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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Home_rule_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_rule_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Home rule movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_rule_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disestablishment_of_the_Anglican_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disestablishment_of_the_Anglican_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Disestablishment of the Anglican church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disestablishment_of_the_Anglican_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Home rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Welsh_institutions_form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Welsh_institutions_form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Welsh institutions form</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Welsh_institutions_form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_for_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_for_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Council for Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_for_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament_for_Wales_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament_for_Wales_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Parliament for Wales campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament_for_Wales_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Welsh_Office_&_Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Welsh_Office_&_Secretary_of_State_for_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Welsh Office & Secretary of State for Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Welsh_Office_&_Secretary_of_State_for_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_flag_and_capital_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_flag_and_capital_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Official flag and capital city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_flag_and_capital_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Plaid_Cymru_MP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Plaid_Cymru_MP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>First Plaid Cymru MP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Plaid_Cymru_MP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Assembly_referendums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Assembly_referendums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.9</span> <span>National Assembly referendums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly_referendums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Devolved_legislature_(1998–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Devolved_legislature_(1998–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Devolved legislature (1998–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Devolved_legislature_(1998–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Law making</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_country_and_language_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_country_and_language_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Official country and language status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_country_and_language_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Further powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currently_devolved_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currently_devolved_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Currently devolved powers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Currently_devolved_powers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Currently devolved powers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Currently_devolved_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_of_Wales_Act_1998" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_of_Wales_Act_1998"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Government of Wales Act 1998</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_of_Wales_Act_1998-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_of_Wales_Act_2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Government of Wales Act 2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_of_Wales_Act_2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales_Act_2014:_Tax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales_Act_2014:_Tax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Wales Act 2014: Tax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales_Act_2014:_Tax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales_Act_2017:_Reserved_Powers_Model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales_Act_2017:_Reserved_Powers_Model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Wales Act 2017: Reserved Powers Model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales_Act_2017:_Reserved_Powers_Model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schedule_7A_-_Reserved_Matters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schedule_7A_-_Reserved_Matters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Schedule 7A - Reserved Matters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schedule_7A_-_Reserved_Matters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_1_–_General_Reservations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_1_–_General_Reservations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Part 1 – General Reservations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_1_–_General_Reservations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_2_–_Specific_Reservations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_2_–_Specific_Reservations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Part 2 – Specific Reservations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_2_–_Specific_Reservations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schedule_7B:_Restrictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schedule_7B:_Restrictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>Schedule 7B: Restrictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schedule_7B:_Restrictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_further_devolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_further_devolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Proposed further devolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_further_devolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restrictions_by_UK_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restrictions_by_UK_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Restrictions by UK government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restrictions_by_UK_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment_of_devolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment_of_devolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Assessment of devolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Assessment_of_devolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Assessment of devolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Assessment_of_devolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Economic impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_party_position_on_devolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_party_position_on_devolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Political party position on devolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_party_position_on_devolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referendum_results_and_opinion_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referendum_results_and_opinion_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referendum results and opinion polling</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referendum_results_and_opinion_polling-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Referendum results and opinion polling subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referendum_results_and_opinion_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polls_on_devolution_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polls_on_devolution_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Polls on devolution status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polls_on_devolution_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polls_on_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polls_on_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Polls on powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polls_on_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polls_on_parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polls_on_parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Polls on parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polls_on_parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Wales" title="Category:Politics of Wales">a series</a> within the<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics of Wales</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Badge_of_Wales.svg/100px-Royal_Badge_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Badge_of_Wales.svg/150px-Royal_Badge_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Royal_Badge_of_Wales.svg/200px-Royal_Badge_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="1239" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Monarch</a></b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Heir Apparent</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> </p> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Royal prerogative in the United Kingdom">Prerogative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">Lord-lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llwynywermod" title="Llwynywermod">Llwynywermod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wales" title="Principality of Wales">Principality of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">Welsh republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Eluned_Morgan_government" title="Eluned Morgan government">Eluned Morgan government</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Governments" title="List of Welsh Governments">list</a>) <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ministers_of_Wales" title="List of first ministers of Wales">list</a>)<br /> <small><a href="/wiki/Rt_Hon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rt Hon">Rt Hon</a></small> <a href="/wiki/Eluned_Morgan,_Baroness_Morgan_of_Ely" class="mw-redirect" title="Eluned Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Ely">Eluned Morgan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">MS</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">L</a>) </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_First_Minister_of_Wales" title="Deputy First Minister of Wales">Deputy First Minister</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Huw_Irranca-Davies" title="Huw Irranca-Davies">Huw Irranca-Davies</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">MS</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">L</a>) </p> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government#Cabinet_secretaries_and_ministers" title="Welsh Government">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government#Civil_Service" title="Welsh Government">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government#Budget" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Wales" title="Taxation in Wales">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government#Directorates" title="Welsh Government">Directorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government_sponsored_body" title="Welsh Government sponsored body">Sponsored bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_the_United_Kingdom#Welsh_Government" title="State-owned enterprises of the United Kingdom">State-owned enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Buildings,_Cathays_Park" title="Crown Buildings, Cathays Park">Crown Buildings, Cathays Park</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Counsel_General_for_Wales" title="Counsel General for Wales">Counsel General-designate</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Jones" title="Elisabeth Jones">Elisabeth Jones</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_(Wales)" title="Chief Whip (Wales)">Chief Whip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trefnydd_of_the_Senedd" title="Trefnydd of the Senedd">Trefnydd</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jane_Hutt" title="Jane Hutt">Jane Hutt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">MS</a></span> (L) <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Secretary_of_the_Welsh_Government" title="Permanent Secretary of the Welsh Government">Permanent Secretary</a> </p> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Wales" title="International relations of Wales">International relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Wales#Welsh_international_offices" title="International relations of Wales">Welsh Government international offices</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_6th_Senedd" title="Members of the 6th Senedd">Sixth Senedd</a> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Llywydd_of_the_Senedd" title="Llywydd of the Senedd">Llywydd (Presiding Officer)</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Elin_Jones" title="Elin Jones">Elin Jones</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">MS</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">PC</a>) </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Wales)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Wales)">Leader of the Opposition</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_RT_Davies" title="Andrew RT Davies">Andrew RT Davies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">MS</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives" title="Welsh Conservatives">C</a>) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Wales" title="Shadow Cabinet of Wales">Shadow Cabinet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fourth_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Andrew_RT_Davies" title="Fourth Shadow Cabinet of Andrew RT Davies">current</a>) </p> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Welsh law</a> <ul><li>Primary (<div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Senedd_Cymru" title="Act of Senedd Cymru">Acts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Measure_of_the_National_Assembly_for_Wales" title="Measure of the National Assembly for Wales">Measures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_and_measures_of_Senedd_Cymru" title="List of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru">list</a></li></ul></div>)</li> <li>Secondary (<div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_statutory_instrument" title="Welsh statutory instrument">Statutory instruments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statutory_instruments_of_the_Welsh_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of statutory instruments of the Welsh Assembly">list</a></li></ul></div>)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Senedd" title="Member of the Senedd">Members (MSs)</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_6th_Senedd" title="Members of the 6th Senedd">Current members</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Senedd_elections" title="List of Senedd elections">Elections</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_by-elections_to_the_Senedd" title="List of by-elections to the Senedd">by-elections</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Senedd_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Senedd constituencies and electoral regions">Constituencies and electoral regions</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister%27s_Questions#Senedd" title="First Minister's Questions">First Minister's Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd_Commissioner_for_Standards" title="Senedd Commissioner for Standards">Senedd Commissioner for Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">Devolution referendum</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">2011 referendum</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_1998" title="Government of Wales Act 1998">Government of Wales Act 1998</a> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">2006 Act</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2014" title="Wales Act 2014">2014 Act</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2017" title="Wales Act 2017">2017 Act</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd#Buildings" title="Senedd">Senedd estate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Senedd_building" title="Senedd building">Senedd building</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_Hywel" title="Tŷ Hywel">Tŷ Hywel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pierhead_Building" title="Pierhead Building">Pierhead Building</a>)</li></ul></div></li></ul></li></ul> </li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wales and the United Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">HM Government</a></b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Starmer_ministry" title="Starmer ministry">Starmer ministry</a></div> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></b><br /> <small><a href="/wiki/Rt_Hon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rt Hon">Rt Hon</a></small> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State for Wales</a></b><br /> <small><a href="/wiki/Rt_Hon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rt Hon">Rt Hon</a></small> <a href="/wiki/Jo_Stevens" title="Jo Stevens">Jo Stevens</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a></span> (L) </p> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Wales_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Wales (2024–present)">59th Parliament</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></li></ul></div></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Office" title="Wales Office">Wales Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Wales">Under-Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Grand_Committee" title="Welsh Grand Committee">Welsh Grand Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Welsh Affairs Select Committee">Welsh Affairs Select Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interministerial_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Interministerial Standing Committee">Interministerial Standing Committee</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">Government of Wales Act 2006</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales#UK_parliament_elections" title="Elections in Wales">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_Parliament_constituencies_in_Wales" title="List of UK Parliament constituencies in Wales">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Wales_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Wales (2024–present)">Current Westminster MPs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett_formula" title="Barnett formula">Barnett formula</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_devolved_matters_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="List of devolved matters in Wales">Devolved matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_and_excepted_matters" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserved and excepted matters">Reserved matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_consent_motion" title="Legislative consent motion">Legislative consent motion</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Wales" title="Unionism in Wales">Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Independence</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">Law and justice</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales-only_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales-only laws">Wales-only laws</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_and_Berwick_Act_1746" title="Wales and Berwick Act 1746">Wales and Berwick Act 1746</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Wales" title="Capital of Wales">Capital of Wales</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Welsh_Tribunals" title="President of Welsh Tribunals">President of Welsh Tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_forces_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Police forces of Wales">Police forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_crime_commissioner" title="Police and crime commissioner">Police and crime commissioner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Police_and_crime_commissioner#Wales" title="Police and crime commissioner">list</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">History</a> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Wales" title="Subdivisions of Wales">Subdivisions of Wales</a></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">Historic counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Historic_Counties_of_Wales" title="Template:Historic Counties of Wales">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preserved_counties_of_Wales" title="Preserved counties of Wales">Preserved counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Wales_preserved_counties" title="Template:Wales preserved counties">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Principal areas of Wales">Principal areas</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_principal_areas" title="List of Welsh principal areas">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Wales" title="Districts of Wales">Former districts</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_and_urban_districts_in_Wales_in_1973" title="List of rural and urban districts in Wales in 1973">list pre-1973</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Wales#Districts_1974–1996" title="Districts of Wales">list 1974-1996</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_(Wales)" title="Community (Wales)">Communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Wales" title="List of communities in