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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colônia_comercial_Melua_na_Suméria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colônia_comercial_Melua_na_Suméria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Colônia comercial Melua na Suméria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colônia_comercial_Melua_na_Suméria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflito_com_os_acádios_e_neo-sumérios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflito_com_os_acádios_e_neo-sumérios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Conflito com os acádios e neo-sumérios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflito_com_os_acádios_e_neo-sumérios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Índice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Melua</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 23 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9C%E1%88%89%E1%88%93" title="ሜሉሓ — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሜሉሓ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE" title="মেলুঃহা — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেলুঃহা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melukhkha" title="Melukhkha — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Melukhkha" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melu%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%ABa" title="Meluḫḫa — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meluḫḫa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7" title="ملوخا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملوخا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE" title="मेलुह्हा — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेलुह्हा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melukhkha" title="Melukhkha — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Melukhkha" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90" title="მელუხა — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მელუხა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluha" title="Meluha — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meluha" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7" title="ملوخا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملوخا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Мелухха — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мелухха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="மெலுக்கா — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெலுக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meluhha" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Мелухха — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мелухха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q483421#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Melua" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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.tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Melua<br />𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Moyen_Orient_3mil_aC-pt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Moyen_Orient_3mil_aC-pt.svg/300px-Moyen_Orient_3mil_aC-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Moyen_Orient_3mil_aC-pt.svg/450px-Moyen_Orient_3mil_aC-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Moyen_Orient_3mil_aC-pt.svg/600px-Moyen_Orient_3mil_aC-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2285" data-file-height="1284" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Terras estrangeiras aos <a href="/wiki/Mesopot%C3%A2micos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotâmicos">mesopotâmicos</a>, incluindo Melua.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Impression_of_a_cylinder_seal_of_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Impression_of_a_cylinder_seal_of_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg/300px-Impression_of_a_cylinder_seal_of_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Impression_of_a_cylinder_seal_of_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg/450px-Impression_of_a_cylinder_seal_of_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Impression_of_a_cylinder_seal_of_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg/600px-Impression_of_a_cylinder_seal_of_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2922" data-file-height="1782" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Impressão de um <a href="/wiki/Selo_cil%C3%ADndrico" title="Selo cilíndrico">selo cilíndrico</a> com a inscrição: "Divino Sarcalisarri, o poderoso rei de <a href="/wiki/Ac%C3%A1dia_(cidade)" title="Acádia (cidade)">Agade</a>, Ibni-Sarrum, o Escriba seu servo"). O <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAfalo-asi%C3%A1tico" title="Búfalo-asiático">búfalo da água</a> é pensado para ter vindo do <a href="/wiki/Vale_do_Indo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale do Indo">Vale do Indo</a>, e testemunha a intercâmbios com Melua, a civilização do Vale do Indo. <abbr title="circa"><a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">c.</a></abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">2 217 a.C.</span> - <span style="white-space:nowrap;">2 193 a.C.</span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Museu_do_Louvre" title="Museu do Louvre">Museu do Louvre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Melua</b> ou <b>Meluca</b> (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_sum%C3%A9ria" title="Língua suméria">sumério</a>: <span lang="sux">𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠</span>; <a href="/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)" title="Romanização (linguística)">romaniz.</a>: <span lang="sux-Latn" title="ISO transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i>Me-luh-ha<sup>KI</sup></i></span>) é o nome <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_sum%C3%A9ria" title="Língua suméria">sumério</a> de um proeminente parceiro comercial da <a href="/wiki/Sum%C3%A9ria" title="Suméria">Suméria</a> durante a <a href="/wiki/Idade_do_Bronze" title="Idade do Bronze">Idade do Bronze</a>. Sua identificação permanece uma questão em aberto, mas a maioria dos estudiosos associa o termo à <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Vale_do_Indo" title="Civilização do Vale do Indo">Civilização do Vale do Indo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melua&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melua&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Etimologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asko Parpola identifica os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-dravidianos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-dravidianos (página