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weighting</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: weighting"> <meta name="keywords" content="weighting"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="weighting"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 185</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: weighting</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> A Geometric Interpolation Scheme in Overset Meshes for the Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation Volume of Fluid Method in Multiphase Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanni%20Chang">Yanni Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dezhi%20Dai"> Dezhi Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albert%20Y.%20Tong"> Albert Y. Tong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) schemes are widely used in the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method to capture interfaces in numerical simulations of multiphase flows. Dynamic overset meshes can be especially useful in applications involving component motions and complex geometric shapes. In the present study, the VOF value of an acceptor cell is evaluated in a geometric way that transfers the fraction field between the meshes precisely with reconstructed interfaces from the corresponding donor elements. The acceptor cell value is evaluated by using a weighted average of its donors for most of the overset interpolation schemes for continuous flow variables. The weighting factors are obtained by different algebraic methods. Unlike the continuous flow variables, the VOF equation is a step function near the interfaces, which ranges from zero to unity rapidly. A geometric interpolation scheme of the VOF field in overset meshes for the PLIC-VOF method has been proposed in the paper. It has been tested successfully in quadrilateral/hexahedral overset meshes by employing several VOF advection tests with imposed solenoidal velocity fields. The proposed algorithm has been shown to yield higher accuracy in mass conservation and interface reconstruction compared with three other algebraic ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation%20scheme" title="interpolation scheme">interpolation scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flows" title=" multiphase flows"> multiphase flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overset%20meshes" title=" overset meshes"> overset meshes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLIC-VOF%20method" title=" PLIC-VOF method"> PLIC-VOF method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113095/a-geometric-interpolation-scheme-in-overset-meshes-for-the-piecewise-linear-interface-calculation-volume-of-fluid-method-in-multiphase-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> A Cognitive Approach to the Optimization of Power Distribution across an Educational Campus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mrinmoy%20Majumder">Mrinmoy Majumder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apu%20Kumar%20Saha"> Apu Kumar Saha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever-increasing human population and its demand for energy is placing stress upon conventional energy sources; and as demand for power continues to outstrip supply, the need to optimize energy distribution and utilization is emerging as an important focus for various stakeholders. The distribution of available energy must be achieved in such a way that the needs of the consumer are satisfied. However, if the availability of resources is not sufficient to satisfy consumer demand, it is necessary to find a method to select consumers based on factors such as their socio-economic or environmental impacts. Weighting consumer types in this way can help separate them based on their relative importance, and cognitive optimization of the allocation process can then be carried out so that, even on days of particularly scarce supply, the socio-economic impacts of not satisfying the needs of consumers can be minimized. In this context, the present study utilized fuzzy logic to assign weightage to different types of consumers based at an educational campus in India, and then established optimal allocation by applying the non-linear mapping capability of neuro-genetic algorithms. The outputs of the algorithms were compared with similar outputs from particle swarm optimization and differential evolution algorithms. The results of the study demonstrate an option for the optimal utilization of available energy based on the socio-economic importance of consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20allocation" title="power allocation">power allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20problem" title=" optimization problem"> optimization problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20and%20ecological%20engineering" title=" environmental and ecological engineering"> environmental and ecological engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19462/a-cognitive-approach-to-the-optimization-of-power-distribution-across-an-educational-campus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Power Circuit Schemes in AC Drive is Made by Condition of the Minimum Electric Losses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Grigoryev">M. A. Grigoryev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Shishkov"> A. N. Shishkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20A.%20Sychev"> D. A. Sychev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article defines the necessity of choosing the optimal power circuits scheme of the electric drive with field regulated reluctance machine. The specific weighting factors are calculation, the linear regression dependence of specific losses in semiconductor frequency converters are presented depending on the values of the rated current. It is revealed that with increase of the carrier frequency PWM improves the output current waveform, but increases the loss, so you will need depending on the task in a certain way to choose from the carrier frequency. For task of optimization by criterion of the minimum electrical losses regression dependence of the electrical losses in the frequency converter circuit at a frequency of a PWM signal of 0 Hz. The surface optimization criterion is presented depending on the rated output torque of the motor and number of phases. In electric drives with field regulated reluctance machine with at low output power optimization criterion appears to be the worst for multiphase circuits. With increasing output power this trend hold true, but becomes insignificantly different optimal solutions for three-phase and multiphase circuits. This is explained to the linearity of the dependence of the electrical losses from the current. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20regulated%20reluctance%20machine" title="field regulated reluctance machine">field regulated reluctance machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20electrical%20losses" title=" the electrical losses"> the electrical losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20power%20circuit" title=" multiphase power circuit"> multiphase power circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20surface%20optimization%20criterion" title=" the surface optimization criterion"> the surface optimization criterion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46140/power-circuit-schemes-in-ac-drive-is-made-by-condition-of-the-minimum-electric-losses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Optimal Geothermal Borehole Design Guided By Dynamic Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongshan%20Guo">Hongshan Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ground-source heat pumps provide stable and reliable heating and cooling when designed properly. The confounding effect of the borehole depth for a GSHP system, however, is rarely taken into account for any optimization: the determination of the borehole depth usually comes prior to the selection of corresponding system components and thereafter any optimization of the GSHP system. The depth of the borehole is important to any GSHP system because the shallower the borehole, the larger the fluctuation of temperature of the near-borehole soil temperature. This could lead to fluctuations of the coefficient of performance (COP) for the GSHP system in the long term when the heating/cooling demand is large. Yet the deeper the boreholes are drilled, the more the drilling cost and the operational expenses for the circulation. A controller that reads different building load profiles, optimizing for the smallest costs and temperature fluctuation at the borehole wall, eventually providing borehole depth as the output is developed. Due to the nature of the nonlinear dynamic nature of the GSHP system, it was found that between conventional optimal controller problem and model predictive control problem, the latter was found to be more feasible due to a possible history of both the trajectory during the iteration as well as the final output could be computed and compared against. Aside from a few scenarios of different weighting factors, the resulting system costs were verified with literature and reports and were found to be relatively accurate, while the temperature fluctuation at the borehole wall was also found to be within acceptable range. It was therefore determined that the MPC is adequate to optimize for the investment as well as the system performance for various outputs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20borehole" title="geothermal borehole">geothermal borehole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPC" title=" MPC"> MPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modeling" title=" dynamic modeling"> dynamic modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37120/optimal-geothermal-borehole-design-guided-by-dynamic-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> An Efficient Propensity Score Method for Causal Analysis With Application to Case-Control Study in Breast