Wales">list</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local government</a></div> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_authorities_of_Wales" title="Category:Local authorities of Wales">Principal councils</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Welsh_councils" title="List of leaders of Welsh councils">leader list</a>) <a href="/wiki/Corporate_Joint_Committee" title="Corporate Joint Committee">Corporate Joint Committees</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales#Cities" title="Local government in Wales">Cities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Wales" title="List of cities in Wales">list</a>)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_Cardiff" title="Politics in Cardiff">Cardiff</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cardiff" title="List of mayors of Cardiff">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Council" title="Cardiff Council">Council</a>)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a> (<a href="/wiki/City_and_County_of_Swansea_Council#Mayoralty" title="City and County of Swansea Council">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/City_and_County_of_Swansea_Council" title="City and County of Swansea Council">Council</a>)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Newport" title="Mayor of Newport">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Newport_City_Council" title="Newport City Council">Council</a>)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Wrexham" title="Mayor of Wrexham">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wrexham_County_Borough_Council" title="Wrexham County Borough Council">Council</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_council#Wales" title="Community council">Community council</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Wales" title="List of communities in Wales">list</a>)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom#Wales" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Communities with city status</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_City_Council" title="Bangor City Council">Bangor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph#Governance" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids#Governance" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Wales" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Wales">Local twinning</a> </p> <hr /> <p>see also: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Wales" title="Regions of Wales">Regional terms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_economy_in_Wales" title="Regional economy in Wales">Regional economy</a> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales" title="Elections in Wales">Elections and referendums</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales#Devolved_parliament_elections" title="Elections in Wales">Senedd elections</a></b><br /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="1999 National Assembly for Wales election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2003 National Assembly for Wales election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2007 National Assembly for Wales election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2011 National Assembly for Wales election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2016 National Assembly for Wales election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Senedd_election" title="Next Senedd election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales#UK_parliament_elections" title="Elections in Wales">United Kingdom Parliament elections</a></b><br /> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_(Wales)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Parliament of the United Kingdom (Wales) (page does not exist)">1801 co-option</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1802_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1802 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1806_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1806 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1807_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1807 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1812 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1818_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1818 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1820_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1820 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1826_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1826 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1830_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1831 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1832_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1832 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1835_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1835 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1837_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1837 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1841_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1841 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1847_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1847 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1852_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1852 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1857_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1857 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1859 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1865 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1868 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1874_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1874 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1880_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1880 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1885_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1885 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1886_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1886 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1892_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1892 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1895_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1895 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1906_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1906 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1910 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1910 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1923_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1923 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1945_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1945 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1974 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election in Wales (page does not exist)">1974 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in Wales">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in Wales">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in Wales">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="1992 United Kingdom general election in Wales">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="1997 United Kingdom general election in Wales">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2001 United Kingdom general election in Wales">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in Wales">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in Wales">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2015 United Kingdom general election in Wales">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2017 United Kingdom general election in Wales">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2019 United Kingdom general election in Wales">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2024 United Kingdom general election in Wales">2024</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales#European_Parliament" title="Elections in Wales">European Parliament elections (1979–2020)</a></b><br /> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales#Local_government_elections" title="Elections in Wales">Local elections</a></b><br /> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_Welsh_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 Welsh local elections (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Welsh_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 Welsh local elections (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Welsh_local_elections" title="1991 Welsh local elections">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Welsh_local_elections" title="1993 Welsh local elections">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Welsh_local_elections" title="1995 Welsh local elections">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Welsh_local_elections" title="1999 Welsh local elections">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Welsh_local_elections" title="2004 Welsh local elections">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Welsh_local_elections" title="2008 Welsh local elections">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Welsh_local_elections" title="2012 Welsh local elections">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Welsh_local_elections" title="2017 Welsh local elections">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Welsh_local_elections" title="2022 Welsh local elections">2022</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales#Police_and_crime_commissioner_elections" title="Elections in Wales">Police and crime commissioner elections</a></b><br /> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_England_and_Wales_police_and_crime_commissioner_elections" title="2012 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_England_and_Wales_police_and_crime_commissioner_elections" title="2016 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_England_and_Wales_police_and_crime_commissioner_elections" title="2021 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections">2021</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">Referendums</a></b><br /> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Welsh devolution referendum">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1915%E2%80%931916_Church_of_England_border_polls" title="1915–1916 Church of England border polls">1915–16 Anglican border polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales_mayoral_referendums" title="England and Wales mayoral referendums">2004 Ceredigion mayoral</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senedd_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Senedd constituencies and electoral regions">Senedd constituencies and electoral regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_Parliament_constituencies_in_Wales" title="List of UK Parliament constituencies in Wales">UK parliamentary constituencies in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Wales" title="List of political parties in Wales">Political parties</a></li></ul> </li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">Represented in the Senedd</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives" title="Welsh Conservatives">Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Liberal Democrats</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_think_tanks_in_Wales" title="List of think tanks in Wales">Think tanks</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Wales" title="Category:Politics of Wales">Category</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales"><img alt="Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales portal</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Wales" title="Template:Politics of Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Wales" title="Template talk:Politics of Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Welsh devolution</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">transfer of legislative powers</a> for <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>. The current system of devolution began following the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_1998" title="Government of Wales Act 1998">Government of Wales Act 1998</a>, with the responsibility of various <a href="/wiki/Devolved,_reserved_and_excepted_matters" title="Devolved, reserved and excepted matters">devolved powers</a> granted to the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a> rather than being the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>Wales was <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">conquered</a> by England during the 13th century, with the <a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a> applying <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a> to Wales and incorporating it into England (survives as the <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales"><i>England and Wales</i></a> legal jurisdiction), and later into Great Britain and the United Kingdom. A rise in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> and political movements advocating for Welsh <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> became more prominent in the late nineteenth century. The devolution of some administrative responsibilities began in the early twentieth century, as well as the passing of laws specific to Wales. Since World War II, various movements and proposals have advocated different models of Welsh devolution. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/1979_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Welsh devolution referendum">1979 referendum</a> on devolution failed by 79%, while a <a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">1997 referendum</a> narrowly won. Laws were subsequently passed to establish the <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">National Assembly for Wales</a> and grant it <a href="/wiki/List_of_devolved_matters_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="List of devolved matters in Wales">secondary legislative powers</a> over areas such as agriculture, education and housing. The third <a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">referendum</a>, in 2011, saw voters support full primary law-making powers for the national assembly over specified areas of governance. In 2020, the assembly was renamed to <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Senedd Cymru</i></span>/Welsh Parliament (commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a>), to better reflect its expanded legislative powers. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a> Party <a href="/wiki/Proposed_further_Welsh_devolution" title="Proposed further Welsh devolution">advocates for further devolution</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Federalism in the United Kingdom">federalism</a>, whilst the Welsh nationalist party, <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a>, has described devolution as a stepping stone towards full <a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Wales" title="Category:History of Wales">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History of <span class="fn org label">Wales</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Welsh_Dragon_(Y_Ddraig_Goch).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red Dragon of Wales"><img alt="Red Dragon of Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Welsh_Dragon_%28Y_Ddraig_Goch%29.svg/40px-Welsh_Dragon_%28Y_Ddraig_Goch%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Welsh_Dragon_%28Y_Ddraig_Goch%29.svg/60px-Welsh_Dragon_%28Y_Ddraig_Goch%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Welsh_Dragon_%28Y_Ddraig_Goch%29.svg/80px-Welsh_Dragon_%28Y_Ddraig_Goch%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="219" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_031-WALLIA_PRINCIPATUS_Vulgo_WALES..jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="WALLIA PRINCIPATUS Vulgo WALES"><img alt="WALLIA PRINCIPATUS Vulgo WALES" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_031-WALLIA_PRINCIPATUS_Vulgo_WALES..jpeg/150px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_031-WALLIA_PRINCIPATUS_Vulgo_WALES..jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_031-WALLIA_PRINCIPATUS_Vulgo_WALES..jpeg/225px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_031-WALLIA_PRINCIPATUS_Vulgo_WALES..jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_031-WALLIA_PRINCIPATUS_Vulgo_WALES..jpeg/300px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B11_031-WALLIA_PRINCIPATUS_Vulgo_WALES..jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4325" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Chronology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Welsh_history" title="Timeline of Welsh history">Timeline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_British_history" title="Timeline of British history">British</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Welsh_history" title="Bibliography of Welsh history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Wales" title="Prehistoric Wales">Prehistory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Wales" title="Archaeology of Wales">archaeology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Anglesey" title="Roman conquest of Anglesey">of Anglesey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Roman_era" title="Wales in the Roman era">In the Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Welsh_wars" title="List of Anglo-Welsh wars">Anglo-Welsh wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_rebellions_against_English_rule" title="Welsh rebellions against English rule">rebellions</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Middle Ages">In the Middle Ages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the early Middle Ages">early</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the High Middle Ages">high</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the late Middle Ages">late</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Wales" title="Norman invasion of Wales">Norman invasion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambro-Normans" title="Cambro-Normans">settlement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">Edwardian conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_rebellion" title="Glyndŵr rebellion">Glyndŵr rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_settlement_in_the_Americas" title="Welsh settlement in the Americas">Settlement in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period_in_Wales" title="Early modern period in Wales">Early modern period</a> (<a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_early_modern_Wales" title="Witchcraft in early modern Wales">witchcraft</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Wales" title="Industrial Revolution in Wales">Industrial revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Wales" title="Modern history of Wales">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the World Wars">World Wars</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Devolution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welsh_kingdoms" title="Template:Welsh kingdoms">Medieval kingdoms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brycheiniog" title="Brycheiniog">Brycheiniog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ceredigion" title="Kingdom of Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deheubarth" title="Deheubarth">Deheubarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dyfed" title="Kingdom of Dyfed">Dyfed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Gwynedd_during_the_High_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages">history</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gwynedd_during_the_High_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages">culture</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Morgannwg" title="Kingdom of Morgannwg">Morgannwg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> (<a href="/wiki/Powys_Wenwynwyn" title="Powys Wenwynwyn">Wenwynwyn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Powys_Fadog" title="Powys Fadog">Fadog</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhwng_Gwy_a_Hafren" title="Rhwng Gwy a Hafren">Rhwng Gwy a Hafren</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Rulers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Britons" title="King of the Britons">King of the Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_royal_houses" title="Category:Welsh royal houses">Royal houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Wales" title="King of Wales">King of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_in_Wales" title="List of rulers in Wales">List of rulers in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Gwynedd" title="List of rulers of Gwynedd">Rulers of Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Powys" title="List of monarchs of Powys">Rulers of Powys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteen_Tribes_of_Wales" title="Fifteen Tribes of Wales">Fifteen Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_the_Welsh_Court" title="Titles of the Welsh Court">Titles of the Welsh Court</a><hr /><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">English monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_peers_and_baronets" title="Welsh peers and baronets">Peers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Medieval Welsh law</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyfraith_Hywel_manuscripts" title="List of Cyfraith Hywel manuscripts">manuscripts</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Wales" title="Category:Treaties of Wales">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Constitutional_laws_of_Wales" title="Category:Constitutional laws of Wales">Constitutional laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_against_the_Welsh" title="Penal laws against the Welsh">Penal laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_Poor_Laws" title="Category:Welsh Poor Laws">Poor laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_policy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Language policy in the United Kingdom">Language laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a> • <a href="/wiki/March_law_(Anglo-Welsh_border)" title="March law (Anglo-Welsh border)">former march law</a> • <a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">contemporary Welsh law</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wales-only_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales-only laws">Wales-only laws</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_concerning_Wales" title="Category:Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning Wales">Wales-only acts</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="History of the courts of England and Wales">History of the courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Polities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wales" title="Principality of Wales">Principality of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Marches" title="Welsh Marches">Welsh Marches</a><hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Wales_and_the_Marches" title="Council of Wales and the Marches">Council of Wales and the Marches</a>)<hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a><hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom (1801–1922)</a><hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Council_for_Wales_and_Monmouthshire" title="Council for Wales and Monmouthshire">Council for Wales and Monmouthshire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Office" title="Welsh Office">Welsh Office</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wales_Office" title="Wales Office">Wales Office</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Devolution</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Local history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cardiff" title="History of Cardiff">Cardiff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Wales" title="Capital of Wales">as capital</a> • <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cardiff_history" title="Timeline of Cardiff history">timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Llanelli_history" title="Timeline of Llanelli history">Llanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Milford_Haven" title="History of Milford Haven">Milford Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Monmouth,_Wales" title="Category:History of Monmouth, Wales">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Newport,_Wales" title="Category:History of Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swansea" title="History of Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wrexham" title="History of Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Welsh_language" title="History of the Welsh language">Welsh language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature" title="Welsh literature">Welsh literature</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Medieval_Welsh_literature" title="Medieval Welsh literature">medieval</a> • <a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">in Welsh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">in English</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_historical_documents" title="List of Welsh historical documents">Historical documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Wales" title="Archaeology of Wales">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">Local government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">historic counties</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Music history</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_harp_in_Wales" title="History of the harp in Wales">harp</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Wales" title="History of the Jews in Wales">Jewish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Britain#Wales" title="History of Christianity in Britain">Christian history</a> (<a href="/wiki/1904%E2%80%931905_Welsh_revival" title="1904–1905 Welsh revival">1904–1905 Welsh revival</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Wales" title="Economic history of Wales">Economic history</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_Wales" title="Slate industry in Wales">slate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Woollen_industry_in_Wales" title="Woollen industry in Wales">woollen industry</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Wales" title="History of education in Wales">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/Teaching_of_Welsh_history" title="Teaching of Welsh history">history-specific</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_NHS_Wales" title="History of NHS Wales">Health service</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Health_Service" title="History of the National Health Service">UK-wide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Plaid_Cymru" title="History of Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Wales" title="Geology of Wales">Geological history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of Wales">Genetic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Wales_national_football_team" title="History of the Wales national football team">Football team</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Wales_national_football_team_(1876%E2%80%931976)" title="History of the Wales national football team (1876–1976)">1876–1976</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Wales_national_football_team_(1977%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Wales national football team (1977–present)">1977–present</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rugby_union_in_Wales" title="History of rugby union in Wales">Rugby union</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Wales_national_rugby_union_team_(2004%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Wales national rugby union team (2004–present)">team since 2004</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Wales_national_rugby_union_team_matches" title="Category:Wales national rugby union team matches">with other teams</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cardiff_City_F.C." title="History of Cardiff City F.C.">History of Cardiff City F.C.</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_Cardiff_City_F.C._(1899%E2%80%931962)" title="History of Cardiff City F.C. (1899–1962)">1899–1962</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cardiff_City_F.C._(1962%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Cardiff City F.C. (1962–present)">1962–present</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Britain" title="Military history of Britain">British military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rent_control_in_England_and_Wales" title="History of rent control in England and Wales">Rent control</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rent_regulation_in_England_and_Wales" title="Rent regulation in England and Wales">regulation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_early_modern_Wales" title="Witchcraft in early modern Wales">Early modern Witchcraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/16px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Wales" title="Template:History of Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Wales" title="Template talk:History of Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incorporation_of_Wales_into_England">Incorporation of Wales into England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Incorporation of Wales into England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wales <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">was conquered</a> by England during the 13th century and the last native prince of Wales, <a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Last" class="mw-redirect" title="Llywelyn the Last">Llywelyn the Last</a>, was killed in an ambush by an English soldier in 1282.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1284 <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan" title="Statute of Rhuddlan">Statute of Rhuddlan</a> caused Wales to lose its <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">independence</a> and formed the constitutional basis for it as a principality in the Realm of England.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_1969_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_1969-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Owain Glyndŵr">Owain Glyndŵr</a> briefly restored <a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a> in a national uprising that began in 1400. He convened Wales' first <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a> in <a href="/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r%27s_Parliament_House" title="Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House">Machynlleth</a> in 1404, but the Welsh were defeated by the English by 1412.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_against_the_Welsh" title="Penal laws against the Welsh">penal laws against the Welsh</a> of 1401-02 passed by the <a href="/wiki/English_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="English parliament">English parliament</a> made the Welsh second-class citizens. With hopes of independence ended, there were no further wars or rebellions against English rule and the laws remained on the statute books until 1624.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/English_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="English Parliament">English Parliament</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a> applied <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a> to Wales and united the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wales" title="Principality of Wales">Principality</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Marches" title="Welsh Marches">Marches</a> of Wales, effectively abolishing both regions and incorporating Wales into England.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Wales_and_Berwick_Act_1746" title="Wales and Berwick Act 1746">Wales and Berwick Act 1746</a> defined "England" to include Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_rule_movement">Home rule movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Home rule movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disestablishment_of_the_Anglican_church">Disestablishment of the Anglican church</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Disestablishment of the Anglican church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Disestablishment_of_the_Church_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Disestablishment of the Church in Wales">Disestablishment of the Church in Wales</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Closing_(Wales)_Act_1881" title="Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881">Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881</a> was the first legislation to acknowledge that Wales had a separate politico-legal character from the rest of the English state.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopaedia_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopaedia-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, a majority of people in Wales belonged to noncomformists chapels despite members of the Church of England having legal and social privileges. The Sunday Closing Act was therefore celebrated in Wales as a significant step towards establishing equal status for the noncomformist chapels and <a href="/wiki/Disestablishment_of_the_Church_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Disestablishment of the Church in Wales">disestablishing the Anglican church in Wales</a>. Historian and former BBC Wales producer John Trefor suggests that the act "was a victory, not only for the chapels and the temperance leagues, but for Welsh identity. He goes on to say, "There was a sense that things could be done differently here. Wales-only Education and cemetery acts came soon after, and in many respects it established the principle on which devolution and the National Assembly are based."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Lloyd_George_NLW3362532.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/David_Lloyd_George_NLW3362532.jpg/257px-David_Lloyd_George_NLW3362532.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/David_Lloyd_George_NLW3362532.jpg/386px-David_Lloyd_George_NLW3362532.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/David_Lloyd_George_NLW3362532.jpg/514px-David_Lloyd_George_NLW3362532.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>, MP for Caernarfon at the time, was devoted to Welsh devolution early in his career, starting with the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a>. He said in 1890; "I am deeply impressed with the fact that Wales has wants and inspirations of her own which have too long been ignored, but which must no longer be neglected. First and foremost amongst these stands the cause of religious liberty and equality in Wales. If returned to Parliament by you, it shall be my earnest endeavour to labour for the triumph of this great cause. I believe in a liberal extension of the principle of decentralisation."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1895, in a Church in Wales Bill which was ultimately unsuccessful, Lloyd George added an amendment in a discreet attempt at forming a sort of Welsh home rule, a national council for appointment of the Welsh Church commissioners.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_Act_1914" title="Welsh Church Act 1914">Welsh Church Act 1914</a> was passed giving the Church in Wales the freedom to govern its own affairs. After being suspended for the duration of the First World War, the Act came into effect from 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Home_rule">Home rule</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Home rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to the Irish demand for "home rule", Liberal prime minister of the UK, William Gladstone proposed two bills on home rule for Ireland in 1886 and 1893, which both failed.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the idea of "home rule all round" had been around since the 1830s the idea became more popular in 1910 during the constitutional conference and on the brink of an Irish war during 1913–14.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Llewelyn_Williams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Llewelyn_Williams.jpg/131px-Llewelyn_Williams.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Llewelyn_Williams.jpg/197px-Llewelyn_Williams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Llewelyn_Williams.jpg/263px-Llewelyn_Williams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="1098" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_Williams" title="Llywelyn Williams">Llywelyn Williams</a> set up the first Cymru Fydd branch on Welsh soil in Barry in 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Political movements supporting Welsh self-rule began in the late nineteenth century alongside a rise in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year as the first bill for Ireland was proposed, the <a href="/wiki/Cymru_Fydd" title="Cymru Fydd">Cymru Fydd</a> (Wales To Be/Wales Will Be) movement was founded to further the home rule cause for Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopaedia_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopaedia-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lloyd George was one of the main leaders of Cymru Fydd which was an organisation created with the aim of establishing a <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a "stronger Welsh identity".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such Lloyd George was seen as a radical figure in British politics and was associated with the reawakening of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> and identity, saying in 1880, "Is it not high time that Wales should have the powers to manage its own affairs".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Emyr Price has referred to him as "the first architect of Welsh devolution and its most famous advocate’" as well as "the pioneering advocate of a powerful parliament for the Welsh people".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Cymru Fydd societies were set up in Liverpool and London in 1887 and in the winter of 1886–7, the North and South Wales liberal federations were founded.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lloyd George was also particularly active in attempting to set up a separate Welsh National Party which was based on <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_Parnell" title="Charles Stewart Parnell">Charles Stewart Parnell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Irish Parliamentary Party</a> and also worked to unite the North and South Wales Liberal Federations with Cymru Fydd to form a Welsh National Liberal Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cymru Fydd movement collapsed in 1896 amid personal rivalries and rifts between Liberal representatives such as <a href="/wiki/David_Alfred_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="David Alfred Thomas">David Alfred Thomas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopaedia_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopaedia-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1898 however, <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> managed to form the Welsh National Liberal Council, a loose umbrella organisation covering the two federations.<sup id="cite_ref-alderton_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alderton-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Support for <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> for Wales and Scotland amongst most political parties was strongest in 1918 following the independence of other European countries after the First World War, and the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> in Ireland, wrote Dr Davies.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Cymru Fydd had collapsed, home rule was still on the agenda, with liberal Joseph Chamberlain proposing "<a href="/wiki/Home_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule">Home Rule</a> All Round" for all nations of the United Kingdom, in part to meet Irish demands but maintain the superiority of the imperial parliament of Westminster. This idea which eventually fell out of favour after "southern Ireland" left the UK and became a dominion in 1921 and the Irish free state was established in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Home rule all round became official labour party policy, by he 1920s, but the Liberals lost interest because if a Welsh Parliament was formed they would not control it.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Welsh_institutions_form">Welsh institutions form</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Welsh institutions form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The late 19th century saw the formation of a number of national institutions; a national and annual cultural event, the <a href="/wiki/National_Eisteddfod_of_Wales" title="National Eisteddfod of Wales">National Eisteddfod of Wales</a> in 1861,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Wales" title="Football Association of Wales">Football Association of Wales</a> in 1876,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union" title="Welsh Rugby Union">Welsh Rugby Union</a> in 1881<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">University of Wales</a> in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1896, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education in Wales</a> began to become distinct with the formation of the Central Welsh Board which inspected grammar schools in Wales and The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Intermediate_Education_Act_1889" title="Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889">Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889</a> was brought about to "make further provision for the intermediate and technical education of the inhabitants of Wales and the county of Monmouth.", making the board responsible for inspection of secondary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907, the Welsh department of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_education" title="Board of education">Board of Education</a> was formed and in the same year, a Welsh Inspectorate was established for inspection of primary and secondary schools in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early 20th century also saw the continued formation of a number of Welsh national institutions; the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">National Library of Wales</a> in 1911,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Guards" title="Welsh Guards">Welsh Guards</a> in 1915<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Welsh Board of Health in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a> came into existence in 1920 following the disestablishment of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_Act_1914" title="Welsh Church Act 1914">Welsh Church Act 1914</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parch_Lewis_Valentine_yn_ifanc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Parch_Lewis_Valentine_yn_ifanc.jpg/204px-Parch_Lewis_Valentine_yn_ifanc.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Parch_Lewis_Valentine_yn_ifanc.jpg/306px-Parch_Lewis_Valentine_yn_ifanc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Parch_Lewis_Valentine_yn_ifanc.jpg/408px-Parch_Lewis_Valentine_yn_ifanc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="2872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Valentine" title="Lewis Valentine">Lewis Valentine</a>, first president of <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There had been discussions about the need for a "Welsh party" since the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the generation or so before 1922 there "had been a marked growth in the constitutional recognition of the Welsh nation", wrote historian <a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(historian)" title="John Davies (historian)">Dr John Davies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1924 there were people in Wales "eager to make their nationality the focus of Welsh politics".