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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cooperation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cooperation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cooperation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_United_Nations_(UN)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_United_Nations_(UN)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The United Nations (UN)</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Australian Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Australia-China_Science_and_Research_Fund_(ACSRF)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Australia-China_Science_and_Research_Fund_(ACSRF)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>The Australia-China Science and Research Fund (ACSRF)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Australia-China_Science_and_Research_Fund_(ACSRF)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queensland_Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queensland_Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Queensland Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queensland_Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_National_Research_Council_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_National_Research_Council_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>The National Research Council Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_National_Research_Council_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Innovation_Fund_Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innovation_Fund_Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Innovation Fund Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Innovation_Fund_Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supported_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supported_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Supported projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Supported_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Supported projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Supported_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chronic_kidney_disease_survey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronic_kidney_disease_survey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Chronic kidney disease survey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronic_kidney_disease_survey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plasma_Surface_Metallurgy_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plasma_Surface_Metallurgy_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Plasma Surface Metallurgy project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plasma_Surface_Metallurgy_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coal_energy_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coal_energy_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Coal energy development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coal_energy_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Before 2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>After 2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Future</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerium_f%C3%BCr_Wissenschaft_und_Technologie_(China)" title="Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Technologie (China) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Technologie (China)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerio_de_Ciencia_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_(Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China)" title="Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (República Popular China) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (República Popular China)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0%EB%B6%80" title="중화인민공화국 과학기술부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중화인민공화국 과학기술부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kementerian_Sains_dan_Teknologi_Republik_Rakyat_Tiongkok" title="Kementerian Sains dan Teknologi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kementerian Sains dan Teknologi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%A0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Министерство за наука и технологија на НР Кина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Министерство за наука и технологија на НР Кина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E9%83%A8" title="中華人民共和国科学技術部 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華人民共和国科学技術部" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%A0" title="Министерство науки и технологий КНР – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Министерство науки и технологий КНР" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_v%C3%A0_C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_(Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c)" title="Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ (Trung Quốc) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ (Trung Quốc)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Government ministry of the People's Republic of China</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中华人民共和国科学技术部</span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Kēxué Jìshùbù</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(20201017152657).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%2820201017152657%29.jpg/220px-Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%2820201017152657%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%2820201017152657%29.jpg/330px-Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%2820201017152657%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%2820201017152657%29.jpg/440px-Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%2820201017152657%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span><br />Ministry headquarters</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1958<span class="noprint">; 66 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1958</span>)</span> (as Commission)<br />1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1998</span>)</span> (as Ministry)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">State Science and Technology Commission</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministries of the People's Republic of China">Constituent Department of the State Council</a> (cabinet-level executive department)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$51 billion (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister responsible</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Yin_Hejun" title="Yin Hejun">Yin Hejun</a>, Minister of Science and Technology</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Science_and_Technology_Commission" title="Central Science and Technology Commission">Central Science and Technology Commission</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.most.gov.cn/">en<wbr />.most<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839875#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ministry of Science and Technology</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministries of the People's Republic of China">executive department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Science_and_Technology_Commission" title="Central Science and Technology Commission">Central Science and Technology Commission</a>, which coordinates science and technology activities in the country. The office is located in <a href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. </p><p>The ministry is responsible for formulating guidelines and related policies for <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">science and technology in China development</a> and promoting basic and special research on science and technology. