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<li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christchurch_Town_Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christchurch_Town_Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Christchurch Town Hall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christchurch_Town_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Bricks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Bricks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 The Bricks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Bricks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Limes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Limes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 The Limes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Limes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magistrates_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magistrates_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 Magistrates Court </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magistrates_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isaac_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isaac_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.5 Isaac House </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isaac_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Te_Pae_Convention_Centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Te_Pae_Convention_Centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.6 Te Pae Convention Centre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Te_Pae_Convention_Centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hay's_department_store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hay's_department_store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.7 Hay's department store </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hay's_department_store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armstrongs_Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armstrongs_Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.8 Armstrongs Building </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armstrongs_Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Spaces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Commons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Commons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 The Commons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Commons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Fountains </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ferrier_Fountain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferrier_Fountain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 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href="#Armagh_Street_Bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Armagh Street Bridge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armagh_Street_Bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombo_Street_Bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombo_Street_Bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 Colombo Street Bridge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombo_Street_Bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Installations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Installations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Installations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Installations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Te_Ahi_Kaa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Te_Ahi_Kaa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Te Ahi Kaa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Te_Ahi_Kaa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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5.5.5 Statue of Queen Victoria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statue_of_Queen_Victoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_watering_ramp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_watering_ramp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.6 Horse watering ramp </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_watering_ramp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floral_clock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floral_clock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.7 Floral clock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floral_clock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weeping_willows_boulder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weeping_willows_boulder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.8 Weeping willows boulder </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weeping_willows_boulder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whariki" 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&params=43_31_40_S_172_38_7_E_region:GB_type:landmark">43°31′40″S 172°38′7″E / 43.52778°S 172.63528°E / -43.52778; 172.63528</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Public place in Christchurch, New Zealand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #abdb75; line-height: 140%;">Victoria Square</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Square,_Christchurch,_Canterbury,_New_Zealand_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand_03.jpg/250px-Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand_03.jpg/375px-Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand_03.jpg/500px-Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5233" data-file-height="3138" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Victoria Square in 2020</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_d71eaa41509add860107f757fcdae1377d2af4d7"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch&revid=1259261318&groups=_d71eaa41509add860107f757fcdae1377d2af4d7" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch&revid=1259261318&groups=_d71eaa41509add860107f757fcdae1377d2af4d7 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="category"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Public square</td></tr><tr class="label"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Central_City" title="Christchurch Central City">Christchurch Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&params=43_31_40_S_172_38_7_E_region:GB_type:landmark">43°31′40″S 172°38′7″E / 43.52778°S 172.63528°E / -43.52778; 172.63528</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created</th><td class="infobox-data">1896</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operated by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Victoria Square is a public park located in central <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, New Zealand. Originally known by European settlers as Market Place or Market Square, it was renamed to Victoria Square in 1903 in honour of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>. It was one of the four squares included in the original plan of Christchurch when the city was laid out in 1850. Prior to European colonisation, a small <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> settlement was located here, on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Avon_River_/_%C5%8Ct%C4%81karo" title="Avon River / Ōtākaro">Avon River / Ōtākaro</a> (where the Christchurch Supreme Court was later built). The square was a centre of civic life in early Christchurch. It was the site of market days, fairs, and trade before its redevelopment in 1896–1897 into a park. It continued to be a venue for political and religious speeches until after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The square was also the usual place for both military and civilian parades, and a key location for most <a href="/wiki/Royal_visits_to_New_Zealand" title="Royal visits to New Zealand">royal visits</a> to the city. For most of its history Victoria Street ran diagonally through the square, carrying trams and cars northwards out of the Central City. The square underwent major changes during the last part of the 20th century, with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Town_Hall" title="Christchurch Town Hall">Christchurch Town Hall</a> on the northern side in the 1970s. Victoria Street was closed at Kilmore Street in the 1980s to enable the square to be transformed into a major <a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">urban green space</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">February 2011 earthquake</a>, Victoria Square was closed to the public as part of <a href="/wiki/Central_City_Red_Zone" title="Central City Red Zone">Central City Red Zone</a>. After initial repairs, it was re-opened in November 2012 and full restoration was completed in 2018. Today the square hosts a number of notable landmarks including the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook,_Christchurch" title="Statue of James Cook, Christchurch">Captain James Cook statue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Statue,_Christchurch" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Victoria Statue, Christchurch">Queen Victoria statue</a>, H. L. Bowker Fountain, and a <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> <a href="/wiki/Pouwhenua" title="Pouwhenua">pouwhenua</a>. It also features the country's oldest cast iron and stone bridge, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hay_Bridge" title="Hamish Hay Bridge">Hamish Hay Bridge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Te_Pae_Christchurch_Convention_Centre" title="Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre">Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre</a> faces into the square on its southern side. The square is part of the precinct of greenspaces through the central city on the banks of the Avon River / Ōtākaro. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Place,_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Market_Place%2C_1875.jpg/220px-Market_Place%2C_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Market_Place%2C_1875.jpg/330px-Market_Place%2C_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Market_Place%2C_1875.jpg/440px-Market_Place%2C_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>A map of Market Place from 1875</figcaption></figure> Christchurch was originally planned with a grid layout around a central square, along with three smaller public squares nearby. Victoria Square is one of these four original squares, the others being <a href="/wiki/Cranmer_Square" title="Cranmer Square">Cranmer Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Square,_Christchurch" title="Cathedral Square, Christchurch">Cathedral Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latimer_Square" title="Latimer Square">Latimer Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsley201139-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Street" title="Colombo Street">Colombo Street</a> forms the eastern boundary of Victoria Square and runs directly south to Cathedral Square, which is only one <a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">block</a> away. Armagh Street bounds the square on the southern side. The <a href="/wiki/Avon_River_(Canterbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avon River (Canterbury)">Avon River</a> bisects the square from south-west to north-east. In the early days, Oxford and Cambridge Terraces ran alongside the river, but those streets have now been pedestrianised and only continue through the square as footpaths. The square was initially bisected north-west to south-east by Whately Road (named after the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Dublin_(Church_of_Ireland)" title="Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland)">Archbishop of Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Whately" title="Richard Whately">Richard Whately</a>, who was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Association" title="Canterbury Association">Canterbury Association</a>).<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> It was later renamed to <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Street,_Christchurch" title="Victoria Street, Christchurch">Victoria Street</a>, and this formed a major route to the north towards <a href="/wiki/Papanui" title="Papanui">Papanui</a> and beyond.<a href="#cite_note-christchurchcitylibraries.com-3">[3]</a> Other boundary streets are Kilmore and Durham Streets on the northern and western boundaries, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Victoria Street was stopped from running through the square in 1988 when the Parkroyal Hotel (later the <a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza,_Christchurch" title="Crowne Plaza, Christchurch">Crowne Plaza</a>) was built.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsley201140–41-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-christchurchcitylibraries.com-3">[3]</a> Depending on context, Victoria Square can refer to either the entire area bounded by the four surrounding roads, or just the public park in that area. This would exclude the Town Hall in the north-east and the former Christchurch Law Court complex in the south-west. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market_Place_era">Market Place era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Market Place era">edit</a>]</div> The area where Victoria Square was established was originally swamp land on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Avon_River_/_%C5%8Ct%C4%81karo" title="Avon River / Ōtākaro">Avon River / Ōtākaro</a>. This area was part of an important mahinga kai (food-gathering place) and kāinga nohoanga (settlement area) for early Māori. The swampy ground made the area difficult for long-term settlement but extremely valuable as a food resource, with seasonal settlements established for collecting food.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201414-15-6">[6]</a> The area was settled by <a href="/wiki/Waitaha_(South_Island_iwi)" title="Waitaha (South Island iwi)">Waitaha</a> as early as 1300, with <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> later occupying the area.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The name most often used for this area is Puāri, though this name is probably fairly modern.