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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>World population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births_and_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births_and_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births and deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births_and_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nobel Prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1980</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 203 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1980 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1980 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1980 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1980 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1980 сон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1980 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۸۰ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۸۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A6" title="১৯৮০ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৮০" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_n%C3%AE" title="1980 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1980 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1980 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1980 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A9%E0%BC%A8%E0%BC%A0%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="༡༩༨༠ལོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༡༩༨༠ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980." title="1980. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1980." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1980 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1980 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B0" title="۱۹۸۰ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۸۰" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4" title="1980年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1980年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1980-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1980-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%EB%85%84" title="1980년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1980년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6" title="१९८० – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९८०" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980." title="1980. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1980." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A6" title="মারি ১৯৮০ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৮০" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1980-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1980-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%A6" title="೧೯೮೦ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೮೦" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1980 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1980 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1980 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1980 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1980-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1980-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1980 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1980 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B8" title="1980 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1980 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980._gads" title="1980. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1980. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1980 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1980 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_m." title="1980 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1980 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980moi" title="1980moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1980moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6" title="१९८० – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९८०" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6" title="इ.स. १९८० – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९८०" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B0" title="۱۹۸۰ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۸۰" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1980 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1980 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1980 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1980 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%88%E1%81%80" title="၁၉၈၀ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၈၀" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4" title="1980年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1980年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1980 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1980 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A6" title="୧୯୮୦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୮୦" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6" title="१९८० – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९८०" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1980" title="Joohr 1980 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1980" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1980 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1980 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1980 сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1980 сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%D8%B9" title="1980ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1980ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A8%D9%A0" title="١٩٨٠ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٨٠" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1980 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1980 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2523" title="พ.ศ. 2523 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2523" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1980" title="Соли 1980 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1980" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1980 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1980 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%D8%A1" title="1980ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1980ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1980 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1980 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_nienz" title="1980 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1980 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4" title="一九八〇年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九八〇年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4" title="1980年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1980年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4" title="1980年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1980年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4" title="1980年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1980年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" title="1980 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1980" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1980. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/1980_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="1980 (disambiguation)">1980 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1980-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span id="1980-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1980</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1980" title="January 1980">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1980" title="February 1980">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1980" title="March 1980">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1980" title="April 1980">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1980" title="May 1980">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1980" title="June 1980">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1980" title="July 1980">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1980" title="August 1980">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1980" title="September 1980">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1980" title="October 1980">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1980" title="November 1980">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1980" title="December 1980">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1980_Events_Collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/1980_Events_Collage.jpg/300px-1980_Events_Collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/1980_Events_Collage.jpg/450px-1980_Events_Collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/1980_Events_Collage.jpg/600px-1980_Events_Collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>Clockwise from top-left: people welcoming six freed hostages back to the United States, as a result of the "<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a>"; the <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a> are held in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a></i> is released in the arcades becoming the highest-earning arcade game of all time; Iraq <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Iran" title="Iraqi invasion of Iran">invades</a> Iran initiating the <a href="/wiki/Iran-Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Iraq War">Iran-Iraq War</a>; students of <a href="/wiki/Gwangju" title="Gwangju">Gwangju</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> <a href="/wiki/Gwangju_Uprising" title="Gwangju Uprising">uprise</a> in response to the coup d'état of May Seventeenth; <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> is <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_John_Lennon" title="Murder of John Lennon">murdered</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mark_David_Chapman" title="Mark David Chapman">Mark David Chapman</a> outside his New York City apartment; <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Centrale_railway_station" title="Bologna Centrale railway station">Bologna Centrale railway station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Bologna_massacre" title="Bologna massacre">explodes</a> killing 85 and injuring 200; <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a> <a href="/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St._Helens" title="1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens">erupts</a> killing approximately 57 people.