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The predecessor of MOST was the National Technical Committee established at the 28th Plenary Session of the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> in 1956. It merged with the Scientific Planning Commission to form the State Science and Technology Commission in 1958. </p><p>The commission was abolished in 1970, but was re-established in March 1978. The commission was renamed to the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China at the <a href="/wiki/9th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="9th National People's Congress">9th National People's Congress</a> in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-chinese_developmental_state_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinese_developmental_state-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the Ministry of Science and Technology was approved for restructuring at the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a>, where 15 ministries were merged, reorganized, or abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-Natrue_News_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Natrue_News-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most significant departmental adjustment was the merger of the <a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Science_Foundation_of_China" title="National Natural Science Foundation of China">National Natural Science Foundation of China</a> (NSFC) into the Ministry of Science and Technology. The NSFC is a semi-autonomous research funding agency that provided about $4.7 billion in funding to 120,000 research projects in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-University_World_News_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_World_News-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Experts_Affairs" title="State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs">State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs</a> (SAFEA) was also merged into the Ministry of Science and Technology.<sup id="cite_ref-University_World_News_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_World_News-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The merger of this department reflected China's intention to invest more in global research cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-The_World_Academy_of_Sciences_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World_Academy_of_Sciences-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the Ministry was further reformed, with several responsibilities transferred to other departments. The Ministry would no longer take part in evaluating and managing specific research projects, instead playing a mainly supervisory and guiding role, as well as overseeing the implementation of scientific research projects and evaluating their results.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, several organizations under the Ministry were transferred to other departments; the SAFEA was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resources_and_Social_Security" title="Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security">Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security</a>, the China Rural Technology Development Center was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs">Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a>, the China Biotechnology Development Center was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">National Health Commission</a>, and the China Agenda 21 Management Center and the High Technology Research and Development Center were placed under the <a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Science_Foundation_of_China" title="National Natural Science Foundation of China">National Natural Science Foundation of China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_ministers">List of ministers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wan_Gang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Wan_Gang.jpg/154px-Wan_Gang.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Wan_Gang.jpg/231px-Wan_Gang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Wan_Gang.jpg/308px-Wan_Gang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wan_Gang" title="Wan Gang">Wan Gang</a>, the 6th Minister of Science and Technology of China.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Took office</th> <th>Left office </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="coral"><b>Director of State Science and Technology Commission</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a></td> <td>1958</td> <td>1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="lightgrey"><i>post abolished</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fang_Yi" title="Fang Yi">Fang Yi</a></td> <td>March 1978</td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_Jian" title="Song Jian">Song Jian</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td>March 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="coral"><b>Minister of Science and Technology</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Lilan" title="Zhu Lilan">Zhu Lilan</a></td> <td>March 1998</td> <td>28 February 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xu_Guanhua" title="Xu Guanhua">Xu Guanhua</a></td> <td>28 February 2001</td> <td>27 April 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wan_Gang" title="Wan Gang">Wan Gang</a></td> <td>27 April 2007</td> <td>19 March 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhigang" title="Wang Zhigang">Wang Zhigang</a></td> <td>19 March 2018</td> <td>24 October 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yin_Hejun" title="Yin Hejun">Yin Hejun</a> </td> <td>24 October 2023 </td> <td>Incumbent </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooperation">Cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Workshop_between_China_and_Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Workshop_between_China_and_Chile.jpg/220px-Workshop_between_China_and_Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Workshop_between_China_and_Chile.jpg/330px-Workshop_between_China_and_Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Workshop_between_China_and_Chile.jpg/440px-Workshop_between_China_and_Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Cooperation between MOST and Chile</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_United_Nations_(UN)"><span id="The_United_Nations_.28UN.29"></span>The United Nations (UN)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The United Nations (UN)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2017, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a> (UN DESA) reached an agreement with the goal of strengthening knowledge sharing, capacity building and cooperation in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> among countries. In addition, Mr. <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenmin" title="Liu Zhenmin">Liu Zhenmin</a>, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, said that DESA and MOST signed a memorandum of understanding to encourage developing countries to conduct joint research in the field of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">green technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-United_Nations_Collaborating_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_Collaborating-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_World_Academy_of_Sciences_(TWAS)"><span id="The_World_Academy_of_Sciences_.28TWAS.29"></span>The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2019, TWAS Executive Director <a href="/wiki/Romain_Murenzi" title="Romain Murenzi">Romain Murenzi</a> held talks with <a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhigang" title="Wang Zhigang">Wang Zhigang</a>, Minister of MOST, to discuss issues such as jointly advancing scientific development in the <a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">global South</a>. Murenzi said that the cooperative relationship between China and TWAS began 35 years ago at the beginning of TWAS establishment, and proposed to strengthen more scientific exchanges and cooperation with the Ministry of Science and Technology of China in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-The_World_Academy_of_Sciences_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World_Academy_of_Sciences-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union_(EU)"><span id="European_Union_.28EU.29"></span>European Union (EU)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: European Union (EU)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology established a scientific cooperation program with the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> (CE), with the goal of conducting joint projects in scientific research areas of mutual interest. On December 16, 2015, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China launched a call for proposals. MOST will provide 200 million <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> annually to support the cooperation between <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> partners in various fields. The main supported scientific research fields are <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-EU_collaboration_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU_collaboration-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_Government">Australian Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Australian Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Australia-China_Science_and_Research_Fund_(ACSRF)"><span id="The_Australia-China_Science_and_Research_Fund_.28ACSRF.29"></span>The Australia-China Science and Research Fund (ACSRF)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Australia-China Science and Research Fund (ACSRF)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This fund is jointly managed by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian government">Australian government</a>, and mainly supports strategic scientific and technological cooperation between Australia and China. The priority research fields supported by ACSRF are the fields of food and agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Health_technology" title="Health technology">health technology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>. ACSRF will also fund the establishment of joint research centers, hold special scientific lectures and conduct exchange programs for young <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Australia_collaboration_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australia_collaboration-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Queensland_Government">Queensland Government</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Queensland Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government" title="Queensland Government">Queensland government</a> was the first state in Australia to sign a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> with the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, originally signed in 2008 and renewed in 2014. It covers cooperation in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> technology, <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a>, advanced materials, <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>, agriculture, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Queensland_collaboration_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Queensland_collaboration-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_National_Research_Council_Canada">The National Research Council Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The National Research Council Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2016, representatives from the <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_Canada" title="National Research Council Canada">National Research Council of Canada</a> and MOST signed a letter of intent to support collaboration and funding in scientific and technological innovation. Vice President of the Industrial Research Assistance Program at the National Research Council of Canada Mr. Bogdan Ciobanu said that this agreement provides channels for Canadian <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">Small and medium-sized enterprises</a> to cooperate, fund, and promote with their Chinese counterparts and explain that this partnership will increase the global presence of <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Canada" title="List of companies of Canada">Canadian companies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_collaboration_with_MOST_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_collaboration_with_MOST-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Innovation_Fund_Denmark">Innovation Fund Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Innovation Fund Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, MOST and Innovation Fund Denmark carried out bilateral cooperation on <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_city" title="Sustainable city">sustainable city</a> development solutions. In this project, Innovation Fund Denmark will allocate 15 million <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a>, and MOST will allocate 20 million <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> to support four to five joint innovation research projects. The background of this cooperation is that both parties want to contribute to sustainable urban development, and the priority areas for funding are <a href="/wiki/Energy_storage" title="Energy storage">energy storage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">smart city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Denmark_collaboration_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denmark_collaboration-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supported_projects">Supported projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Supported projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronic_kidney_disease_survey">Chronic kidney disease survey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chronic kidney disease survey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The survey is a nationwide <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> survey supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and a total of 50,500 adults were invited to conduct the survey. The background of this survey is that the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease" title="Chronic kidney disease">chronic kidney disease</a> in <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a> is relatively high,<sup id="cite_ref-Chronic_kidney_disease_in_the_developing_countries_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronic_kidney_disease_in_the_developing_countries-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there is no such related survey in China. To specifically analyse the factors related to chronic kidney disease, this survey uses <a href="/wiki/Logistic_regression" title="Logistic regression">logistic regression</a>. </p><p>The survey concluded that the estimated prevalence of chronic kidney disease in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> is similar to that in developed countries such as the United States and Norway. However, the prevalence of stage 3 and stage 4 chronic kidney disease is lower than the prevalence in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. </p><p>Researchers speculate that the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> in China has increased rapidly in the past 20 years. Therefore, the prevalence of stage 3 and stage 4 chronic kidney disease will gradually increase in the next decade. The final result shows that chronic kidney disease has become one of the most important public health problems in China, and it needs more attention in rural areas with the poor <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plasma_Surface_Metallurgy_project">Plasma Surface Metallurgy project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Plasma Surface Metallurgy project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MOST has corresponding support in material research in 2018.The main research direction of this project is the plasma surface <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> technique. The research has developed an alloy material that can withstand the requirements of industrial applications above 800 °C and has oxidation resistance. This <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloy</a> material will contribute to China's <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> industry and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coal_energy_development">Coal energy development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Coal energy development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coal_Balance_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coal_Balance_China.svg/220px-Coal_Balance_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coal_Balance_China.svg/330px-Coal_Balance_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coal_Balance_China.svg/440px-Coal_Balance_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Coal_Balance_China</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 2005, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China has formulated the main development direction of China's medium and long-term national energy is the new <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> chemical industry, to reduce environmental pollution and dependence on imported crude oil.