<sup id="cite_ref-Daviesp547_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daviesp547-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925 Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru ("the National Party of Wales") was founded; it was renamed <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru – The Party of Wales</a> in 1945. The party's principles defined in 1970 were (1) self government for Wales, (2) to safeguard the culture, traditions, language and economic position of Wales and (3) to secure membership for a self-governing Welsh state in the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-:82_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early members of the Independent Labour Party attempted to establish a South Wales Federation towards the end of the 19th century but the South Wales Regional Council of Labour was not established until 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK Labour government elected in 1945 was strongly centrist, but in the same year, there were 15 UK Government departments established in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1947, a unified Welsh Regional Council of Labour became responsible for all Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959 the Labour council title was changed from "Welsh Regional council" to "Welsh council", and the Labour body was renamed Labour Party Wales in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Council_for_Wales">Council for Wales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Council for Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Council_for_Wales_and_Monmouthshire" title="Council for Wales and Monmouthshire">Council for Wales and Monmouthshire</a></div> <p>Welsh Labour backbenchers such as <a href="/wiki/David_Grenfell" title="David Grenfell">D. R. Grenfell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Mainwaring" title="William Mainwaring">W. H. Mainwaring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">James Griffiths</a> supported the establishment of a Secretary of State post whereas <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a> thought devolution would distract from "British mainstream politics". The UK Government compromised and agreed to the establishment of a Council for Wales and Monmouthshire. However, it was given no more than a responsibility to advise the UK government on matters of Welsh interest.<sup id="cite_ref-davies2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davies2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proposal to set up a Council for Wales and Monmouthshire was announced in the House of Commons on 24 November 1948. Its inaugural meeting was in May 1949, and its first business meeting the following month. Its terms of reference were: </p> <ul><li>to meet from time to time and at least quarterly for the interchange of views and information on development and trends in the economic and cultural fields in Wales and Monmouthshire; and</li> <li>to ensure the government is adequately informed of the impact of government activities on the general life of the people of Wales and Monmouthshire.<sup id="cite_ref-records2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-records2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The Council for Wales and Monmouthshire had 27 appointed members. Of these, 12 were nominated by Welsh local authorities; there were also nominees from the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Joint_Education_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Joint Education Committee">Joint Education Committee</a>, the University of Wales, the <a href="/wiki/National_Eisteddfod_of_Wales" title="National Eisteddfod of Wales">National Eisteddfod Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Tourist_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Tourist Board">Welsh Tourist and Holidays Board</a>, and from both management and union sides of Welsh industry and agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chairman was <a href="/wiki/Huw_T._Edwards" title="Huw T. Edwards">Huw T. Edwards</a>, a trade union leader.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council met in private, a further source of controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It set up various panels and committees to investigate issues affecting Wales, including a Welsh Language Panel to study and report upon the present situation of the language; a Government Administration Panel; an Industrial Panel; a Rural Development Panel; a Transport Panel; and a Tourist Industry Panel.<sup id="cite_ref-records2_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-records2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Plaid_Cymru_rally_in_Machynlleth_in_1949_where_the_%22Parliament_for_Wales_in_5_years%22_campaign_was_started_(14050400654).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_Plaid_Cymru_rally_in_Machynlleth_in_1949_where_the_%22Parliament_for_Wales_in_5_years%22_campaign_was_started_%2814050400654%29.jpg/262px-A_Plaid_Cymru_rally_in_Machynlleth_in_1949_where_the_%22Parliament_for_Wales_in_5_years%22_campaign_was_started_%2814050400654%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_Plaid_Cymru_rally_in_Machynlleth_in_1949_where_the_%22Parliament_for_Wales_in_5_years%22_campaign_was_started_%2814050400654%29.jpg/393px-A_Plaid_Cymru_rally_in_Machynlleth_in_1949_where_the_%22Parliament_for_Wales_in_5_years%22_campaign_was_started_%2814050400654%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_Plaid_Cymru_rally_in_Machynlleth_in_1949_where_the_%22Parliament_for_Wales_in_5_years%22_campaign_was_started_%2814050400654%29.jpg/524px-A_Plaid_Cymru_rally_in_Machynlleth_in_1949_where_the_%22Parliament_for_Wales_in_5_years%22_campaign_was_started_%2814050400654%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> rally in Machynlleth in 1949 where the "<a href="/wiki/Parliament_for_Wales_Campaign" title="Parliament for Wales Campaign">Parliament for Wales</a> in 5 years" campaign was started</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meganlloydgeorge_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meganlloydgeorge_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Meganlloydgeorge_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meganlloydgeorge_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-Meganlloydgeorge_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meganlloydgeorge_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-Meganlloydgeorge_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Megan_Lloyd_George" title="Megan Lloyd George">Megan Lloyd George</a>, leader of the Parliament for Wales campaign 1950–1956.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parliament_for_Wales_campaign">Parliament for Wales campaign</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Parliament for Wales campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_for_Wales_Campaign" title="Parliament for Wales Campaign">Parliament for Wales Campaign</a></div> <p>In the 1950s, the deterioration of the British Empire removed a sense of Britishness and there was a realisation that Wales was not as prosperous as south-east England and smaller European countries. Successive Conservative Party victories in Westminster led to suggestions that only through self-government could Wales achieve a government reflecting the votes of a Welsh electorate. The <a href="/wiki/Tryweryn_flooding" title="Tryweryn flooding">Tryweryn flooding</a> was opposed by 125 local authorities and 27 of 36 Welsh MPs voted against the second reading of the bill with none voting for it. At the time, Wales had no Welsh office (introduced in 1964) or any devolution.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Davies adds that the representatives of Wales were powerless under the political structure of the time, a core message of Plaid Cymru.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Epynt_clearance" title="Epynt clearance">Epynt clearance</a> in 1940 has also been described as a "significant - but often overlooked - chapter in the history of Wales".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those in favour of a Welsh parliament paraded in Machynlleth (the place of <a href="/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r%27s_Parliament_House,_Machynlleth" class="mw-redirect" title="Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House, Machynlleth">Owain Glyndŵr's last Senedd</a>) on 1 October 1949. Speakers and entertainment were also at the event.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1950 to 1956, Parliament for Wales campaign brought devolution back onto the political agenda. A cross-party campaign was led by Lady <a href="/wiki/Megan_Lloyd_George" title="Megan Lloyd George">Megan Lloyd George</a>, daughter of former prime minister and campaigner for Welsh devolution, David Lloyd George, who had died in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Campaign for a Welsh parliament (<i>Ymgyrch Senedd i Gymru</i>) was formally launched on 1 July 1950, at a rally in Llandrindod. This event lead to the creation of a petition of 240,652 names calling for the establishment of a Welsh parliament, which was presented to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> by Megan Lloyd George in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was rejected by the UK government. Petitions were also presented to the House of Commons for a <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State for Wales</a> which were also rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Welsh_Office_&_Secretary_of_State_for_Wales"><span id="Welsh_Office_.26_Secretary_of_State_for_Wales"></span>Welsh Office & Secretary of State for Wales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Welsh Office & Secretary of State for Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Office" title="Welsh Office">Welsh Office</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State for Wales</a></div> <p>In the first half of the 20th century, a number of politicians had supported the creation of the post of Secretary of State for Wales as a step towards home rule for Wales. A post of Minister of Welsh Affairs was created in 1951 under the home secretary and was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of state">minister of state</a> level in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, the UK Labour government formed a new office of the Secretary of State for Wales and in 1965 the Welsh Office was created which was run by the Secretary of State for Wales and which was responsible for implementing UK government policies in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999 the Welsh Office made way for the National Assembly for Wales and staff from the Welsh office moved into the National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Official_flag_and_capital_city">Official flag and capital city</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Official flag and capital city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Wales" title="Flag of Wales">Flag of Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Wales" title="Capital of Wales">Capital of Wales</a></div> <p>The first official flag of Wales was created in 1953 for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. This "augmented" flag including the Royal badge of Wales was criticised in 1958 by "<a href="/wiki/Gorsedd_Cymru" title="Gorsedd Cymru">Gorsedd y Beirdd</a>", a national Welsh group comprising Welsh literary figures and Welsh people of note. In 1959, likely in response to criticism, the Welsh flag was changed to a red Welsh dragon on a green and white background that remains the current flag of Wales today.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_%26_District_Womens_Suffrage_Society.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cardiff_%26_District_Womens_Suffrage_Society.jpg/167px-Cardiff_%26_District_Womens_Suffrage_Society.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cardiff_%26_District_Womens_Suffrage_Society.jpg/251px-Cardiff_%26_District_Womens_Suffrage_Society.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cardiff_%26_District_Womens_Suffrage_Society.jpg/334px-Cardiff_%26_District_Womens_Suffrage_Society.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3802" data-file-height="2281" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1908 banner used by Cardiff & District Women's Suffrage Society</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Wales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/167px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/251px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/334px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh flag">Welsh flag</a> today featuring the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_dragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh dragon">Welsh dragon</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>On 21 December 1955, the Lord Mayor of Cardiff announced to a crowd that <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> was now the official capital of Wales following a vote the previous day by Welsh local authority members. Cardiff won the vote with 136 votes and Caernarfon came in second place with 11 votes. A campaign for Cardiff to become the capital city had been ongoing for 30 years prior to the vote. Historian James Cowan outlined some reasons why Cardiff was chosen which included; being the largest city in Wales with a population of 243,632, buildings in Cathays park such as City Hall and the National Museum of Wales among other reasons. Dr Martin Johnes, lecturer at Swansea University suggested that following the formation of the National Assembly for Wales in 1999, Cardiff became "a capital in a meaningful way, as the home of the Welsh government, whereas before, its capital status was irrelevant, it was just symbolic".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Plaid_Cymru_MP">First Plaid Cymru MP</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: First Plaid Cymru MP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gwynfor_Evans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gwynfor_Evans.jpg/147px-Gwynfor_Evans.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gwynfor_Evans.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gwynfor_Evans" title="Gwynfor Evans">Gwynfor Evans</a> in 1951.</figcaption></figure> <p>The leader of <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwynfor_Evans" title="Gwynfor Evans">Gwynfor Evans</a> won the party's first-ever seat in Westminster in Carmarthen in 1966, which "helped change the course of a nation" according to Dr Martin Johnes of Swansea University. This, paired with the SNP's Winnie Ewing's winning a seat in Hamilton, Scotland in 1967 may have contributed to pressure on Labour prime minister Harold Wilson to form the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_(United_Kingdom)" title="Royal Commission on the Constitution (United Kingdom)">Kilbrandon Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event may have also contributed to the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Act_1967" title="Welsh Language Act 1967">Welsh Language Act 1967</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This act repealed a provision in the <a href="/wiki/Wales_and_Berwick_Act_1746" title="Wales and Berwick Act 1746">Wales and Berwick Act 1746</a> that the term "England" should include Wales, thus defining Wales to be a separate entity from England within the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation permitted the use of Welsh including in courts of law. The act was in part based upon the Hughes Parry Report from 1965. While the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Courts_Act_1942" title="Welsh Courts Act 1942">Welsh Courts Act in 1942</a> had previously allowed limited use of Welsh if defendants or plaintiffs had limited knowledge of English, the 1967 act was far more robust. While the act itself was quite limited, it had large symbolic importance.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966, <a href="/wiki/Emlyn_Hooson" class="mw-redirect" title="Emlyn Hooson">Emlyn Hooson</a> convinced a majority of delegates to merge both the Welsh liberal federations into a single entity, forming the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Party" title="Welsh Liberal Party">Welsh Liberal Party</a>. The new party had far more authority, and gradually centralised the finances and policy of the party in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-alderton2_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alderton2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Assembly_referendums">National Assembly referendums</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National Assembly referendums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yes_for_Wales" title="Yes for Wales">Yes for Wales</a></div> <p>The UK Labour government introduced separate devolution bills for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland in 1977 following the support for a Scottish parliament by the <a href="/wiki/Kilbrandon_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilbrandon Commission">Kilbrandon Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Saint_David%27s_Day" title="Saint David's Day">St David's Day</a> (March 1), <a href="/wiki/1979_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Welsh devolution referendum">1979 Welsh devolution referendum</a> was held on a National Assembly for Wales but came at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Winter_of_Discontent" title="Winter of Discontent">Winter of Discontent</a> in addition to "tribalism" divisions within Wales. According to <a href="/wiki/John_Morris,_Baron_Morris_of_Aberavon" title="John Morris, Baron Morris of Aberavon">John Morris</a>, people in southern Wales were persuaded that the Assembly would be dominated by "bigoted Welsh-speakers from the north and the west" whilst in the northern Wales, people were persuaded that the Assembly would be dominated by Glamorgan County Council “Taffia”.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wyn_Jones" title="Richard Wyn Jones">Richard Wyn Jones</a> also suggests that suspicions of a secret elite of a "Taffia" or "crachach" may have affected the referendum results,“There was a perception amongst anti-devolutionists that devolution was some sort of plot by the establishment, by the crachach. Their [the anti-devolutionists’] idea that they were standing up for ‘the people’ was reinforced by 1979.” <sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Welsh voters voted against forming an Assembly, with 79.7% voting against and 20.3% who voting Yes. Meanwhile, Scotland had narrowly voted in favour of a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish parliament</a> with 51.6% in favour.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Act_1993" title="Welsh Language Act 1993">Welsh Language Act 1993</a> provided a new law for public organisations in Wales to have bilingual schemes, which would be supervised by the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Board" title="Welsh Language Board">Welsh Language Board</a>. Some private sector companies including British Telecoms (BT) and British Gas had already included Welsh language schemes in company policies before this Act.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s, economic restructuring and market reforms by <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> are described as having brought social dislocation to parts of Wales, which was formerly described as having "the largest public sector west of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Balsom_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balsom-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A succession of non-Welsh <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretaries of State</a> after 1987 was portrayed by opponents as 'colonial' and indicative of a '<a href="/wiki/Democratic_deficit" title="Democratic deficit">democratic deficit</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-Balsom_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balsom-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1990s, Labour became committed to devolution to both <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and Wales, and in 1997 it was elected with a mandate to hold referendums on a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> and a Welsh Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Balsom_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balsom-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The political climate was very different from that of <a href="/wiki/1979_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Welsh devolution referendum">1979 Welsh devolution referendum</a> which resulted in a no vote, with a new generation of Welsh MPs in Westminster and a broad consensus on the previously divisive issue of the Welsh language.<sup id="cite_ref-Balsom_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balsom-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">1997 Welsh devolution referendum</a>, a majority of the Welsh electorate vote in favour of establishing a National Assembly for Wales by 50.3 per cent, on a 50.2 per cent turnout.<sup id="cite_ref-Long_Walk_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long_Walk-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Devolved_legislature_(1998–present)"><span id="Devolved_legislature_.281998.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Devolved legislature (1998–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Devolved legislature (1998–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_devolved_matters_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="List of devolved matters in Wales">List of devolved matters in Wales</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senedd.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Senedd.JPG/270px-Senedd.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Senedd.JPG/405px-Senedd.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Senedd.JPG/540px-Senedd.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="1514" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Senedd_building" title="Senedd building">Senedd building</a>, Cardiff Bay (formerly National Assembly for Wales).