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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valeria Maximilla</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximila" title="Valeria Maximila – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Valeria Maximila" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Валерия Максимила – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Валерия Максимила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A8ria_Maximil%C2%B7la" title="Valèria Maximil·la – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Valèria Maximil·la" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximilla" title="Valeria Maximilla – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valeria Maximilla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Βαλερία Μαξιμίλλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαλερία Μαξιμίλλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximila" title="Valeria Maximila – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valeria Maximila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="والریا ماکسیمیلا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="والریا ماکسیمیلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximilla" title="Valeria Maximilla – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Valeria Maximilla" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Massimilla" title="Valeria Massimilla – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valeria Massimilla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximilla" title="Valeria Maximilla – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Valeria Maximilla" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximilla" title="Valeria Maximilla – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valeria Maximilla" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9ria_Maximila" title="Valéria Maximila – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Valéria Maximila" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximilla" title="Valeria Maximilla – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Valeria Maximilla" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Валерия Максимилла – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валерия Максимилла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximilla" title="Valeria Maximilla – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valeria Maximilla" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeria_Maximilla" title="Valeria Maximilla – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Valeria Maximilla" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Валерія Максимілла – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валерія Максимілла" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Roman empress from 306 to 312</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Valeria Maximilla</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:(Toulouse)_Valeria_Maximilla_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond_Ra,_127.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%28Toulouse%29_Valeria_Maximilla_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond_Ra%2C_127.jpg/220px-%28Toulouse%29_Valeria_Maximilla_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond_Ra%2C_127.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%28Toulouse%29_Valeria_Maximilla_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond_Ra%2C_127.jpg/330px-%28Toulouse%29_Valeria_Maximilla_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond_Ra%2C_127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%28Toulouse%29_Valeria_Maximilla_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond_Ra%2C_127.jpg/440px-%28Toulouse%29_Valeria_Maximilla_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond_Ra%2C_127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7526" data-file-height="7596" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Possible portrait, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond" title="Musée Saint-Raymond">Musée Saint-Raymond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_Empresses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman and Byzantine Empresses">Empress of the Roman Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">306–312 <small>(alongside <a href="/wiki/Galeria_Valeria" title="Galeria Valeria">Galeria Valeria</a> 307–311, <a href="/wiki/Fausta" title="Fausta">Fausta</a> 309–312)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">before 293</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">after 312</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Romulus" title="Valerius Romulus">Valerius Romulus</a></li><li>unknown second son</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Emperor <a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Valeria Maximilla</b> (<abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 293–312</span>) was a Roman Empress and wife of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Maximilla&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maximilla was the daughter of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a> and his first wife, whose name is unknown. Around 293 (the exact date is unknown), she married Maxentius, son of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a>, in what was likely an attempt to forge an alliance between the families of Maximian and Galerius. They had two sons. The eldest, <a href="/wiki/Valerius_Romulus" title="Valerius Romulus">Valerius Romulus</a>, was born c. 295 and died in 309; the other son's name is not recorded, but might be Aurelius Valerius, who was executed in 312. As an emperor's daughter, she was entitled <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Nobilissima" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobilissima">nobilissima</a> femina</i></span>. </p><p>Maxentius was acclaimed emperor in October 306 against the wishes of Maximilla's father, who unsuccessfully tried to overthrow the usurper in 307. Maxentius remained the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy_(Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy (Roman Empire)">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa</a> until 312, when <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a> invaded Italy. Valeria and her husband were together before his defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Milvian_Bridge" title="Battle of the Milvian Bridge">Battle of the Milvian Bridge</a>, after which she disappears from the historical record. Her fate is unknown. </p><p>Valeria Maximilla's portrait does not appear on any of the coinage issued under Maxentius, but she may have been depicted on a defaced sculpture now housed in the <a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Museums" title="Capitoline Museums">Capitoline Museums</a>. If it is of Maximilla, it was likely defaced after her husband's overthrow, when his own images were also defaced.