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Indeed in 1850 Puāri was the name of a small Māori settlement on the bank of the Avon River (where the Christchurch Supreme Court was later built), which was likely to better facilitate trade with the European settlers at the nearby Market Place.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fooks_Map_1862_-_Victoria_Square.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fooks_Map_1862_-_Victoria_Square.png/220px-Fooks_Map_1862_-_Victoria_Square.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fooks_Map_1862_-_Victoria_Square.png/330px-Fooks_Map_1862_-_Victoria_Square.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fooks_Map_1862_-_Victoria_Square.png/440px-Fooks_Map_1862_-_Victoria_Square.png 2x" data-file-width="1406" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Market Place on the map of Christchurch in 1862 by C. E. Fooks.</figcaption></figure> Christchurch was surveyed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thomas_(surveyor)" title="Joseph Thomas (surveyor)">Joseph Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jollie" title="Edward Jollie">Edward Jollie</a> in March 1850, and on these earliest maps the area that became Victoria Square is marked as grassland.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> On Black Map 273 the area straddling the river can already be seen marked as "Market Place".<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The third wooden building in Christchurch — a general store owned by Charles Wellington Bishop — was built on the Colombo Street side of the square in early 1851.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201424-12">[12]</a> Market Place was also the location of an important <a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">gravel</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">quarry</a>, that provided much of the shingle used for metalling the major <a href="/wiki/Gravel_road" title="Gravel road">gravel roads</a> in early Christchurch, both north to <a href="/wiki/Papanui" title="Papanui">Papanui</a> and east to <a href="/wiki/Sumner,_New_Zealand" title="Sumner, New Zealand">Sumner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201431-13">[13]</a> A plaque on Armagh Street marks the location of this early quarry. Market Place was the de facto centre of early Christchurch, being the major centre of trade for both European settlers and Māori in the new city. By March 1852 Market Place was home to the city's first post office,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201433-14">[14]</a> three general stores, a hotel and stable, a butchery, a carpenter, a <a href="/wiki/Tinsmith" title="Tinsmith">tinsmith</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">gunsmith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201434-15">[15]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Gould_(pioneer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Gould (pioneer) (page does not exist)">George Gould</a>, the father of the prominent businessman and long-time director of <a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a> of the <a href="/wiki/George_Gould_(businessman)" title="George Gould (businessman)">same name</a>, had his general store on Colombo Street facing Market Square.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsley201140-16">[16]</a> The first simple bridge over the Avon River in the square was built in March 1852; it was variably known as Papanui Bridge and Market Place Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201434-15">[15]</a> During an 1852 visit to Christchurch of the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">George Grey</a>, it was agreed that the government would pay for a police station and <a href="/wiki/Prison_cell" title="Prison cell">lock-up</a>. In June of that year <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Luck" title="Isaac Luck">Isaac Luck</a> built the structure, measuring only 10 by 20 feet (3.0 m × 6.1 m), on the corner of Armagh Street and Cambridge Terrace.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burke_Manuscript-18">[18]</a> What was long talked about afterwards was that upon completion, Luck held a ball in it for his friends.<a href="#cite_note-Burke_Manuscript-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Square,_1864.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market Place in 1864 during the construction of the Papanui Bridge"><img alt="Panorama of Market Place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Victoria_Square%2C_1864.jpg/900px-Victoria_Square%2C_1864.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Victoria_Square%2C_1864.jpg/1350px-Victoria_Square%2C_1864.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Victoria_Square%2C_1864.jpg/1800px-Victoria_Square%2C_1864.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2231" data-file-height="561" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Square,_1864.jpg" title="File:Victoria Square, 1864.jpg"> </a></div>Market Place in 1864 during the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hay_Bridge" title="Hamish Hay Bridge">Papanui Bridge</a></div></div></div> In 1858 a new police and immigration barracks were constructed by George Cliff, close to the existing lock-up.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201449-21">[21]</a> A simple wooden bridge over the Avon River was constructed on Colombo Street in 1859, and the Market Hall was built by the provincial council on the north side of the square.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201453-22">[22]</a> By 1862 the original wooden bridge in the centre of the square was in need of replacement due to heavy use. The provincial council chose to build a permanent bridge of stone and cast-iron. The metal girders and railings were ordered from England, and arrived in July 1864.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201461-23">[23]</a> Three of the girders had cracked in transit and needed to be repaired by local blacksmith John Anderson, who bolted plates across the cracks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201461-23">[23]</a> These repairs are still visible on the exposed central part of the bridge today.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The bridge was officially named the Victoria Bridge and opened on 28 September 1864 by councillors <a href="/wiki/John_Ollivier" title="John Ollivier">John Ollivier</a> and Dr William Donald, who together smashed a bottle of wine against the decking to mark the occasion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201462-25">[25]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_storm_of_1868" title="Great storm of 1868">great storm of 1868</a> the square was completely flooded when the Avon River overtopped its banks. Water filled the square to the Armagh-Colombo corner and flooded many of the surrounding houses. Whately Road had to be rebuilt on both sides of Victoria Bridge due to damage to the road surface, and the banks of the river were largely eroded. Luckily damage to the surrounding buildings was mostly superficial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201477–79-26">[26]</a> In 1868, Pita Te Hori — the first upoko runanga (tribal leader) of Ngāi Tuahuriri, a <a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">hapū</a> of Ngāi Tahu — made a claim to the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Land_Court" title="Māori Land Court">Native Land Court</a> that the area of Victoria Square belonged to them, as the original <a href="/wiki/Kemp%27s_Deed" title="Kemp's Deed">Canterbury Purchase deed</a> had specified that mahinga kai locations should be kept by the <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a>. Though Puāri was a mahinga kai, it did not have any fixed structures or permanent cultivation, and so became excluded from iwi ownership by the narrow interpretation of the colonists. Ultimately the court ruled against the iwi, deciding that the land had already been <a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">alienated</a> from Māori and now belonged to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Supreme_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Christchurch Supreme Court building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Christchurch_Supreme_Court.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Supreme_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Christchurch_Supreme_Court.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Supreme_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Christchurch_Supreme_Court.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Supreme_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>The Christchurch Supreme Court building stood on the western side of the square from 1870. It was demolished in the 1980s.</figcaption></figure> Construction of the Christchurch Supreme Court began on the western-side of the square in January 1869, with the first cases heard there in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201488-29">[29]</a> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lean" title="Alexander Lean">Alexander Lean</a>, the stone building was made in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival style</a>, like many early buildings in early Christchurch.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> It was later followed by the <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_Court,_Christchurch" title="Magistrates' Court, Christchurch">Magistrates' Court</a> building in 1880, just to the south on Armagh Street. This smaller building was designed by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort" title="Benjamin Mountfort">Benjamin Mountfort</a>, and is a heritage-listed building.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> James Irving, a physician and surgeon whose property fronted onto Market Place, first proposed in 1894 that the area be renamed to Victoria Square as it was no longer used as a market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014149-32">[32]</a> During 1896 and 1897 the square was landscaped to make it more of an urban park.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Diamond_jubilee" title="Diamond jubilee">diamond jubilee</a> in 1897, a petition was made to the city council with 71 signatures to rename Market Place. Despite the strong support the proposal languished as the council believed the square could not be renamed without an act of parliament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014153-34">[34]</a> Patriotism was heightened during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, and with the 50th <a href="/wiki/Jubilee" title="Jubilee">jubilee</a> of Christchurch in 1900 it was decided a <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Christchurch" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Christchurch">statue of Queen Victoria</a> would be erected in Market Place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014157-35">[35]</a> The statue was ordered from England, but Queen Victoria died just twelve days later. This caused high demand for similar statues, which resulted in the statue being delayed until 1903. The Queen's grandson and Duke of Cornwall and York, Prince George (later King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>) placed the foundation stone at a ceremony during his visit to Christchurch in 1901. Market Place was renamed to Victoria Square on 25 May 1903 alongside the official unveiling of the statue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014163-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> During the early part of the 20th century Victoria Square continued to be a centre of civic life. The band rotunda was a popular venue for military parades, music performances, religious meetings and political speeches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014173-37">[37]</a> In 1905 the first electric trams began to run on the No. 1 Papanui line through Victoria Square, across the Victoria Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014169-38">[38]</a> During the first few years of the 1930s the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> made Victoria Square into the scene of violent clashes between Police, striking workers and the unemployed. The cities' unions – in particular the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Tramways_Union" title="New Zealand Tramways Union">New Zealand Tramways Union</a> and the Unemployed Association – egged on by radicals such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Fournier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney Fournier (page does not exist)">Sidney Fournier</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_New_Zealand" title="Communist Party of New Zealand">Communist Party of New Zealand</a>, attempted to block the trams from operating. When police broke up the protests in Cathedral Square, the angry crowds recongregated in Victoria Square.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014199–200-39">[39]</a> In 1931 the Bowker Fountain was installed, which was notable as the first electrically illuminated fountain in the Southern Hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014197-40">[40]</a> It was followed in 1932 by the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook,_Christchurch" title="Statue of James Cook, Christchurch">Statue of James Cook</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014200-41">[41]</a> After a crowd of 60,000 people attended a fundraising event for soldiers wounded in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1940, the trampled flowerbeds led the city council to decide that Victoria Square would be maintained as a city park and garden, and would no longer be a place for large public meetings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014210-42">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_new_Town_Hall,_from_the_banks_of_the_Avon_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Christchurch Town Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_new_Town_Hall%2C_from_the_banks_of_the_Avon_River.jpg/220px-The_new_Town_Hall%2C_from_the_banks_of_the_Avon_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_new_Town_Hall%2C_from_the_banks_of_the_Avon_River.jpg/330px-The_new_Town_Hall%2C_from_the_banks_of_the_Avon_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_new_Town_Hall%2C_from_the_banks_of_the_Avon_River.jpg/440px-The_new_Town_Hall%2C_from_the_banks_of_the_Avon_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>The Christchurch Town Hall was opened in 1972.