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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Litotes" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Litotes" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Litotes" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Voorbeelden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litotes_en_ontkenning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litotes_en_ontkenning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Litotes en ontkenning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Litotes_en_ontkenning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Litotes en ontkenning-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Litotes_en_ontkenning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ontkennende_zin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontkennende_zin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ontkennende zin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontkennende_zin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dubbele_ontkenning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dubbele_ontkenning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dubbele ontkenning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dubbele_ontkenning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwante_begrippen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwante_begrippen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwante begrippen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwante_begrippen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Litotes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 41 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litota" title="Litota – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litota" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Літота – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Літота – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Литота – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литота" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotenn" title="Litotenn – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Litotenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtote" title="Lítote – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lítote" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Litotes" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litote" title="Litote – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Litote" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Litotes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Litotes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoto" title="Litoto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litoto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenuaci%C3%B3n_(ret%C3%B3rica)" title="Atenuación (retórica) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atenuación (retórica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litote" title="Litote – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Litote" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%81_(%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="تخفیف (ادبیات) – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تخفیف (ادبیات)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litote" title="Litote – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Litote" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtote" title="Lítote – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lítote" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litota" title="Litota – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Litota" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Litotes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoto" title="Litoto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Litoto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litote" title="Litote – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Litote" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%A9%E5%8F%99%E6%B3%95" title="緩叙法 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="緩叙法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ლიტოტესი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიტოტესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Литота – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литота" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%84%EC%84%9C%EB%B2%95" title="완서법 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="완서법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Литота – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литота" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litot%C4%97" title="Litotė – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Litotė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Литотась – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Литотась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Литота – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литота" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litotes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litota" title="Litota – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Litota" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtotes" title="Lítotes – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lítotes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Литота – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoti" title="Litoti – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Litoti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litota" title="Litota – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litota" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Litotes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litota_(figura_letrare)" title="Litota (figura letrare) – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Litota (figura letrare)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Литота – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Литота" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Litotes" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litotes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Літота – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litota" title="Litota – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litota" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q324939#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>De <b>litotes</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is een <a href="/wiki/Stijlfiguur" title="Stijlfiguur">stijlfiguur</a> waarbij een begrip wordt omschreven door de ontkenning van het tegengestelde, met het doel juist een sterke bevestiging uit te drukken. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Dat was niet erg slim van je!</i> (Bijvoorbeeld tegen iemand die een vaas uit zijn handen laat vallen; de spreker vindt hem heel dom.)</li> <li><i>Daar zit ik niet direct op te wachten!</i> ("Dat wil ik heel graag vermijden.")</li> <li><i>Niet leuk, hoor!</i> ("Heel naar.")</li> <li><i>Ze konden er niet om lachen.</i> ("Ze vonden het heel vervelend.")</li> <li><i>Dat was dus niet bepaald een succes.</i> ("Het was een flop.")</li> <li><i>Dat was niet slecht.</i> ("Dat was heel goed.")</li> <li>Citaat van prinses Amalia in biografie door <a href="/wiki/Claudia_de_Breij" title="Claudia de Breij">Claudia de Breij</a> (2021): <i>Ik ben echt niet de meest gelovige persoon</i> ("Ik heb zo mijn twijfels.")<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Tusschen hem beyde en was gene vrede</i> ("ze vochten dat de stukken eraf vlogen" - uit <i><a href="/wiki/Karel_en_de_Elegast" class="mw-redirect" title="Karel en de Elegast">Karel en de Elegast</a></i>, 13e eeuw)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litotes_en_ontkenning">Litotes en ontkenning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Litotes en ontkenning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Litotes en ontkenning"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontkennende_zin">Ontkennende zin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontkennende zin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontkennende zin"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een <i>litotes</i> bevat een ontkenning, maar als een zin ontkennend is, wordt hij daarmee nog geen <i>litotes</i>. Je kunt eenvoudig willen meedelen dat er gisteren geen regen viel ("Gisteren regende het niet"); dat iemands intelligentie beperkt is ("Hij is niet erg slim") of dat een vorm van beleid redelijk succesvol blijkt ("Het gaat helemaal niet zo slecht met de gescheiden afvalinzameling") zónder dat je daarmee het tegendeel wilt benadrukken. </p><p>Pas wanneer het wél de bedoeling is juist krachtig het tegendeel te suggereren, wordt een ontkenning ook een <i>litotes</i>. Dit kan blijken uit een aantal hulpmiddelen: </p> <ul><li>het verband (de situatie waarin de uiting wordt gedaan)</li> <li>de intonatie (bij gesproken taal)</li> <li>het gebruik van kwalificerende woorden ("niet bepaald", "nou niet direct").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dubbele_ontkenning">Dubbele ontkenning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Dubbele ontkenning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Dubbele ontkenning"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een zin kan twee ontkenningen bevatten, en in talen als het Nederlands wordt er dan meestal van uitgegaan dat beide ontkenningen elkaar opheffen. Er ontstaan dan zinnen als: </p> <ul><li><i>Ja, ja, dat heb je niet onaardig gedaan.</i></li> <li><i>Hij woont daar niet oncomfortabel.</i> (Hetzij: "Zijn woning is tenminste bewoonbaar" – geen <i>litotes</i>; hetzij: "Hij woont in grote luxe" – wel <i>litotes</i>.)</li></ul> <p>Deze dubbele ontkenningen hebben lang niet altijd een litotische functie. De eerste voorbeeldzin kan eventueel ook worden opgevat als een <a href="/wiki/Eufemisme" title="Eufemisme">eufemisme</a>, indien bedoeld om een in de kern afwijzend oordeel te verbloemen. "Niet oncomfortabel" is in het ene verband wel een litotes, terwijl het in ander verband een neutrale beschrijving van de situatie geeft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwante_begrippen">Verwante begrippen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verwante begrippen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verwante begrippen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De litotes lijkt op het <a href="/wiki/Understatement" class="mw-redirect" title="Understatement">understatement</a>. Zo kan de bedoeling "Hij woont in grote luxe" worden weergegeven met: </p> <ul><li>een <i>litotes</i>: "Hij woont daar niet onaardig", maar ook met</li> <li>een <i>understatement: </i>Hij woont daar leuk!"</li></ul> <p>Soms is de grens tussen deze twee stijlfiguren vaag; zo kan in dit voorbeeld de formulering <i>niet onaardig</i> wellicht ook als een understatement worden gezien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litotes&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lemma <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dela012alge01_01/dela012alge01_01_02377.php">Litotes</a></i> in het <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dela012alge01_01/">Algemeen Letterkundig Lexicon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Jan_van_Bork" title="Gerrit Jan van Bork">G.J. van Bork</a>, D. Delabastita, H. van Gorp, <a href="/wiki/Piet_Verkruijsse" title="Piet Verkruijsse">P.J. Verkruijsse</a> en G.J. Vis, 2012, geraadpleegd op 2 juni 2021.</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Ton_den_Boon" title="Ton den Boon">Ton den Boon</a></span>, Stijlfiguren, Sdu, 2001, blz. 102</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Claes" title="Paul Claes">Paul Claes</a> & Eric Hulsens</span>, Groot retorisch woordenboek, Vantilt, 2015, blz. 92</li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">klemtoon op de eerste lettergreep</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">uit het <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>: λιτότης <i>litotès</i> "eenvoud, schraalte"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frieschdagblad.nl/geloven/De-Bijbel-is-voor-prinses-Amalia-een-soort-po%C3%ABzie-blijkt-uit-het-boek-van-Claudia-de-Breij-27161911.html"><i>De Bijbel is voor prinses Amalia 'een soort poëzie', blijkt uit het boek van Claudia de Breij - „Je hoeft de Bijbel niet zo letterlijk te nemen. Het is gewoon als een soort poëzie waar je levenslessen uit kan halen.” Dat zegt de prinses in het dinsdag over haar verschenen boek Amalia</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328143526/https://frieschdagblad.nl/geloven/De-Bijbel-is-voor-prinses-Amalia-een-soort-po%C3%ABzie-blijkt-uit-het-boek-van-Claudia-de-Breij-27161911.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 28 maart 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litotes&oldid=67361794">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litotes&oldid=67361794</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Stijlfiguur" title="Categorie:Stijlfiguur">Stijlfiguur</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 12 apr 2024 om 09:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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