Cancer Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ms%20Azam%20Najafkouchak">Ms Azam Najafkouchak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Todem"> David Todem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorothy%20Pathak"> Dorothy Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramod%20Pathak"> Pramod Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Gardiner"> Joseph Gardiner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propensity score (PS) methods have recently become the standard analysis as a tool for the causal inference in the observational studies where exposure is not randomly assigned, thus, confounding can impact the estimation of treatment effect on the outcome. For the binary outcome, the effect of treatment on the outcome can be estimated by odds ratios, relative risks, and risk differences. However, using the different PS methods may give you a different estimation of the treatment effect on the outcome. Several methods of PS analyses have been used mainly, include matching, inverse probability of weighting, stratification, and covariate adjusted on PS. Due to the dangers of discretizing continuous variables (exposure, covariates), the focus of this paper will be on how the variation in cut-points or boundaries will affect the average treatment effect (ATE) utilizing the stratification of PS method. Therefore, we are trying to avoid choosing arbitrary cut-points, instead, we continuously discretize the PS and accumulate information across all cut-points for inferences. We will use Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate ATE, focusing on two PS methods, stratification and covariate adjusted on PS. We will then show how this can be observed based on the analyses of the data from a case-control study of breast cancer, the Polish Women’s Health Study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20treatment%20effect" title="average treatment effect">average treatment effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score" title=" propensity score"> propensity score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratification" title=" stratification"> stratification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covariate%20adjusted" title=" covariate adjusted"> covariate adjusted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monte%20Calro%20estimation" title=" monte Calro estimation"> monte Calro estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case_control%20study" title=" case_control study"> case_control study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152765/an-efficient-propensity-score-method-for-causal-analysis-with-application-to-case-control-study-in-breast-cancer-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Integrating GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process-Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Identification of Suitable Areas for Artificial Recharge with Reclaimed Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoudi%20Marwa">Mahmoudi Marwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahim%20Nadhem"> Bahim Nadhem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydi%20Abdelwaheb"> Aydi Abdelwaheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issaoui%20Wissal"> Issaoui Wissal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Najet"> S. Najet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work represents a coupling between the geographic information system (GIS) and the multicriteria analysis aiming at the selection of an artificial recharge site by the treated wastewater for the Ariana governorate. On regional characteristics, bibliography and available data on artificial recharge, 13 constraints and 5 factors were hierarchically structured for the adequacy of an artificial recharge. The factors are subdivided into two main groups: environmental factors and economic factors. The adopted methodology allows a preliminary assessment of a recharge site, the weighted linear combination (WLC) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in a GIS. The standardization of the criteria is carried out by the application of the different membership functions. The form and control points of the latter are defined by the consultation of the experts. The weighting of the selected criteria is allocated according to relative importance using the AHP methodology. The weighted linear combination (WLC) integrates the different criteria and factors to delineate the most suitable areas for artificial recharge site selection by treated wastewater. The results of this study showed three potential candidate sites that appear when environmental factors are more important than economic factors. These sites are ranked in descending order using the ELECTRE III method. Nevertheless, decision making for the selection of an artificial recharge site will depend on the decision makers in force. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20recharge%20site" title="artificial recharge site">artificial recharge site</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treated%20wastewater" title=" treated wastewater"> treated wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20hierarchy%20process" title=" analytical hierarchy process"> analytical hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELECTRE%20III" title=" ELECTRE III "> ELECTRE III </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105235/integrating-gis-and-analytical-hierarchy-process-multicriteria-decision-analysis-for-identification-of-suitable-areas-for-artificial-recharge-with-reclaimed-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Scoring Approach to Identify High-Risk Corridors for Winter Safety Measures ‎in the Iranian Roads Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mokhber">M. Mokhber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Hedayati"> J. Hedayati </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the managerial perspective, it is important to devise an operational plan based on top priorities due to limited resources, diversity of measures and high costs needed to improve safety in infrastructure. Dealing with the high-risk corridors across Iran, this study prioritized the corridors according to statistical data on accidents involving fatalities, injury or damage over three consecutive years. In collaboration with the Iranian Police Department, data were collected and modified. Then, the prioritization criteria were specified based on the expertise opinions and international standards. In this study, the prioritization criteria included accident severity and accident density. Finally, the criteria were standardized and weighted (equal weights) to score each high-risk corridor. The prioritization phase involved the scoring and weighting procedure. The high-risk corridors were divided into twelve groups out of 50. The results of data analysis for a three-year span suggested that the first three groups (150 corridors) along with a quarter of Iranian road network length account for nearly 60% of traffic accidents. In the next step, according to variables including weather conditions particular roads for the purpose of winter safety measures were extracted from the abovementioned categories. According to the results ranking, ‎‏9‏‎ roads with the overall ‎length of about ‎‎‏1000‏‎ Km of high-risk corridors are considered as preferences of ‎safety measures‎. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk%20corridors" title="high-risk corridors">high-risk corridors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRCs" title=" HRCs"> HRCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety%20rating" title=" road safety rating"> road safety rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20scoring" title=" road scoring"> road scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winter%20safety%20measures" title=" winter safety measures"> winter safety measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89175/scoring-approach-to-identify-high-risk-corridors-for-winter-safety-measures-in-the-iranian-roads-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Geometrical Shape of Plate Heat Exchangers on Heat Transfer Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Sanei">Hamed Sanei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Bagher%20Ayani"> Mohammad Bagher Ayani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimizations of Plate Heat Exchangers (PHS) have received great attention in the past decade. In this study, heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients are compared for rectangular and circular PHS employing numerical simulations. Plates are designed to have equivalent areas. Simulations were implemented to investigate the efficiency of PHSs considering heat transfer, friction factor and pressure drop. Amount of heat transfer and pressure drop was obtained for different range of Reynolds numbers. These two parameters were compared with aim of <em>F</em> "weighting factor correlation". In this comparison, the minimum amount of F indicates higher efficiency. Results reveal that the <em>F</em> value for rectangular shape is less than circular plate, and hence using rectangular shape of PHS is more efficient than circular one. It was observed that, the amount of friction factor is correlated to the Reynolds numbers, such that friction factor decreased in both rectangular and circular plates with an increase in Reynolds number. Furthermore, such simulations revealed that the amount of heat transfer in rectangular plate is more than circular plate for different range of Reynolds numbers. The difference is more distinct for higher Reynolds number. However, amount of pressure drop in circular plate is less than rectangular plate for the same range of Reynolds numbers which is considered as a negative point for rectangular plate efficiency. It can be concluded that, while rectangular PHSs occupy more space than circular plate, the efficiency of rectangular plate is higher. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chevron%20corrugated%20plate%20heat%20exchanger" title="Chevron corrugated plate heat exchanger">Chevron corrugated plate heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20factor" title=" friction factor"> friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20numbers" title=" Reynolds numbers"> Reynolds numbers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47194/numerical-investigation-of-the-effect-of-geometrical-shape-of-plate-heat-exchangers-on-heat-transfer-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> A Mathematical Agent-Based Model to Examine Two Patterns of Language Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gareth%20Baxter">Gareth Baxter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We use a mathematical model of language change to examine two recently observed patterns of language change: one in which most speakers change gradually, following the mean of the community change, and one in which most individuals use predominantly one variant or another, and change rapidly if they change at all. The model is based on Croft’s Utterance Selection account of language change, which views language change as an evolutionary process, in which different variants (different ‘ways of saying the same thing’) compete for usage in a population of speakers. Language change occurs when a new variant replaces an older one as the convention within a given population. The present model extends a previous simpler model to include effects related to speaker aging and interspeaker variation in behaviour. The two patterns of individual change (one more centralized and the other more polarized) were recently observed in historical language changes, and it was further observed that slower changes were more associated with the centralized pattern, while quicker changes were more polarized. Our model suggests that the two patterns of change can be explained by different balances between the preference of speakers to use one variant over another and the degree of accommodation to (propensity to adapt towards) other speakers. The correlation with the rate of change appears naturally in our model, and results from the fact that both differential weighting of variants and the degree of accommodation affect the time for change to occur, while also determining the patterns of change. This work represents part of an ongoing effort to examine phenomena in language change through the use of mathematical models. This offers another way to evaluate qualitative explanations that cannot be practically tested (or cannot be tested at all) in a real-world, large-scale speech community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent%20based%20modeling" title="agent based modeling">agent based modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20evolution" title=" cultural evolution"> cultural evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20change" title=" language change"> language change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20behavior%20modeling" title=" social behavior modeling"> social behavior modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20influence" title=" social influence"> social influence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62151/a-mathematical-agent-based-model-to-examine-two-patterns-of-language-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> The Utilization of Salicylic Acid of the Extract from Avocado Skin as an Inhibitor of Ethylene Production to Keep the Quality of Banana in Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adira%20Nofeadri%20Ryofi">Adira Nofeadri Ryofi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvin%20Andrianus"> Alvin Andrianus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Khairunnisa"> Anna Khairunnisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anugrah%20Cahyo%20Widodo"> Anugrah Cahyo Widodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arbhyando%20Tri%20Putrananda"> Arbhyando Tri Putrananda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arsy%20Imanda%20N.%20Raswati"> Arsy Imanda N. Raswati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gita%20Rahmaningsih"> Gita Rahmaningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ina%20Agustina"> Ina Agustina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The consumption level of fresh bananas from 2005 until 2010, increased from 8.2 to 10 kg/capita/year. The commercial scale of banana generally harvested when it still green to make the banana avoid physical damage, chemical, and disease after harvest and ripe fruit. That first metabolism activity can be used as a synthesis reaction. Ripening fruit was influenced by ethylene hormone that synthesized in fruit which is experiencing ripe and including hormone in the ripening fruit process in klimaterik phase. This ethylene hormone is affected by the respiration level that would speed up the restructuring of carbohydrates inside the fruit, so the weighting of fruit will be decreased. Compared to other klimaterik fruit, banana is a fruit that has a medium ethylene production rate and the rate of respiration is low. The salicylic acid can regulate the result number of the growth process or the development of fruits and plants. Salicylic acid serves to hinder biosynthesis ethylene and delay senses. The research aims to understand the influence of salicylic acid concentration that derived from the waste of avocado skin in inhibition process to ethylene production that the maturation can be controlled, so it can keep the quality of banana for storage. It is also to increase the potential value of the waste of avocado skin that were still used in industrial cosmetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20hormone" title="ethylene hormone">ethylene hormone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract%20avocado%20skin" title=" extract avocado skin"> extract avocado skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitor" title=" inhibitor"> inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylic%20acid" title=" salicylic acid"> salicylic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48712/the-utilization-of-salicylic-acid-of-the-extract-from-avocado-skin-as-an-inhibitor-of-ethylene-production-to-keep-the-quality-of-banana-in-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Ranking of Optimal Materials for Building Walls from the Perspective of Cost and Waste of Electricity and Gas Energy Using AHP-TOPSIS 1 Technique: Study Example: Sari City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedomid%20Fatemi">Seyedomid Fatemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The walls of the building, as the main intermediary between the outside and the inside of the building, play an important role in controlling the environmental conditions and ensuring the comfort of the residents, thus reducing the heating and cooling loads. Therefore, the use of suitable materials is considered one of the simplest and most effective ways to reduce the heating and cooling loads of the building, which will also save energy. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of the research "Ranking of optimal materials for building walls," optimal materials for building walls in a temperate and humid climate (case example: Sari city) from the perspective of embodied energy, waste of electricity and gas energy, cost and reuse been investigated to achieve sustainable architecture. In this regard, using information obtained from Sari Municipality, design components have been presented by experts using the Delphi method. Considering the criteria of experts' opinions (cost and reuse), the amount of embodied energy of the materials, as well as the amount of waste of electricity and gas of different materials of the walls, with the help of the AHP weighting technique and finally with the TOPSIS technique, the best type of materials in the order of 1- 3-D Panel 2-ICF-, 3-Cement block with pumice, 4-Wallcrete block, 5-Clay block, 6-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC), 7-Foam cement block, 8-Aquapanel and 9-Reinforced concrete wall for use in The walls of the buildings were proposed in Sari city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20materials" title="optimum materials">optimum materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20walls" title=" building walls"> building walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderate%20and%20humid%20climate" title=" moderate and humid climate"> moderate and humid climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20architecture" title=" sustainable architecture"> sustainable architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AHP-TOPSIS%20technique" title=" AHP-TOPSIS technique"> AHP-TOPSIS technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165462/ranking-of-optimal-materials-for-building-walls-from-the-perspective-of-cost-and-waste-of-electricity-and-gas-energy-using-ahp-topsis-1-technique-study-example-sari-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Development of a Practical Screening Measure for the Prediction of Low Birth Weight and Neonatal Mortality in Upper Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prof.%20Ammal%20Mokhtar%20Metwally">Prof. Ammal Mokhtar Metwally</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20M.%20Sami"> Samia M. Sami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihad%20A.%20Ibrahim"> Nihad A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20A.%20Shaaban"> Fatma A. Shaaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20I.%20Salama"> Iman I. Salama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Reducing neonatal mortality by 2030 is still a challenging goal in developing countries. low birth weight (LBW) is a significant contributor to this, especially where weighing newborns is not possible routinely. The present study aimed to determine a simple, easy, reliable anthropometric measure(s) that can predict LBW) and neonatal mortality. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 570 babies born in districts of El Menia governorate, Egypt (where most deliveries occurred at home) was examined at birth. Newborn weight, length, head, chest, mid-arm, and thigh circumferences were measured. Follow up of the examined neonates took place during their first four weeks of life to report any mortalities. The most predictable anthropometric measures were determined using the statistical package of SPSS, and multiple Logistic regression analysis was performed.: Results: Head and chest circumferences with cut-off points < 33 cm and ≤ 31.5 cm, respectively, were the significant predictors for LBW. They carried the best combination of having the highest sensitivity (89.8 % & 86.4 %) and least false negative predictive value (1.4 % & 1.7 %). Chest circumference with a cut-off point ≤ 31.5 cm was the significant predictor for neonatal mortality with 83.3 % sensitivity and 0.43 % false negative predictive value. Conclusion: Using chest circumference with a cut-off point ≤ 31.5 cm is recommended as a single simple anthropometric measurement for the prediction of both LBW and neonatal mortality. The predicted measure could act as a substitute for weighting newborns in communities where scales to weigh them are not routinely available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20birth%20weight" title="low birth weight">low birth weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonatal%20mortality" title=" neonatal mortality"> neonatal mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometric%20measures" title=" anthropometric measures"> anthropometric measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practical%20screening" title=" practical screening"> practical screening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162775/development-of-a-practical-screening-measure-for-the-prediction-of-low-birth-weight-and-neonatal-mortality-in-upper-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Optimizing Nature Protection and Tourism in Urban Parks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milena%20Lakicevic">Milena Lakicevic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the problem of optimizing management options for urban parks within different scenarios of nature protection and tourism importance. The procedure is demonstrated on a case study example of urban parks in Novi Sad (Serbia). Six management strategies for the selected area have been processed by the decision support method PROMETHEE. Two criteria used for the evaluation were nature protection and tourism and each of them has been divided into a set of indicators: for nature protection those were biodiversity and preservation of original landscape, while for tourism those were recreation potential, aesthetic values, accessibility and culture features. It was pre-assumed that each indicator in a set is equally important to a corresponding criterion. This way, the research was focused on a sensitivity analysis of criteria weights. In other words, weights of indicators were fixed and weights of criteria altered along the entire scale (from the value of 0 to the value of 1), and the assessment has been performed in two-dimensional surrounding. As a result, one could conclude which management strategy would be the most appropriate along with changing of criteria importance. The final ranking of management alternatives was followed up by investigating the mean PROMETHEE Φ values for all options considered and when altering the importance of nature protection/tourism. This type of analysis enabled detecting an alternative with a solid performance along the entire scale, i.e., regardlessly of criteria importance. That management strategy can be seen as a compromise solution when the weight of criteria is not defined. As a conclusion, it can be said that, in some cases, instead of having criteria importance fixed it is important to test the outputs depending on the different schemes of criteria weighting. The research demonstrates the state of the final decision when the decision maker can estimate criteria importance, but also in cases when the importance of criteria is not established or known. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria%20weights" title="criteria weights">criteria weights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PROMETHEE" title=" PROMETHEE"> PROMETHEE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20parks" title=" urban parks"> urban parks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80129/optimizing-nature-protection-and-tourism-in-urban-parks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Life Cycle Assessment Comparison between Methanol and Ethanol Feedstock for the Biodiesel from Soybean Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawit%20Tangviroon">Pawit Tangviroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apichit%20Svang-Ariyaskul"> Apichit Svang-Ariyaskul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the limited availability of petroleum-based fuel has been a major concern, biodiesel is one of the most attractive alternative fuels because it is renewable and it also has advantages over the conventional petroleum-base diesel. At Present, productions of biodiesel generally perform by transesterification of vegetable oils with low molecular weight alcohol, mainly methanol, using chemical catalysts. Methanol is petrochemical product that makes biodiesel producing from methanol to be not pure renewable energy source. Therefore, ethanol as a product produced by fermentation processes. It appears as a potential feed stock that makes biodiesel to be pure renewable alternative fuel. The research is conducted based on two biodiesel production processes by reacting soybean oils with methanol and ethanol. Life cycle assessment was carried out in order to evaluate the environmental impacts and to identify the process alternative. Nine mid-point impact categories are investigated. The results indicate that better performance on Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP) and Acidification Potential (AP) are observed in biodiesel production from methanol when compared with biodiesel production from ethanol due to less energy consumption during the production processes. Except for ADP and AP, using methanol as feed stock does not show any advantages over biodiesel from ethanol. The single score method is also included in this study in order to identify the best option between two processes of biodiesel production. The global normalization and weighting factor based on eco-taxes are used and it shows that producing biodiesel form ethanol has less environmental load compare to biodiesel from methanol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol" title=" methanol"> methanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean%20oil" title=" soybean oil"> soybean oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8266/life-cycle-assessment-comparison-between-methanol-and-ethanol-feedstock-for-the-biodiesel-from-soybean-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Semantic Indexing Improvement for Textual Documents: Contribution of Classification by Fuzzy Association Rules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Maraoui">Mohsen Maraoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the aim of natural language processing applications improvement, such as information retrieval, machine translation, lexical disambiguation, we focus on statistical approach to semantic indexing for multilingual text documents based on conceptual network formalism. We propose to use this formalism as an indexing language to represent the descriptive concepts and their weighting. These concepts represent the content of the document. Our contribution is based on two steps. In the first step, we propose the extraction of index terms using the multilingual lexical resource Euro WordNet (EWN). In the second step, we pass from the representation of index terms to the representation of index concepts through conceptual network formalism. This network is generated using the EWN resource and pass by a classification step based on association rules model (in attempt to discover the non-taxonomic relations or contextual relations between the concepts of a document). These relations are latent relations buried in the text and carried by the semantic context of the co-occurrence of concepts in the document. Our proposed indexing approach can be applied to text documents in various languages because it is based on a linguistic method adapted to the language through a multilingual thesaurus. Next, we apply the same statistical process regardless of the language in order to extract the significant concepts and their associated weights. We prove that the proposed indexing approach provides encouraging results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20extraction" title="concept extraction">concept extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20network%20formalism" title=" conceptual network formalism"> conceptual network formalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20association%20rules" title=" fuzzy association rules"> fuzzy association rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingual%20thesaurus" title=" multilingual thesaurus"> multilingual thesaurus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20indexing" title=" semantic indexing"> semantic indexing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98854/semantic-indexing-improvement-for-textual-documents-contribution-of-classification-by-fuzzy-association-rules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> The Influence of Air Temperature Controls in Estimation of Air Temperature over Homogeneous Terrain </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariza%20Yunus">Fariza Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmee%20Jaafar"> Jasmee Jaafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zamalia%20Mahmud"> Zamalia Mahmud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Nisa%E2%80%99%20Khairul%20Azmi"> Nurul Nisa’ Khairul Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nursalleh%20K.%20Chang"> Nursalleh K. Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nursalleh%20K.%20Chang"> Nursalleh K. Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Variation of air temperature from one place to another is cause by air temperature controls. In general, the most important control of air temperature is elevation. Another significant independent variable in estimating air temperature is the location of meteorological stations. Distances to coastline and land use type are also contributed to significant variations in the air temperature. On the other hand, in homogeneous terrain direct interpolation of discrete points of air temperature work well to estimate air temperature values in un-sampled area. In this process the estimation is solely based on discrete points of air temperature. However, this study presents that air temperature controls also play significant roles in estimating air temperature over homogenous terrain of Peninsular Malaysia. An Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation technique was adopted to generate continuous data of air temperature. This study compared two different datasets, observed mean monthly data of T, and estimation error of T–T’, where T’ estimated value from a multiple regression model. The multiple regression model considered eight independent variables of elevation, latitude, longitude, coastline, and four land use types of water bodies, forest, agriculture and build up areas, to represent the role of air temperature controls. Cross validation analysis was conducted to review accuracy of the estimation values. Final results show, estimation values of T–T’ produced lower errors for mean monthly mean air temperature over homogeneous terrain in Peninsular Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature%20control" title="air temperature control">air temperature control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation%20analysis" title=" interpolation analysis"> interpolation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peninsular%20Malaysia" title=" peninsular Malaysia"> peninsular Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20model" title=" regression model"> regression model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature" title=" air temperature "> air temperature </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12799/the-influence-of-air-temperature-controls-in-estimation-of-air-temperature-over-homogeneous-terrain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> A Fuzzy Hybrıd Decısıon Support System for Naval Base Place Selectıon in a Foreıgn Country</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latif%20Yanar">Latif Yanar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muharrem%20Ka%C3%A7an"> Muharrem Kaçan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process Decision Support System (DSS) model for determination of a navy base place in another country is proposed together with a decision support software (DESTEC 1.0) developed using C Sharp programming language. The proposed software also has the ability of performing the fuzzy models (Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy ANP) of the proposed DSS to cope with the ambiguous and linguistic nature of the model. The AHP and ANP model, for a decision support for selecting the best place among the alternatives, including the criteria and alternatives, is developed and solved by the experts from Turkish Navy and Turkish academicians related to international relations branches of the universities in Turkey. Also, the questionnaires used for weighting of the criteria and the alternatives are filled by these experts.Some of our alternatives are: economic and political stability of the third country, the effect of another super power in that country, historical relations, security in that country, social facilities in the city in which the base will be built, the transportation security and difficulty from a main city that have an airport to the city will have the base etc. Over 20 criteria like these are determined which are categorized in social, political, economic and military aspects. As a result all the criteria and three alternatives are evaluated by different people who have background and experience to weight the criteria and alternatives as it must be in AHP and ANP evaluation system. The alternatives got their degrees all between 0 – 1 and the total is 1. At the end the DSS advices one of the alternatives as the best one to the decision maker according to the developed model and the evaluations of the experts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchical%20process" title="analytic hierarchical process">analytic hierarchical process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20network%20process" title=" analytic network process"> analytic network process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naval%20base%20place%20selection" title=" naval base place selection"> naval base place selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20criteria%20decision%20making" title=" multiple criteria decision making"> multiple criteria decision making</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7968/a-fuzzy-hybrid-decision-support-system-for-naval-base-place-selection-in-a-foreign-country" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Optimization of Smart Beta Allocation by Momentum Exposure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Frisch">J. B. Frisch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Evandiloff"> D. Evandiloff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Martin"> P. Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ouizille"> N. Ouizille</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Pires"> F. Pires </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smart Beta strategies intend to be an asset management revolution with reference to classical cap-weighted indices. Indeed, these strategies allow a better control on portfolios risk factors and an optimized asset allocation by taking into account specific risks or wishes to generate alpha by outperforming indices called 'Beta'. Among many strategies independently used, this paper focuses on four of them: Minimum Variance Portfolio, Equal Risk Contribution Portfolio, Maximum Diversification Portfolio, and Equal-Weighted Portfolio. Their efficiency has been proven under constraints like momentum or market phenomenon, suggesting a reconsideration of cap-weighting.  To further increase strategy return efficiency, it is proposed here to compare their strengths and weaknesses inside time intervals corresponding to specific identifiable market phases, in order to define adapted strategies depending on pre-specified situations.  Results are presented as performance curves from different combinations compared to a benchmark. If a combination outperforms the applicable benchmark in well-defined actual market conditions, it will be preferred. It is mainly shown that such investment 'rules', based on both historical data and evolution of Smart Beta strategies, and implemented according to available specific market data, are providing very interesting optimal results with higher return performance and lower risk.  Such combinations have not been fully exploited yet and justify present approach aimed at identifying relevant elements characterizing them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20beta" title="smart beta">smart beta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20variance%20portfolio" title=" minimum variance portfolio"> minimum variance portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equal%20risk%20contribution%20portfolio" title=" equal risk contribution portfolio"> equal risk contribution portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20diversification%20portfolio" title=" maximum diversification portfolio"> maximum diversification portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equal%20weighted%20portfolio" title=" equal weighted portfolio"> equal weighted portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combinations" title=" combinations"> combinations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9011/optimization-of-smart-beta-allocation-by-momentum-exposure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Environmental Decision Making Model for Assessing On-Site Performances of Building Subcontractors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buket%20Metin">Buket Metin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Buildings cause a variety of loads on the environment due to activities performed at each stage of the building life cycle. Construction is the first stage that affects both the natural and built environments at different steps of the process, which can be defined as transportation of materials within the construction site, formation and preparation of materials on-site and the application of materials to realize the building subsystems. All of these steps require the use of technology, which varies based on the facilities that contractors and subcontractors have. Hence, environmental consequences of the construction process should be tackled by focusing on construction technology options used in every step of the process. This paper presents an environmental decision-making model for assessing on-site performances of subcontractors based on the construction technology options which they can supply. First, construction technologies, which constitute information, tools and methods, are classified. Then, environmental performance criteria are set forth related to resource consumption, ecosystem quality, and human health issues. Finally, the model is developed based on the relationships between the construction technology components and the environmental performance criteria. The Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method is used for weighting the environmental performance criteria according to environmental priorities of decision-maker(s), while the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used for ranking on-site environmental performances of subcontractors using quantitative data related to the construction technology components. Thus, the model aims to provide an insight to decision-maker(s) about the environmental consequences of the