</figcaption></figure> In 1955 the northern part of Victoria Square between Kilmore Street and the Avon River was one of the sites suggested for the construction of a town hall.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014218-43">[43]</a> Victoria Square had been the preferred location for a second town hall as far back as 1879, though the planned building never eventuated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014123-44">[44]</a> In 1962 a <a href="/wiki/Urban_planner" title="Urban planner">town planner</a>, Professor <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Stephenson" title="Gordon Stephenson">Gordon Stephenson</a>, was invited to visit Christchurch. He proposed closing Victoria Street at the corner of Kilmore and Durham Streets, and to build a civic office and town hall along the northern side of the square.<a href="#cite_note-Rice2011-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014221-46">[46]</a> The planned civic offices were for the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a> as it had outgrown its <a href="/wiki/Civic,_Christchurch" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic, Christchurch">existing premises</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Town_Hall" title="Christchurch Town Hall">Christchurch Town Hall</a> was designed by Sir <a href="/wiki/Miles_Warren" title="Miles Warren">Miles Warren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Mahoney" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice Mahoney">Maurice Mahoney</a> of <a href="/wiki/Warren_and_Mahoney" title="Warren and Mahoney">Warren and Mahoney Architects</a> as part of an architectural competition in 1966. It was built north of the Avon River along the Kilmore Street frontage and opened in 1972 by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Blundell" title="Denis Blundell">Denis Blundell</a>. The civic offices were not built; the city council instead purchased <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Offices,_Tuam_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civic Offices, Tuam Street (page does not exist)">Miller's Department Store</a> in Tuam Street and moved there in 1980; this proved to be much cheaper than building new premises.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsley201148-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Libraries_–_Civic_offices-48">[48]</a> Victoria Square was finally closed to road traffic in 1986 in preparation for the square's redevelopment. In the late 1960s the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Justice, New Zealand">Ministry of Justice</a> decided a new dedicated building was needed to house the Christchurch court. The administrative and library block began construction in 1975,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> and was positioned to somewhat intrude onto the riverbank lawns in Victoria Square.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Delays in the construction meant the building was not completed until the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014240-51">[51]</a> In 1981 the Supreme Court was completely demolished to make way for the new building, despite the protests of heritage groups. Construction of the new Christchurch Law Court building began in May 1986<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> and was completed in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014240-51">[51]</a> It was built by C. Lund and Company of Timaru for <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">NZ$</a>18,000,000, and was opened by the then <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Justice (New Zealand)">Minister of Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014240-51">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourist-tower-height-comparison.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tourist-tower-height-comparison.svg/220px-Tourist-tower-height-comparison.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tourist-tower-height-comparison.svg/330px-Tourist-tower-height-comparison.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tourist-tower-height-comparison.svg/440px-Tourist-tower-height-comparison.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="177" /></a><figcaption>The proposed Tourist Tower would have dwarfed other tall buildings in Christchurch.</figcaption></figure> In November 1986,<a href="#cite_note-mcrae-53">[53]</a> a consortium of local developers known as Tourist Towers Limited proposed a 167 metres (548 ft) tall tower topped by a viewing platform and revolving restaurant.<a href="#cite_note-Peeling-54">[54]</a> The structure would have been the South Island's tallest and was to be located within the footprint of Victoria St, in the south-east corner roughly where the Queen Victoria statue is today.<a href="#cite_note-Peeling-54">[54]</a> Local businessman Jamie Tulloch was the public face of the project and the architects for the scheme were once again Warren and Mahoney.<a href="#cite_note-StuffNZ-55">[55]</a> Controversial from the start and attracting strong opposition, in April 1988 a commissioners’ report recommended Christchurch City Council oppose the zoning changes required for the project to take place and the project was cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-Galloway-56">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Square_Christchurch_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Victoria_Square_Christchurch_2004.jpg/220px-Victoria_Square_Christchurch_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Victoria_Square_Christchurch_2004.jpg/330px-Victoria_Square_Christchurch_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Victoria_Square_Christchurch_2004.jpg/440px-Victoria_Square_Christchurch_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>View of Victoria Square from the <a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza,_Christchurch" title="Crowne Plaza, Christchurch">Crowne Plaza (formerly Parkroyal) Hotel</a> in 2004. The <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hay_Bridge" title="Hamish Hay Bridge">Hamish Hay Bridge</a> is in the centre of the image, with the Copthorne Hotel, PricewaterhouseCoopers, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Network_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Network House">Radio Network House</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Barr_Building" title="Forsyth Barr Building">Forsyth Barr Building</a> beyond.</figcaption></figure> When the civic office project was abandoned the north-west corner of the square was instead leased to a developer, who built a large hotel on the site in 1988. The <a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza,_Christchurch" title="Crowne Plaza, Christchurch">Parkroyal Hotel</a> was also designed by Warren and Mahoney, and it became one of the finer addresses in Christchurch for accommodation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsley201148-47">[47]</a> Majority-owned by Japanese real estate company <a href="/wiki/Daikyo" title="Daikyo">Daikyo</a>, the hotel was L-shaped, following the two road frontages. On the inside of the corner, a large atrium was formed facing Victoria Square; at the time, it was the largest atrium that had been built in the country.<a href="#cite_note-:0-57">[57]</a> The name changed to Crowne Plaza after a rebranding by the Bass Hotels and Resorts group in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The closure of the road and construction of the Park Royal hotel prompted an opportunity for a complete redesign of the square in 1988. The work was divided into two stages: stage I would remodel the area north of the river, with the area south of the river later remodeled as part of stage II. The statues of Queen Victoria and James Cook were moved, and large circular paved areas were built, including a large amphitheatre north-west of the Avon. The riverbanks were landscaped and new trees were also planted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014252–258-59">[59]</a> During the opening ceremony, outgoing <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Christchurch" title="Mayor of Christchurch">Mayor of Christchurch</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hay" title="Hamish Hay">Hamish Hay</a> described the redesigned square as "one of the most magnificent passive recreation areas in New Zealand".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014255-60">[60]</a> The Victoria Bridge was renamed to the Hamish Hay Bridge in his honour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014256-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-earthquake">Post-earthquake</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-earthquake">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steps_in_Victoria_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cracked brick steps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Steps_in_Victoria_Square.jpg/220px-Steps_in_Victoria_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Steps_in_Victoria_Square.jpg/330px-Steps_in_Victoria_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Steps_in_Victoria_Square.jpg/440px-Steps_in_Victoria_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Earthquake damage to the square included cracking and displacement of paved areas, seen here in the brickwork terraces around the Town Hall.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 Christchurch earthquake</a> caused some damage to the square, and it was cordoned off from public access as part of the <a href="/wiki/Central_City_Red_Zone" title="Central City Red Zone">Central City Red Zone</a>. Damage was mostly the result of the ground settling around the riverbanks, and <a href="/wiki/Soil_liquefaction" title="Soil liquefaction">soil liquefaction</a>. The statues of Queen Victoria and James Cook remained upright, with the Bowker Fountain tilted on an angle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014284-62">[62]</a> Footpaths and paved areas suffered extensive cracking and deformation, creating trip hazards.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The square began to be reopened to the public in 2012 in a partially restored state.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In August 2011, Central City Business Association chair Paul Lonsdale suggested that Victoria Street could be re-established through the square when the Crowne Plaza hotel was demolished.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The idea was criticised in part because the Hamish Hay Bridge would require expensive structural work to carry car traffic, and re-establishing the road would destroy a key green space in the central city.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The Crowne Plaza hotel was demolished in early 2012.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Later that year the now-empty site was used by the urban regeneration initiative <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gap_Filler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gap Filler (page does not exist)">Gap Filler</a> for their <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallet_Pavilion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pallet Pavilion (page does not exist)">Pallet Pavilion</a>, an outdoor venue built by volunteer labour from wooden pallets.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Originally envisaged to be there for just the summer of 2012/13, the venue proved so popular that <a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">crowdfunding</a> raised $80,000 for nighttime security, maintenance and a venue manager over the 2013 winter.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Square_redevelopment_plan_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Victoria_Square_redevelopment_plan_2014.jpg/220px-Victoria_Square_redevelopment_plan_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Victoria_Square_redevelopment_plan_2014.jpg/330px-Victoria_Square_redevelopment_plan_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Victoria_Square_redevelopment_plan_2014.jpg/440px-Victoria_Square_redevelopment_plan_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>The 2014 CCDU proposal for redevelopment of the square would have replaced the award-winning landscaping from the 1980s with a large grass area.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Central_Development_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch Central Development Unit">Christchurch Central Development Unit</a> released plans in 2014 for a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">NZ$</a>7,000,000 remodelling of the square as part of the Avon River precinct upgrade.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The plan included a large multi-use grass area, outdoor market spaces, and a riverbank amphitheatre. The change would require the statues and Bowker fountain to be moved, as well as the removal and replacement of some established trees. The planned changes were heavily criticised, in part due to the perceived lack of consultation, but also the costly and seemingly unnecessary changes to the design from the late 1980s, which was largely undamaged in the earthquake.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The government's announcement was not consultation, but was issued for information, and the resulting calls for a consultation exercise were initially denied.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> After significant public pressure the project was put on hold in February 2015, and a public consultation period started. In July 2015, draft plans were released for some restoration work that would see Victoria Square largely unchanged.