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<div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Nama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pembentukan,_1999–2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembentukan,_1999–2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pembentukan, 1999–2006 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembentukan,_1999–2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_Islam_Irak,_2006–13" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_Islam_Irak,_2006–13"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Negara Islam Irak, 2006–13 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negara_Islam_Irak,_2006–13-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perang_Saudara_Suriah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perang_Saudara_Suriah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Perang Saudara Suriah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perang_Saudara_Suriah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam,_2013–14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam,_2013–14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Negara Islam Irak dan Syam, 2013–14 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam,_2013–14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_Islam,_2014–sekarang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_Islam,_2014–sekarang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Negara Islam, 2014–sekarang </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negara_Islam,_2014–sekarang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideologi_dan_kepercayaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideologi_dan_kepercayaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ideologi dan kepercayaan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideologi_dan_kepercayaan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Ideologi dan kepercayaan </button> <ul id="toc-Ideologi_dan_kepercayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eskatologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eskatologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Eskatologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eskatologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tujuan_dan_strategi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tujuan_dan_strategi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Tujuan dan strategi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tujuan_dan_strategi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Tujuan dan strategi </button> <ul id="toc-Tujuan_dan_strategi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tujuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tujuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Tujuan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tujuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Strategi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misi_kekhalifahan_dunia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misi_kekhalifahan_dunia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Misi kekhalifahan dunia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Misi_kekhalifahan_dunia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Misi kekhalifahan dunia </button> <ul id="toc-Misi_kekhalifahan_dunia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klaim_wilayah_dan_perluasan_internasional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klaim_wilayah_dan_perluasan_internasional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Klaim wilayah dan perluasan internasional </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klaim_wilayah_dan_perluasan_internasional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provinsi_Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinsi_Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Provinsi Libya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinsi_Libya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinsi_Sinai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinsi_Sinai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Provinsi Sinai </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinsi_Sinai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinsi_Aljazair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinsi_Aljazair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Provinsi Aljazair </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinsi_Aljazair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinsi_Khorasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinsi_Khorasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 Provinsi Khorasan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinsi_Khorasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinsi_Yaman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinsi_Yaman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.5 Provinsi Yaman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinsi_Yaman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinsi_Afrika_Barat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinsi_Afrika_Barat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.6 Provinsi Afrika Barat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinsi_Afrika_Barat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinsi_Kaukasus_Utara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinsi_Kaukasus_Utara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.7 Provinsi Kaukasus Utara </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinsi_Kaukasus_Utara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_Tenggara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_Tenggara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.8 Asia Tenggara </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_Tenggara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wilayah_operasi_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wilayah_operasi_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Wilayah operasi lainnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wilayah_operasi_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kepemimpinan_dan_pemerintahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kepemimpinan_dan_pemerintahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Kepemimpinan dan pemerintahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kepemimpinan_dan_pemerintahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_keuangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_keuangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Sistem keuangan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistem_keuangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-pejuang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-pejuang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Non-pejuang </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-pejuang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militer_dan_sumber_daya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militer_dan_sumber_daya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Militer dan sumber daya </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Militer_dan_sumber_daya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Militer dan sumber daya </button> <ul id="toc-Militer_dan_sumber_daya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Militer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Militer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pejuang_asing_di_Suriah_dan_Irak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pejuang_asing_di_Suriah_dan_Irak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Pejuang asing di Suriah dan Irak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pejuang_asing_di_Suriah_dan_Irak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senjata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senjata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Senjata </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senjata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senjata_konvensional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senjata_konvensional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Senjata konvensional </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senjata_konvensional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senjata_non-konvensional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senjata_non-konvensional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Senjata non-konvensional </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senjata_non-konvensional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propaganda_dan_media_sosial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propaganda_dan_media_sosial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Propaganda dan media sosial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propaganda_dan_media_sosial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anonymous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anonymous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Anonymous </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anonymous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendanaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendanaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Pendanaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendanaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pendapatan_minyak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendapatan_minyak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Pendapatan minyak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendapatan_minyak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penjualan_barang_antik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penjualan_barang_antik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.2 Penjualan barang antik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penjualan_barang_antik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pajak_dan_pemerasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pajak_dan_pemerasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.3 Pajak dan pemerasan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pajak_dan_pemerasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perdagangan_narkotika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perdagangan_narkotika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.4 Perdagangan narkotika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perdagangan_narkotika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pertanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.5 Pertanian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumbangan_Arab_Saudi_dan_negara-negara_Teluk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumbangan_Arab_Saudi_dan_negara-negara_Teluk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.6 Sumbangan Arab Saudi dan negara-negara Teluk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumbangan_Arab_Saudi_dan_negara-negara_Teluk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendukung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendukung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Pendukung </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pendukung-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Pendukung </button> <ul id="toc-Pendukung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Warga_Irak_dan_Suriah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warga_Irak_dan_Suriah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Warga Irak dan Suriah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warga_Irak_dan_Suriah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warga_asing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warga_asing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Warga asing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warga_asing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelompok_pendukung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelompok_pendukung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Kelompok pendukung </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelompok_pendukung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dugaan_bantuan_Turki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dugaan_bantuan_Turki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Dugaan bantuan Turki </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dugaan_bantuan_Turki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dugaan_bantuan_Qatar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dugaan_bantuan_Qatar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Dugaan bantuan Qatar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dugaan_bantuan_Qatar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dugaan_bantuan_Arab_Saudi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dugaan_bantuan_Arab_Saudi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Dugaan bantuan Arab Saudi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dugaan_bantuan_Arab_Saudi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dugaan_bantuan_Suriah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dugaan_bantuan_Suriah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Dugaan bantuan Suriah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dugaan_bantuan_Suriah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelanggaran_HAM_dan_kejahatan_perang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelanggaran_HAM_dan_kejahatan_perang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Pelanggaran HAM dan kejahatan perang </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pelanggaran_HAM_dan_kejahatan_perang-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Pelanggaran HAM dan kejahatan perang </button> <ul id="toc-Pelanggaran_HAM_dan_kejahatan_perang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penindasan_agama_dan_kelompok_minoritas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penindasan_agama_dan_kelompok_minoritas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Penindasan agama dan kelompok minoritas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penindasan_agama_dan_kelompok_minoritas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perlakuan_warga_sipil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perlakuan_warga_sipil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Perlakuan warga sipil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perlakuan_warga_sipil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tentara_anak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tentara_anak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Tentara anak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tentara_anak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekerasan_dan_perbudakan_seksual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekerasan_dan_perbudakan_seksual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Kekerasan dan perbudakan seksual </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekerasan_dan_perbudakan_seksual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serangan_terhadap_wartawan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serangan_terhadap_wartawan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Serangan terhadap wartawan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serangan_terhadap_wartawan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemenggalan_dan_eksekusi_massal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemenggalan_dan_eksekusi_massal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Pemenggalan dan eksekusi massal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemenggalan_dan_eksekusi_massal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_senjata_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_senjata_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Penggunaan senjata kimia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_senjata_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penghancuran_warisan_budaya_dan_agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penghancuran_warisan_budaya_dan_agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.8 Penghancuran warisan budaya dan agama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penghancuran_warisan_budaya_dan_agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksploitasi_kejadian_bencana_alam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksploitasi_kejadian_bencana_alam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.9 Eksploitasi kejadian bencana alam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksploitasi_kejadian_bencana_alam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klasifikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Klasifikasi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klasifikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Klasifikasi </button> <ul id="toc-Klasifikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Status_organisasi_teroris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_organisasi_teroris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Status organisasi teroris </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_organisasi_teroris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelompok_teroris,_milisi,_atau_penguasa_wilayah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelompok_teroris,_milisi,_atau_penguasa_wilayah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Kelompok teroris, milisi, atau penguasa wilayah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelompok_teroris,_milisi,_atau_penguasa_wilayah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritik_dan_kontroversi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik_dan_kontroversi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Kritik dan kontroversi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kritik_dan_kontroversi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Kritik dan kontroversi </button> <ul id="toc-Kritik_dan_kontroversi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kritik_dari_kalangan_Muslim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik_dari_kalangan_Muslim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Kritik dari kalangan Muslim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik_dari_kalangan_Muslim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritik_dari_dunia_internasional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik_dari_dunia_internasional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Kritik dari dunia internasional </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik_dari_dunia_internasional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritik_terhadap_nama_dan_deklarasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik_terhadap_nama_dan_deklarasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Kritik terhadap nama dan deklarasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik_terhadap_nama_dan_deklarasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teori_konspirasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teori_konspirasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Teori konspirasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teori_konspirasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_dan_kelompok_penentang_NIIS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_dan_kelompok_penentang_NIIS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Negara dan kelompok penentang NIIS </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Negara_dan_kelompok_penentang_NIIS-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Negara dan kelompok penentang NIIS </button> <ul id="toc-Negara_dan_kelompok_penentang_NIIS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penolakan_di_Asia_dan_Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penolakan_di_Asia_dan_Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Penolakan di Asia dan Afrika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penolakan_di_Asia_dan_Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koalisi_Global_Melawan_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koalisi_Global_Melawan_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Koalisi Global Melawan Negara Islam Irak dan Syam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koalisi_Global_Melawan_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_penentang_non-Koalisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_penentang_non-Koalisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Negara penentang non-Koalisi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negara_penentang_non-Koalisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penentang_non-negara_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penentang_non-negara_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Penentang non-negara lainnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penentang_non-negara_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al-Qaeda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Qaeda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Al-Qaeda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Qaeda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Lihat pula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Daftar pustaka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 134 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" > 134 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamitiese_Staat" title="Islamitiese Staat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Islamitiese Staat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamischer_Staat_(Terrororganisation)" title="Islamischer Staat (Terrororganisation) – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Islamischer Staat (Terrororganisation)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" title="እስላማዊው መንግሥት – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እስላማዊው መንግሥት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estau_Islamico" title="Estau Islamico – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estau Islamico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4)" title="تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4)" title="تنظيم الدوله الاسلاميه (داعش) – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تنظيم الدوله الاسلاميه (داعش)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%27%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B1_%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ইছলামিক ষ্টে'ট অৱ ইৰাক এণ্ড দ্য লেভাণ্ট – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইছলামিক ষ্টে'ট অৱ ইৰাক এণ্ড দ্য লেভাণ্ট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_Isl%C3%A1micu" title="Estáu Islámicu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu Islámicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A" title="Исламияб Пачалихъ – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Исламияб Пачалихъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9E%C4%B0D" title="İŞİD – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İŞİD" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS" title="ISIS – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="ISIS" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadong_Islamiko" title="Estadong Islamiko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Estadong Islamiko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісламская дзяржава – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісламская дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісламская дзяржава – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ісламская дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ислямска държава – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ислямска държава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ইসলামিক স্টেট – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসলামিক স্টেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad_Islamek" title="Stad Islamek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stad Islamek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamska_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Islamska Država – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Islamska Država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_Isl%C3%A0mic" title="Estat Islàmic – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat Islàmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AC-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-l%C3%A0ng-gu%C3%B3k_(c%C5%AB-c%C3%A9k)" title="Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng-guók (cū-cék) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng-guók (cū-cék)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Исламан пачхьалкх – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исламан пачхьалкх" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4)" title="دەوڵەتی ئیسلامی (داعش) – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەوڵەتی ئیسلامی (داعش)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A1msk%C3%BD_st%C3%A1t" title="Islámský stát – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Islámský stát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwladwriaeth_Islamaidd" title="Gwladwriaeth Islamaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwladwriaeth Islamaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisk_Stat" title="Islamisk Stat – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Islamisk Stat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamischer_Staat_(Terrororganisation)" title="Islamischer Staat (Terrororganisation) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Islamischer Staat (Terrororganisation)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamac_Ad%C9%9B%CC%88%C9%9B%CC%88r" title="Pamac Adɛ̈ɛ̈r – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Pamac Adɛ̈ɛ̈r" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewleta_%C4%B0slami_(organizasyon)" title="Dewleta İslami (organizasyon) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dewleta İslami (organizasyon)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ισλαμικό Κράτος – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισλαμικό Κράτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Islamic State" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islama_%C5%9Ctato" title="Islama Ŝtato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islama Ŝtato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Isl%C3%A1mico" title="Estado Islámico – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado Islámico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraagi_ja_Levandi_Islamiriik" title="Iraagi ja Levandi Islamiriik – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraagi ja Levandi Islamiriik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatu_Islamikoa" title="Estatu Islamikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatu Islamikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isis_(j%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6)" title="Isis (järjestö) – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isis (järjestö)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamiskur_Statur" title="Islamiskur Statur – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Islamiskur Statur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_islamique_(organisation)" title="État islamique (organisation) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État islamique (organisation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamityske_Steat" title="Islamityske Steat – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Islamityske Steat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_St%C3%A1t_Ioslamach" title="An Stát Ioslamach – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Stát Ioslamach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Isl%C3%A1mico" title="Estado Islámico – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado Islámico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular_Musulunci_ta_Ira%C6%99i" title="Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AE-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-l%C3%A0n-koet_(ch%C3%BB-ch%E1%B9%B3t)" title="Yî-sṳ̂-làn-koet (chû-chṳt) – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yî-sṳ̂-làn-koet (chû-chṳt)" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המדינה האסלאמית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המדינה האסלאמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="आईएसआईएस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईएसआईएस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamska_dr%C5%BEava" title="Islamska država – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Islamska država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iszl%C3%A1m_%C3%81llam" title="Iszlám Állam – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iszlám Állam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D6%87_%D4%BC%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իրաքի և Լևանտի իսլամական պետություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրաքի և Լևանտի իսլամական պետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Islamic State" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamala_Stato" title="Islamala Stato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Islamala Stato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslamska_r%C3%ADki%C3%B0" title="Íslamska ríkið – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íslamska ríkið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_Islamico_(organizzazione)" title="Stato Islamico (organizzazione) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato Islamico (organizzazione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIL" title="ISIL – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ISIL" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/musyjda_gugde_be_raksygu%27e" title="musyjda gugde be raksygu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="musyjda gugde be raksygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara_Islam_Irak_lan_Syam" title="Nagara Islam Irak lan Syam – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nagara Islam Irak lan Syam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ისლამური სახელმწიფო – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლამური სახელმწიფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%B1tet_Kpaa%CC%B1pyia%CC%B1" title="Si̱tet Kpaa̱pyia̱ – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Si̱tet Kpaa̱pyia̱" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Ирак және Шам Ислам мемлекеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ирак және Шам Ислам мемлекеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="រដ្ឋឥស្លាមអ៊ីរ៉ាក់និងឡេវ៉ាន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រដ្ឋឥស្លាមអ៊ីរ៉ាក់និងឡេវ៉ាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಸ್ಲಾಮಿಕ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಸ್ಲಾಮಿಕ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%AC_%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%98%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="이라크 레반트 이슬람 국가 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이라크 레반트 이슬람 국가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewleta_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE_ya_Iraq_%C3%BB_%C5%9Eam%C3%AA" title="Dewleta Îslamî ya Iraq û Şamê – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dewleta Îslamî ya Iraq û Şamê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_Islamica_(regimen)" title="Civitas Islamica (regimen) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitas Islamica (regimen)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamesche_Staat" title="Islamesche Staat – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Islamesche Staat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_Islamiste_de_Irac_e_la_Levante" title="Stato Islamiste de Irac e la Levante – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Stato Islamiste de Irac e la Levante" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamitische_Staot" title="Islamitische Staot – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Islamitische Staot" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%8C" title="ລັດອິດສະລາມອີຣັກແລະເຣເວນທ໌ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດອິດສະລາມອີຣັກແລະເຣເວນທ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamo_valstyb%C4%97" title="Islamo valstybė – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Islamo valstybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C4%81ma_valsts" title="Islāma valsts – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Islāma valsts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="आईएसआईएस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आईएसआईएस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagari_Islam_Irak_jo_Syam" title="Nagari Islam Irak jo Syam – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nagari Islam Irak jo Syam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Исламска Држава – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исламска Држава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇസ്‌ലാമിക്ക് സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ഓഫ് ഇറാഖ് ആൻഡ് ലെവാന്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്‌ലാമിക്ക് സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ഓഫ് ഇറാഖ് ആൻഡ് ലെവാന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Исламын Улс – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Исламын Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="इस्लामिक स्टेट्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्लामिक स्टेट्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_Islam_Iraq_dan_Syam" title="Negara Islam Iraq dan Syam – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara Islam Iraq dan Syam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_I%C5%BClamiku" title="Stat Iżlamiku – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Stat Iżlamiku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA)" title="အစ္စလာမ္မစ်နိုင်ငံအဖွဲ့ (အိုင်အက်စ်) – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစ္စလာမ္မစ်နိုင်ငံအဖွဲ့ (အိုင်အက်စ်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="اسلامی دولت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسلامی دولت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="इस्लामी राज्य – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इस्लामी राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamitische_Staat_(in_Irak_en_de_Levant)" title="Islamitische Staat (in Irak en de Levant) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Islamitische Staat (in Irak en de Levant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_islamske_staten" title="Den islamske staten – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den islamske staten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_islamske_staten_Irak_og_Levanten" title="Den islamske staten Irak og Levanten – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den islamske staten Irak og Levanten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_Islamic" title="Estat Islamic – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estat Islamic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ирак æмæ Леванты Пысылмон паддзахад – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ирак æмæ Леванты Пысылмон паддзахад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਇਰਾਕ ਅਤੇ ਅਲ ਸ਼ਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸਲਾਮੀ ਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਰਾਕ ਅਤੇ ਅਲ ਸ਼ਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸਲਾਮੀ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_Islamskie" title="Państwo Islamskie – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Państwo Islamskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="اسلامي دولت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسلامي دولت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Isl%C3%A2mico_do_Iraque_e_do_Levante" title="Estado Islâmico do Iraque e do Levante – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado Islâmico do Iraque e do Levante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statul_Islamic" title="Statul Islamic – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Statul Islamic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Исламское государство – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исламское государство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ислам дойдута – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ислам дойдута" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istadu_Islamicu" title="Istadu Islamicu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istadu Islamicu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statu_islamicu" title="Statu islamicu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Statu islamicu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_o_Iraq_an_the_Levant" title="Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamska_Dr%C5%BEava_Irak_i_Levant" title="Islamska Država Irak i Levant – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Islamska Država Irak i Levant" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="ඉස්ලාමීය රාජ්‍යය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉස්ලාමීය රාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamsk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t_(militantn%C3%A1_organiz%C3%A1cia)" title="Islamský štát (militantná organizácia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Islamský štát (militantná organizácia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamska_dr%C5%BEava" title="Islamska država – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Islamska država" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeshi" title="Daeshi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Daeshi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Исламска држава – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исламска држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara_Islam_Irak_jeung_Syam" title="Nagara Islam Irak jeung Syam – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nagara Islam Irak jeung Syam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamiska_staten" title="Islamiska staten – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Islamiska staten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daish" title="Daish – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Daish" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamske_Pa%C5%84stwo" title="Islamske Państwo – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Islamske Państwo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இசுலாமிய அரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுலாமிய அரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇస్లామిక్ స్టేట్ ఇన్ ఇరాక్ అండ్ ది లెవంట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇస్లామిక్ స్టేట్ ఇన్ ఇరాక్ అండ్ ది లెవంట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Давлати исломии Ироқу Шом – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Давлати исломии Ироқу Шом" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="รัฐอิสลาม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐอิสลาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrak_we_%C5%9Eam_Yslam_D%C3%B6wleti" title="Yrak we Şam Yslam Döwleti – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Yrak we Şam Yslam Döwleti" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamikong_Estado" title="Islamikong Estado – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Islamikong Estado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak_ve_%C5%9Eam_%C4%B0slam_Devleti" title="Irak ve Şam İslam Devleti – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Irak ve Şam İslam Devleti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Eiraq_h%C3%A4m_%C5%9Eam_%C4%B0slam_d%C3%A4wl%C3%A4te" title="Ğiraq häm Şam İslam däwläte – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ğiraq häm Şam İslam däwläte" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%DB%8B%DB%95_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ئىراق ۋە شام ئىسلام دۆلىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىراق ۋە شام ئىسلام دۆلىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісламська Держава – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісламська Держава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="داعش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="داعش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroq_va_Shom_Islom_Davlati" title="Iroq va Shom Islom Davlati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iroq va Shom Islom Davlati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_H%E1%BB%93i_gi%C3%A1o_Iraq_v%C3%A0_Levant" title="Nhà nước Hồi giáo Iraq và Levant – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà nước Hồi giáo Iraq và Levant" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tat_slamik" title="Tat slamik – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tat slamik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayech" title="Dayech – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Dayech" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰国 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊斯兰国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AC%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ისლამური სახენწჷფო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისლამური სახენწჷფო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yihswhlanzgoz" title="Yihswhlanzgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yihswhlanzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamitische_Staete" title="Islamitische Staete – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Islamitische Staete" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰国 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯兰国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E4%BC%8A%E6%B2%99" title="達伊沙 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="達伊沙" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Kok_(cho%CD%98-chit)" title="Islam Kok (cho͘-chit) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Islam Kok (cho͘-chit)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%90%8C%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="伊拉克同黎凡特伊斯蘭國 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊拉克同黎凡特伊斯蘭國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2429253#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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Harap perbarui artikel dengan menambahkan informasi terbaru yang tersedia.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">الدولة الإسلامية ad-Daulah al-Islāmiyah</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/200px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/300px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/400px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Jihad" title="Bendera Jihad">Bendera</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nama lain</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">IS, ISIS, ISIL, Daesh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pendiri</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemimpin</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Pemimpin: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li>Mantan pemimpin: <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters_new_chief-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Kourdi-death-CNN-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li>Wakil pemimpin di Irak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a><a href="#cite_note-Al-Tamimi's_Blog-9">[9]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">butuh sumber yang lebih baik</a>]</li> <li>Wakil pemimpin di Suriah: Maher al-Agal <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li>Wakil pemimpin di Libya: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Qader_al-Najdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Qader al-Najdi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abdul Qader al-Najdi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li>Panglima militer: Abu Saleh al-Obaidi<a href="#cite_note-Al-Tamimi's_Blog-9">[9]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">butuh sumber yang lebih baik</a>]</li> <li>Ketua Dewan Syura: Abu Arkan al-Ameri<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li>Kepala operasi militer Suriah: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Omar_al-Shishani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-brookings2014-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li>Menteri Perang: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulmurod_Khalimov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulmurod Khalimov (halaman belum tersedia)">Gulmurod Khalimov</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li>Menteri Keuangan: Sami Jasim Muhammad al-Jaburi <a href="/wiki/Tawanan_perang" title="Tawanan perang">(POW)</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li>Menteri Komunikasi, Informasi, dan Propaganda: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li> <li>Juru bicara: Abu Huthaifa al-Ansari</li> <li>Mantan juru bicara: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a> <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Chulov310816-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-brookings2014-13">[13]</a> Abu Hamza al-Qurashi <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Abu Umar al-Muhajir <a href="/wiki/Tawanan_perang" title="Tawanan perang">(POW)</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters_new_chief-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Abu Nuradin Rustamov <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Waktu operasi</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>2006–Sekarang</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1999: Didirikan dengan nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (halaman belum tersedia)">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Oktober 2004: Bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">13 Oktober 2006: Deklarasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">8 April 2013: Berganti nama menjadi "ISIS" dan mengklaim wilayah di <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">3 Februari 2014: Berpisah dari <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a><a href="#cite_note-ReutersHolmes_030214-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">29 Juni 2014: Deklarasi <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan">kekhalifahan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">13 November 2014: Klaim wilayah di Libya, Mesir, Aljazair, Arab Saudi, Yaman</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">29 Januari 2015: Klaim wilayah di Asia Selatan<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">12 Maret 2015: Klaim wilayah di Nigeria<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">23 Juni 2015: Klaim wilayah di Kaukasus Utara<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">20 Juli 2017: <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertempuran Mosul (2016–17)">Perebutan kembali</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> oleh pasukan Irak</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">17 Oktober 2017: <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Pertempuran Raqqa (2017)">Penangkapan</a> <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> oleh pasukan SDF</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">23 Maret 2019: <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Pertempuran Baghuz Fawqani">Kehilangan</a> seluruh wilayahnya di Suriah</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">27 Oktober 2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Barisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Barisha (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembunuhan</a> terhadap <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakar al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakar al-Baghdadi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">3 Februari 2022: Pembunuhan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a><a href="#cite_note-Qurayshi-snitched-31">[31]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kelompok</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Aljazair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Aljazair (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Aljazair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Benggala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Benggala (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Benggala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Kaukasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Kaukasus (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Kaukasus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Afrika_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Afrika Tengah (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Afrika Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_di_Sahara_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam di Sahara Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Sahara Besar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Khorasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Khorasan (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_di_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam di Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Sinai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Sinai (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Sinai</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_di_Somalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam di Somalia (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Afrika_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Afrika Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Afrika Barat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Yaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Yaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansar Khalifa Philippines (halaman belum tersedia)">Ansar Khalifa Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (halaman belum tersedia)">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (halaman belum tersedia)">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade</a></li></ul> </div> Sel yang tidak terorganisir <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teritori_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam#Azerbaijan" title="Teritori Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">Provinsi Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teritori_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam#India" title="Teritori Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">Provinsi Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teritori_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam#Afghanistan_dan_Pakistan" title="Teritori Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">Provinsi Pakistan</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teritori_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam#Turki" title="Teritori Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">Provinsi Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teritori_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam#Arab_Saudi" title="Teritori Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">Provinsi Arab Saudi</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Markas</th><td class="infobox-data">Tidak diketahui (Maret 2019 – sekarang) <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Bekas</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baqubah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baqubah (halaman belum tersedia)">Baqubah</a>, Irak (2006–2007) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Tidak ada ibu kota (2007–2013) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, Suriah (2013–2017) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayadin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayadin (halaman belum tersedia)">Mayadin</a>, Suriah (Juni–Oktober 2017)<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qa%27im_(kota)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qa'im (kota) (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Qa'im</a>, Irak (Oktober–November 2017)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Kamal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Kamal (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Kamal</a>, Suriah (November 2017)<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hajin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hajin (halaman belum tersedia)">Hajin</a>, Suriah (November 2017 – Desember 2018)<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Susah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Susah (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Susah</a>, Suriah (Desember 2018 – Januari 2019)<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Marashidah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Marashidah (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Marashidah</a>, Suriah (Januari–Februari 2019)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Baghuz_Fawqani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Baghuz Fawqani</a>, Suriah (Februari–Maret 2019)<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-battleover-44">[44]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wilayah operasi</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map – refer to following caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/230px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/345px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/460px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="4501" data-file-height="3439" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Teritori_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam" title="Teritori Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">Teritori Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</a>, berwarna abu-abu, pada saat wilayah mencapai puncak wilayah terluasnya (Mei 2015)<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_2015-05-15-45">[45]</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Map legend</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19202607">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Pemerintah_federal_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemerintah federal Irak">Pemerintah federal Irak</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Pemerintah Suriah</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Pemerintah Lebanon</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Pasukan <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Irak">Kurdistan Irak</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava">Pasukan Kurdistan Suriah</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  pasukan <a href="/wiki/Oposisi_Suriah" title="Oposisi Suriah">oposisi Suriah</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Turki" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Turki">Angkatan Bersenjata Turki</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Nusra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Nusra (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Nusra</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah" class="extiw" title="w:Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Catatan: Irak dan Suriah memiliki wilayah gurun yang luas dengan populasi yang sedikit. Daerah-daerah ini dipetakan sebagai wilayah yang berada di bawah kendali kekuatan yang menguasai jalan dan kota di dalamnya.