<sup id="cite_ref-chinese_developmental_state_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinese_developmental_state-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-china_chemical_coal_energy_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china_chemical_coal_energy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Before_2005">Before 2005</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Before 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of China's energy was produced by burning <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>. This method of coal utilization would produce a lot of harmful gases, which directly led to the world's top ten polluted cities all in China, and huge economic losses. Since 2005, under the strategy of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the energy consumption and industrial scale of the coal chemical industry have increased year by year. This strategy is expected to reduce China's air <a href="/wiki/Pollution_in_China" title="Pollution in China">pollution</a> and efficient utilization of coal and other issues.<sup id="cite_ref-china_coal_energy_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china_coal_energy-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="After_2010">After 2010</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: After 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChineseCoalPower_opt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ChineseCoalPower_opt.jpg/220px-ChineseCoalPower_opt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ChineseCoalPower_opt.jpg/330px-ChineseCoalPower_opt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ChineseCoalPower_opt.jpg/440px-ChineseCoalPower_opt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>ChineseCoalPower_opt</figcaption></figure> <p>An article published in Renewable & sustainable energy reviews in 2015 pointed out that China's energy consumption and production in 2010 were greater than the early forecasts of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. China's energy consumption has grown rapidly from 6% to 20% of the <a href="/wiki/World_energy_supply_and_consumption" title="World energy supply and consumption">world's energy consumption</a> in 30 years. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions have risen from 8 percent of the world's total to 24 percent in 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-china_energy_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china_energy-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These facts prove that the new coal chemical industry promoted by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China in 2005 has not freed China from problems such as excessive energy consumption and air pollution. The main reason for the wrong direction of the national <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> development strategy is that the Ministry of Science and Technology of China incorrectly estimated the modern per capita living energy consumption. In the context of <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high tech</a> development, China's per capita living energy consumption is on average 50% higher than a decade ago. <sup id="cite_ref-china_chemical_coal_energy_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china_chemical_coal_energy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Future">Future</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is speculated that the future <a href="/wiki/Energy_development" title="Energy development">energy development</a> strategy formulated by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China will consist of three parts, namely improving energy efficiency, using more non-coal energy, and promoting national energy conservation. As for the specific energy development strategy, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China has not officially issued a statement.<sup id="cite_ref-china_chemical_coal_energy_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china_chemical_coal_energy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_energy_vision_and_technology_roadmap" title="Hydrogen energy vision and technology roadmap">Hydrogen energy vision and technology roadmap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Daily" title="Science and Technology Daily">Science and Technology Daily</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinapower.csis.org/making-sense-of-chinas-government-budget/">"Making Sense of China's Government Budget"</a>. 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:State Council of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:State Council of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/29px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/38px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Incumbent (<a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a>): <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Cabinet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government#Li's_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Executivemeeting" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive<br />meeting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Ministers in charge of ministries/commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">Auditor-General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(China)" title="Ministry of Education (China)">Education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Industry and Information Technology">Industry and Information Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ethnic_Affairs_Commission" title="National Ethnic Affairs Commission">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Public Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">State Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(China)" title="Ministry of Finance (China)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resources_and_Social_Security" title="Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security">Human Resources and Social Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_(China)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources (China)">Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ecology_and_Environment" title="Ministry of Ecology and Environment">Ecology and Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(China)" title="Ministry of Transport (China)">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources_(China)" title="Ministry of Water Resources (China)">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Culture and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Emergency_Management" title="Ministry of Emergency Management">Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">People's Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">Audit Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_State_Council" title="General Office of the State Council">General Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Special_Organization_directly_under_the_State_Council" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Special</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission_of_the_State_Council" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council">State Assets</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Organizations_directly_under_the_State_Council" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Affiliated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Customs" title="General Administration of Customs">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Taxation_Administration" title="State Taxation Administration">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Market_Regulation" title="State Administration for Market Regulation">Market Regulation</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/State_Anti-Monopoly_Bureau" title="State Anti-Monopoly Bureau">Anti-Monopoly</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Standardization_Administration_of_China" title="Standardization Administration of China">Standardization</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification_and_Accreditation_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Certification and Accreditation Administration (page does not exist)">Cert. & Accred.