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Part of the planned redevelopment included a Māori cultural centre — Te Puna Aruhea — to be built in Victoria Square on the former Crown Plaza site. The intention was for this to be a point of "welcome", including a place to conduct <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dwhiri" title="Pōwhiri">pōwhiri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Ngāi Tahu ultimately abandoned this proposal on the principle that a pōwhiri should be conducted at an established <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">marae</a>, and that there is no such marae in the central city. Ngāi Tahu historian and upoko (tribal leader) Te Maere Tau concluded that a pōwhiri in the central city is essentially meaningless under <a href="/wiki/Tikanga_M%C4%81ori" title="Tikanga Māori">tikanga Māori</a>, and that major pōwhiri should instead be conducted at the established Tuahiwi marae instead.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The cultural centre would have stood on the former Crowne Plaza site, but it was never built. A number of Ngāi Tahu cultural art installations were included as part of the restored square to re-assert <a href="/wiki/Mana_motuhake" title="Mana motuhake">mana motuhake</a> over the area. One such installation was a pair of upright waka carvings named Mana Motuhake, unveiled in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Beginning in 2017 the square was restored, with the restoration work completed in early 2018.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:894px;max-width:894px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><a href="/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">Time-lapse</a> of Victoria Square through the decades</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:VicSq-Aerial-1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Victoria Square Aerial Image 1950s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/VicSq-Aerial-1955.jpg/145px-VicSq-Aerial-1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/VicSq-Aerial-1955.jpg/218px-VicSq-Aerial-1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/VicSq-Aerial-1955.jpg/290px-VicSq-Aerial-1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2001" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The square in the 1950s, with Victoria Street running through the middle</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:VicSq-Aerial-1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Victoria Square Aerial Image 1970s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/VicSq-Aerial-1975.jpg/145px-VicSq-Aerial-1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/VicSq-Aerial-1975.jpg/218px-VicSq-Aerial-1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/VicSq-Aerial-1975.jpg/290px-VicSq-Aerial-1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2001" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The square in the 1970s, with the newly-built Town Hall in the north-east</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:VicSq-Aerial-1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Victoria Square Aerial Image 1980s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/VicSq-Aerial-1985.jpg/145px-VicSq-Aerial-1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/VicSq-Aerial-1985.jpg/218px-VicSq-Aerial-1985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/VicSq-Aerial-1985.jpg/290px-VicSq-Aerial-1985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2001" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The square in the 1980s before the major redevelopment</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:VicSq-Aerial-2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Victoria Square Aerial Image 2000s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/VicSq-Aerial-2005.jpg/145px-VicSq-Aerial-2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/VicSq-Aerial-2005.jpg/218px-VicSq-Aerial-2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/VicSq-Aerial-2005.jpg/290px-VicSq-Aerial-2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2001" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The square in the 2000s showing the layout after the redevelopment</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:VicSq-Aerial-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Victoria Square Aerial Image 2010s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VicSq-Aerial-2012.jpg/145px-VicSq-Aerial-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VicSq-Aerial-2012.jpg/218px-VicSq-Aerial-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VicSq-Aerial-2012.jpg/290px-VicSq-Aerial-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2001" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The square in 2012, after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:VicSq-Aerial-2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Victoria Square Aerial Image 2020s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/VicSq-Aerial-2024.jpg/145px-VicSq-Aerial-2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/VicSq-Aerial-2024.jpg/218px-VicSq-Aerial-2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/VicSq-Aerial-2024.jpg/290px-VicSq-Aerial-2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2001" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The square in the 2020s</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Lantern_Festival,_New_Zealand,_2009-02-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="lanterns in victoria square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Christchurch_Lantern_Festival%2C_New_Zealand%2C_2009-02-14.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Lantern_Festival%2C_New_Zealand%2C_2009-02-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Christchurch_Lantern_Festival%2C_New_Zealand%2C_2009-02-14.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Lantern_Festival%2C_New_Zealand%2C_2009-02-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Christchurch_Lantern_Festival%2C_New_Zealand%2C_2009-02-14.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Lantern_Festival%2C_New_Zealand%2C_2009-02-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The Christchurch Lantern Festival in 2009</figcaption></figure> For much of its history, Victoria Square was a common location for political and religious gatherings, markets, and festivals. After World War II it became more of an urban greenspace and usage for public events declined. Since the landscaping undertaken in the late 1980s, more major public events have returned to the square. Victoria Square has been the usual venue for the annual Christchurch <a href="/wiki/Carols_by_Candlelight" title="Carols by Candlelight">Carols by Candlelight</a> event on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The event was temporarily moved to Latimer Square when Victoria Square was cordoned off as part of the Central City Red Zone.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The event is organised by the Christchurch YMCA (now the Kind Foundation) in collaboration with local churches and the Christchurch <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army_brass_band" title="Salvation Army brass band">Salvation Army brass band</a>. Since 2006 the Christchurch <a href="/wiki/Lantern_Festival" title="Lantern Festival">Lantern Festival</a> has been held each February in Victoria Square. The event sees the Avon River including Victoria Square illuminated with Chinese <a href="/wiki/Paper_lantern" title="Paper lantern">paper lanterns</a>. Timed to coincide with the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a>, the festival celebrates Chinese culture and attracts thousands of visitors annually.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Victoria Square has been used as an outdoor "busking pitch" venue for the <a href="/wiki/World_Buskers_Festival" title="World Buskers Festival">World Buskers Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_tramway_system" title="Christchurch tramway system">Christchurch tramway system</a></div> From 1880 onwards, the northward track of the original Christchurch tram system ran through the square on Victoria Street, connecting Cathedral Square to Papanui. The trams were operated by the Canterbury Tramway Company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014116-86">[86]</a> While initially these were steam trams, they were upgraded to be electric in 1905.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014169-38">[38]</a> This section of track was also later used by the Fendalton-Opawa line. The trams stopped running through the square in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014264-87">[87]</a> Prior to the 1970s, three roads open to car traffic ran through the square: Victoria Street, Oxford Terrace and Cambridge Terrace. Cambridge Terrace was closed to make way for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Town_Hall" title="Christchurch Town Hall">Christchurch Town Hall</a> in the 1960s. The square was completely closed to car traffic as part of the changes made to the square in the 1980s. Today the paths in the square are open to both cyclists and pedestrians, with <a href="/wiki/Traffic#Passage_priority_(right_of_way)" title="Traffic">right of way</a> given to pedestrians.<a href="#cite_note-bikemap-88">[88]</a> These paths are part of the City Promenade that runs through the central city on the banks of the Avon.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The modern <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_tramway_system" title="Christchurch tramway system">Christchurch tramway system</a> runs along the south side of the square on Armagh Street. There is a tram stop close to the intersection with Colombo Street.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The nearest bus stop is to the north on Kilmore Street outside the Town Hall, however this is only serviced by north-bound buses on routes 1, 29 and 95.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> As a historic park in the city centre of Christchurch, Victoria Square is home to a number of notable places. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings">Buildings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Buildings">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christchurch_Town_Hall">Christchurch Town Hall</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Christchurch Town Hall">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Town_Hall" title="Christchurch Town Hall">Christchurch Town Hall</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Town_Hall_1808p80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Christchurch_Town_Hall_1808p80.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Town_Hall_1808p80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Christchurch_Town_Hall_1808p80.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Town_Hall_1808p80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Christchurch_Town_Hall_1808p80.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Town_Hall_1808p80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4809" data-file-height="2971" /></a><figcaption>The Ferrier Fountain illuminated at night, in front of the Christchurch Town Hall.</figcaption></figure> The Christchurch Town Hall was built on the northern side of the square between Kilmore Street and the <a href="/wiki/Avon_River_/_%C5%8Ct%C4%81karo" title="Avon River / Ōtākaro">Avon River / Ōtākaro</a>. Designed by architects <a href="/wiki/Warren_and_Mahoney" title="Warren and Mahoney">Warren and Mahoney</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">brutalist</a> style, it opened in 1972. Despite sustaining significant damage in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 Christchurch earthquake</a>, it was restored and reopened in 2019. It is listed as a category-I historic place by <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Bricks">The Bricks</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Bricks">edit</a>]</div> In 1903 two rows of British-style <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">terraced houses</a> were built on the northern side of the square, where the James Hay auditorium is today.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014163–164-93">[93]</a> The buildings looked out across the Avon River into the square, and featured an imposing row of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> brick arches stacked two storeys high.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014163–164-93">[93]</a> Confusingly they shared their name with the original landing site of brothers <a href="/wiki/William_Deans" title="William Deans">William</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Deans_(pioneer)" title="John Deans (pioneer)">John Deans</a> near the Barbadoes Street Bridge further down the Avon River.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014163–164-93">[93]</a> They were demolished to make way for the new town hall in the late 1960s. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Limes">The Limes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Limes">edit</a>]</div> Constructed in 1882, the home of Dr James Irving stood on Cambridge Terrace, at the location of what is now the Town Hall auditorium. Irving planted a row of lime trees in front of his house, and as the trees matured they became a local landmark, and gave the building its name. The building was a significant two-storey brick structure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014118–119-94">[94]</a> In 1904, after Irving's death, his widow sold the property and it was converted into a private hospital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014168-95">[95]</a> The Limes remained a leading private hospital in Christchurch, despite the building eventually no longer being fit for purpose.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014214-96">[96]</a> It changed hands several times, before finally closing in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014214-96">[96]</a> The building was purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Christchurch" title="Anglican Diocese of Christchurch">Anglican Diocese of Christchurch</a>. The diocese finally chose to sell it to the Christchurch City Council in 1963 as part of the site of the new town hall.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014214-96">[96]</a> The original building was demolished in the late 1960s. The banquet hall in the new town hall building was named The Limes Room in reference to the former hospital,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014231-97">[97]</a> and still bears this name today.