</li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Peta terkini yang terperinci</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Syrian,_Iraqi,_and_Lebanese_insurgencies_detailed_map&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese insurgencies detailed map (halaman belum tersedia)">Peta detail konflik Suriah, Irak, dan Lebanon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Libyan_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Templat:Libyan Civil War detailed map">Peta rinci Perang Saudara Libya</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Sinai_insurgency_detailed_map" title="Templat:Sinai insurgency detailed map">Peta rinci pemberontakan Sinai</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Nigerian_insurgency_detailed_map" title="Templat:Nigerian insurgency detailed map">Peta rinci pemberontakan Nigeria</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Yemeni_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Templat:Yemeni Civil War detailed map">Peta rinci Perang Saudara Yaman</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Insurgency_in_Mozambique_detailed_map&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Insurgency in Mozambique detailed map (halaman belum tersedia)">Peta rinci Pemberontakan di Mozambik</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Somali_Civil_War_detailed_map&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Somali Civil War detailed map (halaman belum tersedia)">Peta rinci Perang Saudara Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_ideologi_politik" title="Daftar ideologi politik">Ideologi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statisme_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statisme Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Statisme Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutbisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbisme">Qutbisme</a><a href="#cite_note-Poljarevic_2021-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manne-Saltman-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manne_2017-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takfiri" title="Takfiri">Takfirisme</a><a href="#cite_note-Poljarevic_2021-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Badara_2017-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bunzel-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabisme" title="Wahhabisme">Wahhabisme</a><a href="#cite_note-Bunzel-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost_Wahhabi-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamisme" title="Pan-Islamisme">Pan-Islamisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafisme">Salafisme</a><a href="#cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homegrown_2021-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadisme_salafi" title="Jihadisme salafi">Jihadisme salafi</a><a href="#cite_note-Bunzel-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost_Wahhabi-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homegrown_2021-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Yazidi_oleh_NIIS" title="Genosida Yazidi oleh NIIS">Anti-Yazidisme</a><a href="#cite_note-Qurayshi-snitched-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Muslim_Syiah_oleh_NIiS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Muslim Syiah oleh NIiS (halaman belum tersedia)">Anti-Syi'isme</a><a href="#cite_note-Baele_2019-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rickenbacher_2019-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_umat_Kristen_oleh_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam" title="Genosida umat Kristen oleh Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">Anti-Kristen</a><a href="#cite_note-Baele_2019-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Hinduisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Hinduisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Anti-Hinduisme</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-LGBT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-LGBT (halaman belum tersedia)">Anti-LGBT</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitisme" title="Antisemitisme">Antisemitisme</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[a]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogini" title="Misogini">Misogini</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Organisasi Teroris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jumlah anggota</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Daftar jumlah kombatan</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Di Suriah dan Irak: <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>5,000–10,000<sup id="cite_ref-Eighth_report_of_the_Secretary-General_on_the_threat_posed_by_Islamic_State_to_international_peace_and_security_and_the_range_of_United_Nations_efforts_in_support_of_Member_States_in_countering_the_threat_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eighth_report_of_the_Secretary-General_on_the_threat_posed_by_Islamic_State_to_international_peace_and_security_and_the_range_of_United_Nations_efforts_in_support_of_Member_States_in_countering_the_threat-97">[96]</a> (Laporan Dewan Keamanan PBB tahun 2019)</li> <li>28,600–31,600<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> (Perkiraan Departemen Pertahanan AS tahun 2016)</li> <li>200,000<a href="#cite_note-Indep161114-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-how_many-100">[99]</a> (2015 klaim oleh Kepala Staf <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Irak">Kurdistan Irak</a>)</li> <li>100,000<a href="#cite_note-secret_of_Baghdadi's_success-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-how_many-100">[99]</a> (2015 klaim Jihadis)</li> <li>35,000–100,000<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> (at peak, US State Department estimate)</li></ul> </div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Outside Syria and Iraq: 32,600–57,900 (See <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_activity_of_ISIL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military activity of ISIL (halaman belum tersedia)">Military activity of ISIL</a> for more detailed estimates.) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Estimated total: 61,200–257,900</li></ul> </div><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Populasi warga sipil</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">In 2015 (near max extent): 8–12 million<a href="#cite_note-by_the_numbers-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-rolling_back-104">[103]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">In 2022 (ISWAP): 800,000<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bagian dari</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> (2004–2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sekutu</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Pendukung">lihat bagian....</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lawan</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Negara musuh utama</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Negara musuh tambahan</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Aljazair" title="Aljazair">Algeria</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Artsakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Artsakh">Artsakh</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja">Kamboja</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Kongo" title="Republik Demokratik Kongo">Republik Demokratik Kongo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko">Ceko</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jibuti" title="Jibuti">Djibouti</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia">Irlandia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara">Korea Utara</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kirgizstan" title="Kirgizstan">Kirgizstan</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maladewa" title="Maladewa">Maladewa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Selandia_Baru" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nikaragua" title="Nikaragua">Nikaragua</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Makedonia_Utara" title="Makedonia Utara">Makedonia Utara</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Palestina</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Barat" title="Sahara Barat">Sahara Barat</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ossetia_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossetia Selatan">Ossetia Selatan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Selatan" title="Sudan Selatan">Sudan Selatan</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Tiongkok">Taiwan</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_dan_Tobago" title="Trinidad dan Tobago">Trinidad dan Tobago</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Country_data_Ukrainela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Country data Ukrainela (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Country data Ukrainela</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-109">[108]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Musuh non-negara</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Country_data_Syrian_opposition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Country data Syrian opposition (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Country data Syrian opposition</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_Sementara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan Sementara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemerintahan Sementara Suriah</a>  ∟ <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Country_data_Syrian_opposition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Country data Syrian opposition (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Country data Syrian opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Pendudukan_Turki_di_Suriah_utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendudukan Turki di Suriah utara">Pendudukan Turki Suriah</a>  ∟ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Country_data_Syrian_opposition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Country data Syrian opposition (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Country data Syrian opposition</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentara_Nasional_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentara Nasional Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Tentara Nasional Suriah</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava"><img alt="Rojava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava">Rojava</a>  ∟ <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Demokratik_Suriah" title="Pasukan Demokratik Suriah">Pasukan Demokratik Suriah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_Keselamatan_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan Keselamatan Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemerintahan Keselamatan Suriah</a>  ∟ <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Musuh tambahan</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah"><img alt="Hezbollah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/20px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/30px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg/40px-Slogan_of_the_Houthi_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1668" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Country_data_Syrian_opposition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Country data Syrian opposition (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Country data Syrian opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Pembebasan_Suriah" title="Tentara Pembebasan Suriah">Tentara Pembebasan Suriah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg/29px-Emblem_of_the_Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="497" /> <a href="/wiki/Unit_Perlindungan_Dataran_Niniwe" title="Unit Perlindungan Dataran Niniwe">Unit Perlindungan Dataran Niniwe</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badr_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badr Organization (halaman belum tersedia)">Badr Organization</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Mobilisasi_Populer" title="Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer">Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata%27ib_Hezbollah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Harakat_Hezbollah_al-Nujaba" title="Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba">Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Mobilisasi_Populer#Struktur" title="Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer">Daftar lengkap...</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Pertahanan_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Pertahanan Nasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Pertahanan Nasional</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata%27ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada (halaman belum tersedia)">Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/23px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/35px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/45px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Komunitas_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Komunitas Kurdistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Persatuan Komunitas Kurdistan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahrar_al-Sham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahrar al-Sham (halaman belum tersedia)">Ahrar al-Sham</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="173" /> <a href="/wiki/Front_Al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Al-Nusra">Front Al-Nusra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a> sejak 2017<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Perisai_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Perisai Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Perisai Libya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Syura_Mujahidin_di_Derna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Syura Mujahidin di Derna (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Syura Mujahidin di Derna</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg/22px-Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg/29px-Emblem_of_the_Jaish_al-Fatah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="314" /> <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Penaklukan" title="Tentara Penaklukan">Tentara Penaklukan</a> (2015–17) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liwa_Assad_Allah_al-Ghalib_fi_al-Iraq_wa_al-Sham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham (halaman belum tersedia)">Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaysh_al-Mu%27ammal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaysh al-Mu'ammal (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaysh al-Mu'ammal</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/22px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/33px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/44px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Hezbollah Suriah </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quwat_al-Ridha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quwat al-Ridha (halaman belum tersedia)">Quwat al-Ridha</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liwa_Fatemiyoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun (halaman belum tersedia)">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png/23px-Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png/35px-Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png/45px-Liwa_Zainebiyoun_infobox_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liwa_Zainebiyoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liwa Zainebiyoun (halaman belum tersedia)">Liwa Zainebiyoun</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29_%28Black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="299" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Islam_(Suriah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Islam (Suriah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Islam</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajnad_al-Sham_Islamic_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union (halaman belum tersedia)">Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Ba%27ath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Ba'ath (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Ba'ath</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Alliance_(Venezuela)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Alliance (Venezuela) (halaman belum tersedia)">Democratic Alliance (Venezuela)</a><a href="#cite_note-AsambleaVE-146">[145]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="#Negara_dan_kelompok_yang_berperang_bersama_ISIS">Lihat bagian...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pertempuran dan perang</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Irak" title="Perang Irak">Perang Irak</a> (2003–2011)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Irak_(2011%E2%80%932013)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Irak (2011–2013) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan Irak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Suriah" title="Perang Saudara Suriah">Perang Saudara Suriah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Irak_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Perang Saudara Irak (2014–2017)">Perang Saudara Irak (2014–2017)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Libya_Kedua" title="Perang Saudara Libya Kedua">Perang Saudara Libya Kedua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Boko_Haram" title="Pemberontakan Boko Haram">Pemberontakan Boko Haram</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_di_Pakistan_Barat_Daya" title="Perang di Pakistan Barat Daya">Perang di Pakistan Barat Daya</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_di_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang di Afghanistan (2001–2021) (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang di Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Yaman_(2015%E2%80%93sekarang)" title="Perang Saudara Yaman (2015–sekarang)">Perang Saudara Yaman</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_perang_dan_pertempuran_yang_melibatkan_ISIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar perang dan pertempuran yang melibatkan ISIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Konflik lainnya...</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> Target utama dari: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operasi Inherent Resolve">Operasi Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_melawan_ISIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang melawan ISIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi militer terhadap ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intervensi_Amerika_Serikat_dalam_Perang_Saudara_Suriah" title="Intervensi Amerika Serikat dalam Perang Saudara Suriah">Intervensi Amerika Serikat di Suriah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_Amerika_Serikat_dalam_Perang_Saudara_Irak_(2014%E2%80%932021)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi Amerika Serikat dalam Perang Saudara Irak (2014–2021) (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Amerika Serikat di Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_udara_Mesir_di_Libya_Februari_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan udara Mesir di Libya Februari 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Mesir di Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Boko_Haram" title="Pemberontakan Boko Haram">Intervensi Nigerian</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;" class="noprint">← Didahului oleh <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_JTJ.svg/23px-Flag_of_JTJ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_JTJ.svg/35px-Flag_of_JTJ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_JTJ.svg/46px-Flag_of_JTJ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="499" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (halaman belum tersedia)">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999)<a href="#cite_note-winepJune14-147">[146]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932005%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932005%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932005%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932005%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932005%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_al-Qaeda_in_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932005%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qaeda_di_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qaeda di Iraq (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Qaeda di Iraq</a> (2004) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak</a> (2006)</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (NIIS atau ISIS atau ISIL; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام, <abbr title="transliterasi">translit.</abbr> Ad-Daulah al-Islāmiyyah fil-'Irāq wasy-Syām), juga dikenal dengan nama Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah (NIIS atau ISIS, <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ˈaɪsis/</a>), Negara Islam Irak dan asy-Syam,<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-148">[147]</a> Daesh, atau Negara Islam (NI atau IS),<a href="#cite_note-What_is_IS-149">[148]</a> adalah kelompok militan <a href="/wiki/Ekstremisme_Islam" title="Ekstremisme Islam">ekstremis</a> dan bekas <a href="/wiki/Proto-negara" title="Proto-negara">proto-negara</a> tidak diakui yang mengikuti doktrin <a href="/wiki/Jihadisme_salafi" title="Jihadisme salafi">jihadisme Salafi</a>. Hingga Desember 2015<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit">[update]</a>, NIIS menguasai wilayah dari Irak barat hingga Suriah timur yang diperkirakan berpenduduk 8–12 juta orang. Lewat kelompok lokalnya, NIIS juga menguasai wilayah kecil di <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. Kelompok ini juga beroperasi atau memiliki afiliasi di berbagai wilayah dunia, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Utara" title="Afrika Utara">Afrika Utara</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters-turfwar-152">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-Militant_Attack_and_Support_Zones_in_Afghanistan-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pakistani_Taliban_pledges_allegiance_to_ISIL-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIL_gains_supporters-155">[154]</a> Dalam bahasa Arab, kelompok ini dikenal dengan nama ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī 'l-ʿIrāq wa-sy-Syām sehingga terciptalah kata Da'isy atau Daesh (داعش, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24300501">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .reference-text .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pelafalan dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Arab">[ˈdaːʕiʃ]</a>),<a href="#cite_note-DAESH_shift-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> singkatan "NIIS" dalam bahasa Arab. Pada tanggal 29 Juni 2014, kelompok ini menyatakan dirinya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Negara_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Islam">negara Islam</a> sekaligus <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_dunia" title="Kekhalifahan dunia">kekhalifahan dunia</a> yang dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah">khalifah</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> dan berganti nama menjadi ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah (الدولة الإسلامية, "Negara Islam" (NI). Sebagai kekhalifahan, NIIS mengklaim kendali agama, politik, dan militer atas semua Muslim di seluruh dunia, dan "keabsahan semua keamiran, kelompok, negara, dan organisasi tidak diakui lagi setelah kekuasaan khilāfah meluas dan pasukannya tiba di wilayah mereka".<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-newname-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Week-160">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> menyebut NIIS telah melakukan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan <a href="/wiki/Kejahatan_perang" title="Kejahatan perang">kejahatan perang</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> melaporkan bahwa kelompok ini telah melakukan <a href="/wiki/Pembersihan_etnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembersihan etnis">pembersihan etnis</a> "berskala sangat besar". Kelompok ini <a href="/wiki/Daftar_organisasi_teroris_resmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar organisasi teroris resmi">dicap sebagai organisasi teroris</a> oleh PBB, <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> dan negara-negara anggotanya, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, dan negara-negara lain. Lebih dari 60 negara secara langsung atau tidak langsung <a href="#Negara_dan_kelompok_yang_berperang_melawan_NIIS">berperang melawan NIIS</a>. Kelompok ini awalnya didirikan dengan nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (halaman belum tersedia)">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> pada tahun 1999, lalu bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> pada tahun 2004. Kelompok ini terlibat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Irak_(2003%E2%80%9311)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Irak (2003–11) (halaman belum tersedia)">pemberontakan Irak</a> setelah pasukan koalisi Barat <a href="/wiki/Invasi_Irak_2003" title="Invasi Irak 2003">menyerbu Irak tahun 2003</a>. Bulan Januari 2006, kelompok tersebut bergabung dengan grup-grup pemberontak Sunni yang tergabung dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Syura_Mujahidin_(Irak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Syura Mujahidin (Irak) (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Syura Mujahidin</a>. Mereka memproklamasikan pemberntukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak</a> (NII) pada bulan Oktober 2006. Setelah <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Suriah" title="Perang Saudara Suriah">Perang Saudara Suriah</a> pecah bulan Maret 2011, NII di bawah kepemimpinan al-Baghdadi mengutus para pejuang ke Suriah pada Agustus 2011. Para pejuang tersebut menyebut dirinya Jabhat an-Nuṣrah li-Ahli asy-Syām—<a href="/wiki/Front_al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Front al-Nusra">Front al-Nusra</a>—dan menguasai daerah-daerah yang mayoritas dihuni warga Sunni di <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran" title="Kegubernuran">kegubernuran</a> <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Ar-Raqqah" title="Kegubernuran Ar-Raqqah">Ar-Raqqah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Idlib" title="Kegubernuran Idlib">Idlib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Deir_ez-Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kegubernuran Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Aleppo" title="Kegubernuran Aleppo">Aleppo</a>. Bulan April 2013, al-Baghdadi mengumumkan penyatuan NII dengan Front al-Nusra dan nama barunya, Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (NIIS). Namun demikian, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Julani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Julani">Abu Mohammad al-Julani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a>, masing-masing pemimpin al-Nusra dan al-Qaeda, menolak penyatuan tersebut. Setelah perebutan kekuasaan selama delapan bulan, al-Qaeda memutus semua hubungan dengan NIIS pada tanggal 3 Februari 2014 karena NIIS enggan berunding dan "luar biasa keras kepala". Di Suriah, kelompok ini melancarkan serangan darat terhadap pasukan pemerintah dan faksi pemberontak dalam Perang Saudara Suriah. Mereka mulai dikenal luas setelah mendesak mundur pasukan pemerintah Irak dari kota-kota besar di Irak barat dalam sebuah serangan pada awal 2014. Hilangnya kendali Irak atas wilayahnya sendiri mengakibatkan pecahnya pemerintahan Irak dan memicu aksi militer Amerika Serikat di Irak.