</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s" title="1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s" title="2000s">2000s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1977">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1979">1979</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1980">1980</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1981" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1982">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1983">1983</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980" title="Category:1980">1980 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Subject</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_animation" title="1980 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_archaeology" title="1980 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_architecture" title="1980 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_art" title="1980 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_aviation" title="1980 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_awards" title="Category:1980 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_comics" title="1980 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_film" title="1980 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_literature" title="1980 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_poetry" title="1980 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_meteorology" title="Category:1980 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_music" title="1980 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_country_music" title="1980 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_heavy_metal_music" title="1980 in heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_hip_hop_music" title="1980 in hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_jazz" title="1980 in jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Latin_music" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 in Latin music">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_rail_transport" title="1980 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_radio" title="1980 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_science" title="1980 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_spaceflight" title="1980 in spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_sports" title="1980 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_association_football" title="1980 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_television" title="1980 in television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_American_television" title="1980 in American television">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Australian_television" title="1980 in Australian television">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Belgian_television" title="1980 in Belgian television">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Brazilian_television" title="1980 in Brazilian television">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_British_television" title="1980 in British television">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Scottish_television" title="1980 in Scottish television">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Canadian_television" title="1980 in Canadian television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Danish_television" title="1980 in Danish television">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Irish_television" title="1980 in Irish television">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Italian_television" title="1980 in Italian television">Italian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_video_games" title="1980 in video games">Video games</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Afghanistan" title="1980 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Australia" title="1980 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Bangladesh" title="1980 in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Belgium" title="1980 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Brazil" title="1980 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Canada" title="1980 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_China" title="1980 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Denmark" title="1980 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_France" title="1980 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Germany" title="1980 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Greece" title="1980 in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_India" title="1980 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Ireland" title="1980 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Iran" title="1980 in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Israel" title="1980 in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Italy" title="1980 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Japan" title="1980 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Kuwait" title="1980 in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Luxembourg" title="1980 in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Malaysia" title="1980 in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Mexico" title="1980 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_the_Netherlands" title="1980 in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_New_Zealand" title="1980 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Norway" title="1980 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Pakistan" title="1980 in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_the_Philippines" title="1980 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Portugal" title="1980 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Singapore" title="1980 in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_South_Africa" title="1980 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_South_Korea" title="1980 in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1980 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Sweden" title="1980 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Switzerland" title="1980 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Thailand" title="1980 in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Turkey" title="1980 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1980 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_the_United_States" title="1980 in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Zimbabwe" title="1980 in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1980">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1980">Sovereign state leaders</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_in_law" title="Category:1980 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_births" title="Category:1980 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_deaths" title="Category:1980 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_establishments" title="Category:1980 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_disestablishments" title="Category:1980 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_works" title="Category:1980 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_introductions" title="Category:1980 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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<table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1980 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1980<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCMLXXX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2733</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1429<br />ԹՎ ՌՆԻԹ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6730</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>136–137</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1901–1902</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1387</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2930</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>28 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a> – 29 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2524</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1342</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7488–7489</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">己未</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />4677 or 4470<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />庚申年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />4678 or 4471</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1696–1697</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3146</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1972–1973</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5740–5741</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>2036–2037</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1901–1902</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5080–5081</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11980</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>980–981</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1358–1359</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1400–1401</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a> 55<br />(昭和５５年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1912–1913</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4313</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a> 69<br />民國69年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>512</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2523</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴土羊年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />2106 or 1725 or 953<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳金猴年<br />(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />2107 or 1726 or 954</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></td><td>315532800 – 347155199</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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1980th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 980th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 80th year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 1st year of the <a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a> decade. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1119456059">.mw-parser-output .tocnumber{display:none}.mw-parser-output #toc ul,.mw-parser-output .toc ul{line-height:1.5em;list-style:none;margin:.3em 0 0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist #toc ul ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist .toc ul ul{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097603156">.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center{clear:none}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center .toc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-right{clear:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-none{clear:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist horizontal-toc horizontal-toc-align-center toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_1980" title="January 1980">January 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> proclaims a <a href="/wiki/United_States_grain_embargo_against_the_Soviet_Union" title="United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union">grain embargo</a> against the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> with the support of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a> time <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(computing)" title="Epoch (computing)">epoch</a> begins at 00:00 UTC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, 63 <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> insurgents are beheaded for their part in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">siege of the Great Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> in November <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress (I) party</a> leader, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> returns to power as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – At least 200 people are killed when the Corralejas Bullring collapses at <a href="/wiki/Sincelejo" title="Sincelejo">Sincelejo</a>, Colombia.<sup id="cite_ref-HIS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HIS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/London_Gold_Fixing" class="mw-redirect" title="London Gold Fixing">London Gold Fixing</a> hits its highest price ever of $843 per <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ($2,249.50 in 2020 when adjusted for inflation).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> scientist and human rights activist, is arrested in Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> establish diplomatic relations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a>: Six United States <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomats</a>, posing as Canadians, manage to escape from <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, as they board a flight to <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, Switzerland, on <a href="/wiki/Swissair" title="Swissair">Swissair</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Spanish_Embassy_in_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning of the Spanish Embassy in Guatemala">Burning of the Spanish Embassy in Guatemala</a>: The Spanish Embassy in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> is invaded and set on fire, killing 36 people. In the United States, it is dubbed "Spain's own Tehran".<sup id="cite_ref-arias_161_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arias_161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1980" title="February 1980">February 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abscam" title="Abscam">Abscam</a>: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> personnel target members of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">Congress of the United States</a> in a sting operation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a>–<a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Penitentiary_riot" title="New Mexico State Penitentiary riot">New Mexico State Penitentiary riot</a> takes place; 33 inmates are killed and more than 100 inmates injured.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abolhassan_Banisadr" title="Abolhassan Banisadr">Abolhassan Banisadr</a> is sworn in as the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President of Iran</a> after winning the <a href="/wiki/1980_Iranian_presidential_election" title="1980 Iranian presidential election">January 25 presidential election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Winter Olympics</a> open in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, followers of <a href="/wiki/John_Frum" title="John Frum">John Frum</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult" title="Cargo cult">cargo cult</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Tanna_(island)" title="Tanna (island)">Tanna</a> declare secession as the nation of <a href="/wiki/Tafea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafea">Tafea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_February_16,_1980" title="Solar eclipse of February 16, 1980">total solar eclipse</a> is seen in North Africa and West Asia. It was the 50th solar eclipse of <a href="/wiki/Solar_Saros_130" title="Solar Saros 130">Solar Saros 130</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – The US upset the USSR in the Olympics, a hockey game known as the <a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_Ice" title="Miracle on Ice">Miracle on Ice</a>. They then proceeded to defeat Finland to secure the first and only <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1960_Winter_Olympics" title="Ice hockey at the 1960 Winter Olympics">gold medal</a> since 1960.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> states that <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s parliament will decide the fate of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">American embassy hostages</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> ousts the government of <a href="/wiki/Henck_Arron" title="Henck Arron">Henck Arron</a>; leaders <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9si_Bouterse" title="Dési Bouterse">Dési Bouterse</a> and Roy Horb replace it with a National Military Council.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/19th_of_April_Movement" title="19th of April Movement">M-19</a> guerrillas begin the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_embassy_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican embassy siege">Dominican embassy siege</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, holding 60 people hostage, including 14 <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_1980" title="March 1980">March 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Stayner" title="Steven Stayner">Steven Stayner</a> returned home after being kidnapped for seven years, and brought a 5 year old, <a href="/wiki/Timothy_White_(abduction_victim)" title="Timothy White (abduction victim)">Timothy White (abduction victim)</a>, who had been kidnapped after Steven, to a police station to save him.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Trade_Union_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Trade Union Council">Commonwealth Trade Union Council</a> is established.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i> probe confirms the existence of <a href="/wiki/Janus_(moon)" title="Janus (moon)">Janus</a>, a moon of <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> returns to office as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> is elected Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s first <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi_Rock_Festival_(1980)" title="Tbilisi Rock Festival (1980)">rock music festival</a> starts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines_Flight_007" title="LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007">LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007</a> crashes during an emergency landing near <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland, killing a 14-man American <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> team and 73 others.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – Fifty people are killed at the <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a> in Russia, when a <a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">Vostok-2M</a> rocket explodes on its launch pad during a fueling operation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a>–<a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/MV_Mi_Amigo" title="MV Mi Amigo">MV <i>Mi Amigo</i></a>, the ship housing <a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio" title="Pirate radio">pirate radio</a> station <a href="/wiki/Radio_Caroline" title="Radio Caroline">Radio Caroline</a>, sinks off the English coast (the station returns aboard a new ship in <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> announces that the United States will boycott the <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a> in Moscow because of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – A mine lift cage at the <a href="/wiki/Vaal_Reefs" title="Vaal Reefs">Vaal Reefs</a> gold mine in South Africa falls 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi), killing 23 workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Association1981_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Association1981-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – The Norwegian oil platform <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_L._Kielland_(platform)" title="Alexander L. Kielland (platform)">Alexander L. Kielland</a></i> collapses in the North Sea, killing 123 of its crew of 212.