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Magistrates_Court">Magistrates Court</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Magistrates Court">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_Court,_Christchurch" title="Magistrates' Court, Christchurch">Magistrates' Court, Christchurch</a></div> The former Magistrates' Court building sits on the western side of the square. Built in the gothic revival style in 1881, it is the oldest purpose-built court building in Christchurch, and was used as the Family Court until 2017.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The building is today used as a childcare centre. It is listed as a category-I historic place by Heritage New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isaac_House">Isaac House</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Isaac House">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_House,_Christchurch" title="Isaac House, Christchurch">Isaac House, Christchurch</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_House_Frontage_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Isaac_House_Frontage_2024.jpg/220px-Isaac_House_Frontage_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Isaac_House_Frontage_2024.jpg/330px-Isaac_House_Frontage_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Isaac_House_Frontage_2024.jpg/440px-Isaac_House_Frontage_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3930" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption>Isaac House in February 2024.</figcaption></figure> Isaac House is a listed heritage building on the corner of Colombo and Armagh streets at the south-east corner of the square. Designed in the inter-war <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> revival style, it was built in 1926 and spent much of its life as medical rooms, and later as a branch of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="National Bank of New Zealand">National Bank of New Zealand</a>. It was considered for demolition as part of the <a href="/wiki/Te_Pae_Christchurch_Convention_Centre" title="Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre">Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre</a>, but the building was ultimately saved and restored, with the Te Pae convention centre built around it. It is listed as a category-II historic place by Heritage New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit">[update]</a> the building is occupied by a pub known as The Victoria Free House. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Te_Pae_Convention_Centre">Te Pae Convention Centre</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Te Pae Convention Centre">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Te_Pae_Christchurch_Convention_Centre" title="Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre">Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre</a></div> Te Pae Convention Centre sits on Armagh Street opposite the south side of the square. The convention centre was built as a replacement for the previous <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Convention_Centre" title="Christchurch Convention Centre">Christchurch Convention Centre</a> opposite the Town Hall on Kilmore Street, which was demolished after the earthquake. The design is intended to be evocative of the <a href="/wiki/Braided_river" title="Braided river">braided rivers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Plains" title="Canterbury Plains">Canterbury Plains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hay's_department_store">Hay's department store</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hay's department store">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haywrights" title="Haywrights">Haywrights</a></div> Local businessman <a href="/wiki/James_Hay_(philanthropist)" title="James Hay (philanthropist)">James Hay</a> opened a department store on Gloucester Street in December 1929. The building continue to expand, adding frontages on Colombo Street in 1938 and finally on Armagh Street in 1942. The Armagh Street frontage was opposite Victoria Square, on the modern-day site of Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre. The department store was notable for devoting the rooftop to children's entertainment, including a <a href="/wiki/House_of_mirrors" title="House of mirrors">house of mirrors</a> and a playground.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armstrongs_Building">Armstrongs Building</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Armstrongs Building">edit</a>]</div> The Armstrongs Building was a department store that faced into the eastern-side of the square on Colombo Street. Opened in 1933,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014201-105">[105]</a> it was a replacement for the two older buildings that had previously occupied the site. The department store closed in 1968, and the building was sold to the Union Steam Ship Company and renamed to the Union Centre Building. For the later part of its life it was occupied by a law firm, banks and travel agencies. The building was damaged by a major fire in October 1993, but the damage was not structural and it was soon repaired. The fire was considered to be suspicious.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014263-106">[106]</a> In 1999 a bar called the Vic and Whale opened in the building, and became a popular part of the Christchurch nightlife.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014272-107">[107]</a> The building sustained significant damage during the 2011 Christchurch earthquake and was demolished. Previously it was listed as a category-II historic place by Heritage New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit">[update]</a> the land remains undeveloped, with owner Philip Carter saying in 2018 that, "we will sit and wait until that area has advanced a bit".<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In 2019 the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Christchurch" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Christchurch">Roman Catholic Diocese of Christchurch</a> announced plans to construct a new cathedral as a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament,_Christchurch" title="Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch">Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament</a> on the block between Colombo, Armagh and Manchester streets, in partnership with the Carter Group.<a href="#cite_note-Press-2023-catholicathedrallimbo-110">[110]</a> The plan was put on hold in 2023 pending a <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">canonical legal challenge</a>, and then abandoned in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The diocese announced they would sell off the land they own in the area, and as of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit">[update]</a> it remains undeveloped. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spaces">Spaces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Spaces">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Commons">The Commons</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The Commons">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Arcades_Project,_Victoria_Sq,_Christchurch,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Arcades_Project%2C_Victoria_Sq%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-The_Arcades_Project%2C_Victoria_Sq%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Arcades_Project%2C_Victoria_Sq%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-The_Arcades_Project%2C_Victoria_Sq%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Arcades_Project%2C_Victoria_Sq%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-The_Arcades_Project%2C_Victoria_Sq%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The Arcades is a series of arched pergolas on the former Crowne Plaza hotel site.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza,_Christchurch" title="Crowne Plaza, Christchurch">Crowne Plaza</a> (originally the Park Royal) was a hotel built in the north-western corner of the square in 1988. Construction of the hotel involved closing Victoria Street at the corner of Kilmore and Durham Street. Though this closure was met with opposition, it also prompted the complete redevelopment of the square that happened at the end of the 1980s. At the time of construction the L-shaped building had the largest atrium in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-:0-57">[57]</a> It suffered significant earthquake damage and was demolished in 2012. After the demolition the former building footprint was renamed The Commons and used by the Gap Filler charitable trust as the location of several community projects. These included the "Pallet Pavilion" — an outdoor venue made from over 3000 blue wooden shipping pallets<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> — and the "Retro Sports Facility" which provided a space for field sports such as football and cricket.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> It included a portable grandstand named the "Grandstandium" built on a flatbed trailer.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The area is also home to The Arcades, a series of tall wooden arched <a href="/wiki/Pergola" title="Pergola">pergolas</a> that run diagonally from the corner of Kilmore and Durham Streets into the square. These provide a path for foot traffic entering the square from the north-west. Intended as a temporary feature,<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The Arcades were designed by architect Andrew Just for Jessica Halliday and Ryan Reynolds of the Life in Vacant Spaces trust, and built in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-arcades-116">[116]</a> The arches are designed to invoke a "vaguely gothic" feel, and were modelled on the shape of the south entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Provincial_Council_Buildings" title="Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings">Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-arcades-116">[116]</a> In 2019 the world's largest public <a href="/wiki/H%C4%81ng%C4%AB" title="Hāngī">hāngī</a> pits were dug on the site between The Arcades and the Town Hall.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The pits were dug by representatives of Ngāi Tūāhuriri, a <a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">hapū</a> of Ngāi Tahu, as part of the Christchurch Arts Festival.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In 2024, Christchurch City Council confirmed that the Commons was being wound down as a public space, with the removal of public toilets. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit">[update]</a> a sign on the site says it will likely be built on "in the foreseeable future".<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fountains">Fountains</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Fountains">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ferrier_Fountain">Ferrier Fountain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ferrier Fountain">edit</a>]</div> The Ferrier Fountain was installed in 1972 alongside the Town Hall. The fountain was donated by Jack and Marjorie Ferrier and built by the British company Ustigate. It is a modernist sculpture reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Dandelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandelion">dandelion</a> seedheads, made up of two spheres and a hemisphere above a pool of water and surrounded by brickwork terraces. The fountain can be illuminated with coloured lights at night. In 2019 the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Christchurch" title="Mayor of Christchurch">Mayor of Christchurch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lianne_Dalziel" title="Lianne Dalziel">Lianne Dalziel</a>, called it "one of the most iconic images of Christchurch".<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The brickwork terraces were significantly damaged in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, but were later restored. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bowker_Fountain">Bowker Fountain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bowker Fountain">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowker_Fountain_877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bowker_Fountain_877.jpg/220px-Bowker_Fountain_877.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bowker_Fountain_877.jpg/330px-Bowker_Fountain_877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bowker_Fountain_877.jpg/440px-Bowker_Fountain_877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>The Bowker Fountain illuminated at night.</figcaption></figure> Local businessman Henry Layton Bowker had an office on Colombo Street overlooking the square, and <a href="/wiki/Will_and_testament" title="Will and testament">willed</a> a <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>1,000 portion of his estate to the city to build a fountain near the town hall. After his death in 1921, and with no concrete plans for a town hall to be built, his son suggested the fountain should instead be constructed in Victoria Square to replace the recently-removed band rotunda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014196-121">[121]</a> Designed by city architects A. R. Galbraith and Victor Hean, when the fountain opened in 1931 it was the first to be lit with electricity in the Southern Hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council201520-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014197-40">[40]</a> The central plinth of the fountain sits in the centre of a large pool of shallow water. Despite being damaged in the Christchurch earthquake, it was restored and reopened with the rest of the square in 2019. Within hours of reopening a vandal poured washing powder into the fountain, causing it to foam up.