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suess_Conversion_of_Empress.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Suess_Conversion_of_Empress.JPG/104px-Suess_Conversion_of_Empress.JPG" decoding="async" width="104" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Suess_Conversion_of_Empress.JPG/156px-Suess_Conversion_of_Empress.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Suess_Conversion_of_Empress.JPG/208px-Suess_Conversion_of_Empress.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="2661" /></a><figcaption>Empress "Faustina" visiting <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">St. Catherine</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_St._Catherine's_hagiography"><span id="In_St._Catherine.27s_hagiography"></span>In St. Catherine's hagiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Maximilla&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In St. Catherine's hagiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maximilla may be the nameless queen who appears in the <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a> of <a href="/wiki/St._Catherine_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Catherine of Alexandria">St. Catherine of Alexandria</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a> (one of the fantastic stories in the "<a href="/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a>"). In this story, the queen converted to Christianity after meeting with Catherine, and the both of them were then tortured and executed by Maxentius, depicted here as a persecutor of Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In another similar version by 15th-century Italian hagiographer <a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Natalibus" title="Petrus de Natalibus">Petrus de Natalibus</a>, the queen was named "Faustina". She was accompanied to Catherine's jail by Porphyrius, an army captain. Along with Faustina, the captain and 200 of his soldiers also converted, and they were all supposedly martyred by Maxentius.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> churches, Faustina, Porphyrius (called a <a href="/wiki/Stratelates" title="Stratelates">stratelates</a>) and the soldiers share a <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> with Catherine: <a href="/wiki/November_24_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)" title="November 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)">November 24</a> for the Russian Orthodox Church, and <a href="/wiki/November_25_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)" title="November 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)">Nov. 25</a> for the Greek Orthodox Church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Maximilla&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_women" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman women">List of Roman women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_empresses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman empresses">List of Roman empresses</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Maximilla&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCapus2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Capus, Pascal (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.villachiragan.saintraymond.toulouse.fr/partie-04-l-antiquite-tardive/ra-127-valeria-maximilla"><i>Portrait de Valeria Maximilla (?)</i></a> (in French). , Musée d’Archéologie de Toulouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-909454-41-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-909454-41-2"><bdi>978-2-909454-41-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portrait+de+Valeria+Maximilla+%28%3F%29&rft.pub=%2C+Mus%C3%A9e+d%E2%80%99Arch%C3%A9ologie+de+Toulouse&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-2-909454-41-2&rft.aulast=Capus&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.villachiragan.saintraymond.toulouse.fr%2Fpartie-04-l-antiquite-tardive%2Fra-127-valeria-maximilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValeria+Maximilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarner2004" class="citation book cs1">Varner, Eric R. (2004). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mutilationtransf00varn"><i>Mutilation and Transformation (Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture)</i></a></span>. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mutilationtransf00varn/page/n229">219</a>–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-13577-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-13577-4"><bdi>90-04-13577-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mutilation+and+Transformation+%28Damnatio+Memoriae+and+Roman+Imperial+Portraiture%29&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pages=219-220&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=90-04-13577-4&rft.aulast=Varner&rft.aufirst=Eric+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmutilationtransf00varn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValeria+Maximilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/golden317.htm">"The Life of Saint Katherine"</a>. <i>The Golden Legend or Lives of the Saints compiled by Jacobus de Voragine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Golden+Legend+or+Lives+of+the+Saints+compiled+by+Jacobus+de+Voragine&rft.atitle=The+Life+of+Saint+Katherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-forum.com%2Fsaints%2Fgolden317.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValeria+Maximilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoutts_Lindsay1885" class="citation book cs1">Coutts Lindsay (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SketchesOfTheHistoryOfChristianArtV1"><i>Sketches of the History of Christian Art</i></a>. John Murray. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SketchesOfTheHistoryOfChristianArtV1/page/n78">62</a>. <q>[From <a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Natalibus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter de Natalibus">Peter de Natalibus</a>.] Catherine, Virgin and Martyr, suffered at Alexandria under Maxentius the Emperor. [...] the Queen Faustina, his wife, touched with pity, bribed Catherine's gaolers with the assistance of Porphyrius, captain of the host, and came by night to the prison.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sketches+of+the+History+of+Christian+Art&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1885&rft.au=Coutts+Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSketchesOfTheHistoryOfChristianArtV1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValeria+Maximilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Hucks_Gibbs1884" class="citation book cs1">Henry Hucks Gibbs, ed. (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qdK8MsAc-dcC&pg=PP116"><i>The Life and Martyrdom of Saint Katherine of Alexandria</i></a>. London: Nichols. p. 116. <q><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Natalibus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter de Natalibus">Peter de Natalibus</a> gives her the name Faustina, under which name, he says, she was canonized, the day of her martyrdom being 9 <a href="/wiki/Kalends" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalends">Kal.</a> Dec. I believe there is no evidence that <a href="/wiki/Maximinus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximinus II">Maximin</a> had a wife named Faustina; and Maxentius, as I have before said, was never in Alexandria. Archbishop Falconius [Niccolò Carminio Falconi / Nicolaus Carminius Falconius, 18th c.] calls the empress "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">uxor illa per somnium Maxentii imperatoris</i></span>."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Martyrdom+of+Saint+Katherine+of+Alexandria&rft.place=London&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Nichols&rft.date=1884&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqdK8MsAc-dcC%26pg%3DPP116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValeria+Maximilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiMaio,_Jr." class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">DiMaio, Jr., Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/maxentiu.htm">"Maxentius (306-312 A.D.)"</a>. <i>De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maxentius+%28306-312+A.D.%29&rft.btitle=De+Imperatoribus+Romanis%3A+An+Online+Encyclopedia+of+Roman+Rulers+and+Their+Families&rft.aulast=DiMaio%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roman-emperors.org%2Fmaxentiu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValeria+Maximilla" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF">Royal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Galeria_Valeria" title="Galeria Valeria">Galeria Valeria</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress of Rome">Empress of Rome</a> </b><br />306–312<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Galeria_Valeria" title="Galeria Valeria">Galeria Valeria</a></i> <i> (307–311)</i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Fausta" title="Fausta">Fausta</a></i> <i> (309–312)</i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fausta" title="Fausta">Fausta</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_empresses" title="Template:Roman empresses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_empresses" title="Template talk:Roman empresses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_empresses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman empresses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Roman and Byzantine</a> empresses</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a><br />27 BC – AD 235</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livia" title="Livia">Livia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livia_Orestilla" title="Livia Orestilla">Livia Orestilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollia_Paulina" title="Lollia Paulina">Lollia Paulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonia_Caesonia" title="Milonia Caesonia">Milonia Caesonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messalina" title="Messalina">Messalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Octavia" title="Claudia Octavia">Claudia Octavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppaea_Sabina" title="Poppaea Sabina">Poppaea Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statilia_Messalina" title="Statilia Messalina">Statilia Messalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeria_Fundana" title="Galeria Fundana">Galeria Fundana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitia_Longina" title="Domitia Longina">Domitia Longina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeia_Plotina" title="Pompeia Plotina">Pompeia Plotina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibia_Sabina" title="Vibia Sabina">Vibia Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_the_Elder" title="Faustina the Elder">Faustina the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_the_Younger" title="Faustina the Younger">Faustina the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucilla" title="Lucilla">Lucilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruttia_Crispina" title="Bruttia Crispina">Bruttia Crispina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Titiana" title="Flavia Titiana">Flavia Titiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manlia_Scantilla" title="Manlia Scantilla">Manlia Scantilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Domna" title="Julia Domna">Julia Domna</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Fulvia_Plautilla" title="Fulvia Plautilla">Fulvia Plautilla</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Cornelia_Paula" title="Julia Cornelia Paula">Julia Cornelia Paula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilia_Severa" title="Aquilia Severa">Aquilia Severa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annia_Faustina" title="Annia Faustina">Annia Faustina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallustia_Orbiana" title="Sallustia