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_1998" title="Government of Wales Act 1998">Government of Wales Act 1998</a> granted the formation of the National Assembly and granted it a significant number of new powers which included most of the powers previously held by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State for Wales</a> and at least 20 national institutions including the <a href="/wiki/Education_and_Learning_Wales" title="Education and Learning Wales">Education and Learning Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environment_Agency_Wales" title="Environment Agency Wales">Environment Agency Wales</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Board" title="Welsh Language Board">Welsh Language Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly for Wales">National Assembly for Wales</a> was formed in 1999 and the UK Parliament reserved the right to set limits on its powers.<sup id="cite_ref-Long_Walk_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long_Walk-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Law_making">Law making</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Law making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Commission on the Powers and Electoral Arrangements of the National Assembly for Wales (the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Commission" title="Richard Commission">Richard Commission</a>) was formed in 2002. This commission made a series of recommendations in 2004. These included an increased number of members, legally separating executive and legislative acts and the devolution of primary law-making powers. A large majority of these findings were used by the UK government to introduce the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">Government of Wales Act 2006</a>, describing the powers and responsibilities of the devolved authorities for legislating, decision-making and policy-making.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2011, <a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">a referendum</a> was held on whether full primary law-making powers should be given to the National Assembly in the twenty subject areas where it held jurisdiction. The referendum concluded with 63.5% of voters supporting the transfer of full primary law-making powers to the Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-wired-gov.net_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-gov.net-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Official_country_and_language_status">Official country and language status</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Official country and language status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, the International Standards Organisation officially changed the status of Wales to country after the term "principality" was used in error. This came about following lobbying from Plaid Cymru AM (Assembly Member) <a href="/wiki/Leanne_Wood" title="Leanne Wood">Leanne Wood</a>. Legally Wales had ceased to be a principality since the period that the Statue of Rhuddlan was implemented from 1284 to 1542.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governments of the United Kingdom and of Wales almost invariably define Wales as a country.<sup id="cite_ref-Number_10_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Number_10-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WalesOnline_03072010_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WalesOnline_03072010-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VisitWales.com states that "Wales is not a Principality. Although we are joined with England by land, and we are part of Great Britain, Wales is a country in its own right."<sup id="cite_ref-WAG_FAQ_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAG_FAQ-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_(Wales)_Measure_2011" title="Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011">Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011</a> modernised the 1993 Welsh Language Act and gave Welsh an official status in Wales for the first time, a major landmark for the language. Welsh is the only official <i>de jure</i> language of any country in the UK. The Measure was also responsible for creating the post of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Commissioner" title="Welsh Language Commissioner">Welsh Language Commissioner</a>, replacing the Welsh Language Board.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the referendum in 2011, the Official Languages Act became the first Welsh law to be created in 600 years, according to the First Minister at the time, <a href="/wiki/Carwyn_Jones" title="Carwyn Jones">Carwyn Jones</a>. This law was passed by Welsh AMs (assembly members) only and made Welsh an official language of the National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Further_powers">Further powers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The UK Government also formed the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Devolution_in_Wales" title="Commission on Devolution in Wales">Commission on Devolution in Wales</a> (the Silk Commission). The commission published part 1 of its report in 2012, recommending new financial powers for Wales including borrowing and taxation, which came into force in the <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2014" title="Wales Act 2014">Wales Act 2014</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tax Collection and Management (Wales) Act 2016 was passed by the National Assembly to facilitate the financial powers of the Wales Act 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Land_Transaction_Tax" title="Land Transaction Tax">Land Transaction Tax</a> (replacing Stamp Duty) and the <a href="/wiki/Landfill_Disposals_Tax" title="Landfill Disposals Tax">Landfill Disposal Tax</a> were the very first two devolved taxes. In 2019, over £2 billion of <a href="/wiki/Income_Tax_(Trading_and_Other_Income)_Act_2005" title="Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005">income tax</a> was devolved to the Senedd.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neuadd_%26_Oriel,_Senedd,_Cardiff_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Neuadd_%26_Oriel%2C_Senedd%2C_Cardiff_Bay.jpg/270px-Neuadd_%26_Oriel%2C_Senedd%2C_Cardiff_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Neuadd_%26_Oriel%2C_Senedd%2C_Cardiff_Bay.jpg/405px-Neuadd_%26_Oriel%2C_Senedd%2C_Cardiff_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Neuadd_%26_Oriel%2C_Senedd%2C_Cardiff_Bay.jpg/540px-Neuadd_%26_Oriel%2C_Senedd%2C_Cardiff_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption>Hall and oriel of the Senedd building.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2017" title="Wales Act 2017">Wales Act 2017</a> defined the National Assembly and devolved institutions to be a permanent component of the UK constitution, and any abolition of such institutions would require a referendum. The act also changed the model of operation of the devolved institutions from a "conferred powers model" to a "reserved powers model".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed the Assembly to legislate on any matter that is not expressly reserved from its competence.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Assembly was also given the power to decide its own name and voting system of members.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Senedd_and_Elections_(Wales)_Act_2020" title="Senedd and Elections (Wales) Act 2020">Senedd and Elections (Wales) Act 2020</a>, the National Assembly for Wales was renamed "Senedd Cymru" or "the Welsh Parliament", commonly known as the "<a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a>" in both English and Welsh, to reflect increased legislative powers.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act for the first time in Wales allowed 16 and 17-year-olds the right to vote, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021 Senedd election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plaid Cymru proposed two bills to the UK parliament in the 2021-22 parliamentary session which ultimately did not gain royal assent. A <i>Crown Estate (Devolution to Wales) Bill</i> - A bill to devolve the Crown Estate's management and assets in Wales to the Welsh Government was sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Liz_Saville_Roberts" title="Liz Saville Roberts">Liz Saville Roberts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Shared Prosperity Fund (Wales) Bill</i> - A bill which would require the Secretary of State to report to Parliament on the merits of devolving management and administration of the money allocated to Wales via the Shared Prosperity Fund to the Welsh Government, was sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Lake" title="Ben Lake">Ben Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Currently_devolved_powers">Currently devolved powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Currently devolved powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_devolved_matters_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="List of devolved matters in Wales">List of devolved matters in Wales</a></div> <p>The powers currently employed by the Senedd are, in summary: </p> <ul><li>Agriculture, forestry and fishing</li> <li>Education</li> <li>Environment</li> <li>Health and social care</li> <li>Housing</li> <li>Local government</li> <li>Highways and transport</li> <li>Some control over income tax, stamp duty and landfill tax</li> <li>Welsh language<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_of_Wales_Act_1998">Government of Wales Act 1998</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government of Wales Act 1998"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_1998" title="Government of Wales Act 1998">Government of Wales Act 1998</a> allowed the creation of the National Assembly for Wales (now Senedd Cymru / Welsh Parliament) and also describes devolved powers given to the Senedd. These powers include most of the powers previously held by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State for Wales</a> and powers over multiple national institutions such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_of_Wales" title="Arts Council of Wales">Arts Council of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_and_Learning_Wales" title="Education and Learning Wales">Education and Learning Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Buildings_Council_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Buildings Council for Wales">Historic Buildings Council for Wales</a></li> <li>Library Advisory Council for Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualifications,_Curriculum_and_Assessment_Authority_for_Wales" title="Qualifications, Curriculum and Assessment Authority for Wales">Qualifications, Curriculum and Assessment Authority for Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Tourist_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales Tourist Board">Wales Tourist Board</a></li> <li>Welsh Industrial Development Advisory Board</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Development_Agency" title="Welsh Development Agency">Welsh Development Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Board" title="Welsh Language Board">Welsh Language Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Agency_Wales" title="Environment Agency Wales">Environment Agency Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryside_Council_for_Wales" title="Countryside Council for Wales">Countryside Council for Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_Wales" title="Higher Education Funding Council for Wales">Higher Education Funding Council for Wales</a></li> <li>Ancient Monuments Board for Wales</li> <li>Welsh National Board for Nursing</li> <li>Midwifery and Health Visiting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">National Library of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Wales">National Museum of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Ancient_and_Historical_Monuments_of_Wales" title="Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales">Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Council_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports Council for Wales">Sports Council for Wales</a> and Forestry Commission Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_General_for_Wales" title="Auditor General for Wales">Auditor General for Wales</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_of_Wales_Act_2006">Government of Wales Act 2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Government of Wales Act 2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">Government of Wales Act 2006</a> separated the Welsh Assembly Government and the National Assembly for Wales and gives the assembly the power to create legislation on devolved matters in the following "fields": </p> <ol><li>Agriculture, fisheries, forestry & rural development</li> <li>Ancient monuments & historic buildings</li> <li>Culture</li> <li>Economic development</li> <li>Education & training</li> <li>Environment</li> <li>Fire and rescue services & promotion of fire safety</li> <li>Food</li> <li>Health & health services</li> <li>Highways and transport</li> <li>Housing</li> <li>Local government</li> <li>National Assembly for Wales</li> <li>Public administration</li> <li>Social welfare</li> <li>Sport and recreation</li> <li>Tourism</li> <li>Town and country planning</li> <li>Water and flood defence</li> <li>Welsh language<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wales_Act_2014:_Tax">Wales Act 2014: Tax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Wales Act 2014: Tax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2014" title="Wales Act 2014">Wales Act 2014</a> allows the Senedd the following: </p> <ol><li>Legislate devolved taxes. These revisions to devolution are added to Part 4A of the Government of Wales Act 2006.</li> <li>This Act also allows the Senedd to set income tax rates for Wales.</li> <li>Welsh Ministers’ borrowing powers. This includes powers to borrow funds and meet current expenditure (Welsh income tax vs forecast receipts).</li> <li>The power for borrowing in order to fund capital spending (with the consent of UK Treasury). This sum was increased from £500 million to £1 billion.</li></ol> <p>Other provisions include: </p> <ul><li>Increasing the Senedd term from 4 to 5 years</li> <li>no restriction on standing as a Senedd constituency member and Senedd regional member</li> <li>Prevents someone from being both an MP and MS</li> <li>Welsh Assembly Government renamed Welsh Government</li> <li>Local Government and Housing Act 1989: limits on housing debts incurred by local housing authorities in Wales with a Housing Revenue Account</li> <li>Law Commission to provide advice and assistance to Welsh Ministers & Welsh ministers to report how Law Commission recommendations are implemented in Wales<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wales_Act_2017:_Reserved_Powers_Model">Wales Act 2017: Reserved Powers Model</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Wales Act 2017: Reserved Powers Model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reserved powers model sets out the UK reserved powers that the Senedd are not permitted to apply an Act of Senedd to change. These are set out in the <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2017" title="Wales Act 2017">Wales Act 2017</a>. </p> <div style="float:left;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>Powers not devolved</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schedule_7A_-_Reserved_Matters">Schedule 7A - Reserved Matters</h4></div> <p>The following subject headings are listed in the new Schedule 7A which contains all of the matters that are reserved to the UK Parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Part_1_–_General_Reservations"><span id="Part_1_.E2.80.93_General_Reservations"></span>Part 1 – General Reservations</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li>The Constitution</li> <li>Public service</li> <li>Political parties</li> <li>Single legal jurisdiction of England and Wales</li> <li>Tribunals</li> <li>Foreign affairs etc.</li> <li>Defence</li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Part_2_–_Specific_Reservations"><span id="Part_2_.E2.80.93_Specific_Reservations"></span>Part 2 – Specific Reservations</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head A – Financial and Economic Matters</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section A1 – Fiscal, economic and monetary policy </p><p>Section A2 – The currency </p><p>Section A3 – Financial services </p><p>Section A4 – Financial markets </p><p>Section A5 – Dormant accounts </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head B – Home Affairs</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section B1 – Elections </p><p>Section B2 – Nationality and immigration </p><p>Section B3 – National security and official secrets </p><p>Section B4 – Interception of communications, communications data and surveillance </p><p>Section B5 – Crime, public order and policing </p><p>Section B6 – Anti-social behaviour </p><p>Section B7 – Modern slavery </p><p>Section B8 – Prostitution </p><p>Section B9 – Emergency powers </p><p>Section B10 – Extradition </p><p>Section B11 – Rehabilitation of offenders </p><p>Section B12 – Criminal records </p><p>Section B13 – Dangerous items </p><p>Section B14 – Misuse of and dealing in drugs or psychoactive substances </p><p>Section B15 – Private security </p><p>Section B16 – Entertainment and late night refreshment </p><p>Section B17 – Alcohol </p><p>Section B18 – Betting, gaming and lotteries </p><p>Section B19 – Hunting </p><p>Section B20 – Scientific and educational procedures on live animals </p><p>Section B21 – Lieutenancies </p><p>Section B22 – Charities and fund-raising </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head C – Trade and Industry</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section C1 – Business associations and business names </p><p>Section C2 – Insolvency and winding up </p><p>Section C3 – Competition </p><p>Section C4 – Intellectual property </p><p>Section C5 – Import and export control </p><p>Section C6 – Consumer protection </p><p>Section C7 – Product standards, safety and liability </p><p>Section C8 – Weights and measures </p><p>Section C9 – Telecommunications and wireless telegraphy </p><p>Section C10 – Post </p><p>Section C11 – Research Councils </p><p>Section C12 – Industrial development </p><p>Section C13 – Protection of trading and economic interests </p><p>Section C14 – Assistance in connection with exports of goods and services </p><p>Section C15 – Water and sewerage </p><p>Section C16 – Pubs Code Adjudicator and the Pubs Code </p><p>Section C17 – Sunday trading </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head D – Energy</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section D1 – Electricity </p><p>Section D2 – Oil and gas </p><p>Section D3 – Coal </p><p>Section D4 – Nuclear energy </p><p>Section D5 – Heat and cooling </p><p>Section D6 – Energy conservation </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head E – Transport</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section E1 – Road transport </p><p>Section E2 – Rail transport </p><p>Section E3 – Marine and waterway transport etc. </p><p>Section E4 – Air transport </p><p>Section E5 – Transport security </p><p>Section E6 – Other matters </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head F – Social Security, Child Support, pensions and Compensation</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section F1 – Social security schemes </p><p>Section F2 – Child Support </p><p>Section F3 – Occupational and Personal Pensions </p><p>Section F4 – Public sector compensation </p><p>Section F5 – Armed forces compensation etc. </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head G – Professions</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section G1 – Architects, auditors, health professionals and veterinary surgeons </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head H – Employment</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section H1 – Employment and industrial relations </p><p>Section H2 – Industrial training boards </p><p>Section H3 – Job search and support </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head J – Health, Safety and Medicines</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section J1 – Abortion </p><p>Section J2 – Xenotransplantation </p><p>Section J3 – Embryology, surrogacy and genetics </p><p>Section J4 – Medicines, medical supplies, biological substances etc. </p><p>Section J5 – Welfare foods </p><p>Section J6 – Health and safety </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head K – Media, Culture and Sport</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section K1 – Media </p><p>Section K2 – Public lending right </p><p>Section K3 – Government Indemnity Scheme </p><p>Section K4 – Property accepted in satisfaction of tax </p><p>Section K5 – Sports grounds </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head L – Justice</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section L1 – The legal profession, legal services and claims management services </p><p>Section L2 – Legal aid </p><p>Section L3 – Coroners </p><p>Section L4 – Arbitration </p><p>Section L5 – Mental capacity </p><p>Section L6 – Personal data </p><p>Section L7 – Information rights </p><p>Section L8 – Public sector information </p><p>Section L9 – Public records </p><p>Section L10 – Compensation for persons affected by crime and miscarriages of justice </p><p>Section L11 – Prisons and offender management </p><p>Section L12 – Family relationships and children </p><p>Section L13 – Gender recognition </p><p>Section L14 – Registration of births, deaths and places of worship </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head M – Land and Agricultural Assets</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section M1 – Registration of land </p><p>Section M2 – Registration of agricultural charges and debentures </p><p>Section M3 – Development and buildings </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid black;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Head N – Miscellaneous</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Section N1 – Equal opportunities </p><p>Section N2 – Control of weapons </p><p>Section N3 – Ordnance Survey </p><p>Section N4 – Time </p><p>Section N5 – Outer space </p><p>Section N6 – Antarctica </p><p>Section N7 – Deep sea bed mining </p> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schedule_7B:_Restrictions">Schedule 7B: Restrictions</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Schedule 7B sets out certain restrictions on the Senedd's powers. For example, <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Senedd" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of the Senedd">Acts of the Senedd</a>: </p> <ul><li>must not generally modify the law on reserved matters;</li> <li>must not modify private law (such as contract, tort, property) unless it is for a devolved purpose,</li> <li>must not modify certain criminal offences (such as serious offences against the person and any sexual offences) and must not modify certain rules around criminal law (such as the age a person can commit a criminal offence and the meaning of dishonesty);</li> <li>must not modify certain enactments such as the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Civil Contingencies Act 2004;</li> <li>must not modify any of the 2006 Act unless an exception applies;</li> <li>must not confer or impose functions on reserved authorities (such as Ministers of the Crown, the Crown Prosecution Service and the Health & Safety Executive) without the consent of the UK Government.