<a href="#cite_note-al-Qaeda_severs_link_with_ISIL-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-AlQaedaTiesEnd-163">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> NIIS mahir memanfaatkan media sosial. Mereka mengepos video-video <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insiden_pemenggalan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insiden pemenggalan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">pemenggalan tentara, warga sipil, wartawan, dan pekerja sosial</a> di Internet dan dikenal karena <a href="/wiki/Penghancuran_warisan_budaya_oleh_NIIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghancuran warisan budaya oleh NIIS">menghancurkan situs-situs warisan budaya</a>. Para tokoh <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> di seluruh dunia mengutuk ideologi dan aksi-aksi NIIS; mereka berpendapat bahwa kelompok tersebut sudah keluar jauh dari ajaran <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> yang sejati dan segala tindakannya tidak mencerminkan ajaran atau nilai-nilai yang dibawa agama ini.<a href="#cite_note-al-shorfa-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> Penggunaan nama "Negara Islam" dan konsep kekhalifahan oleh kelompok ini dikritik secara luas. PBB, <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a>, berbagai negara, dan sejumlah kelompok Muslim besar menolak keduanya. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nama">Nama</h2></div> Nama kelompok ini berubah-ubah sejak didirikan.<a href="#cite_note-Conflict_Encyclopedia-167">[166]</a> <ol><li>Kelompok ini didirikan tahun 1999 oleh seorang pria yang berasal dari Yordania, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>, dengan nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (halaman belum tersedia)">Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād</a>, "Organisasi Tauhid dan Jihad" (JTJ).<a href="#cite_note-winepJune14-147">[146]</a></li> <li>Bulan Oktober 2004, al-Zarqawi <a href="/wiki/Baiat" title="Baiat">berbaiat</a> kepada <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> dan mengganti nama kelompoknya menjadi <a href="/wiki/Tanzim_Qaidat_al-Jihad_fi_Bilad_al-Rafidayn" title="Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn">Tanẓīm Qāʻidat al-Jihād fī Bilād al-Rāfidayn</a>, "Organisasi Pangkalan Jihad di <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>", lebih dikenal dengan nama al-Qaeda di Irak (AQI).<a href="#cite_note-Conflict_Encyclopedia-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Meski mereka tidak pernah menyebut dirinya al-Qaeda di Irak, nama ini menjadi nama non-resminya selama beberapa tahun.<a href="#cite_note-ctc29May-169">[168]</a></li> <li>Bulan Januari 2006, AQI bergabung dengan sejumlah kelompok pemberontak Irak dan membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Syura_Mujahidin_(Irak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Syura Mujahidin (Irak) (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Syura Mujahidin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> Al-Zarqawi tewas pada bulan Juni 2006.</li> <li>Tanggal 12 Oktober 2006, Dewan Syura Mujahidin bergabung dengan beberapa faksi pemberontak. Keesokan harinya, mereka mengumumkan pembentukan ad-Dawlah al-ʻIraq al-Islāmiyah, juga dikenal dengan nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak</a> (NII).<a href="#cite_note-lwj161006-171">[170]</a> Pemimpin kelompok ini adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Abdullah_al-Rashid_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Abdullah al-Rashid al-Baghdadi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Abdullah al-Rashid al-Baghdadi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayyub_al-Masri" title="Abu Ayyub al-Masri">Abu Ayyub al-Masri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> Setelah keduanya tewas dalam operasi gabungan Amerika Serikat dan Irak bulan April 2010, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> diangkat sebagai pemimpin baru kelompok tersebut.</li> <li>Tanggal 8 April 2013, setelah memperluas wilayahnya ke Suriah, kelompok ini mulai menggunakan nama Negara Islam Irak dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Syam</a> atau Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-memri-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2013-07-12-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-AlArabiya_9-4-2013-175">[174]</a> Kedua nama tersebut merupakan terjemahan dari bahasa Arab ad-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah fī-l-ʻIrāq wa-sy-Syām;<a href="#cite_note-BBC-profile-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_vs_ISIL-177">[176]</a> <a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:الشام">al-Syām</a> berarti kawasan <a href="/wiki/Syam" title="Syam">Syam</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Suriah_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Suriah Raya">Suriah Raya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-148">[147]</a> Nama terjemahan tersebut biasa disingkat ISIL atau ISIS dalam bahasa Inggris, namun tidak pernah tetap.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_vs_ISIL-177">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> menyimpulkan bahwa perbedaan antara kedua singkatan tersebut "tidak terlalu besar".<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-148">[147]</a></li> <li>Nama Da'isy sering dipakai oleh para penentang NIIS yang berbahasa Arab. Nama ini terdiri dari huruf <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C4%81l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dāl (halaman belum tersedia)">Dāl</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27alif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'alif (halaman belum tersedia)">alif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EF%BB%8B_%D8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ﻋ ع (halaman belum tersedia)">ʻayn</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%ABn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sīn (halaman belum tersedia)">syīn</a> sehingga membentuk kata (داعش), singkatan al-Dawlah al-Islamīyah fī al-ʻIrāq wa-al-Syām dalam bahasa Arab.<a href="#cite_note-daesh2-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-daesh3-179">[178]</a> Ejaan singkatan tersebut beragam, dan "Daesh" lebih lazim digunakan. NIIS menganggap singkatan Da'isy sangat merendahkan karena dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konjugasi_tata_bahasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konjugasi tata bahasa (halaman belum tersedia)">konjugasi tata bahasa</a> yang tepat, kata tersebut terdengar seperti Daes yang berarti "seseorang yang menginjak sesuatu", dan Dahes, "seseorang yang menebar kebencian".<a href="#cite_note-DAESH_shift-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> ISIL kabarnya memberi ancaman cambuk<a href="#cite_note-daesh-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> dan potong lidah<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> kepada orang-orang yang memakai istilah Da'isy di wilayahnya. Pada tahun 2015, lebih dari 120 anggota parlemen Britania meminta BBC memakai nama Daesh seperti <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Laurent Fabius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DAESH_shift-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-review-is-184">[183]</a></li> <li>Tanggal 14 Mei 2014, <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Luar_Negeri_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat">Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat</a> memutuskan untuk menggunakan nama Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) untuk menyebut kelompok ini.<a href="#cite_note-daesh2-178">[177]</a> Pada akhir 2014, para petinggi pemerintahan A.S. beralih ke Daesh karena nama tersebut lebih disukai sekutu-sekutunya di Arab.<a href="#cite_note-DAESH_shift-156">[155]</a></li> <li>Tanggal 29 Juni 2014, kelompok ini mengganti namanya menjadi ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah (الدولة الإسلامية, Negara Islam (NI)) dan menyatakan dirinya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan">kekhalifahan</a> dunia.<a href="#cite_note-newname-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-newname2-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-businessinsider.com-186">[185]</a> "Irak dan Syam" dihapus dari semua dokumen dan komunikasi resmi. Sejak saat itu, nama resmi kelompok ini adalah Negara Islam. Nama Negara Islam dan klaim kekhalifahan dikritik habis-habisan. PBB, beberapa negara, dan sejumlah kelompok Muslim besar menolak nama baru tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-review-is-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moore-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goodenough-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-un.org-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-ottawacitizen.com-191">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-potus-statement-193">[192]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:65%; font-weight:normal;">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sejarah_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam" title="Kategori:Sejarah Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">seri</a> mengenai</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="vcard navbox-title" style="background: none; font-size: 145%;padding: 0.15em 0.1em;line-height: 1.2em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Negara Islam  Irak dan Syam</a></th> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:AQMI_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/125px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/188px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/250px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (halaman belum tersedia)">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004) <a href="/wiki/Tanzim_Qaidat_al-Jihad_fi_Bilad_al-Rafidayn" title="Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn">Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn</a> (2004–06) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Syura_Mujahidin_(Irak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Syura Mujahidin (Irak) (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Syura Mujahidin</a> (2006) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak</a> (2006–13) <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Isi">Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</a> (2013–14) <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Negara_Islam_(Juni_2014–sekarang)">Negara Islam</a> (Juni 2014–sekarang)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;"> Topik</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insiden_pemenggalan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insiden pemenggalan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemenggalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendera Hitam">Bendera Hitam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologi_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideologi Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Ideologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penghancuran_warisan_budaya_oleh_NIIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghancuran warisan budaya oleh NIIS">Penghancuran warisan budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak_asasi_manusia_di_wilayah_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak asasi manusia di wilayah NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Hak asasi manusia</a></li> <li><a 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ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_peristiwa_yang_melibatkan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu peristiwa yang melibatkan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu peristiwa yang melibatkan NIIS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak § Garis waktu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Suriah#Garis_waktu" title="Perang Saudara Suriah">Perang Saudara Suriah § Garis waktu</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insiden_teroris_di_Irak_tahun_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insiden teroris di Irak tahun 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">Insiden teroris di Irak tahun 2014</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembentukan,_1999–2006">Pembentukan, 1999–2006</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (halaman belum tersedia)">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzim_Qaidat_al-Jihad_fi_Bilad_al-Rafidayn" title="Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn">Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq) (halaman belum tersedia)">Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)</a></div> Setelah <a href="/wiki/Invasi_Irak_2003" title="Invasi Irak 2003">invasi Irak 2003</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jihadisme_Salafis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jihadisme Salafis (halaman belum tersedia)">jihadis Salafi</a> asal Yordania, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>, dan kelompok militannya, Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (didirikan tahun 1999), muncul pada tahap awal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Irak_(2003%E2%80%9311)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Irak (2003–11) (halaman belum tersedia)">pemberontakan Irak</a> lewat serangkaian <a href="/wiki/Serangan_bunuh_diri" title="Serangan bunuh diri">serangan bunuh diri</a> terhadap masjid <a href="/wiki/Islam_Syi%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Syi'ah">Islam Syi'ah</a>, warga sipil, badan pemerintahan Irak, dan tentara Italia yang terlibat dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq (halaman belum tersedia)">Multi-National Force</a> pimpinan Amerika Serikat. Kelompok Al-Zarqawi secara resmi berbaiat kepada jaringan <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> pada bulan Oktober 2004 dan mengganti namanya menjadi Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (تنظيم قاعدة الجهاد في بلاد الرافدين, "Organisasi Pusat Jihad di <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>"), biasa dikenal dengan nama <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_di_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda di Irak">al-Qaeda di Irak</a> (AQI).<a href="#cite_note-JamestownFoundation20041018-194">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dawn20041018-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-Msnbc20041018-196">[195]</a> Serangan terhadap warga sipil, pasukan pemerintah dan pasukan keamanan Irak, diplomat dan tentara asing, dan konvoi Amerika Serikat berlangsung secara intens. Dalam surat kepada al-Zarqawi bulan Juli 2005, wakil ketua al-Qaeda <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> merumuskan rencana empat tahap untuk memperluas <a href="/wiki/Perang_Irak" title="Perang Irak">Perang Irak</a>. Rencana tersebut mencakup pengusiran <a href="/wiki/Militer_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Militer Amerika Serikat">pasukan A.S.</a> dari Irak, pembentukan pemerintahan kekhalifahan Islam, penyebaran konflik ke negara tetangga Irak yang sekuler, dan perseteruan dengan Israel. Surat tersebut menyebutkan bahwa rencana ini "bertujuan melawan organisasi Islam baru apapun bentuknya".<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Pada bulan Januari 2006, AQI bergabung dengan beberapa kelompok pemberontak Irak kecil di bawah organisasi bernama Dewan Syura Mujahidin (DSM). Menurut Brian Fishman, aksi al-Qaeda merupakan pencitraan semata sekaligus upaya untuk memasukkan unsur-unsur Irak dan mungkin menjauhkan al-Qaeda dari kekacauan taktik al-Zarqawi, khususnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Amman_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Amman 2005 (halaman belum tersedia)">pengeboman tiga hotel</a> di Amman oleh AQI pada tahun 2005.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> Pada tanggal 7 Juni 2006, serangan udara A.S. menewaskan al-Zarqawi; posisinya digantikan oleh militan asal Mesir, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayyub_al-Masri" title="Abu Ayyub al-Masri">Abu Ayyub al-Masri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-199">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-Al_Masri-200">[199]</a> Tanggal 12 Oktober 2006, DSM bergabung dengan tiga kelompok kecil dan enam suku <a href="/wiki/Islam_Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Sunni">Islam Sunni</a> dalam "Koalisi Mutayibin". Kelompok baru ini bersumpah "untuk menyelamatkan umat Sunni dari penindasan kaum pembangkang (Muslim Syi'ah) dan pasukan pendudukan salibis ... untuk mengembalikan hak-hak [kami] sekalipun harus mengorbankan nyawa ... untuk menegakkan janji Allah di muka bumi, dan mengembalikan kejayaan Islam".<a href="#cite_note-lwj121006-201">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-memri171006-202">[201]</a> Sehari kemudian, DSM mengumumkan pembentukan Negara Islam Irak (NII) yang terdiri atas enam kegubernuran Arab Sunni di Irak.<a href="#cite_note-FT15Oct06-203">[202]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Omar_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Omar al-Baghdadi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Omar al-Baghdadi</a> diangkat sebagai <a href="/wiki/Amir" title="Amir">amir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lwj161006-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Al-Qaida-204">[203]</a> dan al-Masri diangkat sebagai Menteri Perang dalam kabinet NII yang beranggotakan sepuluh orang.<a href="#cite_note-cabinetlist-205">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negara_Islam_Irak,_2006–13">Negara Islam Irak, 2006–13</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak</a></div> Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_intelijen_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan intelijen Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">badan intelijen Amerika Serikat</a> pada awal 2007, NII—dikenal dengan nama AQI—berencana menggulingkan pemerintahan di Irak bagian tengah dan barat, lalu mengubahnya menjadi <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan">kekhalifahan</a> Sunni.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> Kelompok ini semakin menguat dan, pada masa kejayaannya, menguasai <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_di_Irak" title="Kegubernuran di Irak">kegubernuran</a> <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Al_Anbar" title="Kegubernuran Al Anbar">Al Anbar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Diyala" title="Kegubernuran Diyala">Diyala</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kegubernuran_Baghdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kegubernuran Baghdad (halaman belum tersedia)">Baghdad</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baqubah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baqubah (halaman belum tersedia)">Baqubah</a> dipilih sebagai ibu kota Negara Islam Irak.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenaikan_jumlah_tentara_Perang_Irak_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenaikan jumlah tentara Perang Irak 2007 (halaman belum tersedia)">Kenaikan jumlah tentara Perang Irak</a> tahun 2007 memberi <a href="/wiki/Militer_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Militer Amerika Serikat">militer Amerika Serikat</a> tambahan pasukan yang cukup untuk menyerbu kelompok tersebut. Akibatnya, banyak anggota AQI yang paling berpengaruh ditangkap atau dibunuh.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> Antara bulan Juli dan Oktober 2007, al-Qaeda di Irak dikabarkan kehilangan kendali atas provinsi Al Anbar dan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> Sepanjang tahun 2008, serangkaian serangan yang dilancarkan Amerika Serikat dan Irak mendesak mundur pemberontak AQI dari wilayah kekuasaannya di kegubernuran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampanye_Diyala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampanye Diyala (halaman belum tersedia)">Diyala</a> dan Al Anbar sampai ke kota <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nostra-213">[212]</a> Pada tahun 2008, NII mengaku sedang mengalami "krisis luar biasa".<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> Usaha kerasnya untuk mempertahankan wilayahnya dikecam oleh warga Irak Arab Sunni dan kelompok pemberontak lainnya. Kelompok tersebut mengalami kejatuhan sementara yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor,<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> salah satunya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebangkitan_Anbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebangkitan Anbar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebangkitan Anbar</a>. Pada akhir 2009, komandan pasukan A.S. di Irak, Jenderal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Odierno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Odierno (halaman belum tersedia)">Ray Odierno</a>, menyatakan bahwa NII "telah berubah besar dalam kurun dua tahun terakhir. Kelompok yang dulunya didominasi warga asing akhirnya didominasi oleh orang Irak".<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Pada tanggal 18 April 2010, dua pucuk pimpinan NII, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayyub_al-Masri" title="Abu Ayyub al-Masri">Abu Ayyub al-Masri</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Abdullah_al-Rashid_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Abdullah al-Rashid al-Baghdadi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Omar al-Baghdadi</a>, tewas dalam serangan gabungan AS-Irak di dekat kota <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> Dalam konferensi pers bulan Juni 2010, Jenderal Odierno melaporkan bahwa 80% dari 42 pemimpin NII, termasuk perekrut dan penyalur dana, tewas atau ditangkap; delapan sisanya masih buron. Ia mengatakan bahwa kelompok ini sudah terpisah dari pusat al-Qaeda di Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> Tanggal 16 Mei 2010, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi diangkat sebagai pemimpin baru Negara Islam Irak.<a href="#cite_note-ISI-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc31July14-222">[221]</a> Al-Baghdadi mengganti para pemimpin yang tewas atau ditangkap dengan mengangkat mantan pejabat militer dan intelijen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partai_Ba%27ath_Sosialis_Arab_%E2%80%93_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partai Ba'ath Sosialis Arab – Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Ba'athis</a> era <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> Hampir semuanya pernah ditahan oleh militer Amerika Serikat, dan mereka mencakup sepertiga dari 25 komandan tertinggi Baghdadi. Salah satu di antaranya adalah mantan kolonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samir_al-Khlifawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samir al-Khlifawi (halaman belum tersedia)">Samir al-Khlifawi</a>, biasa diapnggil Haji Bakr, yang menjadi komandan militer tertinggi yang mengatur semua operasi kelompok ini.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes10Aug14-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes27Aug14-225">[224]</a> Al-Khlifawi berperan penting dalam perencanaan dasar yang kelak mendorong terbentuknya NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> Pada Juli 2012, al-Baghdadi merilis pernyataan audio daring bahwa kelompoknya sudah kembali ke daerah yang dulu mereka kuasai sebelum diusir pasukan Amerika Serikat dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Para_Putra_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Para Putra Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Para Putra Irak</a> tahun 2007 dan 2008.<a href="#cite_note-ap22July12-227">[226]</a> Ia juga mengumumkan serangan baru di Irak bernama Breaking the Walls; serangan ini bertujuan membebaskan para anggotanya yang ditahan di sejumlah penjara di Irak.<a href="#cite_note-ap22July12-227">[226]</a> Kekerasan di Irak mulai meningkat pada Juni 2012 lewat serangkaian <a href="/wiki/Bom_mobil" title="Bom mobil">serangan bom mobil</a> AQI. Pada Juli 2013, jumlah korban tewas mencapai 1.000 orang per bulan untuk pertama kalinya sejak April 2008.<a href="#cite_note-iswSeptember13-228">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perang_Saudara_Suriah">Perang Saudara Suriah</h4></div> Pada bulan Maret 2011, unjuk rasa menentang pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> di Suriah dimulai. Dalam beberapa bulan berikutnya, kerusuhan antara pengunjuk rasa dan pasukan keamanan memicu militerisasi konflik secara bertahap.<a href="#cite_note-bbc14March14-229">[228]</a> Bulan Agustus 2011, al-Baghdadi mulai mengirimkan anggota NII cabang Suriah dan Irak yang berpengalaman dalam perang gerilya untuk mendirikan organisasi di Suriah. Di bawah pimpinan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muhammad_al-Julani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muhammad al-Julani (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Muhammad al-Julani</a> asal Suriah, kelompok ini mulai merekrut anggota dan mendirikan sel di seluruh Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-politico23June14-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-quilliam-231">[230]</a> Bulan Januari 2012, kelompok ini meresmikan dirinya dengan nama Jabhat al-Nusra li Ahl as-Sham—<a href="/wiki/Front_al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Front al-Nusra">Jabhat al-Nusra</a>—biasa dikenal dengan nama Front al-Nusra. Al-Nusra berkembang menjadi pasukan tempur berpengalaman. Mereka didukung oleh warga Suriah yang menentang pemerintahan Assad.<a href="#cite_note-politico23June14-230">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam,_2013–14">Negara Islam Irak dan Syam, 2013–14</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_peristiwa_terkait_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu peristiwa terkait Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu peristiwa terkait Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</a></div> Pada tanggal 8 April 2013, al-Baghdadi merilis pernyataan audio bahwa Front al-Nusra didirikan, didanai, dan dibantu oleh Negara Islam Irak,<a href="#cite_note-globalpost-232">[231]</a> dan keduanya bergabung menjadi "Negara Islam Irak dan al-Syam".