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridges">Bridges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bridges">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hamish_Hay_Bridge">Hamish Hay Bridge</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Hamish Hay Bridge">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hay_Bridge" title="Hamish Hay Bridge">Hamish Hay Bridge</a></div> The Hamish Hay Bridge is a historic bridge in the centre of the square, crossing the Avon River. The first bridge at that crossing point was constructed in 1852, with the present-day bridge constructed in 1864. The early bridge was variably named the Papanui Bridge or the Market Place Bridge. When the current bridge was constructed in 1864, it was named Victoria Bridge. It was later widened, and between 1905 and 1954 carried the trams that ran from the central city northwards to Papanui. It is the oldest cast-iron and stone bridge in New Zealand, with the central portion of the deck removed to expose the original metalwork. In 1989 it was renamed in honour of the outgoing mayor, <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hay" title="Hamish Hay">Hamish Hay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> It is listed as a category-II historic place by Heritage New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armagh_Street_Bridge">Armagh Street Bridge</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Armagh Street Bridge">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armagh_Street_Bridge" title="Armagh Street Bridge">Armagh Street Bridge</a></div> Opened in 1883,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> the Armagh Street Bridge crosses the Avon River in the south-west corner of the square. It sits between the Magistrates’ Court building, the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Provincial_Council_Buildings" title="Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings">Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings</a> and the Te Pae Convention Centre precinct. It is listed as a category-II historic place by Heritage New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colombo_Street_Bridge">Colombo Street Bridge</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Colombo Street Bridge">edit</a>]</div> The Colombo Street Bridge crosses the Avon River at the north-eastern corner of the square. It was built in 1902 as a replacement for the previous wooden bridge, and was further widened in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Installations">Installations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Installations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Te_Ahi_Kaa">Te Ahi Kaa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Te Ahi Kaa">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Te_Ahi_Kaa_Pouwhenua,_Victoria_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Te_Ahi_Kaa_Pouwhenua%2C_Victoria_Square.jpg/220px-Te_Ahi_Kaa_Pouwhenua%2C_Victoria_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Te_Ahi_Kaa_Pouwhenua%2C_Victoria_Square.jpg/330px-Te_Ahi_Kaa_Pouwhenua%2C_Victoria_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Te_Ahi_Kaa_Pouwhenua%2C_Victoria_Square.jpg/440px-Te_Ahi_Kaa_Pouwhenua%2C_Victoria_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="3381" /></a><figcaption>The pouwhenua Te Ahi Kaa stands in front of the Town Hall, on the south bank of the Avon River.</figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/Pouwhenua" title="Pouwhenua">pouwhenua</a> was erected on the south bank of the Avon River in 1994, opposite the Town Hall.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Created to commemorate the signing of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Te Tiriti o Waitangi</a> by Ngāi Tahu, the pou stands 6 metres (20 ft) tall and was carved from <a href="/wiki/Podocarpus_totara" title="Podocarpus totara">tōtara</a> by <a href="/wiki/Riki_Manuel" title="Riki Manuel">Riki Manuel</a>. The carvings represent the themes of mahinga kai (a place to gather food) and tipuna (ancestry). It suffered two arson attacks in 1995. A bronze plaque reads "He poupou tohu <a href="/wiki/Ahi_k%C4%81" title="Ahi kā">ahi-ka</a> o Ngāi Tahu" (A mark of the long burning fires of Ngāi Tahu). A tauranga (a berthing place for <a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a>), a significant cabbage tree (<a href="/wiki/Cordyline_australis" title="Cordyline australis">cordyline australis</a>), and a concrete table depicting <a href="/wiki/Pouched_lamprey" title="Pouched lamprey">kanakana</a> are situated behind the pouwhenua.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statue_of_James_Cook">Statue of James Cook</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Statue of James Cook">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook,_Christchurch" title="Statue of James Cook, Christchurch">Statue of James Cook, Christchurch</a></div> A <a href="/wiki/Marble_sculpture" title="Marble sculpture">marble sculpture</a> of the British explorer <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> was unveiled in 1932 to commemorate his three journeys to New Zealand. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Trethewey" title="William Trethewey">William Trethewey</a>. It is listed as a category-II historic place by Heritage New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mana_Motuhake">Mana Motuhake</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Mana Motuhake">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mana_Motuhake,_Christchurch,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mana_Motuhake%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Mana_Motuhake%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mana_Motuhake%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Mana_Motuhake%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mana_Motuhake%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Mana_Motuhake%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3163" data-file-height="5156" /></a><figcaption>One of the pair of waka sculptures that make up the Mana Motuhake installation.</figcaption></figure> Mana Motuhake is a pair of upright <a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a> sculptures close to the statue of Queen Victoria. Carved by Ngāi Tahu carver <a href="/wiki/Fayne_Robinson" title="Fayne Robinson">Fayne Robinson</a> and unveiled in 2019 they pay tribute to the signatories of the Treaty of Waitangi and the shared cultural history of the area. They took around 2500 hours to carve, with the carved forms depicting the <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">moko</a> of the Ngāi Tahu signatories.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Red_Telephone_Box">Red Telephone Box</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Red Telephone Box">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Telephone_Box_in_Victoria_Square,_Christchurch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Red_Telephone_Box_in_Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch.jpg/220px-Red_Telephone_Box_in_Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Red_Telephone_Box_in_Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch.jpg/330px-Red_Telephone_Box_in_Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Red_Telephone_Box_in_Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch.jpg/440px-Red_Telephone_Box_in_Victoria_Square%2C_Christchurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="3381" /></a><figcaption>The red telephone box on Colombo Street was a battleground in the "Telephone Box War" during the late 1980s.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Red_telephone_box" title="Red telephone box">red telephone box</a> stands on the eastern side of the square, opposite to where the Armstrongs Building once stood. The box is a red K2 design<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council201515–18-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[a]</a> imported from the United Kingdom in the 1920s, and it is the last remaining such telephone box in Christchurch. It was installed some time before 1932.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council201515–18-133">[133]</a> In 1988 <a href="/wiki/Spark_New_Zealand" title="Spark New Zealand">Telecom</a> took over management of the phone network from the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Post_Office" title="New Zealand Post Office">New Zealand Post Office</a>. They made the decision to repaint all existing telephone boxes in a pale blue to align with their new branding. Their ultimate goal was to replace all phone boxes with a more modern steel and glass design. <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_New_Zealand" title="The Wizard of New Zealand">The Wizard of New Zealand</a> took exception to these plans and began "The Telephone Box War" — he and his supporters, including <a href="/wiki/Alf%27s_Imperial_Army" title="Alf's Imperial Army">Alf's Imperial Army</a>, began a guerilla campaign to repaint the boxes back to red.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014261-135">[134]</a> The box in Victoria Square was the second to be repainted to red in the "war". Ultimately Telecom reversed their decision after a survey showed majority support for keeping the boxes red, and the city council provided The Wizard with free red paint to restore the phone boxes that had been altered.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014262-137">[136]</a> In 1990 the telephone box was removed from Victoria Square for maintenance, and The Wizard — suspicious that it was going to be replaced with a modern box — insisted that it be returned unaltered. The box was flooded by <a href="/wiki/Liquefaction" title="Liquefaction">liquefaction</a> during the 2011 Christchurch earthquake,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014285-138">[137]</a> but remained in place during the restoration of the square. It is still a working public phone box,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council201515–18-133">[133]</a> with service provided by Spark. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statue_of_Queen_Victoria">Statue of Queen Victoria</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Statue of Queen Victoria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Christchurch" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Christchurch">Statue of Queen Victoria, Christchurch</a></div> The bronze statue of Queen Victoria was erected in 1903 to commemorate the Queen's life and also the 50th anniversary of the European settlement of Canterbury. When it was unveiled, the square was renamed from Market Place to Victoria Square in honour of Queen Victoria. Today the statue stands in the south-east corner of the square, facing the Armagh-Colombo intersection. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Francis_John_Williamson" title="Francis John Williamson">Francis John Williamson</a> and is listed as a category-II historic place by Heritage New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> Behind the statue of Victoria, the low stone walls feature sandblasted artwork. This installation — named Parerau — was created by artist Jennifer Rendall and depicts the plants, leaves and seeds of Canterbury.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Horse_watering_ramp">Horse watering ramp</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Horse watering ramp">edit</a>]</div> A ramp into the Avon River for watering horses was constructed close to the <a href="/wiki/Armagh_Street_Bridge" title="Armagh Street Bridge">Armagh Street Bridge</a> in December 1874.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201493-141">[140]</a> It is unclear when exactly this was paved with cobblestones, but probably sometime between 1874 and the 1880s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council20156–9-142">[141]</a> This was a replacement<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> for an older watering place closer to the Hamish Hay Bridge (then the Victoria Bridge). The original watering place was closed by the city council earlier in 1874.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council20156–9-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Floral_clock">Floral clock</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Floral clock">edit</a>]</div> A <a href="/wiki/Floral_clock" title="Floral clock">floral clock</a> sits in the north-western corner of the square, between the Town Hall and the former Christchurch Law Court Buildings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council201528–31-147">[146]</a> It was donated in 1955 by the Calder Mackay department store<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council201528–31-147">[146]</a> and unveiled by Christchurch Beautifying Association secretary-treasurer Barbara MacMaster.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014216-148">[147]</a> The clock was moved a short distance as part of the redevelopment in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2014252-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristchurch_City_Council201528–31-147">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weeping_willows_boulder">Weeping willows boulder</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Weeping willows boulder">edit</a>]</div> A large boulder with an embedded bronze plaque commemorates the early French settler François Le Lievre of <a href="/wiki/Akaroa" title="Akaroa">Akaroa</a>. The plaque explains that the weeping willows that stand along the banks of the Avon are from cuttings brought to New Zealand by Le Lievre.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Whariki">Whariki</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Whariki">edit</a>]</div> Three paved <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> in the style of whāriki (woven mats) are located near the three bridges in the square. They are part of a series of thirteen such installations along the Otākaro in central Christchurch, representative of Ngāi Tahu customary use and <a href="/wiki/Kaitiakitanga" title="Kaitiakitanga">kaitiakitanga</a> of the river.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_attractions">Historic attractions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Historic attractions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ice_Cream_Charlie">Ice Cream Charlie</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Ice Cream Charlie">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_Cream_Charlie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ice_Cream_Charlie.jpg/220px-Ice_Cream_Charlie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ice_Cream_Charlie.jpg/330px-Ice_Cream_Charlie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ice_Cream_Charlie.jpg/440px-Ice_Cream_Charlie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2279" /></a><figcaption>The Ice Cream Charlie truck is permanently parked on Armagh Street opposite Te Pae.