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Talpiot_Tomb" title="Talpiot Tomb">Talpiot Tomb</a> is discovered by construction workers in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/April_1980" title="April 1980">April 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Coordination_Conference" title="Southern African Development Coordination Conference">Southern African Development Coordination Conference</a> (SADCC) is formed in Lusaka, Zambia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1980_St._Pauls_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 St. Pauls riot">St Pauls riot</a> breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – The United States severs diplomatic relations with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and imposes economic sanctions, following the taking of American hostages on November 4, 1979.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal, the governments of Spain and the United Kingdom agree to reopen the border between <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> and Spain (closed since <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>) in <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Liberian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Liberian coup d'état">1980 Liberian coup d'état</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_K._Doe" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel K. Doe">Samuel K. Doe</a> overthrows the government of <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> in a violent <i><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a></i>, executing President <a href="/wiki/William_Tolbert" title="William Tolbert">William Tolbert</a> and ending over 130 years of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential succession">presidential succession</a> in that country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Fox" title="Terry Fox">Terry Fox</a> begins his <a href="/wiki/Marathon_of_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathon of Hope">Marathon of Hope</a>, a plan to run across Canada to raise money for cancer research, setting off from <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's, Newfoundland">St. John's, Newfoundland</a> and running westward.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Iron_Maiden" title="Iron Maiden">Iron Maiden</a>'s debut self-titled album <i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Maiden_(album)" title="Iron Maiden (album)">Iron Maiden</a></i> is released in the U.K.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> gains <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> independence from the United Kingdom with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> as its first Prime Minister.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a>, a commando mission in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> to rescue American embassy hostages, is aborted after mechanical problems ground the rescue helicopters. Eight United States troops are killed in a mid-air collision during the failed operation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dan-Air_Flight_1008" title="Dan-Air Flight 1008">Dan-Air Flight 1008</a> crashes in <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, killing all 146 occupants; at the time it was the worst air disaster involving a British-registered aircraft in terms of loss of life.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_and_Charmian_Faulkner_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise and Charmian Faulkner disappearance">Louise and Charmian Faulkner</a> disappear from outside their flat in <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda, Victoria</a>, Australia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_embassy_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican embassy siege">Dominican embassy siege</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> ends with all remaining hostages released after the guerrillas are allowed to escape to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Embassy_siege" title="Iranian Embassy siege">Iranian Embassy siege</a>: Six Iranian-born terrorists take over the Iranian embassy in London, England. <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a> retakes the Embassy on May 5; one terrorist survives.</li> <li>Queen <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Juliana of the Netherlands</a> abdicates and her daughter <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix</a> accedes to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1980" title="May 1980">May 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – "About that Urban Renaissance...", an article by journalist Dan Rottenberg in <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(magazine)" title="Chicago (magazine)">Chicago</a></i>, contains the first recorded use of the word "<a href="/wiki/Yuppie" title="Yuppie">yuppie</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/1980_Nepalese_governmental_system_referendum" title="1980 Nepalese governmental system referendum">Referendum on system of government</a> held in Nepal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> President <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> dies. The largest state funeral in history is organized, with state delegations from 128 different countries out of 154 UN members at the time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Geidel" title="Paul Geidel">Paul Geidel</a>, convicted of second-degree murder in <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>, is released from prison in <a href="/wiki/Beacon,_New_York" title="Beacon, New York">Beacon, New York</a>, after 68 years and 245 days (the longest-ever time served by an inmate).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – Global eradication of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> certified by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, United States, the Liberian freighter <i><a href="/wiki/Summit_Venture" class="mw-redirect" title="Summit Venture">Summit Venture</a></i> hits the <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Skyway_Bridge" title="Sunshine Skyway Bridge">Sunshine Skyway Bridge</a> over <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay" title="Tampa Bay">Tampa Bay</a>. A 1,400-foot (430 m) section of the bridge collapses and 35 people (most of them on a bus) are killed.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_George_Smith_McCartney" title="James Alexander George Smith McCartney">James Alexander George Smith "Jags" McCartney</a> the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a>' first <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">chief minister</a>, is killed in a plane crash over <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sumpul_River_massacre" title="Sumpul River massacre">Sumpul River massacre</a> occurs in <a href="/wiki/Chalatenango,_El_Salvador" title="Chalatenango, El Salvador">Chalatenango, El Salvador</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Peru">Internal conflict in Peru</a>: On the eve of presidential elections, <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a> <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> group <a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Shining Path</a> attacks a polling location in the town of <a href="/wiki/Chuschi" title="Chuschi">Chuschi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho" title="Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St._Helens" title="1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens">1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens</a> volcano in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington (state)</a> kills 57 and causes US$3 billion in damage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gwangju_Uprising" title="Gwangju Uprising">Gwangju Uprising</a>: Students in <a href="/wiki/Gwangju" title="Gwangju">Gwangju</a>, South Korea, begin demonstrations, calling for democratic reforms.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/1980_Quebec_referendum" title="1980 Quebec referendum">1980 Quebec referendum</a>: Voters in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> reject, by a vote of 60%, a proposal to seek independence from Canada.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a></i>, the highest-earning <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a> of all time, is released in Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> calls for the release of U.S. Embassy hostages in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Frum" title="John Frum">John Frum</a> supporters in <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> storm government offices on the island of <a href="/wiki/Tanna_(island)" title="Tanna (island)">Tanna</a>. Vanuatu government troops land the next day and drive them away.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – A fiery bus crash near the small village of <a href="/wiki/Webb,_Saskatchewan" title="Webb, Saskatchewan">Webb, Saskatchewan</a>, Canada, claims 22 lives.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1980" title="June 1980">June 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – The first 24-hour news channel, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">Cable News Network</a> (CNN), is launched.