Orbiana">Sallustia Orbiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis</a><br />235–285</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caecilia_Paulina" title="Caecilia Paulina">Caecilia Paulina</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquillina" title="Tranquillina">Tranquillina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Otacilia_Severa" title="Marcia Otacilia Severa">Marcia Otacilia Severa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herennia_Etruscilla" title="Herennia Etruscilla">Herennia Etruscilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Supera" title="Cornelia Supera">Cornelia Supera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Salonina" title="Cornelia Salonina">Cornelia Salonina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpia_Severina" title="Ulpia Severina">Ulpia Severina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnia_Urbica" title="Magnia Urbica">Magnia Urbica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominate" title="Dominate">Dominate</a><br />284–610</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisca_(empress)" title="Prisca (empress)">Prisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutropia" title="Eutropia">Eutropia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeria_Valeria" title="Galeria Valeria">Galeria Valeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Maximiana_Theodora" title="Flavia Maximiana Theodora">Flavia Maximiana Theodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minervina" title="Minervina">Minervina</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausta" title="Fausta">Fausta</a></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valeria Maximilla</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Julia_Constantia" title="Flavia Julia Constantia">Flavia Julia Constantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebia_(empress)" title="Eusebia (empress)">Eusebia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_(wife_of_Constantius_II)" title="Faustina (wife of Constantius II)">Faustina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_(wife_of_Julian)" title="Helena (wife of Julian)">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charito" title="Charito">Charito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Severa" title="Marina Severa">Marina Severa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justina_(empress)" title="Justina (empress)">Justina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnica" title="Domnica">Domnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantia_(wife_of_Gratian)" title="Constantia (wife of Gratian)">Constantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laeta" title="Laeta">Laeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aelia_Flaccilla" title="Aelia Flaccilla">Aelia Flaccilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galla_(wife_of_Theodosius_I)" title="Galla (wife of Theodosius I)">Galla</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a><br />395–480</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_(empress)" title="Maria (empress)">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermantia" title="Thermantia">Thermantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galla_Placidia" title="Galla Placidia">Galla Placidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licinia_Eudoxia" title="Licinia Eudoxia">Licinia Eudoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Euphemia" title="Marcia Euphemia">Marcia Euphemia</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Placidia" title="Placidia">Placidia</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos%27s_wife" title="Julius Nepos's wife">Julius Nepos's wife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Empire</a><br />395–610</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelia_Eudoxia" title="Aelia Eudoxia">Aelia Eudoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aelia_Eudocia" title="Aelia Eudocia">Aelia Eudocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulcheria" title="Pulcheria">Pulcheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verina" title="Verina">Verina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(empress)" title="Ariadne (empress)">Ariadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenonis" title="Zenonis">Zenonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_(empress)" title="Euphemia (empress)">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Justinian_I)" title="Theodora (wife of Justinian I)">Theodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_(empress)" title="Sophia (empress)">Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ino_Anastasia" title="Ino Anastasia">Ino Anastasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantina_(empress)" title="Constantina (empress)">Constantina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontia" title="Leontia">Leontia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern/<br />Byzantine Empire</a><br />610–1453</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabia_Eudokia" title="Fabia Eudokia">Fabia Eudokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martina_(empress)" title="Martina (empress)">Martina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregoria" title="Gregoria">Gregoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausta_(wife_of_Constans_II)" title="Fausta (wife of Constans II)">Fausta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_(wife_of_Constantine_IV)" title="Anastasia (wife of Constantine IV)">Anastasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_(wife_of_Justinian_II)" title="Eudokia (wife of Justinian II)">Eudokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_of_Khazaria" title="Theodora of Khazaria">Theodora of Khazaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_(wife_of_Leo_III)" title="Maria (wife of Leo III)">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzitzak" title="Tzitzak">Tzitzak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_(wife_of_Constantine_V)" title="Maria (wife of Constantine V)">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_(wife_of_Constantine_V)" title="Eudokia (wife of Constantine V)">Eudokia</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Anna_(wife_of_Artabasdos)" title="Anna (wife of