<a href="#cite_note-memri-173">[172]</a> Al-Julani mengeluarkan pernyataan yang membantah penggabungan kedua kelompok tersebut dan mengaku bahwa tak satupun petinggi al-Nusra yang diberitahu soal penggabungan ini.<a href="#cite_note-naharnet-233">[232]</a> Pada Juni 2013, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a> melaporkan bahwa mereka menerima surat dari pemimpin al-Qaeda <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> yang ditujukan kepada pemimpin al-Nusra dan NII; ia menolak penggabungan tersebut dan mengutus seseorang untuk mengawasi hubungan sekaligus meredam ketegangan antara kedua kelompok tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera090613-234">[233]</a> Pada bulan yang sama, al-Baghdadi merilis pesan audio yang isinya menolak keputusan al-Zawahiri dan menyatakan bahwa penggabungan akan tetap berjalan.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera150613-235">[234]</a> Sementara itu, kampanye NIIS untuk membebaskan anggota-anggotanya yang dipenjara memuncak pada Juli 2013. NIIS melancarkan serangan bersamaan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Penjara_Abu_Ghraib" title="Penjara Abu Ghraib">penjara Abu Ghraib</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Taji" class="mw-redirect" title="Taji">Taji</a> yang membebaskan lebih dari 500 tahanan, kebanyakan di antaranya veteran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Irak_(2003%E2%80%9311)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Irak (2003–11) (halaman belum tersedia)">pemberontakan Irak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iswSeptember13-228">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters23July13-236">[235]</a> Bulan Oktober 2013, al-Zawahiri memerintahkan pembubaran NIIS dan mengangkat Front al-Nusra sebagai pemimpin operasi jihadis di Suriah,<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> tetapi al-Baghdadi menolak keputusan al-Zawahiri atas dasar fikih Islam.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera150613-235">[234]</a> Kelompok al-Baghdadi melanjutkan operasinya di Suriah. Pada Februari 2013, setelah delapan bulan berebut kekuasaan, al-Qaeda memutuskan hubungan dengan NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-AlQaedaTiesEnd-163">[162]</a> Menurut wartawan Sarah Birke, ada "perbedaan besar" antara Front al-Nusra dan NIIS. Bila al-Nusra aktif mendukung penggulingan pemerintahan Assad, NIIS "justru berfokus pada pendirian pemerintahan di wilayah yang didudukinya". NIIS "jauh lebih kejam" dalam pembentukan negara Islam. Mereka "melancarkan serangan sektarian dan langsung menegakkan hukum syariah saat itu juga". Front al-Nusra memiliki "kontingen pejuang asing berjumlah besar" dan dipandang sebagai kelompok dalam negeri oleh sebagian besar warga Suriah. Sebaliknya, para pengungsi Suriah justru memandang pejuang NIIS sebagai "pasukan 'penjajah' asing".<a href="#cite_note-birke3-238">[237]</a> NIIS menguasai Suriah timur dan utara, dan menerapkan hukum <a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">syariah</a> di beberapa kota di sana.<a href="#cite_note-birke3-238">[237]</a> Kelompok ini kabarnya menguasai empat kota perbatasan Atmeh, al-Bab, Azaz, dan Jarablus dengan tujuan mengendalikan arus perpindahan manusia dari Suriah ke Turki.<a href="#cite_note-birke3-238">[237]</a> Pejuang asing di Suriah mencakup para jihadis berbahasa Rusia yang awalnya merupakan anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaish_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a> (JMA).<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> Pada November 2013, pemimpin JMA asal Chechnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Omar_al-Shishani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baiat" title="Baiat">berbaiat</a> kepada al-Baghdadi.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> JMA kemudian terbelah antara pihak pendukung al-Shishani dan pihak yang melanjutkan operasi JMA secara terpisah di bawah kepemimpinan baru.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-241">[240]</a> Pada bulan Januari 2014, pemberontak yang berafiliasi dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Islam_(Suriah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Islam (Suriah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Islam</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Suriah_Bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Suriah Bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Suriah Bebas</a> yang dilatih Amerika Serikat<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> melancarkan serangan melawan militan NIIS di dalam dan sekitar kota <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-Casey-244">[243]</a> Bulan Mei 2014, Ayman al-Zawahiri meminta Front al-Nusra untuk menghentikan serangan terhadap pesaingnya, NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pemastian" title="Wikipedia:Pemastian">Verifikasi gagal</a>] Bulan Juni 2014, setelah pertempuran berlarut-larut antara kedua kelompok tersebut, cabang al-Nusra di kota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bukamal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bukamal (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Bukamal</a>, Suriah, berbaiat kepada NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-Al-Nusra-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-ANF-247">[246]</a> Pada pertengahan Juni 2014, NIIS menduduki perlintasan Trabil di perbatasan Yordania–Irak,<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> satu-satunya perlintasan perbatasan antara kedua negara ini.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Jordan_border-249">[248]</a> NIIS didukung oleh sebagian kecil masyarakat di Yordania walaupun tidak banyak karena faktor penindasan pemerintah di Yordania.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> NIIS melakukan perekrutan di Arab Saudi<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-251">[250]</a> karena suku-suku di utara Arab Saudi berhubungan dekat dengan suku-suku di Irak barat dan Suriah timur.<a href="#cite_note-FT_Saudi_troops-252">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negara_Islam,_2014–sekarang">Negara Islam, 2014–sekarang</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insiden_pemenggalan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insiden pemenggalan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Insiden pemenggalan NIIS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_pimpinan_Amerika_Serikat_di_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat di Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat di Suriah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_pimpinan_Amerika_Serikat_di_Irak_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat di Irak (2014–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat di Irak (2014–sekarang)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_Iran_di_Irak_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi Iran di Irak (2014–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Iran di Irak (2014–sekarang)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_militer_terhadap_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi militer terhadap NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi militer terhadap NIIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serangan_Irak_Utara_(Juni_2014)" title="Serangan Irak Utara (Juni 2014)">Serangan Irak Utara (Juni 2014)</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keterlibatan_Turki_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keterlibatan Turki pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Keterlibatan Turki pada Perang Saudara Suriah</a></div> Pada tanggal 29 Juni 2014, organisasi ini mengklaim diri sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_dunia" title="Kekhalifahan dunia">kekhalifahan dunia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-worldwide1-253">[252]</a> Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi—dikenal oleh para pendukungnya dengan sebutan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amirul_Mu%27minin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amirul Mu'minin (halaman belum tersedia)">Amirul Mu'minin</a>, Khalifah Ibrahim—diangkat sebagai <a href="/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah">khalifah</a>, dan kelompok ini mengganti namanya menjadi ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah (الدولة الإسلامية, "Negara Islam" (NI)).<a href="#cite_note-newname-158">[157]</a> Sebagai "kekhalifahan", NIIS mengklaim kendali agama, politik, dan militer atas umat Islam di seluruh dunia.<a href="#cite_note-The_Week-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-Al_Akhbar_English-254">[253]</a> Konsep kekhalifahan dan nama "Negara Islam" ditolak oleh pejabat pemerintahan dan tokoh-tokoh Islam di seluruh dunia.<a href="#cite_note-Moore-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goodenough-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-un.org-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-ottawacitizen.com-191">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-potus-statement-193">[192]</a> Pada bulan Juni dan Juli 2014, Yordania dan Arab Saudi mengerahkan pasukannya ke perbatasan Irak setelah Irak kehilangan kendali atas titik-titik perlintasan strategis yang dikuasai NIIS atau suku-suku pendukung NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Jordan_border-249">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-DTel-255">[254]</a> Kala itu muncul spekulasi bahwa Perdana Menteri Irak <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> memerintahkan penarikan tentara dari perbatasan Irak–Saudi untuk "menekan Arab Saudi dan menciptakan ancaman bahwa NIIS juga akan menyeberang ke Arab Saudi".<a href="#cite_note-FT_Saudi_troops-252">[251]</a> Pada Juli 2014, NIIS merekrut lebih dari 6.300 orang menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (halaman belum tersedia)">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>. Beberapa di antaranya diduga pernah menjadi bagian dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Suriah_Bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Suriah Bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Suriah Bebas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> Tanggal 23 Juli 2014, pemimpin <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isnilon_Totoni_Hapilon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isnilon Totoni Hapilon (halaman belum tersedia)">Isnilon Totoni Hapilon</a>, dan sejumlah pria bertopeng berbaiat kepada al-Baghdadi lewat rekaman video sehingga NIIS juga hadir di Filipina.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_gains_supporters-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-sayyaf-swears-loyalty-257">[256]</a> Bulan September 2014, kelompok ini mulai menculik orang-orang untuk dimintai tebusan atas nama NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-Abu_Sayyaf_kidnaps_2_Germans_in_the_name_of_ISIL-258">[257]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:USAID_Mt_Sinjar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/USAID_Mt_Sinjar.jpg/250px-USAID_Mt_Sinjar.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/USAID_Mt_Sinjar.jpg/375px-USAID_Mt_Sinjar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/USAID_Mt_Sinjar.jpg/500px-USAID_Mt_Sinjar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption>Pengungsi Yazidi dan pekerja sosial Amerika Serikat di Gunung Sinjar, Agustus 2014</figcaption></figure> Tanggal 3 Agustus 2014, NIIS menduduki kota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zumar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zumar (halaman belum tersedia)">Zumar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wana,_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wana, Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Wana</a> di Irak utara.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> Ribuan orang <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> mengungsi ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegunungan_Sinjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegunungan Sinjar (halaman belum tersedia)">Gunung Sinjar</a> untuk menghindari militan NIIS. Penderitaan warga Yazidi yang membutuhkan pangan dan air, ancaman <a href="/wiki/Genosida" title="Genosida">genosida</a> oleh NIIS, serta perlunya melindungi warga A.S. di Irak dan membantu Irak melawan NIIS merupakan alasan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_Amerika_Serikat_di_Irak_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi Amerika Serikat di Irak 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">intervensi Amerika Serikat di Irak</a> tanggal 7 Agustus<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_Amerika_Serikat_di_IRak_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi Amerika Serikat di IRak 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">kampanye pengeboman udara</a> di Irak tanggal 8 Agustus 2014. Tanggal 11 Oktober 2014, NIIS dikabarkan mengerahkan 10.000 militan dari Suriah dan <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> untuk menduduki ibu kota Irak, <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10,000_ISIS_fighters_head_to_Baghdad-261">[260]</a> Angkatan Darat Irak dan suku Anbar mengancam desersi apabila Amerika Serikat tidak menerjunkan tentara untuk menghambat laju NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-Iraqi_fighters_in_Anbar_Province_call_for_US_intervention-262">[261]</a> Tanggal 13 Oktober, pasukan NIIS terletak 25 kilometer (16 mi) dari Bandar Udara Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_nearly_made_it_to_Baghdad_Airport-263">[262]</a> Pada akhir Oktober 2014, 800 militan radikal menguasai sebagian kota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derna,_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derna, Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Derna, Libya</a>, dan berbaiat kepada Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Derna menjadi kota pertama di luar Suriah dan Irak yang menjadi bagian dari "Kekhalifahan Negara Islam".<a href="#cite_note-Derna-264">[263]</a> Tanggal 2 November 2014, menurut <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, sebagai tanggapan atas serangan udara koalisi, perwakilan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahrar_ash-Sham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahrar ash-Sham (halaman belum tersedia)">Ahrar ash-Sham</a> bertemu dengan <a href="/wiki/Front_al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Front al-Nusra">Front al-Nusra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khorasan_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khorasan Group (halaman belum tersedia)">Khorasan Group</a>, NIIS, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jund_al-Aqsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jund al-Aqsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Jund al-Aqsa</a> untuk menyatukan kekuatan untuk melawan koalisi pimpinan Amerika Serikat dan kelompok pemberontak moderat Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-al-Qaeda_groups_in_Syria_unite-265">[264]</a> Namun demikian, pada tanggal 14 November 2014, terungkap bahwa perundingan tersebut tidak menemukan titik terang.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> Tanggal 10 November 2014, faksi besar dari kelompok militan <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Bait_al-Maqdis" title="Ansar Bait al-Maqdis">Ansar Bait al-Maqdis</a> asal Mesir menyatakan berbaiat kepada NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-news.yahoo.com-267">[266]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Coalition_Airstrike_on_ISIL_position_in_Kobane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coalition_Airstrike_on_ISIL_position_in_Kobane.jpg/250px-Coalition_Airstrike_on_ISIL_position_in_Kobane.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coalition_Airstrike_on_ISIL_position_in_Kobane.jpg/375px-Coalition_Airstrike_on_ISIL_position_in_Kobane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coalition_Airstrike_on_ISIL_position_in_Kobane.jpg/500px-Coalition_Airstrike_on_ISIL_position_in_Kobane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>Serangan udara koalisi terhadap target-target NIIS, Oktober 2014</figcaption></figure> NIIS sering memanfaatkan air sebagai senjata perang. Penutupan gerbang bendungan kecil Nuaimiyah di Fallujah pada bulan April 2014 mengakibatkan banjir di wilayah sekitarnya sekaligus memutus aliran air ke Irak selatan yang didominasi penduduk <a href="/wiki/Syi%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syi'ah">Syi'ah</a>. Sekitar 12.000 keluarga kehilangan tempat tinggal dan 200 km² desa dan lahan pertanian banjir atau mengering. Ekonomi wilayah tersebut juga terdampak oleh gagal panen dan terputusnya aliran listrik.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> Pada pertengahan Januari 2015, seorang pejabat Yaman mengatakan bahwa NIIS memiliki "puluhan" anggota di Yaman, dan mereka berebut kekuasaan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qaeda_di_Jazirah_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qaeda di Jazirah Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qaeda di Jazirah Arab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_gaining_ground_in_Yemen,_competing_with_al_Qaeda-269">[268]</a> Pada bulan itu juga, pejabat Afghanistan membenarkan bahwa NIIS hadir di Afghanistan<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_confirmed_to_have_presence_in_Afghanistan-270">[269]</a> setelah merekrut 135 militan pada akhir Januari. Pada akhir Januari 2015, 65 militan telah ditangkap atau dibunuh oleh <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>. Perekrut utama NIIS di Afghanistan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rauf_Aliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza (halaman belum tersedia)">Mullah Abdul Rauf</a>, tewas akibat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_pesawat_nirawak_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan pesawat nirawak Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">serangan pesawat nirawak Amerika Serikat</a> pada bulan Februari 2015.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews-southafghan-272">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC31290147-273">[272]</a> Pada akhir Januari 2015, dikabarkan bahwa anggota NIIS telah menyusup ke <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> dengan berpura-pura menjadi pengungsi sipil yang mengungsi dari zona perang Irak dan Syam.<a href="#cite_note-the_fight_for_Kobani_is_not_yet_over-274">[273]</a> Seorang perwakilan NIIS mengklaim bahwa NIIS berhasil menyelundupkan 4.000 anggotanya, dan mereka merencanakan rangkaian serangan di Eropa sebagai balasan atas serangan udara terhadap target-target NIIS di Irak dan Suriah. Namun demikian, para pengamat yakin bahwa klaim tersebut dibesar-besarkan demi menyebarkan rasa takut. Mereka juga mengakui bahwa sejumlah negara Barat sudah tahu soal penyusupan anggota NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_smuggles_fighters_into_Europe-275">[274]</a> Pada awal Februari 2015, militan NIIS di Libya berusaha menduduki sebagian pedesaan di sebelah barat <a href="/wiki/Sabha,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabha, Libya">Sabha</a> dan wilayah yang mencakup kota <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Nofaliya_(2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendudukan Nofaliya (2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Nofolia</a>, dan pangkalan militer di selatan kedua kota tersebut. Pada bulan itu juga, sebagian anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansar_al-Sharia_(Yaman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Yaman) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ansar al-Sharia di Yaman</a> berpisah dari al-Qaeda dan berbaiat kepada NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-the_War_on_ISIS-276">[275]</a> Tanggal 16 Februari 2015, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_udara_Mesir_di_Libya_Februari_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan udara Mesir di Libya Februari 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mesir melancarkan serangan udara di Libya</a> sebagai balasan atas pemenggalan 21 penganut Kristen Mesir oleh NIIS. Pada hari itu pula, 64 militan NIIS di Libya tewas akibat serangan udara tersebut, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Derna_oleh_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendudukan Derna oleh NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">50 militan di Derna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> Akan tetapi, pada awal Maret 2015, NIIS menduduki sebagian kecil wilayah Libya, termasuk sebuah kota di sebelah barat Derna, wilayah sekitar <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>, sepetak lahan di Libya selatan, sebagian wilayah dekat <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, dan sebagian wilayah di sebelah timur <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a>. Tanggal 7 Maret 2015, <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> menyatakan berbaiat kepada NIIS sehingga NIIS hadir di Nigeria, Niger, Chad, dan Kamerun.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-boko-haram-isis-278">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boko_Haram_joins_ISIL-279">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-sunnewsonline.com-280">[279]</a> Tanggal 13 Maret 2015, kelompok militan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Islam_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan Islam Uzbekistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerakan Islam Uzbekistan</a> berbaiat kepada NIIS;<a href="#cite_note-IMU_joins_ISIL-281">[280]</a> kelompok tersebut merilis video lain pada 31 Juli 2015 yang menampilkan baiat pemimpin spiritualnya kepada NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> Tanggal 30 Maret 2015, pejabat syariah senior <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ansar al-Sharia di Libya</a>, Abdullah Al-Libi, pindah ke NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-lwj9apr-283">[282]</a> Sejak Maret sampai pertengahan April 2015, serbuan pasukan Irak di wilayah NIIS lebih diutamakan di <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kegubernuran_Saladin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kegubernuran Saladin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kegubernuran Saladin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> Pada bulan Juni 2015, Wakil Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat mengumumkan bahwa NIIS kehilangan lebih dari 10.000 anggota akibat serangan udara selama sembilan bulan.<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> Pada bulan itu juga, tiga serangan bersamaan terjadi: dua hotel diserang oleh pria bersenjata di Tunisia, satu orang dipenggal di Prancis, dan sebuah bom meledak di masjid Syi'ah di Kuwait. NIIS mengaku bertanggung jawab atas serangan di Kuwait dan Tunisia. Bendera NIIS dikibarkan di TKP di Prancis, tetapi NIIS tidak mengaku bertanggung jawab. NIIS juga mengaku bertanggung jawab atas <a href="/wiki/Serangan_Paris_November_2015" title="Serangan Paris November 2015">serangan Paris November 2015</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideologi_dan_kepercayaan">Ideologi dan kepercayaan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologi_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideologi Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Ideologi Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</a></div> NIIS adalah kelompok <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Salafi">Salafi</a> atau Wahhabi.<a href="#cite_note-huffpost-wahhabi-287">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-traincamp-288">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> NIIS mengikuti penafsiran <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> ekstrem, mendukung kekerasan agama, dan menganggap Muslim yang tidak sepakat dengan penafsirannya sebagai kafir atau <a href="/wiki/Murtad" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtad">murtad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NS-290">[289]</a> Menurut Hayder al Khoei, pemikiran NIIS diwakili oleh simbolisme <a href="/wiki/Bendera_Hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendera Hitam">Bendera Hitam</a> yang digunakan Muhammad saat bertempur. Bendera tersebut menampilkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambang_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambang Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">lambang Muhammad</a> di dalam lingkaran putih disertai tulisan "<a href="/wiki/Syahadat" title="Syahadat">Tiada Tuhan selain Allah</a>".<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> Simbolisme seperti itu mengacu pada kepercayaan NIIS bahwa kelompoknya akan mengembalikan kejayaan kekhalifahan Islam zaman dulu beserta seluruh pengaruh politik, agama, dan eskatologinya.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> Menurut sejumlah pengamat, NIIS terbentuk dari ideologi <a href="/wiki/Ikhwanul_Muslimin" title="Ikhwanul Muslimin">Ikhwanul Muslimin</a>, kelompok Islamis <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">pasca-Utsmaniyah</a> pertama yang berdiri pada akhir 1920-an di Mesir.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> NIIS mengikuti prinsip <a href="/wiki/Jihadisme" title="Jihadisme">jihadis</a> global dan ideologi garis keras <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> dan kelompok jihadis modern lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-al-Qaeda_severs_link_with_ISIL-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-NS-290">[289]</a> Namun demikian, sumber-sumber lain menyebutkan bahwa kelompok ini berakar dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Wahhabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan Wahhabi (halaman belum tersedia)">Wahhabisme</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Sebagai prinsip penuntunnya, para pemimpin Negara Islam ... membuka dan memperjelas komitmennya terhadap aliran Wahhabi Islam Sunni. Kelompok ini menyebarkan gambar-gambar buku teks agama Wahhabi dari Arab Saudi di sekolah-sekolah yang dikendalikannya. Video dari wilayah NIIS menampilkan teks-teks Wahhabi yang ditemplekan di samping mobil dakwah resmi.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_D._Kirkpatrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David D. Kirkpatrick (halaman belum tersedia)">David D. Kirkpatrick</a>, The New York Times<a href="#cite_note-ISIS-NYT-294">[293]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Menurut <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, para penentang di ibu kota NIIS, <a href="/wiki/Ar-Raqqah" title="Ar-Raqqah">Ar-Raqqah</a>, melaporkan bahwa "kedua belas hakim yang saat ini menjalankan sistem peradilan [di sana] ... adalah orang Saudi". Praktik Wahhabi Saudi yang juga dianut kelompok ini adalah pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Polisi_agama_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Polisi agama Islam">polisi agama</a> untuk menertibkan masyarakat dan mewajibkan <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">salat</a> di masjid, pelaksanaan hukuman mati, dan penghancuran atau penataan ulang bangunan keagamaan non-Sunni.