não existe)">proto-dravidianos</a> com a Civilização do Vale do Indo (CVI) e o povo Melua mencionado nos registros sumérios. Segundo ele, a palavra "Meluhha" deriva das palavras dravidianas <i>mel-akam</i> ("país das terras altas"). É possível que o povo da CVI tenha exportado <a href="/wiki/%C3%93leo_de_gergelim" title="Óleo de gergelim">óleo de gergelim</a> para a <a href="/wiki/Mesopot%C3%A2mia" title="Mesopotâmia">Mesopotâmia</a>, onde era conhecido como <i>ilu</i> em sumério e <i>elu</i> em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_ac%C3%A1dia" title="Língua acádia">acádio</a>. Uma teoria é que essas palavras derivam do nome <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_dravidiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua dravidiana">dravidiano</a> de gergelim (<i>el</i> ou <i>elu</i>). No entanto, Michael Witzel, que associa a CVI aos ancestrais dos falantes das <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_mundas" class="mw-redirect" title="Línguas mundas">línguas mundas</a>, sugere uma <a href="/wiki/Etimologia" title="Etimologia">etimologia</a> alternativa da palavra munda para gergelim selvagem: <i>jar-tila</i>. Munda é uma <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_austro-asi%C3%A1tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua austro-asiática">língua austro-asiática</a> e forma um substrato (incluindo palavras emprestadas) nas <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_drav%C3%ADdicas" title="Línguas dravídicas">línguas dravídicas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh2008354_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh2008354-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asko Parpola relaciona Melua com <a href="/wiki/Mleccha" title="Mleccha">Mleccha</a> que eram consideradas tribos "bárbaras" não-<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nscrito_v%C3%A9dico" title="Sânscrito védico">védicas</a> no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nscrito_v%C3%A9dico" title="Sânscrito védico">sânscrito védico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colônia_comercial_Melua_na_Suméria"><span id="Col.C3.B4nia_comercial_Melua_na_Sum.C3.A9ria"></span>Colônia comercial Melua na Suméria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melua&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Colônia comercial Melua na Suméria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melua&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Colônia comercial Melua na Suméria"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No final do período sumério, há inúmeras menções em inscrições de um assentamento Melua no sul da Suméria, perto da cidade-estado de <a href="/wiki/Guirsu" title="Guirsu">Guirsu</a>. A maioria das referências parece datar do <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Ac%C3%A1dio" title="Império Acádio">Império Acádio</a> e especialmente do período da <a href="/wiki/Terceira_dinastia_de_Ur" title="Terceira dinastia de Ur">Terceira dinastia de Ur</a>. A localização do assentamento foi provisoriamente identificada com a cidade de Guaba. As referências a "grandes barcos" na Guaba sugerem que ela pode ter funcionado como uma colônia comercial que inicialmente teve contato direto com Melua.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Parece que o comércio direto com Melua diminuiu durante o período de Ur III e foi substituído pelo comércio com Dilmum, possivelmente correspondendo ao fim dos sistemas urbanos no vale do Indo naquela época.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Meluhha_village_tablet_-_BM17751_(horizontal).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uma tabuinha do período de Sulgi, mencionando a aldeia "Melua" na Suméria.[8] Museu Britânico, BM 17751. "Meluhha" (𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠) realmente aparece no início do outro lado (coluna II, 1) na frase "O celeiro da aldeia de Melua".[9][8]"><img alt="Uma tabuinha do período de Sulgi, mencionando a aldeia "Melua" na Suméria.[8] Museu Britânico, BM 17751. "Meluhha" (𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠) realmente aparece no início do outro lado (coluna II, 1) na frase "O celeiro da aldeia de Melua".[9][8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Meluhha_village_tablet_-_BM17751_%28horizontal%29.jpg/200px-Meluhha_village_tablet_-_BM17751_%28horizontal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Meluhha_village_tablet_-_BM17751_%28horizontal%29.jpg/300px-Meluhha_village_tablet_-_BM17751_%28horizontal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Meluhha_village_tablet_-_BM17751_%28horizontal%29.jpg/400px-Meluhha_village_tablet_-_BM17751_%28horizontal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3133" data-file-height="2115" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Uma tabuinha do período de <a href="/wiki/Sulgi" title="Sulgi">Sulgi</a>, mencionando a aldeia "Melua" na Suméria.<sup id="cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-1-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Museu_Brit%C3%A2nico" title="Museu Britânico">Museu Britânico</a>, BM 17751. "Meluhha" (<small>𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠</small>) realmente aparece no início do outro lado (coluna II, 1) na frase "O celeiro da aldeia de Melua".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-1-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:BM17751_Meluhha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transcrição do comprimido BM 17751, com a palavra "Melua" (𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 ). A coluna II continua a coluna I no reverso."><img alt="Transcrição do comprimido BM 17751, com a palavra "Melua" (𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 ). A coluna II continua a coluna I no reverso." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BM17751_Meluhha.jpg/200px-BM17751_Meluhha.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BM17751_Meluhha.jpg/300px-BM17751_Meluhha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BM17751_Meluhha.jpg/400px-BM17751_Meluhha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1682" data-file-height="1163" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transcrição do comprimido BM 17751, com a palavra "Melua" (<small>𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠</small> ). A coluna II continua a coluna I no reverso.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflito_com_os_acádios_e_neo-sumérios"><span id="Conflito_com_os_ac.C3.A1dios_e_neo-sum.C3.A9rios"></span>Conflito com os acádios e neo-sumérios</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melua&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Conflito com os acádios e neo-sumérios" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melua&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Conflito com os acádios e neo-sumérios"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:AO_5476_(front,_with_transcription).