</figcaption></figure> Ice Cream Charlie is an ice-cream vendor that operates from a semi-permanent cart opposite the <a href="/wiki/Te_Pae_Christchurch_Convention_Centre" title="Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre">Te Pae Christchurch Convention Centre</a> on Armagh Street, at the south-side of the square. The cart was first opened by a Muslim immigrant, Sali Mahomet, in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-icecreamhistory-152">[151]</a> The cart specialises in "Vanilla Ice"; a dessert designed by Mahomet of handmade vanilla ice-cream flavoured with a syrup. Mohamet's original wooden carts are preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Ferrymead_Heritage_Park" title="Ferrymead Heritage Park">Ferrymead Heritage Park</a>, and the business has been owned by only three families since. The cart re-opened in 2014 after the Christchurch earthquakes.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> In 2020 the present cart — nicknamed "Peggy" — was unveiled to replace the previous pink cart ("Edith") that had been a fixture of the square for over 70 years.<a href="#cite_note-icecreamhistory-152">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> In the American television show <a href="/wiki/Parks_and_Recreation" title="Parks and Recreation">Parks and Recreation</a>, some detailed maps of the fictional town of <a href="/wiki/Pawnee_(Parks_and_Recreation)" title="Pawnee (Parks and Recreation)">Pawnee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> are based on maps of Christchurch. In the fictional town Victoria Street is renamed to Victory Street, and Victoria Square is renamed to "River Park".<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranmer_Square" title="Cranmer Square">Cranmer Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latimer_Square" title="Latimer Square">Latimer Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_places_in_Christchurch" title="List of historic places in Christchurch">List of historic places in Christchurch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRice2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rice" title="Geoffrey Rice">Rice, Geoffrey</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rice-victoria">Victoria Square: Cradle of Christchurch</a>. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1927145586" title="Special:BookSources/978-1927145586"><bdi>978-1927145586</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victoria+Square%3A+Cradle+of+Christchurch&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Canterbury+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1927145586&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frice-victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsley2011" class="citation book cs1">Ansley, Bruce (2011). Christchurch Heritage: A celebration of lost buildings & streetscapes. Auckland, New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86979-863-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86979-863-5"><bdi>978-1-86979-863-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Heritage%3A+A+celebration+of+lost+buildings+%26+streetscapes&rft.place=Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-86979-863-5&rft.aulast=Ansley&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristchurch_City_Council2015" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a> (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://districtplan.ccc.govt.nz/Images/DistrictPlanImages/Statement%20of%20Significance/Central%20City/HID%20528.pdf">"Statement of Significance - Victoria Square"</a> (PDF), Christchurch District Plan, Appendix 9.3.7.2: Schedule of Significant Historic Heritage (report), HID 528, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204090721/https://districtplan.ccc.govt.nz/Images/DistrictPlanImages/Statement%20of%20Significance/Central%20City/HID%20528.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2023, retrieved 16 April 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christchurch+District+Plan%2C+Appendix+9.3.7.2%3A+Schedule+of+Significant+Historic+Heritage&rft.atitle=Statement+of+Significance+-+Victoria+Square&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Christchurch+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdistrictplan.ccc.govt.nz%2FImages%2FDistrictPlanImages%2FStatement%2520of%2520Significance%2FCentral%2520City%2FHID%2520528.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Some sources describe the telephone box as a K7 design. However, the K7 was only ever an experimental prototype, and as the telephone box was imported in the 1920s it is likely to be of the K2 variety that was most common at the time. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsley201139-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnsley201139_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnsley2011">Ansley 2011</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Margaret. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/PlaceNames/ChristchurchStreetNames-T-V.pdf">"Christchurch Street Names T to V"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>. p. 88. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Street+Names+T+to+V&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2FHeritage%2FPlaceNames%2FChristchurchStreetNames-T-V.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-christchurchcitylibraries.com-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-christchurchcitylibraries.com_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-christchurchcitylibraries.com_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/Places/Public/VictoriaSq/">"Victoria Square"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>. Retrieved 8 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victoria+Square&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2FHeritage%2FPlaces%2FPublic%2FVictoriaSq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/Maps/539913.asp">"Plan of the city of Christchurch, Canterbury, N.Z."</a> <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>. Retrieved 12 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plan+of+the+city+of+Christchurch%2C+Canterbury%2C+N.Z.&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christchurchcitylibraries.com%2FHeritage%2FMaps%2F539913.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsley201140–41-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnsley201140–41_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnsley2011">Ansley 2011</a>, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice201414-15-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice201414-15_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRice2014">Rice 2014</a>, p. 14-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kahurumanu.co.nz/atlas">"Pūari"</a>, Cultural Mapping Project, Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231130162628/https://kahurumanu.co.nz/atlas">archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2023, retrieved 22 March 2024, <q>Puāri is a kāinga nohoanga (settlement) and kāinga mahinga kai (food-gathering place) on the banks of Ōtākaro (the Avon River) in Christchurch. While the name Puāri dates from as recently as the 19th century, the area is believed to have first been inhabited more than 700 years ago during the Waitaha period of Māori occupation. Puāri refers to a large area within the extensive wetlands that later became the central city, and is centred on the riverbanks encompassing the sites around what is now Durham St, which became occupied by the Provincial Chambers, Law Courts, the Christchurch Town Hall, and Victoria Square.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Mapping+Project&rft.atitle=P%C5%ABari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkahurumanu.co.nz%2Fatlas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTau2016" class="citation cs2">Tau, Te Maire (2016), "The Values and History of the Ōtākaro and North and East Frames", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606035654/https://matapopore.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/GrandNarratives_InternalPages-Copy-small.pdf">Grand Narratives</a> (PDF), <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Earthquake_Recovery_Authority" title="Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority">Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority</a>, pp. 51–58, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780908343171" title="Special:BookSources/9780908343171"><bdi>9780908343171</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matapopore.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/GrandNarratives_InternalPages-Copy-small.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 June 2023, retrieved 23 March 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Values+and+History+of+the+%C5%8Ct%C4%81karo+and+North+and+East+Frames&rft.btitle=Grand+Narratives&rft.pages=51-58&rft.pub=Canterbury+Earthquake+Recovery+Authority&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780908343171&rft.aulast=Tau&rft.aufirst=Te+Maire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmatapopore.co.nz%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F10%2FGrandNarratives_InternalPages-Copy-small.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1952" class="citation cs2">Taylor, William Anderson (1952), "Otautahi – Christchurch and Its District", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html">Lore and History of the South Island Maori</a>, Christchurch, New Zealand: Bascands Limited, p. 47, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230809052204/https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html">archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2023, retrieved 22 March 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otautahi+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+and+Its+District&rft.btitle=Lore+and+History+of+the+South+Island+Maori&rft.place=Christchurch%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Bascands+Limited&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=William+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Square%2C+Christchurch" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiblyTibble1998" class="citation cs2">Sibly, Ken; 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href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Victoria_Square,_Christchurch" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Victoria Square, Christchurch">Victoria Square, Christchurch</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceiugxGWJHw">Crowne Plaza Hotel demolition Christchurch</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Queen_Victoria" title="Template:Queen Victoria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Queen_Victoria" title="Template talk:Queen Victoria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Queen_Victoria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Queen Victoria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Queen_Victoria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of the United Kingdom">Queen of the United Kingdom</a> (1837–1901), <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress of India">Empress of India</a> (1876–1901)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Coronation of Queen Victoria">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1838_Coronation_Honours" title="1838 Coronation Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackpen_White_Horse" title="Hackpen White Horse">Hackpen White Horse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert" title="Wedding of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert">Wedding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Wedding dress of Queen Victoria">Wedding dress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Golden Jubilee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1887_Golden_Jubilee_Honours" title="1887 Golden Jubilee Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Golden_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Victoria Golden Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Police_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Victoria Police Jubilee Medal">Police Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Clock_Tower,_Weymouth" title="Jubilee Clock Tower, Weymouth">Clock Tower, Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_Tower,_Brighton" title="Clock Tower, Brighton">Clock Tower, Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_bust_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Jubilee bust of Queen Victoria">Bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Jubilee_International_Exhibition" title="Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition">Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Diamond Jubilee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1897_Diamond_Jubilee_Honours" title="1897 Diamond Jubilee Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Victoria Diamond Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Diamond" title="Jubilee Diamond">Jubilee Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Tower" title="Jubilee Tower">Jubilee Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherries_jubilee" title="Cherries jubilee">Cherries jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessional_(poem)" title="Recessional (poem)">Recessional (poem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunningham_Clock_Tower" title="Cunningham Clock Tower">Cunningham Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devonshire_House_Ball_of_1897" title="Devonshire House Ball of 1897">Devonshire House Ball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedchamber_crisis" title="Bedchamber crisis">Bedchamber crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Queen_Victoria" title="List of prime ministers of Queen Victoria">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Oxford" title="Edward Oxford">Edward Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_boy_Jones" title="The boy Jones">The boy Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Empress of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Bean" title="John William Bean">John William Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_morality" title="Victorian