<a href="#cite_note-economist-behead-295">[294]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Haykel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Haykel (halaman belum tersedia)">Bernard Haykel</a> menyebut niat al-Baghdadi sebagai "Wahhabisme yang belum dijinakkan".<a href="#cite_note-ISIS-NYT-294">[293]</a> NIIs bertujuan mengembalikan masa-masa kejayaan awal Islam dan menolak segala <a href="/wiki/Bidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidah">bidah</a> atau penyesuaian agama Islam yang dianggap menyesatkan tujuan aslinya. NIIS mengutuk rezim-rezim modern dan <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> karena keluar dari Islam yang sejati.<a href="#cite_note-qz-dontpanic-296">[295]</a> NIIS juga berusaha membangkitkan kembali proyek pendirian kekhalifahan Wahhabi yang diatur oleh doktrin Salafis yang ketat. Mengikuti tradisi Salafi-Wahhabi, NIIS mencap para pengikut hukum sekuler, termasuk pemerintah Arab Saudi, sebagai kaum murtad.<a href="#cite_note-ibrahim140822-297">[296]</a> Kaum Salafi seperti NIIS percaya bahwa hanya kewenangan sahlah yang dapat memimpin <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>, dan prioritas utama di wilayah pertempuran seperti negara-negara non-Muslim adalah penyucian umat Islam. Contohnya, NIIS menganggap kelompok Sunni Palestina, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, kafir yang tidak punya kewenangan sah untuk memimpin jihad. Mereka juga menganggap pertempuran melawan Hamas sebagai tahap pertama pertempuran melawan Israel oleh NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS-NYT-294">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eskatologi">Eskatologi</h3></div> Salah satu perbedaan antara NIIS dan gerakan Islamis atau jihadis lainnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> adalah penekanannya pada <a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Islam" title="Eskatologi Islam">eskatologi</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apokaliptisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apokaliptisme (halaman belum tersedia)">apokaliptisme</a>—iman kepada Hari Akhirat dan keyakinan bahwa kedatangan <a href="/wiki/Imam_Mahdi" title="Imam Mahdi">Imam Mahdi</a> sudah dekat. NIIS percaya bahwa mereka akan mengalahkan pasukan "Romawi" (Rum) di kota <a href="/wiki/Dabiq" title="Dabiq">Dabiq</a> sesuai takdir yang telah digariskan.<a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a> Mengikuti penafsiran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadits_Dua_Belas_Imam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadits Dua Belas Imam (halaman belum tersedia)">Hadits Dua Belas Imam</a>, NIIS juga percaya bahwa al-Baghdadi akan digantikan oleh empat khalifah yang sah.<a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a> Seorang pakar Islamisme militan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_McCants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Will McCants (halaman belum tersedia)">William McCants</a>, menulis: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">Hari Kiamat memenuhi propaganda Negara Islam. [Hari Kiamat] merupakan nilai jual utama untuk para pejuang asing yang ingin mendatangi tempat-tempat yang diramalkan menjadi ajang pertempuran terakhir [umat Islam]. Perang saudara yang berkobar di negara-negara tersebut [Irak dan Suriah] menguatkan ramalan ini. Negara Islam terus mengompori api-api kiamat. [...] Bagi generasi Bin Laden, hari kiamat bukan alasan perekrutan yang efektif. Dua dasawarsa lalu, sejumlah negara di Timur Tengah jauh lebih stabil dan berhasil meredam sektarianisme. Saat itu lebih baik mengangkat isu pemberantasan korupsi dan tirani daripada perlawanan terhadap Antikristus [Dajjal]. Kini, hari kiamat menjadi alasan perekrutan yang dirasa lebih masuk akal.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>William McCants, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/The-ISIS-Apocalypse-Strategy-Doomsday/dp/1250080908">The ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State:</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tujuan_dan_strategi">Tujuan dan strategi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tujuan">Tujuan</h3></div> Sejak tahun 2004, tujuan utama kelompok ini adalah pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Negara_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Islam">negara Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Sunni">Sunni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp14-300">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-dni.gov-301">[300]</a> NIIS lebih tepatnya ingin mendirikan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan">kekhalifahan</a>, negara Islam yang dipimpin oleh pemerintahan keagamaan (religius) di bawah pemimpin agung—<a href="/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah">khalifah</a>—yang diyakini sebagai pengganti Nabi <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson14-302">[301]</a> Pada bulan Juni 2014, NIIS menerbitkan dokumen yang mengklaim bahwa silsilah al-Baghdadi dapat ditelusuri hingga Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson14-302">[301]</a> Setelah mendeklarasikan kekhalifahan baru pada tanggal 29 Juni, NIIS mengangkat al-Baghdadi sebagai khalifahnya. Selaku khalifah, ia meminta semua Muslim taat di <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_dunia" title="Kekhalifahan dunia">seluruh dunia</a> untuk berbaiat kepadanya sesuai <a href="/wiki/Fikih" title="Fikih">fikih</a> Islam.<a href="#cite_note-aj140707-303">[302]</a> ISIL menjabarkan tujuan organisasinya dalam majalah Dabiq, yaitu terus memperluas kekuasaan dan menguasai dunia sampai: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">Benderanya yang diberkati [Allah]...berkibar di ujung timur dan barat Bumi, menyemaikan benih-benih kebenaran dan keadilan Islam di seluruh dunia, dan mengakhiri kepalsuan dan tirani kaum jahiliyah [tersesat] sekalipun Amerika Serikat beserta koalisinya menolaknya.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(majalah)" title="Dabiq (majalah)">Dabiq</a> edisi ke-5, majalah Negara Islam berbahasa Inggris<a href="#cite_note-Joscelyn-304">[303]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Menurut wartawan Jerman <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Todenh%C3%B6fer" title="Jürgen Todenhöfer">Jürgen Todenhöfer</a> yang menghabiskan sepuluh hari bersama NIIS di Mosul, ia sering mendengar seruan bahwa NIIS ingin "menguasai dunia" dan semua yang tidak percaya dengan penafsiran Quran versi NIIS akan dibunuh. Todenhöfer dikejutkan oleh keyakinan para anggota NIIS bahwa "semua agama yang menyetujui demokrasi harus lenyap”<a href="#cite_note-Withnall-305">[304]</a> dan "semangatnya yang luar biasa"—termasuk semangat untuk membunuh "ratusan juta" orang.<a href="#cite_note-Greyvenstein-306">[305]</a> Peta yang menyebar di Internet terkait bekas wilayah negara Islam di Eropa, Timur Tengah, dan Afrika yang menjadi target perluasan NIIS dibuat oleh pendukung luar dan tidak berhubungan resmi dengan NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-qz-dontpanic-296">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> Saat kekhalifahan diproklamasikan, NIIS menyatakan bahwa, "keabsahan semua keamiran, kelompok, negara, dan organisasi tidak diakui lagi setelah kekuasaan khilāfah meluas dan pasukannya tiba di wilayah mereka."<a href="#cite_note-Johnson14-302">[301]</a> Ini merupakan penolakan terhadap pemecahan wilayah di Timur Tengah yang dirancang oleh negara-negara Eropa semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a> lewat <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Sykes%E2%80%93Picot" title="Perjanjian Sykes–Picot">Perjanjian Sykes–Picot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategi">Strategi</h3></div> Menurut Jason Burke, seorang wartawan yang menulis tentang Salafisme Jihadi, tujuan NIIS adalah "meneror, mengerahkan, [dan] memecah belah".<a href="#cite_note-Gude-2015-3-316">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> Bila diperinci lagi, tujuan NIIS adalah meneror untuk mengintimidasi warga sipil dan memaksa pemerintah musuh "mengambil keputusan tergesa-gesa yang sebenarnya tidak ingin diambil," mengerahkan para pendukungnya lewat serangkaian motivasi seperti serangan besar mematikan di negara musuh seperti <a href="/wiki/Serangan_Paris_November_2015" title="Serangan Paris November 2015">serangan Paris November 2015</a>, dan memecah belah dengan menjauhkan Muslim—khususnya di Barat—dari pemerintah naungannya sehingga menaikkan citra NIIS. Selain itu, NIIS juga "melenyapkan pihak netral dengan memaksa mereka bergabung atau menghancurkan mereka".<a href="#cite_note-Gude-2015-3-316">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> Sebuah artikel daring berjudul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Management_of_Savagery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Management of Savagery (halaman belum tersedia)">Management of Savagery</a><a href="#cite_note-MoS-319">[318]</a> (Idarat at Tawahoush) tahun 2014, yang disebut-sebut berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan NIIS<a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> dan memaparkan strategi pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan">kekhalifahan</a> Islam baru,<a href="#cite_note-nyJune14-323">[322]</a> menyarankan strategi serangan di luar negeri agar para pejuangnya: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">Meragamkan dan memperluas serangan gangguan terhadap musuh Salibis-Zionis di semua tempat di dunia Islam, bahkan di luarnya bila memungkinkan, untuk mengacaukan upaya persekutuan musuh dan membuat mereka sangat lelah.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Atran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott Atran (halaman belum tersedia)">Scott Atran</a>, Paris: The War ISIS Wants<a href="#cite_note-Atran-nybooks-11-16-15-324">[323]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Serangan teror terhadap target-target lunak seperti tempat liburan akan menaikkan anggaran belanja keamanan yang kemudian melemahkan "para salibis". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">Apabila sebuah resor wisata yang dilindungi Salibis ... diserang, semua resor wisata di semua negara di dunia akan diperketat keamanannya oleh pasukan tambahan sehingga jumlah personilnya berlipat ganda dan anggarannya naik drastis,<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Scott Atran, Paris: The War ISIS Wants<a href="#cite_note-Atran-nybooks-11-16-15-324">[323]</a></cite></div></blockquote> sekaligus menginspirasi para pemuda yang pada dasarnya penuh semangat dan enerjik. Teror seperti ini akan: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">memotivasi banyak orang untuk pindah ke wilayah kekuasaan kami, terutama para pemuda. ... [Karena] pemuda bangsa memiliki semangat dan jiwa berontak yang sangat tinggi dan lebih dekat dengan sifat [manusia] yang paling dasar.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Scott Atran, Paris: The War ISIS Wants<a href="#cite_note-Atran-nybooks-11-16-15-324">[323]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Teror tersebut juga akan menyeret "Salibis" ke dalam konflik militer yang serba kacau: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">[Kami] berusaha mengungkapkan kelemahan kekuasaan Amerika Serikat yang terpusat dengan memaksa mereka meninggalkan perang psikologis lewat media dan perang lewat pihak ketiga sampai mereka memutuskan untuk berperang secara langsung di lapangan.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Scott Atran, Paris: The War ISIS Wants<a href="#cite_note-Atran-nybooks-11-16-15-324">[323]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Seorang pengamat menyebut publikasi eksekusi massal dan pembunuhan warga sipil oleh NIIS sebagai bagian dari "rencana yang sengaja dirancang untuk memunculkan anggapan misi yang suci dan terhormat di kalangan pengikutnya, tetapi juga menggentarkan para pihak yang tidak berbuat apa-apa serta musuhnya."<a href="#cite_note-Atran-nybooks-11-16-15-324">[323]</a> Pengamat lainnya mengatakan bahwa tujuan publikasi tersebut adalah "mematahkan" semangat para penduduk di bawah kekuasaannya secara psikologis "untuk menjamin kesetiaan mutlak mereka melalui rasa takut dan intimidasi", namun pada saat yang bersamaan juga membangkitkan "rasa kebencian dan balas dendam" di kalangan musuhnya.<a href="#cite_note-Reardon-6-7-15-325">[324]</a> Dokumen yang ditemukan setelah kematian Samir Abd Muhammad al-Khlifawi, mantan kolonel dinas intelijen pasukan pertahanan udara Saddam Hussein dan "kepala strategi" NIIS, merincikan rencana penaklukan Suriah utara oleh NIIS yang memungkinkan "pergerakan kelompok ini ke Irak". Al-Khlifawi mengusulkan penyusupan mata-mata ke wilayah yang hendak dikuasai. Mata-mata tersebut akan mencari "informasi sebanyak mungkin tentang kota targetnya: Siapa yang tinggal di sana, siapa yang berkuasa, keluarga mana yang taat agamanya, pengikut mazhab Islam manakah mereka, berapa banyak masjid di sana, siapa imamnya, berapa banyak istri dan anak-anaknya, dan berapa usia mereka." Setelah diintai, terjadilah pembunuhan dan penculikan yang "[melenyapkan] setiap orang yang berpotensi menjadi pemimpin atau oposisi". Di Raqqa, setelah pasukan pemberontak mengusir pasukan Assad, NIIS menyusup ke kota tersebut, lalu "pertama-tama puluhan orang hilang, kemudian ratusan orang hilang." <a href="#cite_note-Reuter-4-18-2015-326">[325]</a> Sejauh ini tidak diketahui keterlibatan NIIS dalam penyelesaian konflik apapun. Pada musim gugur 2015, mediator Irlandia, Jonathan Galway-Jackson, meminta pemimpin oposisi anti-perang di Britania Raya, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>, untuk menyusun rencana "perundingan diplomatik jalur kedua" di <a href="/w/index.php?title=INCORE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INCORE (halaman belum tersedia)">INCORE</a>, Irlandia, yang melibatkan semua pihak, termasuk perwakilan politik NIIS. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Misi_kekhalifahan_dunia">Misi kekhalifahan dunia</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klaim_wilayah_dan_perluasan_internasional">Klaim wilayah dan perluasan internasional</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaim_wilayah_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaim wilayah NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Klaim wilayah NIIS</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Territorial_control_of_the_ISIS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Territorial_control_of_the_ISIS.svg/250px-Territorial_control_of_the_ISIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Territorial_control_of_the_ISIS.svg/375px-Territorial_control_of_the_ISIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Territorial_control_of_the_ISIS.svg/500px-Territorial_control_of_the_ISIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1264" /></a><figcaption>     Wilayah yang dikuasai (per 21 Oktober 2015)      Sisa wilayah negara-negara tempat bercokolnya NIIS</figcaption></figure> Di Irak dan Suriah, NIIS menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_Irak" title="Pembagian administratif Irak">pembagian administratif</a> yang sudah ada untuk menata wilayahnya. NIIS menyebut pembagian administratifnya <a href="/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah">wilayah</a> atau provinsi.<a href="#cite_note-mesr22-327">[326]</a> Pada Juni 2015, NIIS mendirikan cabang resmi di Libya, Mesir (Semenanjung Sinai), Arab Saudi, Yaman, Aljazair, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria, dan Kaukasus Utara.<a href="#cite_note-turf-328">[327]</a> Di luar Irak dan Suriah, NIIS hanya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kelompok_pemberontak_aktif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kelompok pemberontak aktif (halaman belum tersedia)">menguasai wilayah</a> di Sinai, Afghanistan, dan Libya.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-turfwar-152">[151]</a> NIIS juga memiliki anggota di Maroko, Lebanon, Yordania, Turki, dan Israel, namun tidak mendirikan cabang resmi di sana.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_Global_Intelligence_Summary-329">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinsi_Libya">Provinsi Libya</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_di_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam di Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak dan Syam di Libya</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Libyan_Civil_War.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Libyan_Civil_War.png/250px-Libyan_Civil_War.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Libyan_Civil_War.png/375px-Libyan_Civil_War.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Libyan_Civil_War.png/500px-Libyan_Civil_War.png 2x" data-file-width="1597" data-file-height="1533" /></a><figcaption>Situasi militer saat ini di Libya: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Di bawah kekuasaan NIIS dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ansar al-Sharia</a></div></figcaption></figure> NIIS membagi Libya menjadi tiga provinsi bersejarah. Mereka mengklaim wilayah <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a> di timur, <a href="/wiki/Fezzan" title="Fezzan">Fezzan</a> di selatan, dan <a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a> di barat, sekitar ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes14feb15-330">[329]</a> Pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2014, Dewan Syura Pemuda Islam dan militan lainnya di Libya bergabung dan membentuk Provinsi Cyrenaica.<a href="#cite_note-spiegel.de-331">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_comes_to_Libya-332">[331]</a> NIIS cabang Libya merupakan cabang yang paling aktif dan sukses di luar Irak dan Suriah. NIIS lebih aktif di seputaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derna,_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derna, Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Derna</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>, kampung halaman <a href="/wiki/Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> Tanggal 4 Januari 2015, pasukan NIIS di Libya menguasai pedesaan timur <a href="/wiki/Sabha,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabha, Libya">Sabha</a> dan mengeksekusi 14 tentara Libya.<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> Mereka sempat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampanye_Derna_(2014%E2%80%9315)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampanye Derna (2014–15) (halaman belum tersedia)">menguasai sebagian Derna</a> sebelum terusir pada pertengahan 2015.<a href="#cite_note-victory-337">[336]</a> Laporan dari Sirte mengindikasikan bahwa militan NIIS yang ditempatkan di sana merupakan campuran militan asing dan loyalis <a href="/wiki/Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddafi">eks-Gaddafi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> Pasukan pro-Dawn yang berkaitan dengan Misrata dan Operasi Dawn terlibat pertempuran melawan militan NI di Sirte.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>]<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a> Pertempuran antara pasukan Libya Dawn dan militan NIIS juga terjadi di Daheera, sebelah barat Sirte, dan Harawa, sebelah timur Sirte.<a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> Sumber yang belum dikonfirmasi mengklaim bahwa NIIS menggunakan pangkalannya di Libya untuk menyelundupkan anggota-anggotanya ke <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> dengan berpura-pura menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_penerimaan_imigran_Lampedusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat penerimaan imigran Lampedusa (halaman belum tersedia)">pengungsi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinsi_Sinai">Provinsi Sinai</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Sinai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Sinai (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Sinai</a></div> Tanggal 10 November 2014, banyak anggota <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Bait_al-Maqdis" title="Ansar Bait al-Maqdis">Ansar Bait al-Maqdis</a> yang berbaiat kepada al-Baghdadi.<a href="#cite_note-news.yahoo.com-267">[266]</a> Setelah itu, NIIS mendirikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi_Sinai_(NIIS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi Sinai (NIIS) (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Sinai</a> (Wilayat Sinai).<a href="#cite_note-spiegel.de-331">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-344">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-lwj14nov-345">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-winep14nov-346">[345]</a> NIIS cabang Sinai diperkirakan memiliki 1.000–2.000 anggota.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_gains_supporters-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> NIIS cabang Sinai juga beroperasi di <a href="/wiki/Jalur_Gaza" title="Jalur Gaza">Jalur Gaza</a> dengan nama Negara Islam di Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-middleeasteye-2014-10-08-348">[347]</a> Tanggal 19 Agustus 2015, sejumlah anggota NIIS mengebom markas pasukan keamanan Mesir di <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a> utara. Serangan tersebut melukai 30 orang.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> NIIS juga diduga sebagai dalang jatuhnya <a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Penerbangan_9268" title="Metrojet Penerbangan 9268">Metrojet Penerbangan 9268</a> yang menewaskan 224 penumpangnya. NIIS mengaku bertanggung jawab atas serangan tersebut lewat rekaman video, namun pemerintah Mesir membantah klaim NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinsi_Aljazair">Provinsi Aljazair</h4></div> Para anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jund_al-Khilafah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jund al-Khilafah (halaman belum tersedia)">Jund al-Khilafah</a> berbaiat kepada NIIS pada bulan September 2014.<a href="#cite_note-npr.org-351">[350]</a> NIIS di Aljazair mulai mendapat perhatian setelah mereka memenggal wisatawan Prancis, Herve Gourdel, bulan September 2014. Sejak saat itu, kelompok ini tidak terdengar lagi kabarnya. Pemimpinnya, Khalid Abu-Sulayman, dilaporkan tewas akibat serangan pasukan Aljazair pada Desember 2014.<a href="#cite_note-turf-328">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinsi_Khorasan">Provinsi Khorasan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Khorasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Khorasan (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Khorasan</a></div> Tanggal 26 Januari 2015, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi_Khorasan_(NIIS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi Khorasan (NIIS) (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Khorasan</a> (Wilayat Khorasan) didirikan. Hafiz Saeed Khan diangkat sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C4%81li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wāli (halaman belum tersedia)">Wāli</a> (gubernur) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rauf_Aliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza (halaman belum tersedia)">Abdul Rauf</a> diangkat sebagai wakilnya setelah keduanya berbaiat kepada al-Baghdadi. Nama Khorasan mengacu pada wilayah lama yang mencakup Afghanistan, Pakistan, dan "daerah sekitarnya".<a href="#cite_note-BBC31290147-273">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-Khorasan-352">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-Khorasan2-353">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> Pada tanggal 9 Februari 2015, Mullah Abdul Rauf tewas akibat serangan udara NATO.<a href="#cite_note-BBC31290147-273">[272]</a> Tanggal 18 Maret 2015, Hafiz Wahidi, pengganti wakil amir NIIS di Afghanistan, bersama sembilan militan NIIS lainnya tewas akibat serangan Angkatan Bersenjata Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_Afghan_replacement_deputy_killed-355">[354]</a> Pada bulan Juni, Reuters menerima laporan bahwa sejumlah desa di beberapa distrik <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Nangarhar" title="Provinsi Nangarhar">Provinsi Nangarhar</a>, Afghanistan, telah diduduki oleh NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-turfwar-152">[151]</a> Tanggal 10 Juli 2015, Hafiz Saeed Khan, amir Provinsi Khorasan NIIS, dikabarkan tewas dalam serangan pesawat nirawak A.S. di Afghanistan timur.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_Wilayat_Khorasan_leader_killed-356">[355]</a> Provinsi Khorasan merilis pesan audio yang diklaim sebagai suara Hafiz Saeed Khan pada tanggal 13 Juli 2015,<a href="#cite_note-:1-357">[356]</a> dan ia dijatuhi sanksi oleh <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Keuangan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat">Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat</a> pada tanggal 29 September 2015.<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinsi_Yaman">Provinsi Yaman</h4></div> Pada tanggal 13 November 2014, militan tak dikenal di Yaman berbaiat kepada NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-npr.org-351">[350]</a> Pada bulan Desember 2014, NIIS sudah memiliki anggota aktif di Yaman. NIIS dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qaeda_di_Jazirah_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qaeda di Jazirah Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qaeda di Jazirah Arab</a> (AQAP) berebut anggota di Yaman.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_gaining_ground_in_Yemen,_competing_with_al_Qaeda-269">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> Pada Februari 2015, dikabarkan bahwa sejumlah anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansar_al-Sharia_(Yaman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Yaman) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ansar al-Sharia di Yaman</a> berpisah dari AQAP dan berbaiat kepada NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> Saat <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Yaman_(2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Saudara Yaman (2015)">Perang Saudara Yaman</a> pecah bulan Maret 2015, sedikitnya tujuh provinsi NIIS yang perbatasannya mengikuti provinsi Yaman mengaku bertanggung jawab atas serangan terhadap pasukan <a href="/wiki/Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi">Houthi</a>, termasuk Provinsi <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Hadhramaut" title="Kegubernuran Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Shabwah" title="Kegubernuran Shabwah">Shabwah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_establishes_Sanaa_Province_in_Yemen-361">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-iswMay15-362">[361]</a> <a href="/wiki/Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi">Houthi</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaidiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaidiyyah">Syi'ah</a> (Komite Revolusi) merupakan musuh utama NIIS cabang Yaman.<a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> Amerika Serikat mendukung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_pimpinan_Arab_Saudi_di_Yaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi pimpinan Arab Saudi di Yaman (halaman belum tersedia)">intervensi pimpinan Arab Saudi di Yaman</a> melawan pasukan Houthi,<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> tetapi banyak anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Special_Operations_Command&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Special Operations Command (halaman belum tersedia)">U.S. SOCOM</a> yang mendukung Houthi karena mereka dianggap mampu mendesak mundur al-Qaeda dan NIIS di Yaman, "sesuatu yang tidak mampu dilakukan oleh ratusan serangan pesawat nirawak A.S. dan penasihat militer Yaman".