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/AO_5476_%28front%2C_with_transcription%29.jpg/220px-AO_5476_%28front%2C_with_transcription%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/AO_5476_%28front%2C_with_transcription%29.jpg/330px-AO_5476_%28front%2C_with_transcription%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/AO_5476_%28front%2C_with_transcription%29.jpg/440px-AO_5476_%28front%2C_with_transcription%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5384" data-file-height="6860" /></a><figcaption>Relato das vitórias de <a href="/wiki/Rimus_da_Ac%C3%A1dia" title="Rimus da Acádia">Rimus</a>, governante do <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Ac%C3%A1dio" title="Império Acádio">Império Acádio</a>, sobre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abalgamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abalgamas (página não existe)">Abalgamas</a>, rei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marasi (página não existe)">Marasi</a>. Em suas inscrições, Rimus mencionou que o exército liderado por Abalgamas incluía tropas de Melua. <a href="/wiki/Museu_do_Louvre" title="Museu do Louvre">Museu do Louvre</a> AO5476.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-2-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-3-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-2-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>De acordo com alguns relatos do governante do <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Ac%C3%A1dio" title="Império Acádio">Império Acádio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimus">Rimus</a>, ele lutou contra as tropas de Melua, na área de Elão:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="cquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: inherit; background-color: transparent; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">"Rimus, o rei do mundo, na batalha por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abalgamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abalgamas (página não existe)">Abalgamas</a>, rei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marasi (página não existe)">Parásum</a>, foi vitorioso. E Zaara<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> e Elão e Gupim e Melua dentro de Parásum se reuniram para a batalha, mas ele (Rimus) foi vitorioso e abateu 16.212 homens e levou 4.216 cativos. Além disso, ele capturou Emasini, rei de Elão, e todos os nobres de Elão. Além disso, ele capturou Sidagau, o general de Parasum, e Sargapi, general de Zaara, entre as cidades de <a href="/wiki/Av%C3%A3" title="Avã">Avã</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sus%C3%A3" title="Susã">Susã</a>, junto ao "Rio Médio". Além de um túmulo no local da cidade, ele amontoou sobre eles. Além disso, as fundações de Parásum do país de Elão ele arrancou, e assim Rimus, rei do mundo, governa Elão, (as) o deus Enlil havia mostrado ..." </td> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%"><p style="font-size: smaller; text-align: right;"><cite style="font-style: normal;">—  Inscrição de <a href="/wiki/Rimus_da_Ac%C3%A1dia" title="Rimus da Acádia">Rimus</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-3-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Gudea" title="Gudea">Gudea</a> também, em uma de suas inscrições, mencionou sua vitória sobre os territórios de <a href="/wiki/Mag%C3%A3" title="Magã">Magã</a>, Melua, <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A3o" title="Elão">Elão</a> e <a href="/wiki/Amurru" title="Amurru">Amurru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melua&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melua&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_indo-mesopot%C3%A2micas" title="Relações indo-mesopotâmicas">Relações indo-mesopotâmicas</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010147030">«sceau cylindre»</a>. <i>Musée du Louvre</i> (em francês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de abril de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.atitle=sceau+cylindre&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mus%C3%A9e+du+Louvre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.louvre.fr%2Fark%3A%2F53355%2Fcl010147030&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, Brian A.; Feldman, Marian H. (13 de dezembro de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=F4DoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA187&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Walter de Gruyter</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.au=Feldman%2C+Marian+H.&rft.aufirst=Brian+A.&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=Critical+Approaches+to+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Art&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF4DoBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA187%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McIntosh, Jane (2008). <i>The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives</i>. [S.l.: s.n.] 46 páginas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-57607-907-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-57607-907-2">978-1-57607-907-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Indus+Valley%3A+New+Perspectives&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-907-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh2008354-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh2008354_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcIntosh2008">McIntosh 2008</a>, p. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFParpolaParpola1975" class="citation">Parpola, Asko; Parpola, Simo (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/StOrE/article/view/49874/14912">«On the relationship of the Sumerian toponym Meluhha and Sanskrit mleccha»</a>, <i>Studia Orientalia</i>, <b>46</b>: 205-238</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.atitle=On+the+relationship+of+the+Sumerian+toponym+Meluhha+and+Sanskrit+mleccha&rft.au=Parpola%2C+Simo&rft.aufirst=Asko&rft.aulast=Parpola&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Orientalia&rft.pages=205-238&rft.volume=46&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fojs.tsv.fi%2Findex.php%2FStOrE%2Farticle%2Fview%2F49874%2F14912&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel1999" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_E._J._Witzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael E. J. Witzel (página não existe)">Witzel, Michael</a> (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0501/ejvs0501article.pdf">«Cópia arquivada»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies</i>, <b>5</b> (1), p. 25<span class="reference-accessdate">, consultado em 14 de abril de 2019</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112021858/http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0501/ejvs0501article.pdf">cópia arquivada <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 12 de janeiro de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.atitle=C%C3%B3pia+arquivada&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+Vedic+Studies&rft.pages=25&rft.volume=5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com%2Fejvs0501%2Fejvs0501article.