CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133f7b97f403dad',cH: 'KNKpBelF1PwrvmeD_h2O3tOgJD5jKVgepc89NJnJOPM-1739776331-1.2.1.1-LpzRZW2TU6SZHIYBp88uuUr0kENgda480EJ6Nd2kaEbfZGlvjmNHGS2ofWrDMgAK',cUPMDTk: "\/10012879\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=ksntr5wHFAoasiwaqEpYHQVbUaMKi_2C5TZwvb6n_x4-1739776331-1.0.1.1-cBFjQivsNWTUhJAeEUe7yQJZO13mGvsNMOUzAaaPXcI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776331',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10012879\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=ksntr5wHFAoasiwaqEpYHQVbUaMKi_2C5TZwvb6n_x4-1739776331-1.0.1.1-cBFjQivsNWTUhJAeEUe7yQJZO13mGvsNMOUzAaaPXcI",md: "Yk6M73ToJ3IaliQ3UoSkoJnAlUsx2o0ayMkPWLN9ApM-1739776331-1.2.1.1-VR.ldHkENQbTueA7aAr3gTbFQarYx53Tv4euSLHwpjspNYUfKOYQbma6_n0DGSwiZlxquHiOHVopqcwvi.KuGTgQ.3kObO_VroyzI_Oq7drRc_WVgnG7SZS2T_e7PYyOGXAVxGjykV6eNyMXAg_sE95axokVf4..FSG9shcOuKrTELDnOoBpUGScl.cWYqgBGZh.POkh_paZ1UlpKNPZWfm8Rm1yEy5yXQPFfO1s3RTA_vc3ey_BYV2WdUHUbT4iTL8gGWaM7kGA2s1_CD14gUO_uLPWOy3CMO7P_3L7MB2MHp.LRZcYayAikHmY67wiUrWHzgn_DANfYmzS5rPwzp2S0pDen9ZgB1gShDR0vgDJYZjLW60dxi.KZfDy20QOjqMt7_inAntuU7pbDNRWyGANUESnIaJ10iAw4O1iWdnN9szUR7.tiMJOnGiuPLYqpHhB7JWD1bC764ibm6y8Z09vDt0RjjENz2XyhAUnqzCJ.f.eiBWxCRlfDPhzLdY4GmuDKkPo2WTJLPzrknAompj4dkVwi3lMu4.oKarl5X5NmbndxBYKeG1pDHFVB8WGC9PmQadYAW86NWkxFXYZPuTP0esQBhjLWupQ9ZlILbbiYp79KDtUmKWJX_AuO5IaLZXAkk8E1T8Eop6fjaoT3JECvsjyxZff6vKbsom.IXxGBHl.UFqiC7emqdOaXj23u1ah0egboIhck02H3fJjziDubbyzpm4eANw2pdUIWhxiOfrSzdQmCSv03uq0Mm4mM4G7Ax9h7xdg8tJ9MIHRH58TadICvz3gr4bloNphILWi7wVuKhXxMK0QVEW_kABqZFo1hbO7TWzMdd7JR6kwxEOeVRax7.nZugybL7oL8h0g0Bcmf029Yp2yoSaBskocng6v1ggYZTrF_tdrecN_yEPF9ZqH1x2xJtuBzqBCcWfzK89pmLUotiwcvhNJ1KXHLykXSPWV5KU_h3.FX8GBEAdkp53J9DgJ2M2ukkj2RF2NO_ylZ_F6XTiIa9LkdI6rEmlnoo2fDwafh6ZU00XaBsaa4rRfkThER4nEKDnnygygVRW1Lhvg.UMh02c_PyFYr3S.63PL2b2nmBXnBf7LziyLSlkiYlhSG8Ig9JkDtd0ddedZb8mr5hNf5WEGmWIX34Cl0LyPETzwZmPuuyL5tSLV7TKxVGT0iqX3bs4CFiE_nEaXoOhlyWo_SUh2clejz3ewdIO5G.fLRsAviQGnu4rJQ0SUimRNkDs4tV6DJIy1C.pQ7rcNnQpegzkjK7DcCNyJPWcTTv8QDZj4TuCyisSN3yVJgBUj4TCXbRaQxadc2ypksRCFw.zcwYWTe24z30rqvLL0Yb7RDbNKNsadqQbPJqU2tgIxUfFqgMtq0F90NTwfWuqtfxhvTJZEzH0Cwnf8TJBFT7EtkzIagAH2L7HMVA41zRYQeGanTYb0F2ler9uuVrLzbCYjBrinxQbQdPJMy8Evndk5rYPiUu1mIGHZnWIkLexw0fsAiVTRNLhStj4XvS4FtBhGUV9_nDgNHk92MSiujuqL39vLNLcySQdVa1rYG5kPx475JyKkzDaLioZ9nH9tGMNgdKjc6hB.SFwBgiTQEtuVVFNwRjJ4nwQsIJyoVch.3toSey1wpL6K72VpV_4uAGIyqYYwd2VlodCc4aRDigZzR7pCOuWPcF7PpiOXChVJQxNfZhNw6rjVzONg9Au7XmQJjw.Pnq6FXtiwD5teKvY3kxARQ34WK3x4Sy.5WE5kKVyd_XlzlaIX8nFKwMHqDKOWyKopNgzL11UGbexEwHg.MEj7M5ad.k4PrtbbSz4QzFE3WeaoCjbHayLwZ_2gilTf8XoWPS_I7vXMKpfLZAs3LyMYn8h7WafjQKfWiG8V0_T7U5dSWj8",mdrd: "FLmm1bp7uyxcmRYEGFc9O58wd1CTCEnVonXEbuhj_fk-1739776331-1.2.1.1-SWLkx39HTBEOAeuzDiy8bTkYvrl92jVtspUGNz6UBw21G0G0rQIPilhYXC0s3fqeXf.E8lUM0vkAeV0jYnVQLMr.hwZUdTapPjddlPvi5UQqnUevapQAtdDHRM3IDBSDIlT1EmLQbP8PmS1AbgB3650krkt2tfvgNTyZJZkfupC8LnBCdVhcmDfouL.L6xM_Sv0d82imQuPXtl0M4YJpl1bdPHVmfQC5gETzmCL4.snHlbQjOw..Paw0pZEmiv0M_Yi_S4TSL4oUulgpUgQRwDEhuMr1nSeHuTqK0WiC9NM7n45FvgzTeZ_zDYLA.osEJJT0Wq7QNSkvwDLbJsp8OoPSgQDjZg2sDTtKUt5Ii.V9.GPad7Z0aooIpzD7wE7rBluzGjfEDa8U2gnGu9HKIckvSNpEX2gSvQcsjjUicVrxe6MefefiO6xXh5ru3mBZQdipoStJ2Hes_AcomYPykC.QlJOpETEncvAbVRx4EaIvvylnc4hSREK8ZWiRSPHphIpNLDqrFoZiuQ22a7EmplQktaqSBLGEFGfpewIaFBpVYEteMulYaQLIQkwT.yA5oZ.jfl5OYnYDOzox.LMy7IJGXJMmRvwwAF1qQTD1LqmHVhlNkcQ1Xgv4nOUQZ_R60w0PY.XkZ66BQHEFyGRorIb.Y.SaoSekITkgkv7QuA9lwMJfi92IAgo9Xvo3FQavoY9yheuvMuUhrDEXjc8S..I_zyeaPjjCODxUL2FQWTYnFke5WdFV2Sm.VRpR1njcOf4Cf7DT3C3_85We4CZI_nGvMB13Zt766nZU7McyXEcoUKBppU5FpCrNZ6XjZq6fIMrmkkDqMSG22NpEsnHjxh.l_.inccvrjUgiygKYIyNcW6tC20rFzfW61vPQhLlzINSkxC7s8zd3XQJGWV6mkKKjdv51N2GSgw6B2hKU5Di5SyQpQYZo9bGfBPcdEBMfVrioArbih1l3d5uEloNegpzM1IsbqoI8rkcYQMAi92dHvzAct6Cudg2hszZaFk.ivHJTICElCIFt94Q.SojqlwoUBHkuvW6Cdc8IWqZ0RMgZE.gsNrHS0OCInXQQu8iTSnBT2tjt6_8ioq0dcn6pfXcqcziBYpDyLYpJiLBEEgq4UeMGeBc_Rle3FKsY.oUtS5md2u6RBaiFWk5QdKindXUyr0322M0CX5bZ9TWswlU.rKSkI6mdppqI71CU7dyoEWh7Grkwx2.3iBWaoJPVALoYpAKVm.cNBRrRpyq4rYAtXdMgnIIH2D93HOcTSp8zQrQaxBDjhWvY9DMebswqNrC5Vl61tPf.JiMCHzrPTYhE4MnlUggnsPLbH4.hbGY_E8cEMCSLA9Bpent.pNn7tjbGd8aesKKVa0_eUXzb7o4UVmPS25W66Mf2tg_NFYD6CsQG3sM8eUvmD0F8AH1yCC.lrukUZL.ZLLBneyigXJYIcYMGOOrRm2dUv5pxJ9J_J3rMxF1S4i.rSnNH3So1H2WUo6k_koPd3LMwdjGbBF7E8smXa7TLLhydArJrkvtXXHNuffeGznKrxhTaC4DGAuwte04owhdXg6N0Ip5nnySdRVxbojaO8xE0Jo8o4x.hnSKXGO8uWs5WvNM8uB4lrHqEBvsO5GFYMu2wV0JqR7CvYYzqRcFdeKT2O1Ee4MkpkxDpaFunux2Y3_AcQ7udGsIYvdIk4fhjZ_1O1LFHz8ZaNRtF98mrbAFcfBWL4HPJ.hfhaSFOs5TSaGf4oLgPrJD.gmmnJ07w3NTVpuZNW3NMmk1FO2QH1rW4yUp8ThNnw0cQq8ZaPVkzyMvzWWzLdkNILVWiKpZkq3khijuHAJBSp_uM36BgIQccqn1pgDpe1.E5CdDzDNLYndg6myY5_BKClrpWnazLRpXAxnspLtWMEsiTJLDAmL6g8MLeP_VbyND17_dxeO2JPkYhTcFDqi2hUZXwCO9jg6Xm3UC8cb5KIKVwCkJzVA3UdTZDm7n4"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133f7b97f403dad';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10012879\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ksntr5wHFAoasiwaqEpYHQVbUaMKi_2C5TZwvb6n_x4-1739776331-1.0.1.1-cBFjQivsNWTUhJAeEUe7yQJZO13mGvsNMOUzAaaPXcI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>