<a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a> The Guardian melaporkan bahwa "hanya NIIS dan al-Qaeda yang mengambil untung dari konflik yang telah memecah-belah Yaman dan membuat 20 juta orang membutuhkan bantuan darurat."<a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinsi_Afrika_Barat">Provinsi Afrika Barat</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></div> Pada tanggal 7 Maret 2015, pemimpin Boko Haram <a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Shekau" title="Abubakar Shekau">Abubakar Shekau</a> berbaiat kepada Negara Islam Irak dan Syam melalui pesan audio yang dikirimkan di akun <a href="/wiki/Twitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> Boko Haram.<a href="#cite_note-368">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a> Tanggal 12 Maret 2015, juru bicara NIIS <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a> merilis pesan audio yang isinya menerima baiat Boko Haram dan menyebutnya sebagai perluasan wilayah NIIS di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat" title="Afrika Barat">Afrika Barat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BokoHaramIS-370">[369]</a> Material NIIS yang terbit bulan Maret 2015 mencantumkan bahwa anggota Boko Haram adalah bagian dari Wilayat Gharb Afriqiya (Provinsi Afrika Barat).<a href="#cite_note-iswMay15-362">[361]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinsi_Kaukasus_Utara">Provinsi Kaukasus Utara</h4></div> Sejumlah komandan <a href="/wiki/Keamiran_Kaukasus" title="Keamiran Kaukasus">Keamiran Kaukasus</a> di <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a> berbaiat kepada NIIS pada akhir 2014 dan awal 2015.<a href="#cite_note-371">[370]</a> Pada tanggal 23 Juni 2015, juru bicara NIIS Abu Mohammad al-Adnani menerima baiat Kaukasus dan mengumumkan pembentukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi_Kaukasus_(NIIS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi Kaukasus (NIIS) (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Kaukasus</a> (Wilayat al-Qawqaz) di bawah kepemimpinan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rustam_Asildarov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rustam Asildarov (halaman belum tersedia)">Rustam Asildarov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-turf-328">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-caucasus-372">[371]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia_Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></div> Pada tanggal 23 Juli 2014, pemimpin <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isnilon_Totoni_Hapilon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isnilon Totoni Hapilon (halaman belum tersedia)">Isnilon Totoni Hapilon</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> berbaiat kepada <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>, pemimpin NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-sayyaf-swears-loyalty-257">[256]</a> Pada September 2014, kelompok ini mulai menculik orang untuk dimintai tebusan atas nama NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-Abu_Sayyaf_kidnaps_2_Germans_in_the_name_of_ISIL-258">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wilayah_operasi_lainnya">Wilayah operasi lainnya</h3></div> <ul><li>Militan tak dikenal di Arab Saudi berbaiat kepada NIIS dan ditetapkan sebagai provinsi NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-npr.org-351">[350]</a></li> <li>Free Sunni of Baalbek Brigade (Lebanon) berbaiat kepada NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_gains_supporters-155">[154]</a></li> <li>Sons of the Call for Tawhid and Jihad (Yordania) berbaiat kepada NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-Jordinian_jihadist_group_joins_ISIL-373">[372]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kepemimpinan_dan_pemerintahan">Kepemimpinan dan pemerintahan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_anggota_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar anggota Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar anggota Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi%2C_2004.jpg/200px-Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Mugshot_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Foto al-Baghdadi yang direkam oleh militer A.S. saat masih ditahan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camp_Bucca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camp Bucca (halaman belum tersedia)">Camp Bucca</a> tahun 2004</figcaption></figure> Kelompok ini dipimpin dan dijalankan oleh <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> yang dibantu oleh kabinet penasihat. Ia dibantu oleh dua wakil ketua, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tewas_dalam_perang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tewas dalam perang (halaman belum tersedia)">KIA</a>) di Irak dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ali_al-Anbari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a> di Suriah, dan 12 gubernur lokal di Irak dan Suriah. Tokoh ketiga, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ala_al-Afri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ala al-Afri (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Ala al-Afri</a>, diyakini memegang jabatan penting di NIIS dan kabarnya merupakan wakil ketua NIIS. Ketiganya diduga berasal dari etnis <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Irak" title="Turkmen Irak">Turkmen</a>. Mantan penguasa Irak, <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, juga kabarnya dikelilingi oleh pejabat Turkmen senior.<a href="#cite_note-The_Islamic_State-374">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a> Meski al-Baghdadi memberitahu pengikutnya untuk "menasihatinya apabila [ia] membuat kesalahan" dalam khutbahnya, menurut sejumlah pengamat, "ancaman, perlawanan, atau bahkan perbedaan pendapat apapun langsung dibungkam".<a href="#cite_note-NYRoB-7-9-2015-376">[375]</a> Di bawah para pemimpin terdapat dewan keuangan, kepemimpinan, militer, hukum—termasuk urusan eksekusi—bantuan pejuang asing, keamanan, intelijen, dan media. Selain itu, NIIS mendirikan dewan <a href="/wiki/Syura" title="Syura">syura</a> yang menjamin kesesuaian segala keputusan gubernur dan dewan dengan penafsiran <a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">syariah</a> NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a> Sebagian besar jajaran pemerintahan NIIS didominasi oleh warga Irak, khususnya mantan pejabat pemerintahan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partai_Baa%27th_Sosialis_Arab_-_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partai Baa'th Sosialis Arab - Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Ba'ath</a> era Saddam Hussein yang kehilangan pekerjaan sekaligus pensiunnya dalam proses <a href="/w/index.php?title=De-Ba%27athifikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De-Ba'athifikasi (halaman belum tersedia)">de-Ba'athifikasi</a> setelah rezimnya digulingkan.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes27Aug14-225">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[377]</a> Warga Irak dan Suriah lebih diutamakan daripada warga negara lain di dalam NIIS karena kelompok ini membutuhkan kesetiaan penduduk Sunni setempat di Irak dan Suriah agar bisa terus berdiri.<a href="#cite_note-379">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a> Namun demikian, laporan lainnya menunjukkan bahwa warga Suriah merasa terusir oleh pejuang NIIS dari luar negeri. Beberapa pejuang asli Suriah menolak "favoritisme" (kesukaan) upah dan akomodasi yang diterima pejuang asing.<a href="#cite_note-381">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a> Pada bulan September 2014, The Wall Street Journal memperkirakan bahwa delapan juta warga Irak dan Suriah tinggal di wilayah yang dikuasai NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ar-Raqqah" title="Ar-Raqqah">Ar-Raqqah</a> di Suriah merupakan ibu kota de facto sekaligus tempat uji coba pemerintahan NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-nytimesraqqa-384">[383]</a> Per September 2014, pemerintahan di Ar-Raqqah dikuasai sepenuhnya oleh NIIS. NIIS telah membangun ulang struktur pemerintahan modern kurang dari satu tahun. Mantan pejabat pemerintahan era Assad yang berbaiat kepada NIIS tetap memegang jabatan yang sama. Lembaga pemerintah yang difungsikan dan ditata ulang menyediakan jasa bagi masyarakat. Hanya lembaga kepolisian dan militer yang diisi oleh para pejuang NIIS; mereka menerima rumah milik warga non-Sunni dan warga lainnya yang sudah mengungsi. Pemerintah menyediakan layanan kesejahteraan, pengendalian harga, dan pajak bagi penduduk kelas atas. NIIS menjalankan program <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekuasaan_lembut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekuasaan lembut (halaman belum tersedia)">kekuasaan lembut</a> di daerah-derah kekuasaannya di Irak dan Suriah, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Layanan_sosial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Layanan sosial (halaman belum tersedia)">layanan sosial</a>, khutbah keagamaan, dan <a href="/wiki/Dakwah" title="Dakwah">dakwah</a> bagi penduduk setempat. NIIS juga melaksanakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Layanan_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Layanan masyarakat (halaman belum tersedia)">layanan masyarakat</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbaikan_jalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbaikan jalan (halaman belum tersedia)">perbaikan jalan</a> dan pengelolaan <a href="/wiki/Transmisi_tenaga_listrik" title="Transmisi tenaga listrik">arus listrik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_consumer-385">[384]</a> Pakar keamanan Britania Raya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Gardner_(wartawan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Gardner (wartawan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Frank Gardner</a> menyimpulkan bahwa prospek penguasaan NIIS lebih besar pada tahun 2014 daripada tahun 2006. Walaupun masih sama brutalnya, keberadaan NIIS "diterima dengan baik" oleh penduduk setempat dan mungkin tidak bisa terusir oleh pasukan Suriah atau Irak yang kurang efektif. NIIS menggantikan pemerintah sebelumnya yang korup dengan pemerintah yang berfungsi dengan baik, menjalankan kembali layanan masyarakat, dan menyediakan suplai air dan minyak. Seiring mengecilnya kemungkinan intervensi Barat, kelompok ini akan "terus mempertahankan daerahnya" dan menguasai wilayah "seluas <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> sampai waktu yang tak ditentukan".<a href="#cite_note-mesr22-327">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a> NIIS juga mempertahankan produksi pangan, faktor penting bagi kelangsungan pemerintahan dan dukungan masyarakat.<a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a> Penguasaan 40% produksi gandum Irak oleh NIIS semakin memperkuat cengkeramannya di Irak. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistem_keuangan">Sistem keuangan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinar_emas_modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinar emas modern (halaman belum tersedia)">Dinar emas modern</a></div> Pada tanggal 11 November 2014, NIIS mengumumkan rencananya untuk mencetak koin emas, perak, dan tembaga sendiri berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Dinar_emas" title="Dinar emas">koin</a> <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Umayyah" title="Kekhalifahan Umayyah">Kekhalifahan Umayyah</a> pada abad ke-7. Setelah pengumuman tersebut, NIIS mulai membeli emas, perak, dan tembaga di pasar-pasar di Irak utara dan barat. Para anggota kelompok ini juga kabarnya mulai mencabut insulasi kabel listrik untuk memanfaatkan kabel tembaganya.<a href="#cite_note-IsisDinar-388">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldDinar-389">[388]</a> Koin tersebut menampilkan peta dunia, pedang dan tameng, <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Al-Aqsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid Al-Aqsa">Masjid Al-Aqsa</a> di <a href="/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem">Yerusalem</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilal_(bulan_sabit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilal (bulan sabit) (halaman belum tersedia)">bulan sabit</a>. Pakar ekonomi seperti Steven H. Hanke dari <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Johns_Hopkins" title="Universitas Johns Hopkins">Universitas Johns Hopkins</a> tidak yakin dengan rencana tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-GoldDinar-389">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldDinar2-390">[389]</a> Laporan selanjutnya menduga bahwa koin yang diedarkan di Mosul hanya dilapisi emas dan nilainya tidak sama seperti koin emas asli.<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-pejuang">Non-pejuang</h3></div> Meski NIIS menarik pengikut dari berbagai penjuru dunia dengan menggembar-gemborkan perang suci, tidak semua anggotanya menjadi pejuang. Banyak anggota baru yang berharap menjadi <a href="/wiki/Mujahidin" title="Mujahidin">mujahidin</a> setelah bertempur di Suriah, namun kecewa karena harus melakukan pekerjaan sehari-hari seperti mencari air atau membersihkan toilet. Mereka juga kecewa atas larangan penggunaan telepon genggam saat latihan militer.<a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a> NIIS menerbitkan material media terkait wanita. Karena wanita tidak diizinkan memegang senjata, NIIS meminta mereka memainkan peran pendukung di dalam organisasi tersebut, misalnya memberi pertolongan pertama, memasak, membesarkan anak, dan menjahit agar menjadi "istri-istri jihad yang baik".<a href="#cite_note-393">[392]</a> Dalam dokumen berjudul Women in the Islamic State: Manifesto and Case Study yang dirilis oleh divisi media Brigade Al-Khanssaa NIIS, pernikahan dan peran keibuan (sejak usia 9 tahun) sangat diutamakan. Wanita harus menjalani hidup "sedenter", memenuhi "peran keibuannya yang mulia" di rumah, kecuali ketika mereka bekerja sebagai guru atau dokter.<a href="#cite_note-imsorfw-394">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-quilliam-women-395">[394]</a> NIIS menolak kesetaraan wanita dan pendidikan non-agama yang tergolong "ilmu duniawi tak berguna".<a href="#cite_note-quilliam-women-395">[394]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Militer_dan_sumber_daya">Militer dan sumber daya</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militer">Militer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Militer_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militer NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Militer NIIS</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Islamic_State_(IS)_insurgents,_Anbar_Province,_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/8/8b/Islamic_State_%28IS%29_insurgents%2C_Anbar_Province%2C_Iraq.jpg/220px-Islamic_State_%28IS%29_insurgents%2C_Anbar_Province%2C_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/8/8b/Islamic_State_%28IS%29_insurgents%2C_Anbar_Province%2C_Iraq.jpg/330px-Islamic_State_%28IS%29_insurgents%2C_Anbar_Province%2C_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/8/8b/Islamic_State_%28IS%29_insurgents%2C_Anbar_Province%2C_Iraq.jpg/440px-Islamic_State_%28IS%29_insurgents%2C_Anbar_Province%2C_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Pejuang NIIS di <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Al_Anbar" title="Kegubernuran Al Anbar">Provinsi Anbar</a>, Irak</figcaption></figure> Militer NIIS diperkirakan beranggotakan puluhan ribu<a href="#cite_note-396">[395]</a> sampai 200.000 orang.<a href="#cite_note-Kurdish-397">[396]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pejuang_asing_di_Suriah_dan_Irak">Pejuang asing di Suriah dan Irak</h4></div> Pada awal 2015, wartawan Mary Anne Weaver memperkirakan bahwa separuh pejuang NIIS adalah pendatang asing.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-HMJ-398">[397]</a> PBB memperkirakan bahwa NIIS beranggotakan 15.000 pejuang dari lebih dari 80 negara pada November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-399">[398]</a> Intelijen Amerika Serikat memperkirakan peningkatan jumlah pejuang asing sebesar 20.000 orang pada Februari 2015, termasuk 3.400 orang dari negara-negara Barat.<a href="#cite_note-NBCforeignfighters-400">[399]</a> <table class="BarChartTemplate" style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#c0c0c0; background-color:#fdfdfd; text-align:left;" cellpadding="1"> <caption style="font-weight:bold">Daftar negara asal pejuang NIIS (500 orang atau lebih) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Negara </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 15em};">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Tunisia </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:15em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>3,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Arab Saudi </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:12.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>2,500</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Rusia </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:8.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>1,700</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Yordania </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:7.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>1,500</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Maroko </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:7.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>1,500</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Prancis </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:6em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>1,200</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Turki </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>1,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Lebanon </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:4.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>900</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Jerman </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:3.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>700</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> Libya </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:3em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>600</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Britania Raya </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:3em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>600</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Indonesia </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:2.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>500</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Uzbekistan </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:2.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>500</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Pakistan </th> <td><div style="height: 1.25em; width: 15em;"><div style="position: absolute; background-color: rgb(206, 223, 242); width:2.5em; height: 1.25em; margin: 0 0 0 0; z-index: 0;"></div>500</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Statistik per negara: 3.000 pejuang dari Tunisia,<a href="#cite_note-CNNforeign-401">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 2.500 dari Arab Saudi,<a href="#cite_note-CNNforeign-401">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 1.700 dari Rusia,<a href="#cite_note-403">[402]</a> 1.500 dari Yordania,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 1.500 dari Maroko,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 1.200 dari Prancis,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 1.000 dari Turki,<a href="#cite_note-404">[403]</a> 900 dari Lebanon,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 700 dari Jerman,<a href="#cite_note-405">[404]</a> 600 dari Libya,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 600 dari Britania Raya,<a href="#cite_note-CNNforeign-401">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 500 dari Indonesia,<a href="#cite_note-IDMY-406">[405]</a> 500 dari Uzbekistan,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 500 dari Pakistan,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 440 dari Belgia,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 360 dari Turkmenistan,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 360 dari Mesir,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 350 dari Serbia,<a href="#cite_note-BalkanInsight-407">[406]</a> 330 dari Bosnia,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 300 dari Ciina,<a href="#cite_note-408">[407]</a> 300 dari Kosovo,<a href="#cite_note-409">[408]</a> 300 dari Swedia,<a href="#cite_note-410">[409]</a> 250 dari Australia,<a href="#cite_note-411">[410]</a> 250 dari Kazakhstan,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 250 dari Belanda,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 200-300 dari Azerbaijan,<a href="#cite_note-412">[411]</a> 200 dari Austria,<a href="#cite_note-413">[412]</a> 200 dari Aljazair,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 200 dari Malaysia,<a href="#cite_note-IDMY-406">[405]</a> 190 dari Tajikistan,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 180 dari Amerika Serikat,<a href="#cite_note-NBCforeignfighters-400">[399]</a> 150 dari Norwegia,<a href="#cite_note-414">[413]</a> 150 dari Denmark,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 140 dari Albania,<a href="#cite_note-BalkanInsight-407">[406]</a> 133 dari Spanyol,<a href="#cite_note-415">[414]</a> 130 dari Kanada,<a href="#cite_note-416">[415]</a> 110 dari Yaman,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 100 dari Sudan,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 100 dari Kyrgyzstan,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 80 dari Italia,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 70–80 dari <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Palestina</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ajvtv-417">[416]</a> 70 dari Somalia,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 70 dari Kuwait,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 70 dari Finlandia,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 50 dari Ukraina,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> 40–50 dari Israel,<a href="#cite_note-ajvtv-417">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[417]</a> 40 dari Irlandia,<a href="#cite_note-419">[418]</a> 40 dari Swiss,<a href="#cite_note-ICSR-402">[401]</a> sedikitnya 30 dari Georgia,<a href="#cite_note-420">[419]</a> 23 dari Argentina,<a href="#cite_note-421">[420]</a> 18 dari India,<a href="#cite_note-The_Timesg2014-422">[421]</a> 10–12 dari Portugal,<a href="#cite_note-423">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[423]</a> dan 3 dari Filipina.<a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a> Menurut pernyataan mantan pemimpin senior NI, para pejuang mendapatkan suplai makanan, bensin, dan rumah tanpa upah, tidak seperti pejuang Irak atau Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-426">[425]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senjata">Senjata</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peralatan_militer_ISIL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peralatan militer ISIL (halaman belum tersedia)">Peralatan militer ISIL</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senjata_konvensional">Senjata konvensional</h4></div> NIIS cenderung bergantung pada senjata rampasan. Sumber terbesarnya adalah arsenal <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> pada masa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Irak_(2003%E2%80%9311)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Irak (2003–11) (halaman belum tersedia)">pemberontakan Irak 2003–11</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a> dan senjata milik pasukan pemerintah dan oposisi pada masa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Suriah" title="Perang Saudara Suriah">Perang Saudara Suriah</a> serta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Irak_(2011%E2%80%93sekarang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Irak (2011–sekarang (halaman belum tersedia)">pemberontakan Irak pasca-AS</a>. Senjata yang mereka rampas, termasuk kendaraan lapis baja, bedil, rudal darat-ke-udara, dan bahkan sejumlah pesawat terbang, memungkinkan NIIS memperluas wilayahnya dengan cepat dan merampas peralatan militer lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-huffpo7aug-428">[427]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senjata_non-konvensional">Senjata non-konvensional</h4></div> Kelompok ini dikenal sering memanfaatkan <a href="/wiki/Bom_mobil" title="Bom mobil">bom mobil</a> dan truk, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengebom_bunuh_diri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengebom bunuh diri (halaman belum tersedia)">pengebom bunuh diri</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peledak_rakitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peledak rakitan (halaman belum tersedia)">peledak rakitan</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Senjata_kimia" title="Senjata kimia">senjata kimia</a> di Irak dan Suriah. NIIS merampas material nuklir dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitas_Mosul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitas Mosul (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas Mosul</a> pada Juli 2014, namun tidak mampu mengubahnya menjadi senjata.<a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a> Dalam majalah bulanan <a href="/wiki/Dabiq" title="Dabiq">Dabiq</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cantlie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cantlie (halaman belum tersedia)">John Cantlie</a> mengarang skenario pembelian senjata nuklir dari pejabat-pejabat korup di Pakistan oleh NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-431">[430]</a> Menteri Pertahanan India menanggapi, "Dengan bangkitnya NIIS di Asia Barat, [kami] khawatir mereka mampu mendapatkan akses persenjataan nuklir dari negara-negara seperti Pakistan".<a href="#cite_note-432">[431]</a> Pada September 2015, seorang pejabat Amerika Serikat menyatakan bahwa NIIS membuat dan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Gas_mustar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas mustar">gas mustar</a> di Suriah dan Irak, dan memiliki tim peneliti senjata kimia aktif.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-20150911-433">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-independent-20150911-434">[433]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propaganda_dan_media_sosial">Propaganda dan media sosial</h3></div> NIIS dikenal karena propagandanya yang luas dan efektif.<a href="#cite_note-ft-20140617-435">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-2014-06-17-436">[435]</a> NISS memakai <a href="/wiki/Bendera_Hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendera Hitam">Bendera Hitam</a> Islam dan merancang <a href="/wiki/Lambang" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambang">lambang</a> yang memiliki makna simbolis di kalangan umat Islam.