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/1980_Grand_Island_tornado_outbreak" title="1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak">1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak</a>: A series of deadly <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a> strikes <a href="/wiki/Grand_Island,_Nebraska" title="Grand Island, Nebraska">Grand Island, Nebraska</a>, causing over $300m in damage, killing five people and injuring over 250.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a>: The <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> in South Africa publishes a statement by their imprisoned leader <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_heat_wave" title="1980 United States heat wave">1980 United States heat wave</a> claims 1,700 lives.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi" title="Sanjay Gandhi">Sanjay Gandhi</a>, the politically influential son of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, is killed in a plane crash.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> begins work on <a href="/wiki/ENQUIRE" title="ENQUIRE">ENQUIRE</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the system that will eventually lead to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> in autumn 1990.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> assassination attempt against <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> president <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> fails. Assad retaliates by sending the army against them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itavia_Flight_870" title="Itavia Flight 870">Itavia Flight 870</a> crashes into the sea near <a href="/wiki/Ustica" title="Ustica">Ustica</a> island, Italy, killing all 81 people on board. The cause of the accident remains unclear.</li> <li>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> signs <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_System" title="Selective Service System">Proclamation 4771</a>, requiring 18- to 25-year-old males to register for a peacetime <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">military draft</a>, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vigd%C3%ADs_Finnbogad%C3%B3ttir" title="Vigdís Finnbogadóttir">Vigdís Finnbogadóttir</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">President of Iceland</a>, making her the first woman democratically elected as head of state.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/July_1980" title="July 1980">July 1980</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alex_palace1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alex_palace1.jpg/200px-Alex_palace1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alex_palace1.jpg/300px-Alex_palace1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Alex_palace1.jpg/400px-Alex_palace1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1317" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a>: Fire at <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Lublin_1980_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lublin 1980 strikes">wave of strikes</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> visits <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>; seven people are crushed to death in a crowd waiting to see him at afternoon Mass at the stadium in <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – Former <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> Governor and actor <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> is nominated for U.S. president, at the <a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">1980 Republican National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. Influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Religious Right</a>, the convention also drops its long-standing support for the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a>, dismaying moderate Republicans.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Turkish Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erim" title="Nihat Erim">Nihat Erim</a> is killed by two gunmen in Istanbul, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a> are held in Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. As 82 countries boycott the Games, athletes from 16 of them participate under a neutral flag.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> gains <a href="/wiki/History_of_Vanuatu#Independence" title="History of Vanuatu">independence</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> passes the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/August_1980" title="August 1980">August 1980</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_Olympic_Games,_1980_(22).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Moscow_Olympic_Games%2C_1980_%2822%29.jpg/200px-Moscow_Olympic_Games%2C_1980_%2822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Moscow_Olympic_Games%2C_1980_%2822%29.jpg/300px-Moscow_Olympic_Games%2C_1980_%2822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Moscow_Olympic_Games%2C_1980_%2822%29.jpg/400px-Moscow_Olympic_Games%2C_1980_%2822%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3555" data-file-height="2378" /></a><figcaption>Moscow Olympic Games on August 2, 1980</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vigd%C3%ADs_Finnbogad%C3%B3ttir" title="Vigdís Finnbogadóttir">Vigdís Finnbogadóttir</a> becomes the 4th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">President of Iceland</a>, the world's first democratically directly elected female president.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Strage_di_Bologna" class="mw-redirect" title="Strage di Bologna">Strage di Bologna</a>: A terrorist bombing at the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Centrale_railway_station" title="Bologna Centrale railway station">Bologna Centrale railway station</a> in Italy kills 85 people and wounds more than 200.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – The 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow officially <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_closing_ceremony" title="1980 Summer Olympics closing ceremony">ends</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Allen" title="Hurricane Allen">Hurricane Allen</a> (category 5) pounds <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, where it kills more than 200 people.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> leads the first of many strikes at the <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Shipyard" title="Gdańsk Shipyard">Gdańsk Shipyard</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – In Australia, baby <a href="/wiki/Azaria_Chamberlain_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Azaria Chamberlain disappearance">Azaria Chamberlain disappears</a> from a campsite at Ayers Rock (<a href="/wiki/Uluru" title="Uluru">Uluru</a>), reportedly taken by a <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – In one of aviation's worst disasters, 301 people are killed when <a href="/wiki/Saudia_Flight_163" title="Saudia Flight 163">Saudia Flight 163</a> catches fire in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – Victory of the strike in <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Shipyard" title="Gdańsk Shipyard">Gdańsk Shipyard</a>, Poland. The <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> is signed, opening a way to start the first free (i.e. not state-controlled) trade union in the <a href="/wiki/Communist_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist bloc">communist bloc</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a>" (<i>Solidarność</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_1980" title="September 1980">September 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terry_Fox" title="Terry Fox">Terry Fox</a> is forced to end his Marathon of Hope run outside of <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunder Bay, Ontario">Thunder Bay, Ontario</a>, Canada, after finding out that the cancer has spread to his lungs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ford_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Europe">Ford Europe</a> launches the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(Europe)" title="Ford Escort (Europe)">Escort MK3</a>, a new front-wheel-drive hatchback.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> breaks diplomatic and consular relations with South Africa, even though it maintains a commercial mission in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Road_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Road Tunnel">Gotthard Road Tunnel</a> opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel, at 16.3 kilometres (10.1 mi), stretching from <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6schenen" title="Göschenen">Göschenen</a> to <a href="/wiki/Airolo" title="Airolo">Airolo</a> beneath the Gotthard Pass.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a> stages a <a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">military coup in Turkey</a>. It stops political gang violence, but begins stronger state violence leading to the execution of many young activists.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – After weeks of strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a>, the nationwide independent trade union <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> is established.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ulusu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bülent Ulusu">Bülent Ulusu</a>, ex admiral, forms the new government of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (44th government, composed mostly of technocrats).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – The command council of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> orders its army to "deliver its fatal blow on <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> military targets", initiating the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest_bombing" title="Oktoberfest bombing">Oktoberfest bombing</a>: 13 people are killed and 211 injured in a right-wing terror attack in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> (West Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mariel_boatlift" title="Mariel boatlift">Mariel boatlift</a> in Cuba officially ends.