</li></ul> </div></div> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Senedd, "Powers"<sup id="cite_ref-Powers_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powers-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_further_devolution">Proposed further devolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Proposed further devolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Proposed_further_Welsh_devolution" title="Proposed further Welsh devolution">Proposed further Welsh devolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Welsh_justice_system" title="Proposed Welsh justice system">Proposed Welsh justice system</a></div> <p>The following options have been proposed as a systematic and constitutional change to autonomy in Wales by The Independent Commission on the Constitutional Future of Wales. </p> <ol><li>Entrenched devolution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Federalism in the United Kingdom">Federal structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Independence</a><sup id="cite_ref-:162_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:162-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Among calls for specific matters to be devolved to Wales are powers over; Broadcasting,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Estate in Wales">Crown Estate in Wales</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and natural resources,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shared Prosperity Fund,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bank holidays,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> energy firm taxation & regulation,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gender self-identification,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the justice system,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rail infrastructure,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> setting rates and bands of all income tax,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> welfare system and full taxation powers.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restrictions_by_UK_government">Restrictions by UK government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Restrictions by UK government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UK Parliament passed the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Internal_Market_Act_2020" title="United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020">UK Internal Market Act in 2020</a> which "directly constrains devolution" according to the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>. The actions of the Act are described in a report by <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Scottish MSP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Russell_(Scottish_politician)" title="Michael Russell (Scottish politician)">Michael Russell</a><b>,</b> Cabinet Secretary for Constitution, Europe and External Affairs; The act allows goods sold in one part of the UK to be automatically accepted in the rest of the UK, despite differing devolved rules. The act can also cause the regulation of service in one part of the UK to be recognised across the whole UK. The act allows UK ministers to spend on devolved policies without the approval of the devolved parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a> has voiced concerns over the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Internal_Market_Act_2020" title="United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020">United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020</a>, passed by the UK Parliament, describing its passing as an "attack on its competence". It launched a request for <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_English_law" title="Judicial review in English law">judicial review</a> of the act, which was rejected on the ground of being premature by the <a href="/wiki/Divisional_court_(England_and_Wales)" title="Divisional court (England and Wales)">divisional court.</a> As of February 2022, the Welsh government awaited an appeal of the divisional court's decision.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment_of_devolution">Assessment of devolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Assessment of devolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ron_Davies_(Welsh_politician)" title="Ron Davies (Welsh politician)">Ron Davies</a>, former secretary of state for Wales and described as the architect of devolution said in 2022, "One thing which I know is lacking is an overarching sense of wanting to create a better way, of wanting to shape our own destiny. I don't see that." His deputy, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Peter Hain</a> said "We need to do what we all say we want to do, which is create a more vibrant, competitive, successful Wales economically. But it does mean some pretty tough decisions." Former leader of Plaid Cymru, <a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Wigley" title="Dafydd Wigley">Dafydd Wigley</a> stated "We have yet to see the election in Wales, changing the colour of a government. And democracy in Wales will not have been properly tested until that happens." Originally the leader of the No campaign in the 90s, Conservative <a href="/wiki/Nick_Bourne" title="Nick Bourne">Nick Bourne</a> now supports more members for the Senedd "We need more members. It's got expanded powers, it's the settled will of the people that we have a Welsh parliament, and that's got to be effective, so by all means, be concerned about value for money, we should be, as any political party should be, but in terms of is it a good idea then the personal view is we need more members."<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Economic impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy of Wales</a></div> <p>In a report for the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Welsh_Affairs" title="Institute of Welsh Affairs">Institute of Welsh Affairs</a> in 2003, Phil Cooke of <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a> argued that the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a> had responded to the loss of <a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">productivity</a> in manufacturing by substituting new jobs in the public sector, making Wales increasingly dependent on <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_imbalance" title="Fiscal imbalance">fiscal transfers</a> from <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Government">Whitehall</a>. Cooke suggested that a relatively weak <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolution</a> settlement had prevented the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a> from developing innovative economic policies, especially when compared to <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Executive">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, critics including former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Welsh Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Davies_(British_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Davies (British politician)">Ron Davies</a> and John Lovering, another Cardiff academic, claimed that Cooke's argument that a more powerful Assembly was a <a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_sufficient_conditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Necessary and sufficient conditions">necessary precondition</a> to more effective economic policies was a <i><a href="/wiki/Non_sequitur_(logic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Non sequitur (logic)">non-sequitur</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Ieuan_Wyn_Jones" title="Ieuan Wyn Jones">Ieuan Wyn Jones</a> suggested that the lack of tax varying powers in Wales was a major reason why Wales did not have its own <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a> and that growth strategy should not be focused only on cities.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plaid Cymru have also argued that economic dividend can only be achieved with <a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jonathan Bradbury and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Davies_(Labour_politician)" title="Andrew Davies (Labour politician)">Andrew Davies</a> published an article in the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_Economic_Review" title="National Institute Economic Review">National Institute Economic Review</a> in January 2023 criticising both the Welsh government and UK government economic policies for Wales. They note that Wales had one of the weakest economies of the UK prior to devolution. They also noted views that the UK government remained in control of macro-economic powers; lacked regional economic policy; and a lack of devolution to the Welsh government to make a real difference. They also note the view of some that the historic exploitation of Wales and its treatment as an economic periphery plays have implications today. They added that Wales' economic performance has not progressed under devolution with weakness in Welsh government strategy and policy and that the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Development_Agency" title="Welsh Development Agency">Wales Development Agency</a> remains a topic of debate.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_party_position_on_devolution">Political party position on devolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Political party position on devolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Welsh Liberal Democrats</a> support further devolution for Wales, as well as reform/<a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Federalism in the United Kingdom">federalism of the United Kingdom.</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> supports further devolution for Wales as well as independence.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wales_Green_Party" title="Wales Green Party">Wales Green Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gwlad" title="Gwlad">Gwlad</a> also both support Welsh independence whilst <a href="/wiki/Propel_(political_party)" title="Propel (political party)">Propel</a> supports national <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> for Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives" title="Welsh Conservatives">Welsh Conservatives</a> support the devolution system as it currently stands.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abolish_the_Welsh_Assembly_Party" title="Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party">Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party</a> both support reduced or the abolishment of devolution.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referendum_results_and_opinion_polling">Referendum results and opinion polling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Referendum results and opinion polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Referendums on devolution </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date Conducted </th> <th>Question/Statement </th> <th style="background:green; color:white;">Support<br />Devolution (%) </th> <th style="background:red; color:white;">Against<br />Devolution (%) </th> <th>Turnout (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>3 March 2011<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Do you want the Assembly now to be able to make laws on <b>all</b> matters in the 20 subject areas it has powers for? </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">63.5 </td> <td>36.5 </td> <td>35.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 September 1997<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>(i) I agree that there should be a Welsh Assembly; or <p>(ii) I do not agree that there should be a Welsh Assembly </p> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">50.3 </td> <td>49.7 </td> <td>51.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 March 1979<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Do you want the provisions of the Wales Act 1978 to be put into effect? </td> <td>20.3 </td> <td style="background: rgb(248, 193, 190);">79.7 </td> <td>58.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polls_on_devolution_status">Polls on devolution status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Polls on devolution status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Polls_on_powers">Polls on powers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Polls on powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note: On 4 March 2011, 63.5% voted to devolve primary lawmaking powers for the areas already devolved to the Senedd.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;"> <caption>Constitutional status polls </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Date(s) conducted </th> <th>Polling organisation </th> <th style="background:green; color:white;">Support<br />independence (%) </th> <th style="background:green; color:white;">Support more<br />powers for<br />the Senedd (%) </th> <th style="background:orange; color:white;">Support<br />status quo (%) </th> <th style="background:red; color:white;">Support fewer<br />powers for<br />the Senedd (%) </th> <th style="background:red; color:white;">Support abolition<br />of the Senedd (%) </th> <th style="background:black; color:white;">Indifferent/<br />don't know (%) </th> <th>Combined total:<br />more powers (%) </th> <th>Combined total:<br />no more powers (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>5-25 June 2023<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Beaufort Research / WalesOnline </td> <td>16 </td> <td>23 </td> <td style="background: rgb(255, 219, 153);">25 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>39 </td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12-17 May 2023<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>YouGov / Barn Cymru </td> <td>13 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">21 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>47 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3-7 February 2023<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>YouGov / Barn Cymru </td> <td>15 </td> <td>20 </td> <td style="background: rgb(255, 219, 153);">21 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 November - 1 December 2022<sup id="cite_ref-:19_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>YouGov / Barn Cymru </td> <td>14 </td> <td>21 </td> <td style="background: rgb(255, 219, 153);">23 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20-22 September 2022<sup id="cite_ref-:19_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>YouGov </td> <td>17 </td> <td>19 </td> <td style="background: rgb(255, 219, 153);">21 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>47 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 January – 21 February 2021<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM Unlimited </td> <td>14 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">35 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4–22 February 2020<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>11 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">43 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>54 </td> <td>41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7–23 February 2019<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>7 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">46 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>53 </td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 2018<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>SkyData </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">40 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>48 </td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 2017<sup id="cite_ref-EU_migrants_should_have_skills,_public_tells_BBC_Wales_poll_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU_migrants_should_have_skills,_public_tells_BBC_Wales_poll-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>6 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">44 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 January 2017 </td> <td colspan="9"><b><a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2017" title="Wales Act 2017">Wales Act 2017</a> is passed</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 2016<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>6 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">43 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 2015<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>6 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">40 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>46 </td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 December 2014 </td> <td colspan="9"><b><a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2014" title="Wales Act 2014">Wales Act 2014</a> passed</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19-22 September 2014<sup id="cite_ref-'Record_low'_back_Welsh_independence_-_BBC/ICM_poll_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'Record_low'_back_Welsh_independence_-_BBC/ICM_poll-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>3 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">49 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>52 </td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 September 2014 </td> <td colspan="9"><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Scottish_independence_referendum" title="2014 Scottish independence referendum">2014 Scottish independence referendum</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 2014<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Cymru_ICM_Poll_of_1,000_adults_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Cymru_ICM_Poll_of_1,000_adults-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>5 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">37 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>42 </td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013<sup id="cite_ref-:63_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:63-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>9 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">36 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012<sup id="cite_ref-:63_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:63-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>7 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">36 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>55 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011<sup id="cite_ref-:63_137-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:63-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>11 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">35 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>46 </td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 March 2011 </td> <td colspan="9"><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">2011 Welsh devolution referendum</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 2011<sup id="cite_ref-:17_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ITV Wales / YouGov </td> <td>n/a </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">49 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>26 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010<sup id="cite_ref-:63_137-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:63-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>11 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">40 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 2007<sup id="cite_ref-:17_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>BBC / ICM </td> <td>n/a </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">47 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>9 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>n/a </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Polls_on_parliament">Polls on parliament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Polls on parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;"> <caption>Polls on devolved parliament<br />Question: Should Wales Have Its Own Parliament? </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Date published </th> <th>Publisher </th> <th style="background:green; color:white;">Yes Parliament (%) </th> <th style="background:red; color:white;">No Parliament (%) </th> <th style="background:black; color:white;">Do not know (%) </th> <th>Lead </th></tr> <tr> <td>18–19 May 2024 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-18-19-may-2024/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>60</b> </td> <td>31 </td> <td>9 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22–23 April 2024 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-22-23-april-2024/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>60</b> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>10 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23–24 March 