morality">Victorian morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_visits_to_Manchester_and_Salford_during_the_reign_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Royal visits to Manchester and Salford during the reign of Queen Victoria">Visits to Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_visits_made_by_Queen_Victoria" title="List of foreign visits made by Queen Victoria">Foreign visits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria">Death and state funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mausoleum,_Frogmore" title="Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore">Mausoleum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Princess_Royal" title="Victoria, Princess Royal">Victoria, German Empress</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Princess Alice of the United Kingdom">Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Princess Helena of the United Kingdom">Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise,_Duchess_of_Argyll" title="Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll">Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Albany" title="Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany">Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom">Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn">Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Feodora_of_Leiningen" title="Princess Feodora of Leiningen">Feodora, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg</a> (half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl,_Prince_of_Leiningen_(1804%E2%80%931856)" title="Karl, Prince of Leiningen (1804–1856)">Carl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descendants_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Descendants of Queen Victoria">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_descendants_of_Queen_Victoria_and_of_King_Christian_IX" title="Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Christian IX">Royal descendants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_System" title="Kensington System">Kensington System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conroy" title="John Conroy">John Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoire_Conroy" title="Victoire Conroy">Victoire Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Lehzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Lehzen">Louise Lehzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Flora_Hastings" title="Lady Flora Hastings">Lady Flora Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Percy,_Duchess_of_Northumberland" title="Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland">Charlotte Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Davys" title="George Davys">George Davys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Legitimacy of Queen Victoria">Legitimacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_Queen_Victoria" title="List of places named after Queen Victoria">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Day" title="Commonwealth Day">Empire Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Victoria_and_Albert" title="Royal Order of Victoria and Albert">Royal Family Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day" title="Victoria Day">Victoria Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day_(Scotland)" title="Victoria Day (Scotland)">Victoria Day (Scotland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(plant)" title="Victoria (plant)">Victoria (plant)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixty_Years_a_Queen" title="Sixty Years a Queen">Sixty Years a Queen (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_in_Dover_(1936_film)" title="Victoria in Dover (1936 film)">Victoria in Dover (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_the_Great" title="Victoria the Great">Victoria the Great (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixty_Glorious_Years" title="Sixty Glorious Years">Sixty Glorious Years (1938)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_in_Dover_(1954_film)" title="Victoria in Dover (1954 film)">Victoria in Dover (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Brown" title="Mrs Brown">Mrs Brown (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Victoria" title="The Young Victoria">The Young Victoria (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_%26_Abdul" title="Victoria & Abdul">Victoria & Abdul (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Prince_(film)" title="The Black Prince (film)">The Black Prince (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolittle_(film)" title="Dolittle (film)">Dolittle (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Happy_and_Glorious_(TV_series)" title="Happy and Glorious (TV series)">Happy and Glorious (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Regina_(film)" title="Victoria Regina (film)">Victoria Regina (1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Victoria_(1963_film)" title="The Young Victoria (1963 film)">The Young Victoria (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_(TV_serial)" title="Victoria & Albert (TV serial)">Victoria & Albert (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looking_for_Victoria" title="Looking for Victoria">Looking for Victoria (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Upstairs_Downstairs" title="Royal Upstairs Downstairs">Royal Upstairs Downstairs (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(British_TV_series)" title="Victoria (British TV series)">Victoria (2016–2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Merrie_England" title="Victoria and Merrie England">Victoria and Merrie England (1897)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Regina_(play)" title="Victoria Regina (play)">Victoria Regina (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_and_Albert" title="I and Albert">I and Albert (1972)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Statues and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Queen_Victoria" title="List of statues of Queen Victoria">List of statues</a></li> <li>London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_London" title="Victoria Memorial, London">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Kensington_Palace" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Kensington Palace">Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Square,_London" title="Victoria Square, London">Square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Queen_Victoria,_Leeds" title="Memorial to Queen Victoria, Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_St_Helens" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, St Helens">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Memorial,_Lancaster" title="Queen Victoria Memorial, Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Bristol" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Weymouth" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Weymouth">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Chester" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Reading" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Monument,_Liverpool" title="Victoria Monument, Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Square,_Birmingham" title="Victoria Square, Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Monument,_Birkenhead" title="Queen Victoria Monument, Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arch,_Dundee" title="Royal Arch, Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_cairns" title="Balmoral cairns">Balmoral cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Tower,_Guernsey" title="Victoria Tower, Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Clock_Tower,_Isle_of_Man" title="Victoria Clock Tower, Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li>Valletta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Valletta" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Valletta">Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Gate_(Valletta)" title="Victoria Gate (Valletta)">Gate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria_(Winnipeg)" title="Statue of Queen Victoria (Winnipeg)">Winnipeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial_(Montreal)" title="Victoria Memorial (Montreal)">Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Square,_Montreal" title="Victoria Square, Montreal">Square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria_(Victoria,_British_Columbia)" title="Statue of Queen Victoria (Victoria, British Columbia)">Victoria, British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria_(Toronto)" title="Statue of Queen Victoria (Toronto)">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Regina" title="Victoria Park, Regina">Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Bangalore" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Hong_Kong" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Garden,_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Garden, Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_Kolkata" title="Victoria Memorial, Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Pavilion" title="Queen Victoria Pavilion">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Memorial,_Penang" title="Queen Victoria Memorial, Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Sydney" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Sydney">Sydney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Building" title="Queen Victoria Building">Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Square,_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Square, Sydney">Square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Square,_Adelaide" title="Victoria Square, Adelaide">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Gardens,_Brisbane" title="Queens Gardens, Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Gardens" title="Queen Victoria Gardens">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christchurch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Queen_Victoria" title="The Coronation of Queen Victoria">The Coronation of Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Queen_Victoria" title="The Marriage of Queen Victoria">The Marriage of Queen Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Widow_at_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="The Widow at Windsor">"The Widow at Windsor" (1892)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessional_(poem)" title="Recessional (poem)">"Recessional" (1897)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(The_Kinks_song)" title="Victoria (The Kinks song)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choral_Songs_in_honour_of_Her_Majesty_Queen_Victoria" title="Choral Songs in honour of Her Majesty Queen Victoria">Choral Songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Stamps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Black" title="Penny Black">Penny Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Black_VR_official" title="Penny Black VR official">VR official</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Blue" title="Penny Blue">Penny Blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_penny_blue" title="Two penny blue">Two penny blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Red" title="Penny Red">Penny Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_embossed_postage_stamps" title="British embossed postage stamps">Embossed stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfpenny_Rose_Red" title="Halfpenny Rose Red">Halfpenny Rose Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Halfpence_Red" title="Three Halfpence Red">Three Halfpence Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Venetian_Red" title="Penny Venetian Red">Penny Venetian Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Lilac" title="Penny Lilac">Penny Lilac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Lilac_and_Green_Issue" title="Queen Victoria Lilac and Green Issue">Lilac and Green Issue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Issue" title="Jubilee Issue">Jubilee Issue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalon_head" title="Chalon head">Chalon head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_12d_black" title="Canada 12d black">Canada 12d black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_2c_Large_Queen_on_laid_paper" title="Canada 2c Large Queen on laid paper">Canada 2c Large Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dull_Rose" title="Dull Rose">Ceylon Dull Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_Head_4_Annas" title="Inverted Head 4 Annas">India Inverted Head 4 annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfpenny_Yellow" title="Halfpenny Yellow">Malta Halfpenny Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_%22Post_Office%22_stamps" title="Mauritius "Post Office" stamps">Mauritius "Post Office" stamps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_House" title="Osborne House">Osborne House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria%27s_journals" title="Queen Victoria's journals">Queen Victoria's journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(servant)" title="John Brown (servant)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_(the_Munshi)" title="Abdul Karim (the Munshi)">Abdul Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria%27s_pets" title="Queen Victoria's pets">Pets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dash_(spaniel)" title="Dash (spaniel)">Dash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Diamond_Crown_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria">Diamond Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoriana" title="Victoriana">Victoriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_sponge" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria sponge">Victoria sponge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">← William IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&oldid=1259261318">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Square,_Christchurch&oldid=1259261318</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Squares_in_Christchurch" title="Category:Squares in Christchurch">Squares in Christchurch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Christchurch" title="Category:Buildings and 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