construction process and to provide an opportunity to improve the overall environmental performance of construction sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20process" title="construction process">construction process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20technology" title=" construction technology"> construction technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20performance" title=" environmental performance"> environmental performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subcontractor" title=" subcontractor"> subcontractor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54117/environmental-decision-making-model-for-assessing-on-site-performances-of-building-subcontractors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Community Perceptions towards Nature Conservation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Angwenyi">Daniel Angwenyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Relationships between protected area managers and adjacent communities, as well as communities' attitudes, views and perceptions of these areas, are critical for the success of conservation efforts. It is, therefore, of utmost importance for protected area managers and administrators understand how local communities view these areas and their management, so that they can build sustainable working relationships. This paper is based on a survey of 375 semi-structured questionnaires administered to household heads, living at distances ranging from the edge of the reserves to 50 km away from the reserve boundary across Great Fish River, Mkambati, Hluleka, and Tsolwana in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The paper provides a longitudinal assessment of households’ knowledge on the role of reserves and how the reserves. In addition to households’ knowledge, the paper also provides an assessment of their attitudes towards the location and management, as well as views on the best way to manage the reserves. For 79% of community members reserves are important as they were seen to conserve biodiversity and valuable ecological systems necessary for sustaining life. Most (75%) respondents indicated that closely located reserves gave them opportunities to learn about nature conservation and to subsidize their incomes through tourism ventures. However, 58% had a problem with reserves’ staff, due to restrictions on resource use, which negatively impacted their livelihoods. Over half (51%) of the households were of the view that sustainable conservation can only be achieved through an integrated approach, where local communities’ and conservation needs are given equal weighting. Thus, it is concluded that reserve management should look at communities as active partners in the running of protected areas if sustainable conservation objectives are to be realised. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature%20conservation" title="nature conservation">nature conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20knowledge" title=" conservation knowledge"> conservation knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20communities" title=" local communities"> local communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=views" title=" views"> views</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protected%20areas" title=" protected areas"> protected areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121878/community-perceptions-towards-nature-conservation-in-the-eastern-cape-province-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Optimal Construction Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20Karamoozian">Masood Karamoozian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Hong"> Zhang Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The necessity and complexity of the decision-making process and the interference of the various factors to make decisions and consider all the relevant factors in a problem are very obvious nowadays. Hence, researchers show their interest in multi-criteria decision-making methods. In this research, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods of multi-criteria decision-making have been used to solve the problem of optimal construction systems. Systems being evaluated in this problem include; Light Steel Frames (LSF), a case study of designs by Zhang Hong studio in the Southeast University of Nanjing, Insulating Concrete Form (ICF), Ordinary Construction System (OCS), and Prefabricated Concrete System (PRCS) as another case study designs in Zhang Hong studio in the Southeast University of Nanjing. Crowdsourcing was done by using a questionnaire at the sample level (200 people). Questionnaires were distributed among experts, university centers, and conferences. According to the results of the research, the use of different methods of decision-making led to relatively the same results. In this way, with the use of all three multi-criteria decision-making methods mentioned above, the Prefabricated Concrete System (PRCS) was in the first rank, and the Light Steel Frame (LSF) system ranked second. Also, the Prefabricated Concrete System (PRCS), in terms of performance standards and economics, was ranked first, and the Light Steel Frame (LSF) system was allocated the first rank in terms of environmental standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20decision%20making" title="multi-criteria decision making">multi-criteria decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AHP" title=" AHP"> AHP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAW" title=" SAW"> SAW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOPSIS" title=" TOPSIS"> TOPSIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158213/optimal-construction-using-multi-criteria-decision-making-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Academic Education and Internship towards Architecture Professional Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawsan%20Saridar%20masri">Sawsan Saridar masri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20Arnaouty"> Hisham Arnaouty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Architecture both defines and is defined by social, cultural, political and financial constraints: this is where the discipline and the profession of architecture meet. This mutual sway evolves wherever interferences in the built environment are thought-out and can be strengthened or weakened by the many ways in which the practice of architecture can be undertaken. The more familiar we are about the concerns and factors that control what can be made, the greater the opportunities to propose and make appropriate architectures. Apparently, the criteria in any qualification policy should permit flexibility of approach and will – for reasons including cultural choice, political issues, and son on – vary significantly from country to country. However the weighting of the various criteria have to ensure adequate standards both in educational system as in the professional training. This paper develops, deepens and questions about the regulatory entry routes to the professional practice of architecture in the Arab world. It is also intended to provide an informed basis about strategies for conventional and unconventional models of practice in preparation for the next stages of architect’s work experience and professional experience. With the objective of promoting the implementation of adequate built environment in the practice of architecture, a comprehensive analysis of various pathways of access to the profession are selected as case studies, encompassing examples from across the world. The review of such case studies allows the creation of a comprehensive picture in relation to the conditions for qualification of practitioners of the built environment at the level of the Middle Eastern countries and the Arab World. Such investigation considers the following aspects: professional title and domain of practice, accreditation of courses, internship and professional training, professional examination and continuing professional development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internship" title=" internship"> internship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20practice" title=" professional practice"> professional practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34635/academic-education-and-internship-towards-architecture-professional-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Municipal Solid Waste Management Using Life Cycle Assessment Approach: Case Study of Maku City, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Heidari">L. Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jalili%20Ghazizade"> M. Jalili Ghazizade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to determine the best environmental and economic scenario for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management of the Maku city by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The functional elements of this study are collection, transportation, and disposal of MSW in Maku city. Waste composition and density, as two key parameters of MSW, have been determined by field sampling, and then, the other important specifications of MSW like chemical formula, thermal energy and water content were calculated. These data beside other information related to collection and disposal facilities are used as a reliable source of data to assess the environmental impacts of different waste management options, including landfills, composting, recycling and energy recovery. The environmental impact of MSW management options has been investigated in 15 different scenarios by Integrated Waste Management (IWM) software. The photochemical smog, greenhouse gases, acid gases, toxic emissions, and energy consumption of each scenario are measured. Then, the environmental indices of each scenario are specified by weighting these parameters. Economic costs of scenarios have been also compared with each other based on literature. As final result, since the organic materials make more than 80% of the waste, compost can be a suitable method. Although the major part of the remaining 20% of waste can be recycled, due to the high cost of necessary equipment, the landfill option has been suggested. Therefore, the scenario with 80% composting and 20% landfilling is selected as superior environmental and economic scenario. This study shows that, to select a scenario with practical applications, simultaneously environmental and economic aspects of different scenarios must be considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IWM%20software" title="IWM software">IWM software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maku" title=" Maku"> Maku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste%20management" title=" municipal solid waste management"> municipal solid waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73084/municipal-solid-waste-management-using-life-cycle-assessment-approach-case-study-of-maku-city-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Africa and the Gas Supply Crisis to European Countries under the Russian-Ukrainian War: A Study on the Nigerian-Algerian Gas Pipeline project Importance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Lamine%20Benaouda">Mohammed Lamine Benaouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper seeks to shed light on the African continent role with the crisis of natural gas supplies to European countries, which resulted from the repercussions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, by examining the case of re-launching the Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline project Nigeria-Algeria, and clarifying the strategic importance This project is mutually beneficial in the long run. The paper relied on the analytical and statistical method in order to find out the the impact that the project represents on the huge needs of the European gas market on the one hand, and monitoring the various economic gains for Algeria and Nigeria on the other hand, in addition, the comparative approach to assess the possible effects of the success and feasibility of the project economy for all its beneficiaries. The paper founds that the complexity has multiplied in the global energy market in general and the European one in particular, following what the world witnessed from the repercussions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, as well as the extreme importance of the poles of African countries in the arena of the international struggle over resources, which allows them a margin From maneuvering and regional and global influence in various fields. With regard to the research outcoms and the future scope, the researcher believes that the African continent, in light of international competition and conflict, as well as what the world is witnessing in terms of restoring balances of power in the current international system, will play very important roles, especially with its enormous natural and human capabilities, which enable it to Weighting future conflicts over energy and spheres of influence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algeria" title="algeria">algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nigeria" title=" nigeria"> nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=west%20africa" title=" west africa"> west africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECOWAS" title=" ECOWAS"> ECOWAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20supplies" title=" gas supplies"> gas supplies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=russia" title=" russia"> russia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ukrain" title=" ukrain"> ukrain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163775/africa-and-the-gas-supply-crisis-to-european-countries-under-the-russian-ukrainian-war-a-study-on-the-nigerian-algerian-gas-pipeline-project-importance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Risk Assessment of Contamination by Heavy Metals in Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex of Iran Using Topsis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Hassani">Hossein Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Rezaei"> Ali Rezaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the study of soil contamination problems surrounding mines and smelting plants has attracted some serious attention of the environmental experts. These elements due to the non- chemical disintegration and nature are counted as environmental stable and durable contaminants. Variability of these contaminants in the soil and the time and financial limitation for the favorable environmental application, in order to reduce the risk of their irreparable negative consequences on environment, caused to apply the favorable grading of these contaminant for the further success of the risk management processes. In this study, we use the contaminants factor risk indices, average concentration, enrichment factor and geoaccumulation indices for evaluating the metal contaminant of including Pb, Ni, Se, Mo and Zn in the soil of Sarcheshmeh copper mine area. For this purpose, 120 surface soil samples up to the depth of 30 cm have been provided from the study area. And the metals have been analyzed using ICP-MS method. Comparison of the heavy and potentially toxic elements concentration in the soil samples with the world average value of the uncontaminated soil and shale average indicates that the value of Zn, Pb, Ni, Se and Mo is higher than the world average value and only the Ni element shows the lower value than the shale average. Expert opinions on the relative importance of each indicators were used to assign a final weighting of the metals and the heavy metals were ranked using the TOPSIS approach. This allows us to carry out efficient environmental proceedings, leading to the reduction of environmental ricks form the contaminants. According to the results, Ni, Pb, Mo, Zn, and Se have the highest rate of risk contamination in the soil samples of the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination%20coefficient" title="contamination coefficient">contamination coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoaccumulation%20factor" title=" geoaccumulation factor"> geoaccumulation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOPSIS%20techniques" title=" TOPSIS techniques"> TOPSIS techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarcheshmeh%20copper%20complex" title=" Sarcheshmeh copper complex"> Sarcheshmeh copper complex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51426/risk-assessment-of-contamination-by-heavy-metals-in-sarcheshmeh-copper-complex-of-iran-using-topsis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Soil pH around the Balikesir City, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%87a%C4%9Fan%20Alevkayali">Çağan Alevkayali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eermin%20Ta%C4%9Fil"> Şermin Tağil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of soil pH surface distribution in urban areas is substantial for sustainable development. Changes on soil properties occur due to functions on performed in agriculture, industry and other urban functions. Soil pH is important to effect on soil productivity which based on sensitive and complex relation between plant and soil. Furthermore, the spatial variability of soil reaction is necessary to measure the effects of urbanization. The objective of this study was to explore the spatial variation of soil pH quality and the influence factors of human land use on soil Ph around Balikesir City using data for 2015 and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For this, soil samples were taken from 40 different locations, and collected with the method of "Systematic Random" from the pits at 0-20 cm depths, because anthropologic sourced pollutants accumulate on upper layers of soil. The study area was divided into a grid system with 750 x 750 m. GPS was used to determine sampling locations, and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation technique was used to analyze the spatial distribution of pH in the study area and to predict the variable values of un-exampled places with the help from the values of exampled places. Natural soil acidity and alkalinity depend on interaction between climate, vegetation, and soil geological properties. However, analyzing soil pH is important to indirectly evaluate soil pollution caused by urbanization and industrialization. The result of this study showed that soil pH around the Balikesir City was neutral, in generally, with values were between 6.5 and 7.0. On the other hand, some slight changes were demonstrated around open dump areas and the small industrial sites. The results obtained from this study can be indicator of important soil problems and this data can be used by ecologists, planners and managers to protect soil supplies around the Balikesir City. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balikesir" title="Balikesir">Balikesir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDW" title=" IDW"> IDW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20variability" title=" spatial variability"> spatial variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20pH" title=" soil pH"> soil pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48585/spatiotemporal-variation-characteristics-of-soil-ph-around-the-balikesir-city-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Corrosion Analysis and Interfacial Characterization of Al – Steel Metal Inert Gas Weld - Braze Dissimilar Joints by Micro Area X-Ray Diffraction Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Sravanthi">S. S. Sravanthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Ghosh%20Acharyya"> Swati Ghosh Acharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automotive light weighting is of major prominence in the current times due to its contribution in improved fuel economy and reduced environmental pollution. Various arc welding technologies are being employed in the production of automobile components with reduced weight. The present study is of practical importance since it involves preferential substitution of Zinc coated mild steel with a light weight alloy such as 6061 Aluminium by means of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) – Brazing technique at different processing parameters. However, the fabricated joints have shown the generation of Al – Fe layer at the interfacial regions which was confirmed by the Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy. These Al-Fe compounds not only affect the mechanical strength, but also predominantly deteriorate the corrosion resistance of the joints. Hence, it is essential to understand the phases formed in this layer and their crystal structure. Micro area X - ray diffraction technique has been exclusively used for this study. Moreover, the crevice corrosion analysis at the joint interfaces was done by exposing the joints to 5 wt.