</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Financial_Regulatory_Administration" title="National Financial Regulatory Administration">Financial Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Securities_Regulatory_Commission" title="China Securities Regulatory Commission">Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">Radio and TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Sport_of_China" title="General Administration of Sport of China">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Complaints_and_Proposals_Administration" title="National Public Complaints and Proposals Administration">Complaints & Proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Intellectual_Property_Administration" title="China National Intellectual Property Administration">Intellectual Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">International Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Healthcare_Security_Administration" title="National Healthcare Security Administration">Healthcare Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counsellors%27_Office" title="Counsellors' Office">Counsellors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_Offices_Administration" title="National Government Offices Administration">Government Offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Press_and_Publication_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Press and Publication Administration">Press and Publication</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">(☭ Publicity Dept.)</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Affairs_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Religious Affairs Administration">Religious</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">☭ United Front Dept.</a>)</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Administrative_Offices_of_the_State_Council" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Offices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Research_Office" title="State Council Research Office">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macao_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office">Hong Kong and Macao</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macao_Work_Office" title="Hong Kong and Macao Work Office">☭ Leading Group</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Office">Overseas Chinese</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">☭ United Front Dept.</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">☭ Leading Group</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">☭ Cyberspace</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">Information</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">☭ Publicity</a>)</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Institutions_directly_under_the_State_Council" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_Research_Center_of_the_State_Council" title="Development Research Center of the State Council">Development Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">Meteorology</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Academies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Chinese Academy of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Governance" title="National Academy of Governance">Governance</a> <small>(<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Central_Party_School" title="Central Party School">☭ Central Party School</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#State_Administrations_and_Bureaus_administrated_by_ministry-level_agencies" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Bureaus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Food_and_Strategic_Reserves_Administration" title="National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration">Food and Strategic Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Energy Administration">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Data_Administration" title="National Data Administration">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Science,_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defense" title="State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense">Defense Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Tobacco" title="China Tobacco">Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Forestry_and_Grassland_Administration" title="National Forestry and Grassland Administration">Forestry and Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Railway_Administration" title="National Railway Administration">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Administration_of_China" title="Civil Aviation Administration of China">Civil Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Post_Bureau" title="State Post Bureau">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cultural_Heritage_Administration" title="National Cultural Heritage Administration">Cultural Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention">Disease Control</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mine_Safety_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Mine Safety Administration (page does not exist)">Mine Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_and_Rescue_Administration" title="National Fire and Rescue Administration">Fire & Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Exchange" title="State Administration of Foreign Exchange">Foreign Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Medical_Products_Administration" title="National Medical Products Administration">Medical Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">State Secrets</a><sup>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Secrecy_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Secrecy Commission (page does not exist)">☭ Secrecy Comm.</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Administration_of_China" title="National Archives Administration of China">National Archives <small>(<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> ☭ Central Archives</small>)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Civil_Service_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Civil Service Administration (page does not exist)">Civil Service</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">☭ Org. Dept.</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Cryptography_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Cryptography Administration (page does not exist)">Cryptography</a><sup>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Cryptography_Work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Cryptography Work (page does not exist)">☭ Leading Group</a>)</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> = <a href="/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China">Central People's Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">constitutionally</a> since <a href="/wiki/1954_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="☭">☭</a> denotes <a href="/wiki/One_institution_with_two_names" title="One institution with two names">name reserved by Communist Party agencies</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839875#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839875#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839875#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403691054">ISNI</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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