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a> introduce the <a href="/wiki/DIX_Ethernet" class="mw-redirect" title="DIX Ethernet">DIX</a> standard for <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>, which is the first implementation outside of Xerox and the first to support 10 Mbit/s speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_1980" title="October 1980">October 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> <ul><li>The Elisabeth <a href="/wiki/Blast_furnace" title="Blast furnace">blast furnace</a> is demolished at <a href="/wiki/Bilston" title="Bilston">Bilston</a> Steelworks, marking the end of iron and steel production in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a> region of the U.K.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a> launches its new <a href="/wiki/Austin_Metro" title="Austin Metro">Metro</a>, a three-door entry-level hatchback which is designed as the eventual replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Mini" title="Mini">Mini</a>. It gives BL a long-awaited modern competitor for the likes of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Fiesta" title="Ford Fiesta">Ford Fiesta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Chevette" title="Vauxhall Chevette">Vauxhall Chevette</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – The 7.1 M<sub>w</sub>  <a href="/wiki/1980_El_Asnam_earthquake" title="1980 El Asnam earthquake">El Asnam earthquake</a> shakes northern <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> with a maximum <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity</a> of X (<i>Extreme</i>), killing 2,633–5,000 and injuring 8,369–9,000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Staggers_Rail_Act" title="Staggers Rail Act">Staggers Rail Act</a> is enacted, deregulating American railroads.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/6th_Congress_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="6th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea">6th Congress of the Workers' Party</a> ends, having anointed North Korean President <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>'s son <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a> as his successor.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a> announces his resignation as leader of the British <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/1980_Australian_federal_election" title="1980 Australian federal election">1980 Australian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Malcolm Fraser</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National Country</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraser_government" title="Fraser government">government</a> is re-elected with a substantially reduced majority, defeating the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Bill Hayden</a>. The Government also loses control of the Senate, with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Democrats" title="Australian Democrats">Australian Democrats</a> winning the balance of power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> <ul><li>Greece rejoins the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> military structure.</li> <li>In continuous production since 1962, the last <a href="/wiki/MG_MGB" title="MG MGB">MG MGB</a> roadster rolls off the assembly line at the <a href="/wiki/Abingdon-on-Thames" title="Abingdon-on-Thames">Abingdon-on-Thames</a> (England) factory, ending production for the <a href="/wiki/MG_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="MG Cars">MG Cars</a> marque.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a>, 4–1, in Game Six of the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> to win the championship.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – Proceedings on the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Convention_on_the_Civil_Aspects_of_International_Child_Abduction" title="Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction">Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction</a> conclude at <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – Six <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> prisoners in <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Maze" title="HM Prison Maze">Maze prison</a> in Northern Ireland refuse food and demand status as <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">political prisoners</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a> lasts until December.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Football_War" title="Football War">Football War</a> before the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish</a> government recognizes <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Pahlavi,_Crown_Prince_of_Iran" title="Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran">Reza Pahlavi</a>, eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">the Shah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, proclaims himself the rightful successor to the <a href="/wiki/Peacock_Throne" title="Peacock Throne">Peacock Throne</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/November_1980" title="November 1980">November 1980</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 United States presidential election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> challenger and former Governor <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> defeats incumbent <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> and is elected the 40th President of the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – Legendary actor <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen" title="Steve McQueen">Steve McQueen</a> dies at the age of 50 of a cardiac arrest after surgery to remove tumours in his neck after previously been diagnosed with lung cancer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager program</a>: The <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> space probe <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyager I">Voyager I</a></i> makes its closest approach to <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>, when it flies within 77,000 miles (124,000 km) of the planet's cloud-tops and sends the first high-resolution images of the world back to scientists on Earth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a> trial begins in China.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/MGM_Grand_fire" title="MGM Grand fire">fire at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip" title="Las Vegas Strip">Las Vegas Strip</a> kills 85 people.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A record number of viewers on this date (for an entertainment program) tune into the U.S. television show <i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_(1978_TV_series)" title="Dallas (1978 TV series)">Dallas</a></i> to learn who shot lead character <a href="/wiki/J._R._Ewing" title="J. R. Ewing">J. R. Ewing</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/Who_shot_J.R.%3F" title="Who shot J.R.?">Who shot J.R.?</a>" event is an international obsession.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – The 6.9 M<sub>w</sub>  <a href="/wiki/1980_Irpinia_earthquake" title="1980 Irpinia earthquake">Irpinia earthquake</a> shakes southern Italy with a maximum <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity</a> of X (<i>Extreme</i>). Officially, there were 2,483 people killed and 8,934 injured, though the deaths may have been as high as 4,900.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1980" title="December 1980">December 1980</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Lennon_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/John_Lennon_portrait.jpg/200px-John_Lennon_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/John_Lennon_portrait.jpg/300px-John_Lennon_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/John_Lennon_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a>: The former <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a> member and peace activist <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> is shot dead outside his home in New York.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – A missionary (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Donovan" title="Jean Donovan">Jean Donovan</a>) and three Roman Catholic nuns (<a href="/wiki/Maura_Clarke" title="Maura Clarke">Maura Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ita_Ford" title="Ita Ford">Ita Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Kazel" title="Dorothy Kazel">Dorothy Kazel</a>), all Americans, are murdered by a military <a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">death squad</a> in <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> while doing charity work during that country's <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_John_Lennon" title="Murder of John Lennon">Murder of John Lennon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mark_David_Chapman" title="Mark David Chapman">Mark David Chapman</a> is arrested following the murder of English musician <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, formerly of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, outside his New York City apartment building, <a href="/wiki/The_Dakota" title="The Dakota">The Dakota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – Four people are murdered and four others are injured by two armed robbers at <a href="/wiki/Bob%27s_Big_Boy" title="Bob's Big Boy">Bob's Big Boy</a> on <a href="/wiki/La_Cienega_Boulevard" title="La Cienega Boulevard">La Cienega Boulevard</a> in Los Angeles, in what is one of the city's most brutal crimes ever.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Academia_de_la_Llingua_Asturiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia de la Llingua Asturiana">Academia de la Llingua Asturiana</a> (Academy of the <a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian language</a>) is created.