% FeCl<sub>3</sub> solution at regular time intervals as per ASTM G 48-03. The joints have shown a decreased crevice corrosion resistance with increased heat intensity. Inner surfaces of welds have shown severe oxide cracking and a remarkable weight loss when exposed to concentrated FeCl<sub>3</sub>. The weight loss was enhanced with decreased filler wire feed rate and increased heat intensity.  <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobiles" title="automobiles">automobiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding" title=" welding"> welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lap%20joints" title=" lap joints"> lap joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micro%20XRD" title=" Micro XRD"> Micro XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107037/corrosion-analysis-and-interfacial-characterization-of-al-steel-metal-inert-gas-weld-braze-dissimilar-joints-by-micro-area-x-ray-diffraction-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Assessment of the Road Safety Performance in National Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20K.%20Jameel">Abeer K. Jameel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harry%20Evdorides"> Harry Evdorides</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Assessment of the road safety performance is a challengeable issue. This is not only because of the ineffective and unreliability of road and traffic crash data system but also because of its systematic character. Recent strategic plans and interventions implemented in some of the developed countries where a significant decline in the rate of traffic and road crashes considers that the road safety is a system. This system consists of four main elements which are: road user, road infrastructure, vehicles and speed in addition to other supporting elements such as the institutional framework and post-crash care system. To assess the performance of a system, it is required to assess all its elements. To present an understandable results of the assessment, it is required to present a unique term representing the performance of the overall system. This paper aims to develop an overall performance indicator which may be used to assess the road safety system. The variables of this indicators are the main elements of the road safety system. The data regarding these variables will be collected from the World Health Organization report. Multi-criteria analysis method is used to aggregate the four sub-indicators for the four variables. Two weighting methods will be assumed, equal weights and different weights. For the different weights method, the factor analysis method is used. The weights then will be converting to scores. The total score will be the overall indicator for the road safety performance in a national scale. This indicator will be used to compare and rank countries according to their road safety performance indicator. The country with the higher score is the country which provides most sustainable and effective interventions for successful road safety system. These indicator will be tested by comparing them with the aggregate real crash rate for each country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20analysis" title="factor analysis">factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi-criteria%20analysis" title=" Multi-criteria analysis"> Multi-criteria analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety%20assessment" title=" road safety assessment"> road safety assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe%20system%20indicator" title=" safe system indicator"> safe system indicator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86763/assessment-of-the-road-safety-performance-in-national-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Analysis of Factors Affecting the Number of Infant and Maternal Mortality in East Java with Geographically Weighted Bivariate Generalized Poisson Regression Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luh%20Eka%20Suryani">Luh Eka Suryani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purhadi"> Purhadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poisson regression is a non-linear regression model with response variable in the form of count data that follows Poisson distribution. Modeling for a pair of count data that show high correlation can be analyzed by Poisson Bivariate Regression. Data, the number of infant mortality and maternal mortality, are count data that can be analyzed by Poisson Bivariate Regression. The Poisson regression assumption is an equidispersion where the mean and variance values are equal. However, the actual count data has a variance value which can be greater or less than the mean value (overdispersion and underdispersion). Violations of this assumption can be overcome by applying Generalized Poisson Regression. Characteristics of each regency can affect the number of cases occurred. This issue can be overcome by spatial analysis called geographically weighted regression. This study analyzes the number of infant mortality and maternal mortality based on conditions in East Java in 2016 using Geographically Weighted Bivariate Generalized Poisson Regression (GWBGPR) method. Modeling is done with adaptive bisquare Kernel weighting which produces 3 regency groups based on infant mortality rate and 5 regency groups based on maternal mortality rate. Variables that significantly influence the number of infant and maternal mortality are the percentages of pregnant women visit health workers at least 4 times during pregnancy, pregnant women get Fe3 tablets, obstetric complication handled, clean household and healthy behavior, and married women with the first marriage age under 18 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20bisquare%20kernel" title="adaptive bisquare kernel">adaptive bisquare kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GWBGPR" title=" GWBGPR"> GWBGPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infant%20mortality" title=" infant mortality"> infant mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20mortality" title=" maternal mortality"> maternal mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overdispersion" title=" overdispersion"> overdispersion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98212/analysis-of-factors-affecting-the-number-of-infant-and-maternal-mortality-in-east-java-with-geographically-weighted-bivariate-generalized-poisson-regression-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> An Evaluation of Education Provision for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Ireland: The Role of the Special Needs Assistant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claire%20P.%20Griffin">Claire P. Griffin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The education provision for students with special educational needs, including students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), has undergone significant national and international changes in recent years. In particular, an increase in resource-based provision has occurred across educational settings in an effort to support inclusive practices. This paper seeks to explore the role of the Special Needs Assistant (SNA) in supporting children with ASD in Irish schools. This research stems from the second national evaluation of ‘Education Provision for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Ireland’ (NCSE, 2016). This research was commissioned by the National Council for Special Education (NCSE) in Ireland and conducted by a team of researchers from Mary Immaculate College, Limerick from February to July 2014. This study involved a multiple case study research strategy across 24 educational sites, as selected through a stratified sampling process. Research strategies included semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, documentary review and child conversations. Data analysis was conducted electronically using Nvivo software, with use of an additional quantitative recording mechanism based on scaled weighting criteria for collected data. Based on such information, key findings from the NCSE national evaluation will be presented and critically reviewed, with particular reference to the role of the SNA in supporting pupils with ASD. Examples of positive practice inherent within the SNA role will be outlined and contrasted with discrete areas for development. Based on such findings, recommendations for the evolving role of the SNA will be presented, with the aim of informing both policy and best practice within the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title="autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20education" title=" inclusive education "> inclusive education </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraprofessional" title=" paraprofessional"> paraprofessional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20needs%20assistant" title=" special needs assistant"> special needs assistant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58118/an-evaluation-of-education-provision-for-students-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-in-ireland-the-role-of-the-special-needs-assistant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">4</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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