CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "stackoverflow.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92a075c6189940ba',cH: 'IeauNUuZcUlTUvRFGu0oBEZPC7Ysu0K4KBxWOUbFSRM-1743598311-1.2.1.1-_IqK0SumzoMgDNyfE9pAvLB984Fr3eXAA9UPkQkeJIVOWoAjJXQeYmpnKX6qAhHM',cUPMDTk: "\/questions\/tagged\/perl?__cf_chl_tk=2qE6ycq7EhToXVT2j54Ps.VSgWCFCmA_ib9VCLfKVl0-1743598311-1.0.1.1-g_mMn71sMx1.BdjiT_neV_iA9DJGA7d0IvgWHgVuFCw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743598311',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/questions\/tagged\/perl?__cf_chl_f_tk=2qE6ycq7EhToXVT2j54Ps.VSgWCFCmA_ib9VCLfKVl0-1743598311-1.0.1.1-g_mMn71sMx1.BdjiT_neV_iA9DJGA7d0IvgWHgVuFCw",md: "g7KryW7Xagb5cZgIM_y_.qIcGb0BlBq7_rnOHozNxT0-1743598311-1.2.1.1-etUlmsSD0LxAfohMua8w.09r_EDJSRgSSfFlnE74erN8opG3iTA8r3eZ2bmCGUYKQPFbw0p5s1VAf2gx585AcZQdVlW2gqQ41LIubTX6YkRhaWwUdkO6T3qfqNxxlRqnc7umLWPNzQnkHPH_ocjCf9w5bRc4DkXXHOQs9VdwVMvgJiZPllDk1Wrj2cuFLOEbzXWoj0vlLsma1IUYIV8R51fOlEMnJnBobxroAGPSSGnffuZqnX1YC_hT8yL.8wzRbbmOaiFKgWP4bolBEtzI3gvhJGtCIljxnwUJ1XuinM6IYwUa5Uy.7DP_9.7Zafc911em5Dzh.2XmAc293eG1iHadDKnBX5C1mCJ4tK9.xBdW1Znrm2aQDtpNwpvJs2HozhoEuZZEmyzOkcY6IShyVZy5o2RU_fRxDCr.6sN08P2l2QBXBhB_rGJPTqbw8b4K61dXLa8DOIiIdXPMdce4kkLTu63x9GWmOWgxQDD7dtGOkB6h6Je9OqjFTnqUs2jwskSSmVHNkvFqIb2IMS8gj6ZA4z.S2oViQyKo584ytpI5nTtlDEk79odtVR0_lUUg2vFqQosBE5rStcHyzDckpxfaJlV4RyF19dME1lYDoePRYGyh7QzTXCzbuqqB9IO3cQvD6veWqFSNmhsdbOMOp4jKoqArHm4DWpZBb8ht_yO6Gl8IRPoYQZ5s_7fIeEwWBMsap6pGZ0f7gMY_nhp6NSTLpgvRWH4rntwrKOfcnWjcLaC1VCkMnlRaXosvv9YUcNC4_OCly7AY8bSlf2E661IhHUWgHkmKZ9BK.hKbq6BqZjSHrCTRAsNzjPANDWGUPPhjbGfgTzRGI_DQLfmieIHRjGj4mK1KPt2q5jv.R3eTIKpkFzOvTBrG9OB2jjZfxI9aLh0Tb3LXkZvOLkyHsRK_RB_WOhtPxkj8PQlsIJ3UpE1Bd0Esvl69Qyyd5GdMETJWf0WB_VrEy7_quIUq89J8EPB1eRN63iRuk10AmfYosQUpd4qrND5494OwjXRFNuG3q4RpILp8c1Kl8ZAHaxJ_7LiNbqebVsDciZAsjUIkZEwM02q1cnVvHkzVIKBLiN_qIfzsChq2gXz0YaIsm9FbtpyjbXdnNn2CxVkp3FD1a7MXWRS8dVsTQ__8npBKd2m3s7Ug3zBITcpNzLvW6Q31z0v.AaT4qohN4iyrxmv8bOowGcOUovTLHQvpszx_ptJues_20nm6z7oBbpLXp1XNgAnRI1YOU9bsIdzZjhU929EaRosrNsMAD3bePug_",mdrd: "DRck7kA6wBCwNUznnKTR_fp9H40MZJ4ExwwZ4YJhYNo-1743598311-1.2.1.1-mPHm6fUiAX2_al5D9HjZ5nSRMqKk1bosUYU0bQENXvJ2Wr5plqd1gWra9njvqbwEX3PS2tXnF3ve.2O7qqgZE6zrq9dKYF0uFDoqVnzJhEI23_NZ51pxEC8i9ZeEDGHZuMBTW._Jjn9My0MjplRnp7rn0h_k2SJaAuGySBTv3dKW.Zybmgab4U25OaN7quqwFg5gLVvgsN0lWsWcUTOx8NcP1BWPOOpTKI5V1Z0xmDwjlV2YitmFEozSOS.6df_9rk0B0NKJphO_iHqOuLY8z._vdVx4yDTHs031YUXltFDkhlfJiJbvWlxze4cKLzgj1vbSkMNVfJLPg7cLnyY9p2AIRWOlzqf.xz1Oi_K2u7P0uBGctCkZFjGQoKj6eHgNYz1.g.rqjQ30gm0pbfIc62O65A9z3pD2ysq_aUYJui1VttMxJ84g1NCR7mtbuaUbCC6aTnZnNYgPgWdZmW9MjRVFh0LFOo8Eo88WEfsLbm_rNrode4DrI0QMaFAKTJ6yXFbz7.StaIgnGL8NNF8S08wKBtlBsD1LsvEKMsGGksFejRh5D_f_4XDYVRomIzc93qSmPBQRSXwye433kofRffefoWMLsUsre5nBxSRNBXG2fDYPP.WRWTyd3WB20Cupqw_r4yE4xYavbFdMrWF4jlXQbQYZVIlo8o6wcI4Uo2TkdWpI_Pb50_QiomSOzs.0FB67ieT1ZHPEu9Hf6LWxPZn4irDjgDEzES032dRChGrCDW0ne4CY9PATeb9fjn.kHvPQCK_HrUpS2Na8TXdzOJBxCCSkmcJG9fua_2hMVwtM1eKhDOZTPob3AhTEKQCmNBcYJtFp679J1.RBCfZwf4Pr_JUCdhurJCD7odvVJ.vWhsMsybPLqi2Kq1Sgg9E1eGleFMDpX5ulZY4DmvIUapeE_6KAcNUK6BgRUmF_HFz.tT8Q.R1RLpJ0RlfSnz.SVsLZNu3H8ce.sb5YWmRyOPmDEKNpDbBboEqVtXI._2Nza5kTk8X91Sx7dWJVQmb6qbvabsDmLFGQWPUORjeylCfopYavD7snr9qCP5ndrRo43y6xAwUYLC9APyS09VX_EPMeepPbeofuKG5WQGX6bFoLeACgkbvldpYi0hYGiGhaoVtxx4qkXbBbgt7rLW95QKhlueS_4dtpR29qYVWnZ6hlNu.fZyyvR5AOwJtTCmQTgFYNVZ8BPuVASqgKtPKjExEZZVGHnXBx8uAxYE2KIvXXCW54sdoUT74DuYmGKLCFB13W9rquQg.qWx2UE.DB9s3uuwI_ZSVrOLyZ.39Py22yLjhzQpWs15hCSdu_aOTV58JQfsZz2sUyaUJJY7yulJzikGvjlX1TVWRqJSAKXnjJGKz1OIiwWcVk3SI0viNmReRmCHJFHf_7BNMrBLfMdcdZ5BQu7J.c8RdKE8MmaznrzikH5guCEiZ.qlQ2O_J_3gYGX9uV0s8AIzXTpgh4bCmA..Fj1YdXlcpHf7yq0CKjgSugc8BSLtQBPWcMmN_nn8fsobbsKq7gSOThek9KJWxxnPh2Aij_2RGsZWvkdsJZa7RWQ2aWIhH0Vz2e5wcV1UbTeuYGwAeZjU8gHSC4YyvcNghPqrvD2HiyEDR2PFQnl4X8CCihIbltH2iwg21vTrN_ryKed3pFjqEZYc3ZWpK.wRZ4sPwBiisObKekhP_kMsHqm_6b_TR6Fdl2XzGtxhr5xx.Amx63FMlkkTjkSlsgRkPinfGVhbyT8fsE2jNZNPXnbg4Xv_6CWgSZf_HnbkMLxUyCIIoL0CkPfTM_quh9dVVhIyqhgDc_xn41.mFNEh01cX2zEyLOuDgsDuuIMj8esdWO8usP.ziMdBm8g_c9QHZMVU_VMTh8sia95PdG6ffTDSysHiGGOtSyEsXh5W7zaQmS5Ka141EjxvR8SxKGlJato9ijgDUc.0BT48hdFWCX4683QXW3m4I5U9R_IMWi5MTgzbdQBTq6PEPBMMIck3LCT4QrE0dvq3Yjok1DObLWxVvE92.OZTDOGq8D0x.AP9CDX0RB8WRFOs8sCqIeLa2vGtTsqyTiyIkseQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92a075c6189940ba';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/questions\/tagged\/perl?__cf_chl_rt_tk=2qE6ycq7EhToXVT2j54Ps.VSgWCFCmA_ib9VCLfKVl0-1743598311-1.0.1.1-g_mMn71sMx1.BdjiT_neV_iA9DJGA7d0IvgWHgVuFCw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>