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This includes seven in the [[Catholic Church]], and eight in Mormonism. Other people put the age of accountability at 12 (since that was the age at which Jesus [[Finding in the Temple|began to demonstrate his understanding of right and wrong]]) or 13 (the age of the Jewish [[Bar Mitzvah]]).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hooker |first1=Ashley |title=What Is the Age of Accountability? |url=https://www.crosswalk.com/faith/bible-study/what-is-the-age-of-accountability.html |website=[[Crosswalk.com]] |access-date=2 November 2023 |date=26 January 2022}}</ref> Other groups accept the concept an age of accountability but avoid putting a specific number on it. [[John MacArthur (American pastor)|John MacArthur]] suggests that "the Lord in His wisdom didn't identify a specific moment. God knows when each soul is accountable."<ref name=MacArthur>{{cite web |last1=MacArthur |first1=John |author1-link=John MacArthur (American pastor) |title=The Age of Accountability |url=https://www.gty.org/library/Articles/A264/The-Age-of-Accountability |website=Grace To You |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> ==Denominational views== ===Catholicism=== According to the [[Canon law of the Catholic Church]], before the age of seven, a child "is considered not responsible for oneself", but after that "is presumed to have the use of reason."<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__PC.HTM Code of Canon Law, can. 97 §2]</ref> In the [[Catholic Church]], an individual is required to make an [[Act of Faith (Christian)|act of faith]] when they come to the age of accountability.<ref name="Schouppe1879">{{cite book |last1=Schouppe |first1=François Xavier |title=Abridged Course of Religious Instruction, Apologetic, Dogmatic, and Moral: For the Use of Catholic Colleges and Schools |url=https://archive.org/details/abridgedcourser01schogoog |date=1879 |publisher=Burns & Oates |page=[https://archive.org/details/abridgedcourser01schogoog/page/n367 351] |language=English}}</ref> ===Reformed=== [[Reformed theologians]] tend to reject the concept altogether. [[Ligon Duncan]] argues that although there is an "age of discretion", the age of accountability is [[Human fertilization|conception]] – that is, "there is no time in a human being's life when he or she is not accountable to God." Duncan suggests that<ref>{{cite web |last1=Duncan |first1=Ligon |author1-link=Ligon Duncan |title=Is there an age of accountability? |url=https://rts.edu/resources/is-there-an-age-of-accountability/ |website=[[Reformed Theological Seminary]] |access-date=2 November 2023 |date=5 May 2020}}</ref> <blockquote> The idea of an age of accountability arose in the 19th century and the 20th century amongst non-Calvinistic Protestants who were attempting to address the issue of infant mortality and explain on the basis of [[Arminianism]] and [[Free will in theology|freewill]] why all children who had been unable to exercise their own unaided faith by freewill didn't go to hell. </blockquote> ===Methodism=== Methodist doctrine teaches that the [[Salvation_in_Christianity#Atonement|atonement of Christ]] "is unconditionally effective in the salvation of those mentally incompetent from birth, of those converted persons who have become mentally incompetent, and of children under the age of accountability."<ref name="CMC2023">{{cite web |title=What We Believe |url=https://cm-church.org/about-us/what-we-believe/ |website=[[Congregational Methodist Church]] |access-date=27 January 2024 |language=en |date=2023}}</ref> [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyan-Arminian theology]] teaches that those who die before reaching the age of accountability will go to [[heaven]].<ref name="Wills"/><ref name="CMC2023"/> Upon reaching the age of accountability, persons are thereafter responsible for [[Born again#Methodism|making a decision to follow Jesus]]. As Methodism affirms [[infant baptism]] as a [[covenant theology|sign and seal of the covenant of grace]], "Christian children are baptized into the covenant community and later given training through [[Confirmation]] to accept the covenant for themselves at an age of accountability."<ref name="Wills">{{cite web |last1=Wills |first1=Ben |title=Baptism: A Scriptural Explanation to Common Questions |url=http://www.marvinchurch.com/baptism.html |website=Marvin United Methodist Church |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What We Believe |url=https://cm-church.org/about-us/what-we-believe/ |website=[[Congregational Methodist Church]] |access-date=27 January 2024 |language=en |date=2023|quote=Since children are born into this world with natures inclined to sin, and yet the prevenient grace of God provides for their redemption during that time before the age of accountability, parents are encouraged to testify to their faith in God's provision by presenting their infant children, according to their conscience, for dedication or baptism. When any person, baptized as an infant, comes to personal faith in Christ he or she is encouraged to confirm that baptism by public testimony.}}</ref> ===Mormonism=== In [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints]], the age of accountability is considered to be eight.<ref>{{cite web |title=Primary 3 Manual: Lesson 27: The Age of Accountability |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/manual/primary-3/lesson-27-the-age-of-accountability?lang=eng |website=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints]] |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> ==Implications== ===Infant salvation=== The age of accountability thus has implications for the [[salvation of infants]]. Theologians like [[John MacArthur (American pastor)|John MacArthur]] argue that any child who dies before the age of accountability is saved.<ref name=MacArthur /> [[Stephen Wellum]] connects belief in an age of accountability with the rejection of [[Imputation of sin|inherited guilt]]:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wellum |first1=Stephen |author1-link=Stephen J. Wellum |title=Does the Bible Teach an Age of Accountability? |url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/does-the-bible-teach-an-age-of-accountability/ |website=[[The Gospel Coalition]] |access-date=2 November 2023 |date=1 October 2018}} Emphasis original.</ref> <blockquote> Most Christian traditions teach that children enter the world ''fallen'' due to Adam's sin, but some argue children are not ''guilty'' before God until they knowingly disobey God's commands. If the child dies before reaching that age, he or she receives salvation based on Christ's finished work. Once the child knowingly sins, however, they become accountable for their actions and have reached the age of accountability. At that point, salvation comes through conscious, active repentance and faith in Christ. </blockquote> ===Sacraments=== The age of accountability also has implications for [[believer's baptism]]. [[Baptists]] believe that people should only be baptized after the age of accountability. Similarly, traditions that practise [[infant baptism]] usually wait until a person has undergone [[confirmation]] before he or she can partake of the [[Eucharist]], and this is connected to the age of discretion. ==See also== * [[Person (Catholic canon law)]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Christian terminology]] [[Category:Christianity and children]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:About" title="Template:About">Template:About</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:About&action=edit" title="Template:About">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">Template:Cite book</a> (<a 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