlay2011" class="citation journal cs1">Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3322%2Fcaac.20107">"Global cancer statistics"</a>. <i>CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians</i>. <b>61</b> (2): 69–90. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3322%2Fcaac.20107">10.3322/caac.20107</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21296855">21296855</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30500384">30500384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CA%3A+A+Cancer+Journal+for+Clinicians&rft.atitle=Global+cancer+statistics&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=69-90&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A30500384%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21296855&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3322%2Fcaac.20107&rft.aulast=Jemal&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Bray%2C+F&rft.au=Center%2C+MM&rft.au=Ferlay%2C+J&rft.au=Ward%2C+E&rft.au=Forman%2C+D&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3322%252Fcaac.20107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCR2014Eco-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WCR2014Eco_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/"><i>World Cancer Report 2014</i></a>. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 6.7. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-92-832-0429-9" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-92-832-0429-9 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-92-832-0429-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/">the original</a> on 12 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Cancer+Report+2014&rft.pages=Chapter+6.7&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-92-832-0429-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searo.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fbookstore%2Fdocuments%2F9283204298%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/cancer">"cancer | Origin and meaning of cancer by Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=cancer+%26%23124%3B+Origin+and+meaning+of+cancer+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fcancer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACSglossary-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ACSglossary_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerglossary/index">"Cancer Glossary"</a>. <i>cancer.org</i>. American Cancer Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901160014/http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerglossary/index">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cancer.org&rft.atitle=Cancer+Glossary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.org%2Fcancer%2Fcancerglossary%2Findex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCIdefinition-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCIdefinition_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer">"What is cancer?"</a>. <i>cancer.gov</i>. National Cancer Institute. 17 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cancer.gov&rft.atitle=What+is+cancer%3F&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.gov%2Fabout-cancer%2Funderstanding%2Fwhat-is-cancer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Han2000-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Han2000_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHanahanWeinberg2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Hanahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Hanahan (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hanahan D</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Weinberg RA</a> (January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9">"The hallmarks of cancer"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>100</b> (1): 57–70. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10647931">10647931</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1478778">1478778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+hallmarks+of+cancer&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-70&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1478778%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10647931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9&rft.aulast=Hanahan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+RA&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0092-8674%252800%252981683-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Han20002-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Han20002_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHanahanWeinberg2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Hanahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Hanahan (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hanahan D</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Weinberg RA</a> (January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9">"The hallmarks of cancer"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>100</b> (1): 57–70. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10647931">10647931</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1478778">1478778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+hallmarks+of+cancer&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-70&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1478778%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10647931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9&rft.aulast=Hanahan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+RA&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0092-8674%252800%252981683-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Han20003-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Han20003_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHanahanWeinberg2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Hanahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Hanahan (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hanahan D</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Weinberg RA</a> (January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9">"The hallmarks of cancer"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>100</b> (1): 57–70. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10647931">10647931</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1478778">1478778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+hallmarks+of+cancer&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-70&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1478778%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10647931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981683-9&rft.aulast=Hanahan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+RA&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0092-8674%252800%252981683-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Han2011-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Han2011_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHanahanWeinberg2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2011.02.013">"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>144</b> (5): 646–74. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2011.02.013">10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21376230">21376230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Hallmarks+of+cancer%3A+the+next+generation&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=646-74&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2011.02.013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21376230&rft.aulast=Hanahan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+RA&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cell.2011.02.013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Card10-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Card10_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holland Chp. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFAnguianoMayerPivenRosenstein2012" class="citation journal cs1">Anguiano L, Mayer DK, Piven ML, Rosenstein D (July–August 2012). "A literature review of suicide in cancer patients". <i>Cancer Nursing</i>. <b>35</b> (4): E14–26. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FNCC.0b013e31822fc76c">10.1097/NCC.0b013e31822fc76c</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21946906">21946906</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45874503">45874503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Nursing&rft.atitle=A+literature+review+of+suicide+in+cancer+patients&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=E14-26&rft.date=2012-07%2F2012-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A45874503%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21946906&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FNCC.0b013e31822fc76c&rft.aulast=Anguiano&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Mayer%2C+DK&rft.au=Piven%2C+ML&rft.au=Rosenstein%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Card102-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Card102_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holland Chp. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFO'DellStubblefield2009" class="citation book cs1">O'Dell M, Stubblefield M (2009). [[[:کينډۍ:Google books]] <i>Cancer rehabilitation principles and practice</i>]. New York: Demos Medical. p. 983. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-1-933864-33-4" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-1-933864-33-4 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-1-933864-33-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cancer+rehabilitation+principles+and+practice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=983&rft.pub=Demos+Medical&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-933864-33-4&rft.aulast=O%27Dell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Stubblefield%2C+M&rft_id=%3A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D%3AGoogle+books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_book" class="mw-redirect" title="کينډۍ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFFearonStrasserAnkerBosaeus2011" class="citation journal cs1">Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, et al. (May 2011). "Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus". <i>The Lancet. Oncology</i>. <b>12</b> (5): 489–95. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1470-2045%2810%2970218-7">10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70218-7</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21296615">21296615</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet.+Oncology&rft.atitle=Definition+and+classification+of+cancer+cachexia%3A+an+international+consensus&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=489-95&rft.date=2011-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1470-2045%2810%2970218-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21296615&rft.aulast=Fearon&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Strasser%2C+F&rft.au=Anker%2C+SD&rft.au=Bosaeus%2C+I&rft.au=Bruera%2C+E&rft.au=Fainsinger%2C+RL&rft.au=Jatoi%2C+A&rft.au=Loprinzi%2C+C&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+N&rft.au=Mantovani%2C+G&rft.au=Davis%2C+M&rft.au=Muscaritoli%2C+M&rft.au=Ottery%2C+F&rft.au=Radbruch%2C+L&rft.au=Ravasco%2C+P&rft.au=Walsh%2C+D&rft.au=Wilcock%2C+A&rft.au=Kaasa%2C+S&rft.au=Baracos%2C+VE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFDimitriadisAngelousiWeickertRandeva2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dimitriadis GK, Angelousi A, Weickert MO, Randeva HS, Kaltsas G, Grossman A (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1530%2FERC-17-0036">"Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes"</a>. <i>Endocrine-Related Cancer</i>. <b>24</b> (6): R173–R190. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1530%2FERC-17-0036">10.1530/ERC-17-0036</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28341725">28341725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endocrine-Related+Cancer&rft.atitle=Paraneoplastic+endocrine+syndromes&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=R173-R190&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1530%2FERC-17-0036&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28341725&rft.aulast=Dimitriadis&rft.aufirst=GK&rft.au=Angelousi%2C+A&rft.au=Weickert%2C+MO&rft.au=Randeva%2C+HS&rft.au=Kaltsas%2C+G&rft.au=Grossman%2C+A&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1530%252FERC-17-0036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" 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