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vermaak, Fanie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1228519/Guabba_the_Meluhhan_village_in_Mesopotamia">«Guabba, the Meluhhan village in Mesopotamia»</a> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de abril de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.atitle=Guabba%2C+the+Meluhhan+village+in+Mesopotamia&rft.aufirst=Fanie&rft.aulast=Vermaak&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1228519%2FGuabba_the_Meluhhan_village_in_Mesopotamia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-1_8-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-1_8-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274936748_The_Meluhha_Village_Evidence_of_Acculturation_of_Harappan_Traders_in_Late_Third_Millennium_Mesopotamia">«<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>The Meluḫḫa Village: Evidence of Acculturation of Harappan Traders in Late Third Millennium Mesopotamia?<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>»</a>. no Jornal de História Econômica e Social do Oriente, vol. 20, No. 2, 1977, pp. 136-137.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.btitle=%22The+Melu%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%ABa+Village%3A+Evidence+of+Acculturation+of+Harappan+Traders+in+Late+Third+Millennium+Mesopotamia%3F%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F274936748_The_Meluhha_Village_Evidence_of_Acculturation_of_Harappan_Traders_in_Late_Third_Millennium_Mesopotamia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vermaak, Fanie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1228519/Guabba_the_Meluhhan_village_in_Mesopotamia">«Guabba, the Meluhhan village in Mesopotamia»</a> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de abril de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.atitle=Guabba%2C+the+Meluhhan+village+in+Mesopotamia&rft.aufirst=Fanie&rft.aulast=Vermaak&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1228519%2FGuabba_the_Meluhhan_village_in_Mesopotamia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&ObjectID=P220618">«CDLI-Found Texts»</a>. <i>cdli.ucla.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de abril de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.atitle=CDLI-Found+Texts&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cdli.ucla.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdli.ucla.edu%2Fsearch%2Fsearch_results.php%3FSearchMode%3DText%26ObjectID%3DP220618&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-2_11-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-2_11-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jiménez-Carlés, Eduardo Martín. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/29704423/Sargonic_and_Gutian_Periods">«Sargonic and Gutian Periods»</a> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de abril de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.atitle=Sargonic+and+Gutian+Periods&rft.aufirst=Eduardo+Mart%C3n&rft.aulast=Jim%C3%A9nez-Carl%C3%A9s&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F29704423%2FSargonic_and_Gutian_Periods&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hamblin, William J. (27 de setembro de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&pg=PT93&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy Warriors at the Dawn of History</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Routledge</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.aulast=Hamblin&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+the+Ancient+Near+East+to+1600+BC%3A+Holy+Warriors+at+the+Dawn+of+History&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbiyDDd0uKGMC%26pg%3DPT93%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Não_nomeado-y0n9-3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-3_13-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Não_nomeado-y0n9-3_13-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P461954">«CDLI-Archival View»</a>. <i>cdli.ucla.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de abril de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.atitle=CDLI-Archival+View&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cdli.ucla.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdli.ucla.edu%2Fsearch%2Farchival_view.php%3FObjectID%3DP461954&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bryce, Trevor (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=QD9GrxiILH8C&pg=PA784&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Taylor & Francis</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMelua&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+the+Peoples+and+Places+of+Ancient+Western+Asia%3A+From+the+Early+Bronze+Age+to+the+Fall+of+the+Persian+Empire&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQD9GrxiILH8C%26pg%3DPA784%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Parte do texto baseado na tradução do artigo <i>«<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha" class="extiw" title="en:Meluhha">Meluhha</a>»</i> na Wikipédia em inglês.</li></ul> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Car_of_history.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/30px-Car_of_history.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/45px-Car_of_history.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/60px-Car_of_history.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria" title="História">história</a> ou um(a) <a href="/wiki/Historiador" title="Historiador">historiador(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melua&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position:absolute; right:15px; font-size:smaller; display:none;"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Esbo%C3%A7o-hist%C3%B3ria" title="Predefinição:Esboço-história"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Esbo%C3%A7o-hist%C3%B3ria" title="Predefinição Discussão:Esboço-história"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Esbo%C3%A7o-hist%C3%B3ria&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; 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