2024 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-23-24-march-2024/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>55</b> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>13 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 February 2024 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-18-february-2024/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>55</b> </td> <td>34 </td> <td>11 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24–26 January 2024 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-24-26-january-2024/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>59</b> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>9 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10–11 December 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-10-11-december-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>60</b> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>10 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12–13 November 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-12-13-november-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>55</b> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>11 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14–15 October 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-14-15-october-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>58</b> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>10 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16–17 September 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/latest-welsh-westminster-senedd-voting-intention-16-17-september-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>65</b> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>13 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13–14 August 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-13-14-august-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>60</b> </td> <td>28 </td> <td>12 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14–16 July 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-14-16-july-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>66</b> </td> <td>27 </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17–18 June 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-17-18-june-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>61</b> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>9 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14–15 May 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-14-15-may-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>63</b> </td> <td>28 </td> <td>10 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15–17 April 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com/welsh-westminster-senedd-independence-referendum-voting-intention-15-17-april-2023/">Redfield & Wilton Strategies</a> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);"><b>63</b> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>12 </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">38 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;"> <caption>Polls on devolved powers </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Date Published </th> <th>Publisher </th> <th>Question/Statement </th> <th style="background:green; color:white;">Disagree with removing powers (%) </th> <th style="background:red; color:white;">Agree with removing powers (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>2021<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UK in a Changing Europe <p>Using Welsh Election Study (WES) data in a report "British Politics after Brexit". </p> </td> <td>Brexit should not be used as an excuse to undermine the Senedd VS The UK Government is right to remove powers from the Senedd if it is necessary to maximise Brexit benefits </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">71 </td> <td>29 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;"> <caption>Polls on the status of the Senedd </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Date(s) conducted </th> <th>Polling organisation </th> <th>Question/Statement </th> <th style="background:green; color:white;">Support devolution<br />(excluding don't know) (%) </th> <th style="background:red; color:white;">Abolish the Senedd<br />(excluding don't know) (%) </th> <th style="background:black; color:white;">Do not know (%) </th> <th style="background:grey; color:white;">Abstain / Would not vote (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>19 – 22 February 2021<sup id="cite_ref-:8_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>YouGov </td> <td><i>If there was a referendum tomorrow on abolishing the Senedd (Welsh Parliament) and this was the question, how would you vote? Should Wales abolish the Senedd (Welsh Parliament)?</i> </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">45 (62) </td> <td>28 (38) </td> <td>17 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The Guardian / ICM </td> <td>On establishing a National Assembly for Wales </td> <td>37 (51) </td> <td>36 (49) </td> <td>27 </td> <td>n/a </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Polls on increased devolved powers </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date(s) conducted </th> <th>Polling organisation </th> <th>Question/Statement </th> <th>Age 18-24 Yes:No (%) </th> <th>Age 25-49 Yes:No (%) </th> <th>Age 50-64 Yes:No (%) </th> <th>Age 65+ <p>Yes:No (%) </p> </th> <th>Yes (%, excluding don't know) </th> <th>No (%, excluding don't know) </th> <th>Do not know (%) </th> <th>Abstain / Would not vote (%) </th> <th>Refused </th></tr> <tr> <td>11–16 November 2020<sup id="cite_ref-:9_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>YouGov </td> <td><i>If there was a referendum tomorrow on the transferring of more powers to the Senedd (Welsh Parliament), including control of tax and welfare, but excluding defence and foreign affairs, how would you vote? Should more powers be transferred to the Senedd (Welsh Parliament)?</i> </td> <td>55:12 </td> <td>41:15 </td> <td>40:39 </td> <td>32:43 </td> <td>40 (59) </td> <td>28 (41) </td> <td>20 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Polls in the absence of devolution, by political party </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Date(s) conducted </th> <th rowspan="2">Polling organisation & client </th> <th rowspan="2">Sample size </th> <th colspan="5">Independence (inc. sub-samples) </th> <th colspan="5">No devolved government (inc. sub-samples) </th> <th rowspan="2">Indifferent <p>/ no reply <i>(%)</i> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total (%) </th> <th><i>Conservative</i> (%) </th> <th><i>Labour</i> (%) </th> <th><i>Lib Dem</i> (%) </th> <th><i>Plaid Cymru</i> (%) </th> <th>Total (%) </th> <th><i>Conservative</i> (%) </th> <th><i>Labour</i> (%) </th> <th><i>Lib Dem</i> (%) </th> <th><i>Plaid Cymru</i> (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>29 May – 1 June 2020 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/electionsinwales/2020/06/05/attitudes-to-devolution-and-welsh-independence/">ITV Wales / YouGov / Cardiff Uni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200904164221/https://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/electionsinwales/2020/06/05/attitudes-to-devolution-and-welsh-independence/">Archived</a> 2020-09-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td> <td>1,021 </td> <td style="background: white">33% </td> <td>12% </td> <td style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">45% </td> <td>39% </td> <td style="background: rgb(1,223,116);"><b>87%</b> </td> <td style="background: rgb(248, 193, 190);">45% </td> <td style="background: rgb(233, 107, 103);"><b>79%</b> </td> <td>35% </td> <td style="background: rgb(233, 107, 103);"><b>53%</b> </td> <td>4% </td> <td>21% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YesCymru&rft.atitle=Overwhelming+support+for+giving+more+powers+to+the+Senedd&rft.date=2020-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yes.cymru%2Fsupport_for_giving_more_powers_to_senedd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+devolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_sources">General sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(historian)" title="John Davies (historian)">Davies, John</a> (1994). <i>A History of Wales</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-014581-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-014581-6"><bdi>978-0-14-014581-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Wales&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-14-014581-6&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+devolution" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_devolution&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradbury2021" class="citation journal cs1">Bradbury, Jonathan (2021). "Welsh Devolution and the Union: Reform Debates after Brexit". <i>The Political Quarterly</i>. <b>92</b> (1): 125–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-923X.12944">10.1111/1467-923X.12944</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234250190">234250190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Political+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Welsh+Devolution+and+the+Union%3A+Reform+Debates+after+Brexit&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=125-131&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-923X.12944&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234250190%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+devolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2023" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, Adam (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/155644/3/Birth%20pangs%20or%20a%20honeymoon%20from%20hell%20%28manuscript%20as%20accepted%20for%20publication%29.pdf">"Birth pangs or a honeymoon from hell? The long annus horribilis for Welsh devolution, 1998–2000"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Contemporary British History</i>. <b>37</b> (2): 192–215. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13619462.2023.2167077">10.1080/13619462.2023.2167077</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255771047">255771047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+British+History&rft.atitle=Birth+pangs+or+a+honeymoon+from+hell%3F+The+long+annus+horribilis+for+Welsh+devolution%2C+1998%E2%80%932000&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=192-215&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13619462.2023.2167077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A255771047%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forca.cardiff.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F155644%2F3%2FBirth%2520pangs%2520or%2520a%2520honeymoon%2520from%2520hell%2520%2528manuscript%2520as%2520accepted%2520for%2520publication%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+devolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesHarrisonJones2022" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, Robert; 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Horvath, Aniko (2020). "The decentralisation of the governance of UK higher education: the effects of devolution to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and on England". <i>Policy Reviews in Higher Education</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 164–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23322969.2020.1751688">10.1080/23322969.2020.1751688</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218925727">218925727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Policy+Reviews+in+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=The+decentralisation+of+the+governance+of+UK+higher+education%3A+the+effects+of+devolution+to+Scotland%2C+Wales+and+Northern+Ireland%2C+and+on+England&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=164-178&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F23322969.2020.1751688&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218925727%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shattock&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Horvath%2C+Aniko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+devolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarrant2022" class="citation journal cs1">Tarrant, Alison (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F02610183221145404">"Devolution and the difficulty of divergence: The development of adult social care policy in Wales"</a>. <i>Critical Social Policy</i>. <b>43</b> (4): 676–696. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F02610183221145404">10.1177/02610183221145404</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255293430">255293430</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=Devolution+and+the+difficulty+of+divergence%3A+The+development+of+adult+social+care+policy+in+Wales&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=676-696&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F02610183221145404&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A255293430%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Tarrant&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F02610183221145404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+devolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace2019" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Jennifer (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/23024"><i>Wellbeing and Devolution: Reframing the Role of Government in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland</i></a>. Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12657%2F23024">20.500.12657/23024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-02230-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-02230-3"><bdi>978-3-030-02230-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wellbeing+and+Devolution%3A+Reframing+the+Role+of+Government+in+Scotland%2C+Wales+and+Northern+Ireland&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12657%2F23024&rft.isbn=978-3-030-02230-3&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.oapen.org%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12657%2F23024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+devolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsEirug2022" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Jane; Eirug, Aled (2022). <i>The Impact of Devolution in Wales: Social Democracy with a Welsh Stripe?</i>. University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78683-888-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78683-888-9"><bdi>978-1-78683-888-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+Devolution+in+Wales%3A+Social+Democracy+with+a+Welsh+Stripe%3F&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-78683-888-9&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Eirug%2C+Aled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+devolution" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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aria-labelledby="Welsh_devolution" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welsh_devolution" title="Template:Welsh devolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Welsh_devolution" title="Template talk:Welsh devolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh_devolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh devolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Welsh_devolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welsh devolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution in the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Welsh devolution referendum">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">1997</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_(Scotland_and_Wales)_Act_1997" title="Referendums (Scotland and Wales) Act 1997">Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devolved bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Governments" title="List of Welsh Governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ministers_of_Wales" title="List of first ministers of Wales">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK Parliament commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_(United_Kingdom)" title="Royal Commission on the Constitution (United Kingdom)">Kilbrandon Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Devolution_in_Wales" title="Commission on Devolution in Wales">Silk Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_consequences_of_devolution_for_the_House_of_Commons" title="Commission on the consequences of devolution for the House of Commons">McKay Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senedd commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Commission" title="Richard Commission">Richard Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_on_Funding_and_Finance_for_Wales" title="Independent Commission on Funding and Finance for Wales">Holtham Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Justice_in_Wales" title="Commission on Justice in Wales">Thomas Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devolution legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_1978" title="Wales Act 1978">Wales Act 1978</a> (not applied)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_1998" title="Government of Wales Act 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2014" title="Wales Act 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2017" title="Wales Act 2017">2017</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Day_Agreement" title="St David's Day Agreement">St David's Day Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolved,_reserved_and_excepted_matters" title="Devolved, reserved and excepted matters">Devolved matters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Senedd_Cymru" title="Act of Senedd Cymru">acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measure_of_the_National_Assembly_for_Wales" title="Measure of the National Assembly for Wales">measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statutory_instruments_of_the_Welsh_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of statutory instruments of the Welsh Assembly">statutory instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_consent_motion" title="Legislative consent motion">Legislative consent motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Competence_Order" title="Legislative Competence Order">Legislative Competence Order</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Welsh Affairs Select Committee">Welsh Affairs Select Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Grand_Committee" title="Welsh Grand Committee">Welsh Grand Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interministerial_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Interministerial Standing Committee">Interministerial Standing Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK Government departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Devolution Secretariat (<a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a>)</li> <li>Devolution Directorate-General (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Office" title="Wales Office">Wales Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Office" title="Welsh Office">Welsh Office</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Budget</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnett_formula" title="Barnett formula">Barnett formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_grant" title="Block grant">Block grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Wales" title="Taxation in Wales">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_further_Welsh_devolution" title="Proposed further Welsh devolution">Proposed further Welsh devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_fiscal_autonomy_for_Scotland_and_Wales" title="Full fiscal autonomy for Scotland and Wales">Devo-max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Welsh_justice_system" title="Proposed Welsh justice system">Justice system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd_Reform_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Senedd Reform Bill">Senedd expansion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymru_Fydd" title="Cymru Fydd">Cymru Fydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_for_Wales_Campaign" title="Parliament for Wales Campaign">Parliament for Wales Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes_for_Wales" title="Yes for Wales">Yes for Wales</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Referendum_results_and_opinion_polling">Opinion polling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Federalism in the United Kingdom">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_United_Kingdom_confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed United Kingdom confederation">Confederalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties represented in Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives" title="Welsh Conservatives">Welsh Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Welsh Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/16px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Welsh_nationalism_and_republicanism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welsh_nationalism" title="Template:Welsh nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Welsh_nationalism" title="Template talk:Welsh nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Welsh_nationalism_and_republicanism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">republicanism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_United_Kingdom_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nationalism in the United Kingdom (disambiguation)">Nationalism in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic nationalism">Celtic nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Nationalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">National identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_Welsh_independence" title="Opinion polling on Welsh independence">polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Welsh_independence_referendum" title="Proposed Welsh independence referendum">proposed referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Lost_Lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Lost Lands">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_movements_in_Wales" title="List