Artabasdos)">Anna</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens"><b>Irene</b> of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Amnia" title="Maria of Amnia">Maria of Amnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodote_(empress)" title="Theodote (empress)">Theodote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophano_of_Athens" title="Theophano of Athens">Theophano of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prokopia" title="Prokopia">Prokopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosia_(wife_of_Leo_V)" title="Theodosia (wife of Leo V)">Theodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thekla_(wife_of_Michael_II)" title="Thekla (wife of Michael II)">Thekla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_(9th_century)" title="Euphrosyne (9th century)">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)" title="Theodora (wife of Theophilos)">Theodora</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Dekapolitissa" title="Eudokia Dekapolitissa">Eudokia Dekapolitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Ingerina" title="Eudokia Ingerina">Eudokia Ingerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophano_Martinakia" title="Theophano Martinakia">Theophano Martinakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Zaoutzaina" title="Zoe Zaoutzaina">Zoe Zaoutzaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Ba%C3%AFana" title="Eudokia Baïana">Eudokia Baïana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Karbonopsina" title="Zoe Karbonopsina">Zoe Karbonopsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Lekapene" title="Helena Lekapene">Helena Lekapene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Romanos_I)" title="Theodora (wife of Romanos I)">Theodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophano_(born_Anastaso)" title="Theophano (born Anastaso)">Theophano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(daughter_of_Constantine_VII)" title="Theodora (daughter of Constantine VII)">Theodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_(daughter_of_Alypius)" title="Helena (daughter of Alypius)">Helena</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Porphyrogenita" title="Zoe Porphyrogenita">Zoë</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita" title="Theodora Porphyrogenita">Theodora</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bulgaria" title="Catherine of Bulgaria">Catherine of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Makrembolitissa" title="Eudokia Makrembolitissa">Eudokia Makrembolitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Alania" title="Maria of Alania">Maria of Alania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Doukaina" title="Irene Doukaina">Irene Doukaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Hungary" title="Irene of Hungary">Irene of Hungary</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Dobrodeia_of_Kiev" title="Dobrodeia of Kiev">Dobrodeia of Kiev</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Sulzbach" title="Bertha of Sulzbach">Bertha of Sulzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Antioch" title="Maria of Antioch">Maria of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_France,_Byzantine_Empress" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnes of France, Byzantine Empress">Agnes of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Hungary" title="Margaret of Hungary">Margaret of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_Doukaina_Kamatera" title="Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera">Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Angelina" title="Eudokia Angelina">Eudokia Angelina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene_Angelina" title="Anna Komnene Angelina">Anna Komnene Angelina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Armenia" title="Philippa of Armenia">Philippa of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Courtenay" title="Maria of Courtenay">Maria of Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Laskarina" title="Irene Laskarina">Irene Laskarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Hohenstaufen" title="Anna of Hohenstaufen">Anna of Hohenstaufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Asenina_of_Bulgaria" title="Elena Asenina of Bulgaria">Elena Asenina of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Palaiologina_(Byzantine_empress)" title="Theodora Palaiologina (Byzantine empress)">Theodora Palaiologina</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Hungary_(Byzantine_empress)" title="Anna of Hungary (Byzantine empress)">Anna of Hungary</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Montferrat" title="Irene of Montferrat">Irene of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_of_Armenia" title="Rita of Armenia">Rita of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Brunswick" title="Irene of Brunswick">Irene of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Savoy" title="Anna of Savoy">Anna of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Kantakouzene" title="Helena Kantakouzene">Helena Kantakouzene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Asanina" title="Irene Asanina">Irene Asanina</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Irene_Palaiologina_(Byzantine_empress)" title="Irene Palaiologina (Byzantine empress)">Irene Palaiologina</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keratsa_of_Bulgaria" title="Keratsa of Bulgaria">Keratsa of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Gattilusio" title="Irene Gattilusio">Irene Gattilusio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Draga%C5%A1" title="Helena Dragaš">Helena Dragaš</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Moscow" title="Anna of Moscow">Anna of Moscow</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Montferrat" title="Sophia of Montferrat">Sophia of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Komnene_(daughter_of_Alexios_IV)" title="Maria Komnene (daughter of Alexios IV)">Maria of Trebizond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Augustae" title="List of Augustae">Augustae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor, <u>underlining</u> indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and <b>bold</b> incidates an empress regnant.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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