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – During a summit on the island of <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> decides to raise the price of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> by 10%.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_population">World population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: World population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">World population</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>1980 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Globe.svg/50px-Globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Globe.svg/75px-Globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Globe.svg/100px-Globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>   World </th> <td align="right"><b>4,434,682,000</b> </td> <td align="right">4,068,109,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 366,573,000 </td> <td align="right">4,830,979,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 396,297,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/50px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/75px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/100px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span>   Africa </th> <td align="right"><b>469,618,000</b> </td> <td align="right">408,160,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 61,458,000 </td> <td align="right">541,814,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 72,196,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg/50px-Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg/75px-Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg/100px-Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1529" /></a></span>    Asia </th> <td align="right"><b>2,632,335,000</b> </td> <td align="right">2,397,512,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 234,823,000 </td> <td align="right">2,887,552,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 255,217,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_satellite_orthographic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Europe_satellite_orthographic.jpg/50px-Europe_satellite_orthographic.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Europe_satellite_orthographic.jpg/75px-Europe_satellite_orthographic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Europe_satellite_orthographic.jpg/100px-Europe_satellite_orthographic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="909" /></a></span> Europe </th> <td align="right"><b>692,431,000</b> </td> <td align="right">675,542,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 16,889,000 </td> <td align="right">706,009,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 13,578,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_America_terrain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Latin_America_terrain.jpg/50px-Latin_America_terrain.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Latin_America_terrain.jpg/75px-Latin_America_terrain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Latin_America_terrain.jpg/100px-Latin_America_terrain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> <span style="display:inline-block; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle">Latin America<br />& Caribbean</span> </th> <td align="right"><b>361,401,000</b> </td> <td align="right">321,906,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 39,495,000 </td> <td align="right">401,469,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 40,068,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_(World-Factbook).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28World-Factbook%29.jpg/50px-Oceania_%28World-Factbook%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28World-Factbook%29.jpg/75px-Oceania_%28World-Factbook%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28World-Factbook%29.jpg/100px-Oceania_%28World-Factbook%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5366" data-file-height="3718" /></a></span> Oceania </th> <td align="right"><b>22,828,000</b> </td> <td align="right">21,564,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 1,264,000 </td> <td align="right">24,678,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 1,850,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births_and_deaths">Births and deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births and deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Category:1980_births" title="Category:1980 births">Category:1980 births</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_1980" title="Deaths in 1980">Deaths in 1980</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/100px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/150px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/200px-Nobel_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" class="mw-redirect" title="James Watson Cronin">James Watson Cronin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_D._Snell" class="mw-redirect" title="George D. Snell">George D. Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GJKvcktAQHwC&pg=PA30"><i>Suspension of United States Exports of High Technology and Grain to the Soviet Union: Hearings Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, Second Session, to Assess the Effectiveness of Trade Measures ...</i></a> U.S. Government Printing Office. 1980. pp. 30–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suspension+of+United+States+Exports+of+High+Technology+and+Grain+to+the+Soviet+Union%3A+Hearings+Before+the+Committee+on+Banking%2C+Housing%2C+and+Urban+Affairs%2C+United+States+Senate%2C+Ninety-sixth+Congress%2C+Second+Session%2C+to+Assess+the+Effectiveness+of+Trade+Measures+...&rft.pages=30-&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGJKvcktAQHwC%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF[Anonymous_AC00557303]1980" class="citation book cs1">[Anonymous AC00557303] (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-HDc_x0hOEAC"><i>1980: 4; 1980 : An Encyclopedia of the Events of 1979</i></a>. Grolier. p. 343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0211-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0211-9"><bdi>978-0-7172-0211-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1980%3A+4%3B+1980+%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Events+of+1979&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=Grolier&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0211-9&rft.au=%5BAnonymous+AC00557303%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HDc_x0hOEAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlton1984" class="citation news cs1">Charlton, Linda (November 1, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1119.html">"Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Lake+Placid+1980+Olympic+Winter+Games&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FLake-Placid-1980-Olympic-Winter-Games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Meel1986" class="citation book cs1">Peter Meel (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x-kXAAAAYAAJ"><i>How to Get to Know the Caribbean: A Student's Guide</i></a>. Department of Caribbean Studies, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6718-012-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6718-012-2"><bdi>978-90-6718-012-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Get+to+Know+the+Caribbean%3A+A+Student%27s+Guide&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Department+of+Caribbean+Studies%2C+Royal+Institute+of+Linguistics+and+Anthropology&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-90-6718-012-2&rft.au=Peter+Meel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx-kXAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1VAGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA16"><i>Patterns of International Terrorism, 1980: A Research Paper</i></a>. National Foreign Assessment Center. 1981. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patterns+of+International+Terrorism%2C+1980%3A+A+Research+Paper&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=National+Foreign+Assessment+Center&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1VAGAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/4/newsid_2515000/2515145.stm">"1980: Mugabe to lead independent Zimbabwe"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. March 4, 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1980%3A+Mugabe+to+lead+independent+Zimbabwe&rft.date=1980-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmarch%2F4%2Fnewsid_2515000%2F2515145.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanter" class="citation web cs1">Ranter, Harro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19800314-1">"ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-62 SP-LAA Warszawa-Okecie Airport (WAW)"</a>. <i>aviation-safety.net</i>. <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Safety_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Safety Network">Aviation Safety Network</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051112075535/http://aviation-safety.net:80/database/record.php?id=19800314-1">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Ilyushin+Il-62+SP-LAA+Warszawa-Okecie+Airport+%28WAW%29&rft.aulast=Ranter&rft.aufirst=Harro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19800314-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_CaraccioliJerry_Caraccioli2008" class="citation book cs1">Tom Caraccioli; Jerry Caraccioli (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YGoNAQAAMAAJ"><i>Boycott: Stolen Dreams of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games</i></a>. New Chapter Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-942257-40-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-942257-40-3"><bdi>978-0-942257-40-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boycott%3A+Stolen+Dreams+of+the+1980+Moscow+Olympic+Games&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=New+Chapter+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-942257-40-3&rft.au=Tom+Caraccioli&rft.au=Jerry+Caraccioli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYGoNAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Association1981-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Association1981_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReader's_Digest_Association1981" class="citation book cs1">Reader's Digest Association (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yyAwAAAAMAAJ"><i>Reader's Digest Almanac and Yearbook, 1981</i></a>. Reader's Digest Association. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89577-089-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89577-089-9"><bdi>978-0-89577-089-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reader%27s+Digest+Almanac+and+Yearbook%2C+1981&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest+Association&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-89577-089-9&rft.au=Reader%27s+Digest+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyyAwAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBignell1984" class="citation book cs1">Bignell, Victor (1984). <i>Understanding systems failures</i>. 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Pellegrino (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkOwM7S4dEcC&pg=PA4"><i>The Jesus Family Tomb: The Discovery That Changes History Forever</i></a>. 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Central Intelligence Agency. 1996. p. 219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQY7Ig1HyPi4C%26pg%3DRA1-PA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oBAMAQAAMAAJ"><i>Modern Italy: The difficult democracy</i></a>. Electa. 1985. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788843509157" title="Special:BookSources/9788843509157"><bdi>9788843509157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Italy%3A+The+difficult+democracy&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Electa&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9788843509157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoBAMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_R._Hall2012" class="citation book cs1">Michael R. 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Scarecrow Press. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7810-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7810-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-7810-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Haiti&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7810-5&rft.au=Michael+R.+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3RbzX4PjxtgC%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gPRqc3EicvAC&pg=RA1-PA59"><i>Air University Review</i></a>. Department of the Air Force. 1982. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+University+Review&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Air+Force&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgPRqc3EicvAC%26pg%3DRA1-PA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D4XRAAAAMAAJ"><i>World Review</i></a>. University of Queensland Press. 1983. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Review&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD4XRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UKlmAAAAMAAJ"><i>The World Today</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 1983. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Today&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUKlmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley_N._Fultz2013" class="citation book cs1">Bradley N. Fultz (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Nhuvbb8sS4C&pg=PP6"><i>Finding a Measured Response to Iran's Activities</i></a>. Middle East Studies at the Marine Corps University. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finding+a+Measured+Response+to+Iran%27s+Activities&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Middle+East+Studies+at+the+Marine+Corps+University&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Bradley+N.+Fultz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Nhuvbb8sS4C%26pg%3DPP6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Corbett1986" class="citation book cs1">Robin Corbett (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4rbAAAAMAAJ"><i>Guerrilla Warfare: From 1939 to the Present Day</i></a>. Orbis. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85613-469-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85613-469-2"><bdi>978-0-85613-469-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerrilla+Warfare%3A+From+1939+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Orbis&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-85613-469-2&rft.au=Robin+Corbett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ4rbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEneida_B._Guernica2003" class="citation book cs1">Eneida B. 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IKE Publications. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9675885-1-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9675885-1-3"><bdi>978-0-9675885-1-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cuban+Children+in+Exile+and+Their+Families%3A+In+and+Out+of+Cuba--&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=IKE+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9675885-1-3&rft.au=Eneida+B.+Guernica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqt26AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_BreyerSean_Riley1999" class="citation book cs1">Robert Breyer; Sean Riley (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DBJHAAAAYAAJ"><i>Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet</i></a>. MacMillan Technical Pub. p. 559. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57870-073-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57870-073-8"><bdi>978-1-57870-073-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Switched%2C+Fast%2C+and+Gigabit+Ethernet&rft.pages=559&rft.pub=MacMillan+Technical+Pub.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57870-073-8&rft.au=Robert+Breyer&rft.au=Sean+Riley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDBJHAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/GB149_P_915/">"Black Country History"</a>. <i>BlackCountryHistory.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015050/http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/GB149_P_915/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BlackCountryHistory.org&rft.atitle=Black+Country+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackcountryhistory.org%2Fcollections%2Fgetrecord%2FGB149_P_915%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim1982" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Nam-Sik (Spring–Summer 1982). 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Triumph Books. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63319-471-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63319-471-7"><bdi>978-1-63319-471-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fightin%27+Phillies%3A+100+Years+of+Philadelphia+Baseball+from+the+Whiz+Kids+to+the+Misfits&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Triumph+Books&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-63319-471-7&rft.au=Larry+Shenk&rft.au=Larry+Andersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzgr8CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Lawrance2002" class="citation book cs1">Alan Lawrance (September 11, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a7mGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA104"><i>China Under Communism</i></a>. Routledge. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-74792-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-74792-4"><bdi>978-1-134-74792-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Under+Communism&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-09-11&rft.isbn=978-1-134-74792-4&rft.au=Alan+Lawrance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da7mGAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TwVcDLZM1HkC&pg=PA237"><i>Fire and the Environment: Ecological and Cultural Perspectives : Proceedings of an International Symposium, Knoxville, Tennessee, March 20-24, 1990</i></a>. Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1991. p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+and+the+Environment%3A+Ecological+and+Cultural+Perspectives+%3A+Proceedings+of+an+International+Symposium%2C+Knoxville%2C+Tennessee%2C+March+20-24%2C+1990&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Southeastern+Forest+Experiment+Station&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTwVcDLZM1HkC%26pg%3DPA237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JZAVAQAAIAAJ"><i>Annali di geofisica</i></a>. Istituto nazionale di geofisica. 2007. p. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annali+di+geofisica&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Istituto+nazionale+di+geofisica&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJZAVAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2P4GG6IlvwAC&pg=PA1366"><i>American Foreign Policy Current Documents</i></a>. Department of State. 1982. p. 1366.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Foreign+Policy+Current+Documents&rft.pages=1366&rft.pub=Department+of+State&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2P4GG6IlvwAC%26pg%3DPA1366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadlerSager1980" class="citation news cs1">Wadler, Joyce; Sager, Mike (December 10, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/12/10/i-just-shot-john-lennon-he-said-coolly/41d37bda-f5dd-4133-b9eb-4bf40935ae78/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I Just Shot John Lennon', He Said Coolly"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27I+Just+Shot+John+Lennon%27%2C+He+Said+Coolly&rft.date=1980-12-10&rft.aulast=Wadler&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft.au=Sager%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1980%2F12%2F10%2Fi-just-shot-john-lennon-he-said-coolly%2F41d37bda-f5dd-4133-b9eb-4bf40935ae78%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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