of movements in Wales">Other movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-British_sentiment" title="Anti-British sentiment">Anti-British sentiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Under_One_Banner_Cymru" title="All Under One Banner Cymru">AUOB Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Society" title="Welsh Language Society">Cymdeithas yr Iaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Wales_Army" title="Free Wales Army">Free Wales Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwlad" title="Gwlad">Gwlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_for_an_Independent_Wales" title="Labour for an Independent Wales">Labour for an Independent Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meibion_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Meibion Glyndŵr">Meibion Glyndŵr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudiad_Amddiffyn_Cymru" title="Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru">Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propel_(political_party)" title="Propel (political party)">Propel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Football_Fans_for_Independence" title="Welsh Football Fans for Independence">Welsh Football Fans for Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YesCymru" title="YesCymru">YesCymru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_rule_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="English rule in Wales">English rule in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_rebellions_against_English_rule" title="Welsh rebellions against English rule">Welsh rebellions against English rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Owain Glyndŵr">Owain Glyndŵr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_rebellion" title="Glyndŵr rebellion">Glyndŵr rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymru_Fydd" title="Cymru Fydd">Cymru Fydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Plaid_Cymru" title="History of Plaid Cymru">History of Plaid Cymru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Society_of_the_Free_Welsh" title="Covenant Society of the Free Welsh">Covenant Society of the Free Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryweryn_flooding" title="Tryweryn flooding">Tryweryn flooding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capel_Celyn" title="Capel Celyn">Capel Celyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofiwch_Dryweryn" title="Cofiwch Dryweryn">Cofiwch Dryweryn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyberth" title="Penyberth">Penyberth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Penrhos" title="RAF Penrhos">RAF Penrhos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epynt_clearance" title="Epynt clearance">Epynt clearance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Devolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Referendums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Welsh devolution referendum">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes_for_Wales" title="Yes for Wales">Yes for Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_further_Welsh_devolution" title="Proposed further Welsh devolution">Proposed further devolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Welsh_justice_system" title="Proposed Welsh justice system">Proposed Welsh justice system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Justice_in_Wales" title="Commission on Justice in Wales">Commission on Justice in Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_fiscal_autonomy_for_Scotland_and_Wales" title="Full fiscal autonomy for Scotland and Wales">Proposed full fiscal powers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In parliament <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Plaid_Cymru_politicians" title="Category:Plaid Cymru politicians">politicians</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Ifanc" title="Plaid Ifanc">Plaid Ifanc</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Others</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Green_Party" title="Wales Green Party">Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwlad" title="Gwlad">Gwlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propel_(political_party)" title="Propel (political party)">Propel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymru_Goch" title="Cymru Goch">Cymru Goch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Wales" title="Forward Wales">Forward Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Plaid Glyndŵr">Plaid Glyndŵr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Republican_Movement" title="Welsh Republican Movement">Welsh Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Socialist_Republican_Movement" title="Welsh Socialist Republican Movement">Welsh Socialist Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_red_water" title="Clear red water">Clear red water</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Independence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Under_One_Banner_Cymru" title="All Under One Banner Cymru">All Under One Banner Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Welsh_independence_referendum" title="Proposed Welsh independence referendum">Proposed referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_Welsh_independence" title="Opinion polling on Welsh independence">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Football_Fans_for_Independence" title="Welsh Football Fans for Independence">Welsh Football Fans for Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_for_an_Independent_Wales" title="Labour for an Independent Wales">Labour for an Independent Wales</a> (within <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Green_Party" title="Wales Green Party">Wales Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YesCymru" title="YesCymru">YesCymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Nation:_Should_Wales_Leave_the_UK%3F" title="Independent Nation: Should Wales Leave the UK?">Independent Nation: Should Wales Leave the UK?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Cultural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bards_of_Wales" title="The Bards of Wales">The Bards of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymuned" title="Cymuned">Cymuned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a> activism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treachery_of_the_Blue_Books" title="Treachery of the Blue Books">Treachery of the Blue Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Not" title="Welsh Not">Welsh Not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Society" title="Welsh Language Society">Welsh Language Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_standardised_Welsh_place-names" title="List of standardised Welsh place-names">Welsh standard names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recommended_place-names_in_Snowdonia" title="Recommended place-names in Snowdonia">Renames in Snowdonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_relationship_between_the_Welsh_and_the_English" title="Cultural relationship between the Welsh and the English">Anti-English sentiment, and discrimination towards the Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">National symbols of Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_flags" title="List of Welsh flags">flags</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism#Militant_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Militant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Wales_Army" title="Free Wales Army">Free Wales Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meibion_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Meibion Glyndŵr">Meibion Glyndŵr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_T%C3%A2n" title="Operation Tân">Operation Tân</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudiad_Amddiffyn_Cymru" title="Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru">Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales#Opposition" title="Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales">1969 Abergele bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Peace,_Cardiff#History" title="Temple of Peace, Cardiff">1986 Cardiff Temple of Peace bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">Republicanism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Prince_of_Wales_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the Prince of Wales title">Opposition to the Prince of Wales title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_of_the_prince_of_Wales#Opposition_to_investitures" title="Investiture of the prince of Wales">Opposition to Prince of Wales investiture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales#Opposition" title="Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales">Opposition to the 1996 investiture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Plaid_Cymru_politicians" title="Category:Plaid Cymru politicians">Plaid Cymru politicians</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Cayo-Evans" title="Julian Cayo-Evans">Julian Cayo-Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Church" title="Charlotte Church">Charlotte Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Coslett" title="Dennis Coslett">Dennis Coslett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiannon_Davies_Jones" title="Rhiannon Davies Jones">Rhiannon Davies Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithel_Davies" title="Ithel Davies">Ithel Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Edwards_(Welsh_novelist)" title="Dorothy Edwards (Welsh novelist)">Dorothy Edwards (Welsh novelist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_John_Edwards" title="Henry William John Edwards">Henry William John Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hywel_Teifi_Edwards" title="Hywel Teifi Edwards">Hywel Teifi Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Vincent_Evans" title="Evan Vincent Evans">Evan Vincent Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynfor_Evans" title="Gwynfor Evans">Gwynfor Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirwen_Gwynn" title="Eirwen Gwynn">Eirwen Gwynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emrys_ap_Iwan" title="Emrys ap Iwan">Emrys ap Iwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carwyn_James" title="Carwyn James">Carwyn James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barnard_Jenkins" title="John Barnard Jenkins">John Barnard Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Lewis_Jones" title="Julian Lewis Jones">Julian Lewis Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Jones" title="Michael D. Jones">Michael D. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(Welsh_radical)" title="William Jones (Welsh radical)">William Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Lewis" title="Saunders Lewis">Saunders Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emyr_Llywelyn" title="Emyr Llywelyn">Emyr Llywelyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_McAllister" title="Laura McAllister">Laura McAllister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._Meredith" title="J. E. Meredith">J. E. Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Morris" title="Jan Morris">Jan Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Osmond" title="John Osmond">John Osmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Owens" title="Arthur Owens">Arthur Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Penny" title="Anne Penny">Anne Penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Price_(physician)" title="William Price (physician)">William Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheen" title="Michael Sheen">Michael Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._S._Thomas" title="R. S. Thomas">R. S. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Owen_Vaughan" title="Arthur Owen Vaughan">Arthur Owen Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Matilda_Langland_Williams" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice Matilda Langland Williams">Alice Matilda Langland Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyn_A._Williams" title="Gwyn A. Williams">Gwyn A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orig_Williams" title="Orig Williams">Orig Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhydwen_Williams" title="Rhydwen Williams">Rhydwen Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Marchant_Williams" title="T. Marchant Williams">T. Marchant Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Wales" title="Unionism in Wales">Opposition to independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_nationalism" title="Category:Welsh nationalism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wales_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wales_topics" title="Template:Wales topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wales_topics" title="Template talk:Wales topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wales_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wales topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wales_articles" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Wales" title="Outline of Wales">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Welsh_history" title="Timeline of Welsh history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Welsh_history" title="Bibliography of Welsh history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Wales" title="Prehistoric Wales">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Roman_era" title="Wales in the Roman era">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Welsh_wars" title="List of Anglo-Welsh wars">Anglo-Welsh Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Kingdom of Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deheubarth" title="Deheubarth">Deheubarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Medieval Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Wales" title="Norman invasion of Wales">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">Edwardian conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan" title="Statute of Rhuddlan">Statute of Rhuddlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_rebellion" title="Glyndŵr rebellion">Glyndŵr rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_settlement_in_the_Americas" title="Welsh settlement in the Americas">Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Wales" title="Biodiversity of Wales">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Wales" title="Fauna of Wales">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Wales" title="Flora of Wales">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Wales" title="Climate of Wales">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Wales" title="Geology of Wales">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Wales" title="List of islands of Wales">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Wales" title="List of lakes of Wales">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains and hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Wales" title="Protected areas of Wales">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Wales" title="National parks of Wales">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areas_of_Outstanding_Natural_Beauty_in_Wales" title="Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales">AONBs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Wales" title="List of rivers of Wales">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England%E2%80%93Wales_border" title="England–Wales border">Wales–England border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Wales" title="List of waterfalls in Wales">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales" title="Elections in Wales">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Wales" title="List of cities in Wales">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_Wales" title="Mayors in Wales">Mayors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_in_Wales" title="List of rulers in Wales">Local rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Wales" title="List of political parties in Wales">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Wales" title="Unionism in Wales">Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Office" title="Wales Office">Wales Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counsel_General_for_Wales" title="Counsel General for Wales">Counsel General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Modern Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_forces_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Police forces of Wales">Police forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Wales" title="Armed forces in Wales">British Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_and_finance_in_Wales" title="Banking and finance in Wales">Banking and finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry_in_Wales" title="Coal industry in Wales">Coal mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Wales" title="List of companies of Wales">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Wales" title="Forestry in Wales">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_construction_in_Wales" title="Housing and construction in Wales">Housing and construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Wales" title="List of power stations in Wales">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_Wales" title="Slate industry in Wales">Slate quarrying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Wales" title="Transport in Wales">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Wales" title="Category:Society of Wales">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_art" title="Welsh art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Wales" title="List of castles in Wales">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorsedd_Cymru" title="Gorsedd Cymru">Gorsedd Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Literature in Welsh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Wales" title="List of museums in Wales">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_scheduled_monuments_in_Wales" title="Lists of scheduled monuments in Wales">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Wales" title="Sport in Wales">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Wales" title="Theatre of Wales">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Wales" title="Demographics of Wales">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">People</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people" title="List of Welsh people">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people#Actors" title="List of Welsh people">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Americans" title="List of Welsh Americans">Welsh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_architects" title="List of Welsh architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_artists" title="List of Welsh artists">Artists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_artists_associated_with_Wales" title="List of women artists associated with Wales">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_inventors" title="List of Welsh inventors">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_musicians" title="List of Welsh musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_poets_(6th_century_to_c._1600)" title="List of Welsh-language poets (6th century to c. 1600)">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people#Monarchs_and_princes" title="List of Welsh people">Royalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_scientists" title="List of Welsh scientists">Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_women" title="List of Welsh women">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_writers" title="List of Welsh writers">Writers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_authors" title="List of Welsh-language authors">in Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_women_writers" title="List of Welsh women writers">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Wales" title="Health in Wales">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Wales" title="NHS Wales">Healthcare service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_health_board" title="Local health board">Boards</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Wales" title="Christianity in Wales">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Wales" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wales">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Presbyterianism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Non-Christian belief systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Wales" title="Baháʼí Faith in Wales">Bahá'ís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Wales" title="Buddhism in Wales">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Wales" title="Hinduism in Wales">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Wales" title="Islam in Wales">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Wales" title="History of the Jews in Wales">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Wales" title="Sikhism in Wales">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li>History <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Methodist_revival" title="Welsh Methodist revival">Welsh Methodist revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904%E2%80%931905_Welsh_revival" title="1904–1905 Welsh revival">1904–1905 Welsh revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_Act_1914" title="Welsh Church Act 1914">Welsh Church Act 1914</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_flags" title="List of Welsh flags">Flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Wales" title="Flag of Wales">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers" title="Prince of Wales's feathers">Prince of Wales's feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Badge_of_Wales" title="Royal Badge of Wales">Royal Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/48px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/64px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales 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