<a href="#cite_note-time-2014-09-09-437">[436]</a> Pada bulan November 2006, tidak lama setelah mengubah namanya menjadi "Negara Islam Irak", kelompok ini mendirikan Al-Furqan Foundation for Media Production untuk keperluan pembuatan CD, DVD, poster, pamflet, dan produk propaganda web sekaligus pernyataan resmi.<a href="#cite_note-LWJMmedia-438">[437]</a> NIIS mulai memperluas kehadiran medianya pada tahun 2013 lewat pembentukan sayap media keduanya bernama Al-I'tisam Media Foundation pada bulan Maret<a href="#cite_note-Bilger_2014_p1-439">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jihadologymedia-440">[439]</a> dan Ajnad Foundation for Media Production untuk pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Nasyid" title="Nasyid">nasyid</a> dan konten suara pada bulan Agustus.<a href="#cite_note-441">[440]</a> Pada pertengahan 2014, NIIS mendirikan Al-Hayat Media Center yang menargetkan masyarakat Barat dan memproduksi material berbahasa Inggris, Jerman, Rusia dan Prancis.<a href="#cite_note-FreeBeaconMedia-442">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-MEMRIMedia-443">[442]</a> Ketika NIIS mengumumkan perluasannya ke negara lain pada November 2014, organisasi ini mendirikan departemen media untuk cabang-cabang barunya. Sayap media NIIS menjamin bahwa cabang-cabangnya mengikuti model pemasaran yang dipakai di Irak dan Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-wapo28jan-444">[443]</a> Bulan Desember 2014, Direktur FBI <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a> menyatakan bahwa "propaganda NIIS sangat bagus. Mereka mengudara... dalam kurang lebih 23 bahasa".<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-445">[444]</a> Sejak Juli 2014, al-Hayat mulai menerbitkan majalah digital bernama <a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(majalah)" title="Dabiq (majalah)">Dabiq</a>, dalam berbagai bahasa, termasuk bahasa Inggris. Menurut majalah tersebut, namanya diambil dari nama kota <a href="/wiki/Dabiq" title="Dabiq">Dabiq</a> di Suriah utara yang disebutkan dalam sebuah <a href="/wiki/Hadits" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadits">hadits</a> mengenai <a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Islam" title="Eskatologi Islam">Hari Kiamat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JamestownDabiq-446">[445]</a> Al-Hayat juga menerbitkan majalah digital berbahasa Turki bernama <a href="/wiki/Konstantiniyye_(majalah)" title="Konstantiniyye (majalah)">Konstantiniyye</a>, nama Istanbul dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turki_Utsmaniyah" title="Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah">bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah</a>, pada bulan Juni 2015.<a href="#cite_note-447">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-448">[447]</a> Kelompok ini juga mengoperasikan jaringan radio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bayan_(stasiun_radio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bayan (stasiun radio) (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Bayan</a> yang menyiarkan buletin berbahasa Arab, Rusia, dan Inggris, dan meliput aktivitasnya di Irak, Suriah, dan Libya.<a href="#cite_note-radio-449">[448]</a> Pemanfaatan media sosial oleh NIIS diakui "lebih hebat daripada sebagian besar perusahaan Amerika Serikat".<a href="#cite_note-ft-20140617-435">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_socmedia-450">[449]</a> Organisasi ini sering menggunakan media sosial, terutama Twitter, untuk menyebarkan pesan-pesannya dengan melakukan kampanye tagar, mengepos kicauan di tagar populer, dan memanfaatkan aplikasi perangkat lunak yang memungkinkan propagandanya tersebar secara otomatis lewat akun para pendukungnya.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_socmedia-450">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-adl-2014-06-27-451">[450]</a> Seorang pengamat mengatakan bahwa "NIIS lebih mahir memanfaatkan media sosial daripada kelompok-kelompok jihad lainnya... Kehadiran mereka di media sosial sangat teratur."<a href="#cite_note-buzzfeed-2014-06-16-452">[451]</a> Pada Agustus 2014, Twitter menutup beberapa akun yang berhubungan dengan NIIS. NIIS membuat lagi dan mempublikasikan akun-akun barunya keesokan harinya, namun ditutup lagi oleh Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-Friedman14-453">[452]</a> Kelompok ini berusaha beralih ke situs media sosial alternatif seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU social (halaman belum tersedia)">Quitter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friendica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friendica (halaman belum tersedia)">Friendica</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(jaringan_sosial)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaspora (jaringan sosial) (halaman belum tersedia)">Diaspora</a>. Namun demikian, Quitter dan Friendica berusaha melenyapkan akun-akun NIIS dari situs mereka.<a href="#cite_note-adl-2014-07-23-454">[453]</a> Penerbitan video dan foto pemenggalan, penembakan, pembakaran atau penenggelaman tahanan dijuluki sebagai "prestasi" NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-12-8-15-455">[454]</a> Wartawan <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Bari_Atwan" title="Abdel Bari Atwan">Abdel Bari Atwan</a> menyebut konten media NIIS sebagai bagian dari "kebijakan yang diterapkan secara sistematis". Kekejaman pembunuhannya "menjamin" naiknya perhatian media dan masyarakat. Sesuai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Management_of_Savagery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Management of Savagery (halaman belum tersedia)">rencana</a> strategiwan al-Qaeda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hasan_Khalil_al-Hakim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Bakr Naji</a>, NIIS berharap bahwa "kekejaman" akan membuat musuh-musuh Baratnya "jengkel dan lelah" dan menarik Amerika Serikat ke lapangan untuk melawan NIIS. Pasukan yang tidak berniat untuk memenangkan perang berkelanjutan akan "dibuat lelah" secara militer.<a href="#cite_note-NYRoB-7-9-2015-376">[375]</a> Selain pencitraan yang brutal, NIIS mencitrakan dirinya sebagai "negara impian yang emosional, tempat orang-orang 'kembali', ketika semua orang adalah 'saudara' atau 'saudari'. Adaptasi atau singkatan istilah Islam yang disesuaikan dengan bahasa prokem mulai merebak di akun-akun media sosial berbahasa Inggris untuk menciptakan citra 'jihadi keren'."<a href="#cite_note-NYRoB-7-9-2015-376">[375]</a> "Alasan psikologis yang paling manjur" dari propaganda media NIIS adalah janji surga bagi para pejuang yang syahid. Media NIIS sering mengepos foto jihadis syahid dengan wajah tersenyum, 'salam' NIIS berupa 'telunjuk yang mengarah ke langit', dan kesaksian para janda pejuang yang bahagia.<a href="#cite_note-NYRoB-7-9-2015-376">[375]</a> NIIS juga berusaha memaparkan "argumen [yang lebih] rasional" dalam seri "pernyataan pers/diskusi" yang dibawakan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cantlie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cantlie (halaman belum tersedia)">John Cantlie</a> dan dipublikasikan di YouTube. Salah satu "presentasi Cantlie" mengutip berbagai pejabat Amerika Serikat, baik petahana maupun mantan, seperti Presiden <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> dan pejabat <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Scheuer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Scheuer (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael Scheuer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nydailynews-2014-09-23-456">[455]</a> Bulan April 2015, sekelompok peretas yang mengaku berbaiat kepada NIIS meretas 11 saluran televisi global milik <a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a> selama beberapa jam dan mengambil alih halaman media sosialnya selama hampir satu hari.<a href="#cite_note-457">[456]</a> Perusahaan keamanan siber Amerika Serikat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FireEye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FireEye (halaman belum tersedia)">FireEye</a>, melaporkan bahwa serangan tersebut diyakini dilakukan oleh kelompok peretas asal Rusia bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sofacy_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sofacy Group (halaman belum tersedia)">APT28</a> yang diduga berhubungan dengan pemerintah Rusia.<a href="#cite_note-458">[457]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anonymous">Anonymous</h4></div> Setelah <a href="/wiki/Serangan_Paris_November_2015" title="Serangan Paris November 2015">serangan Paris November 2015</a>, grup <a href="/wiki/Hacktivisme" title="Hacktivisme">hacktivis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anonymous_(kelompok)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anonymous (kelompok) (halaman belum tersedia)">Anonymous</a> "menyatakan perang" terhadap NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-anonvsisis1-459">[458]</a> Beberapa hari setelah serangan, Anonymous mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah menutup "lebih dari 5.500" akun Twitter milik pendukung NIIS. Kelompok ini juga merilis "daftar target" untuk para anggotanya, termasuk "akun Twitter anggota NIS, penyedia layanan Internet Suriah, dan surel dan server web NIIS."<a href="#cite_note-cyberwarheatsup1-460">[459]</a> Sebuah akun <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(perangkat_lunak)" title="Telegram (perangkat lunak)">Telegram</a> yang diduga terkait dengan NIIS menanggapi aksi Anonymous dengan menyebut mereka "idiot".<a href="#cite_note-anonvsisis2-461">[460]</a> Juru bicara Twitter memberitahu <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a> bahwa Twitter tidak memakai daftar akun yang dilaporkan Anonymous karena terbukti "sangat tidak akurat" dan mencakup akun milik para akademisi dan wartawan.<a href="#cite_note-anonvsisis3-462">[461]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendanaan">Pendanaan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendanaan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendanaan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendanaan NIIS</a></div> Menurut penelitian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_Action_Task_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financial Action Task Force (halaman belum tersedia)">Financial Action Task Force</a> tahun 2015, lima sumber pendapatan utama NIIS adalah sebagai berikut (menurut nilai): <ul><li>rampasan dari pendudukan wilayah (termasuk penguasaan bank, sumber minyak dan gas, pajak, pemerasan, dan perampokan aset-aset ekonomis)</li> <li>tebusan penculikan</li> <li>sumbangan dari Arab Saudi dan negara-negara Teluk, biasanya beralasan "sumbangan kemanusiaan"</li> <li>bantuan material oleh pejuang asing</li> <li>penggalangan dana lewat jaringan komunikasi modern<a href="#cite_note-FATF-463">[462]</a></li></ul> Tahun 2014, <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> menganalisis sumber pendanaan NIIS dari dokumen yang diperoleh antara tahun 2005 dan 2010<a href="#cite_note-ISIfunding-464">[463]</a> dan menemukan bahwa sumbangan luar negeri hanya mencakup 5% dari total anggaran operasional kelompok ini.<a href="#cite_note-ISIfunding-464">[463]</a> Sel-sel di Irak diwajibkan mengirim 20% pendapatannya yang diperoleh dari penculikan, pemerasan, dan aktivitas lain ke induknya. Induk organisasi tersebut akan menyalurkannya ke sel-sel provinsi atau lokal yang membutuhkan dana untuk melancarkan serangan.<a href="#cite_note-ISIfunding-464">[463]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIfunding-464">[463]</a> Pada pertengahan 2014, intelijen Irak mendapatkan informasi bahwa NIIS memiliki aset senilai US$2 miliar<a href="#cite_note-isil-wealth-465">[464]</a> dan menjadikannya kelompok jihadis terkaya di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-466">[465]</a> Sekitar tiga per empat jumlah tersebut dirampok dari bank sentral Mosul dan bank-bank komersial di Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-WAPO_richest-467">[466]</a><a href="#cite_note-468">[467]</a> Akan tetapi, sebagian pihak meragukan apakah NIIS mampu merampok uang sedemikian besarnya dari bank sentral<a href="#cite_note-469">[468]</a> dan apakah perampokan bank benar-benar terjadi.<a href="#cite_note-ft_bank-470">[469]</a> Sejak 2012, NIIS merilis laporan tahunan layaknya laporan operasional perusahaan untuk menarik calon donatur.<a href="#cite_note-ft-20140617-435">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-471">[470]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pendapatan_minyak">Pendapatan minyak</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Produksi_minyak_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Produksi minyak NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Produksi minyak NIIS</a></div> Seorang pejabat Kementerian Keuangan Amerika Serikat memperkirakan bahwa NIIS memiliki pendapatan US$1 juta per hari lewat aktivitas ekspor minyak.<a href="#cite_note-cnn141007-472">[471]</a> Pada tahun 2014, analis energi asal Dubai memperkirakan bahwa pendapatan minyak gabungan dari wilayah Irak dan Suriah yang diduduki NIIS mencapai US$3 juta per hari.<a href="#cite_note-473">[472]</a> Tahun 2014, sebagian besar pendanaan kelompok ini berasal dari produksi dan penjualan energi; NIIS menguasai kurang lebih 300 sumur minyak di Irak. Pada puncaknya, NIIS mengoperasikan 350 sumur minyak di Irak, namun kehilangan 45 sumur akibat serangan udara pasukan asing. NIIS telah menguasai 60% kapasitas produksi minyak Suriah. Sekitar seperlima kapasitas totalnya dioperasikan oleh NIIS. NIIS mendapatkan US$2,5 juta per hari dengan menjual 50.000–60.000 barel minyak per hari.<a href="#cite_note-cnn141007-472">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-nw141106-474">[473]</a> Penjualan luar negeri bergantung pada pasar gelap ekspor ke Turki. Banyak penyelundup dan penjaga perbatasan Turki korup yang membantu <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> menghindari sanksi justru membantu NIIS mengekspor minyak dan mengimpor uang tunai.<a href="#cite_note-isil-wealth-465">[464]</a><a href="#cite_note-nw141106-474">[473]</a><a href="#cite_note-FT_Isis_oil-475">[474]</a> Pendapatan energi NIIS juga mencakup penjualan listrik dari pembangkit listrik di Suriah utara; sebagian listrik tersebut kabarnya dijual kembali ke pemerintah Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-Fisher-476">[475]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penjualan_barang_antik">Penjualan barang antik</h4></div> Penjualan artefak diduga merupakan sumber pendanaan NIIS terbesar kedua.<a href="#cite_note-nw141106-474">[473]</a> Lebih dari sepertiga situs sejarah Irak dikuasai oleh NIIS. NIIS menjarah istana raja Asiria <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a> di Kalhu (<a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a>) yang sudah berdiri sejak abad ke-9 SM. Tablet, manuskrip, dan kuneiform dijual senilai ratusan juta dolar. Artefak jarahan diselundupkan ke Turki dan Yordania. Abdulamir al-Hamdani, arkeolog SUNY <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stony_Brook_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stony Brook University (halaman belum tersedia)">Stony Brook</a>, mengatakan bahwa NIIS "menjarah... akar terdasar umat manusia, artefak dari peradaban tertua di dunia".<a href="#cite_note-nw141106-474">[473]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pajak_dan_pemerasan">Pajak dan pemerasan</h4></div> NIIS juga mengumpulkan kekayaannya lewat pajak dan pemerasan.<a href="#cite_note-cnn141007-472">[471]</a> Terkait pajak, umat Kristen dan orang asing wajib membayar pajak <a href="/wiki/Jizyah" title="Jizyah">jizyah</a>. Selain itu, kelompok ini rutin melakukan <a href="/wiki/Pemerasan" title="Pemerasan">pemerasan</a> dengan meminta uang dari sopir truk dan mengancam mengebom toko. Merampok bank dan toko emas merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-ListerTop-477">[476]</a> Pemerintah Irak secara tidak langsung mendanai NIIS karena pemerintah masih terus membayar gaji ribuan karyawan pemerintah yang bekerja di wilayah NIIS; NIIS kemudian memangkas separuh gaji karyawan pemerintah Irak.<a href="#cite_note-478">[477]</a> Polisi, guru, dan tentara yang sebelumnya bekerja untuk rezim sekuler Irak masih diizinkan bekerja apabila mereka membayar iuran kartu pertobatan yang harus diperpanjang setiap tahunnya.<a href="#cite_note-bb2-479">[478]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perdagangan_narkotika">Perdagangan narkotika</h4></div> Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Ivanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Ivanov (halaman belum tersedia)">Victor Ivanov</a>, kepala badan narkotika nasional Rusia, NIIS mengumpulkan kekayaan dengan menyelundupkan <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> Afghanistan melintasi wilayahnya seperti yang dilakukan <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ivanov-480">[479]</a> Pendapatan dari aktivitas ini bisa mencapai $1 miliar per tahunnya.<a href="#cite_note-ivanov-480">[479]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pertanian">Pertanian</h4></div> Lahan pertanian antara sungai Tigris dan Eufrat menghasilkan separuh produksi gandum tahunan Suriah dan sepertiga produksi gandum tahunan Irak. NIIS mampu memproduksi hasil tani senilai US$200 juta per tahun bila lahannya dikelola dengan baik.<a href="#cite_note-bb2-479">[478]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sumbangan_Arab_Saudi_dan_negara-negara_Teluk">Sumbangan Arab Saudi dan negara-negara Teluk</h4></div> Pada Juni 2014, surat kabar <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> menuduh <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> mendanai NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-beast14June14-481">[480]</a><a href="#cite_note-482">[481]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> dan Perdana Menteri <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> juga menuduh Arab Saudi dan Qatar mendanai kelompok tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-beast14June14-481">[480]</a><a href="#cite_note-maliki-saudi-openly-483">[482]</a><a href="#cite_note-FT_Iran_Saudi-484">[483]</a> Menjelang konferensi pro-Irak anti-NIIS yang diselenggarakan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_militer_terhadap_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi militer terhadap NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Paris tanggal 15 September 2014</a>, menteri luar negeri Prancis mengakui bahwa sejumlah negara yang hadir (Saudi, Qatar, dan Kuwait) "sangat mungkin" mendanai operasi NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-485">[484]</a> Menurut <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, NIIS bisa jadi merupakan badian dari strategi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasi_rahasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasi rahasia (halaman belum tersedia)">operasi rahasia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_bin_Sultan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar bin Sultan (halaman belum tersedia)">Bandar bin Sultan</a> di Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-486">[485]</a> Beberapa organisasi amal tak terdaftar menjadi perantara dana ke NIIS dengan alasan "sumbangan kemanusiaan". Arab Saudi menerapkan larangan menyeluruh untuk sumbangan tak berizin ke Suriah demi menghentikan arus dana tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-nw141106-474">[473]</a> Namun demikian, sejumlah sumber menegaskan tidak ada bukti bahwa NIIS didukung langsung oleh negara-negara Teluk.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-251">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-FT_Iran_Saudi-484">[483]</a><a href="#cite_note-saudi-reject-accusation-487">[486]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pendukung">Pendukung</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warga_Irak_dan_Suriah">Warga Irak dan Suriah</h3></div> Menurut laporan <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> yang mengutip sumber "ideolog jihadis", 90% pejuang NIIS di Irak adalah warga Irak dan 70% pejuang di Suriah adalah warga Suriah. Artikel tersebut menyatakan bahwa kelompok tersebut memiliki 40.000 pejuang dan 60.000 pendukung di Irak dan Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-saddam-488">[487]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warga_asing">Warga asing</h3></div> Menurut laporan <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Keamanan_PBB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Keamanan PBB">Dewan Keamanan PBB</a> bulan Maret 2015, 22.000 pejuang asing dari 100 negara telah berangkat ke Suriah dan Irak, sebagian besar hendak mendukung NIIS. Laporan tersebut memperingatkan bahwa Suriah dan Irak telah menjadi "tempat pendidikan ekstremis tahap akhir".<a href="#cite_note-bbc020415-489">[488]</a> Pada pertengahan 2014, pemimpin NIIS Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi menyerukan, "Berangkatlah, wahai umat Islam, ke negaramu ...".<a href="#cite_note-bbc-1-7-14-490">[489]</a> Laporan PBB bulan Mei 2015<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit">[update]</a> menunjukkan bahwa 25.000 "pejuang teroris asing" dari 100 negara telah bergabung dengan berbagai kelompok "Islamis". Banyak di antaranya yang bekerja untuk NIIS atau al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-491">[490]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelompok_pendukung">Kelompok pendukung</h3></div> Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium (TRAC) mengidentifikasi 60 kelompok jihadis di 30 negara yang telah berbaiat atau mendukung NIIS per November 2014. Kelompok-kelompok ini sebelumnya berafiliasi dengan al-Qaeda sehingga menunjukkan adanya peralihan kepemimpinan jihad global ke NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-492">[491]</a> Kelompok-kelompok berikut telah menyatakan dukungannya kepada NIIS: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18261910">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/23px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/35px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/45px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a><a href="#cite_note-493">[492]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansar_al-Sharia_(Tunisia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)</a><a href="#cite_note-494">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-495">[494]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jund_al-Khilafah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jund al-Khilafah (halaman belum tersedia)">Jund al-Khilafah</a><a href="#cite_note-rt-09-14-496">[495]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/23px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/35px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/45px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujahideen_Shura_Council_in_the_Environs_of_Jerusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem (halaman belum tersedia)">Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem</a><a href="#cite_note-497">[496]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaah_Ansharut_Tauhid" title="Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid">Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid</a><a href="#cite_note-indonesiagroup-split-498">[497]</a> – (berbaiat kepada NIIS; sebagian besar anggotanya keluar setelah pemimpinnya berbaiat kepada NIIS)<a href="#cite_note-indonesiagroup-split-498">[497]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indonesian_jihadist_group_joins_ISIL-499">[498]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a><a href="#cite_note-support-500">[499]</a><a href="#cite_note-imubayat-501">[500]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jundallah_(Pakistan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jundallah (Pakistan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jundallah (Pakistan)</a><a href="#cite_note-Pakistani_Taliban_pledges_allegiance_to_ISIL-154">[153]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Caucasian_Emirate.svg/23px-Flag_of_Caucasian_Emirate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Caucasian_Emirate.svg/35px-Flag_of_Caucasian_Emirate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Caucasian_Emirate.svg/46px-Flag_of_Caucasian_Emirate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="510" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caucasus_Emirate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caucasus Emirate (halaman belum tersedia)">Caucasus Emirate</a> (beberapa komandan Caucasus Emirate berbaiat ke NIIS)<a href="#cite_note-refrl13Feb15-502">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-rferl02Jan15-503">[502]</a><a href="#cite_note-demise-504">[503]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/23px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/35px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/45px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (halaman belum tersedia)">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade</a><a href="#cite_note-505">[504]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/23px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/35px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/45px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalifa_Islamiyah_Mindanao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao (halaman belum tersedia)">Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a><a href="#cite_note-506">[505]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIL_gains_supporters-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-PHL-507">[506]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsamoro_Islamic_Freedom_Fighters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (halaman belum tersedia)">Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters</a><a href="#cite_note-508">[507]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/23px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/35px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/45px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansar_Khalifah_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansar Khalifah Philippines (halaman belum tersedia)">Ansar Khalifah Philippines</a></li></ul></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dugaan_bantuan_Turki">Dugaan bantuan Turki</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keterlibatan_Turki_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keterlibatan Turki pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Keterlibatan Turki pada Perang Saudara Suriah § Kritik terhadap Turki</a></div> Berbagai pengamat, warga Kurdi Suriah, dan Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> menduga Turki mendukung atau bekerja sama dengan NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-yahoonews-509">[508]</a><a href="#cite_note-510">[509]</a><a href="#cite_note-511">[510]</a> Menurut wartawan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Cockburn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Cockburn (halaman belum tersedia)">Patrick Cockburn</a>, ada "bukti kuat bahwa terjadi kerja sama" antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisasi_Intelijen_Nasional_(Turki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisasi Intelijen Nasional (Turki) (halaman belum tersedia)">dinas intelijen Turki</a> dan NIIS walaupun "kepastian sifat hubungan tersebut ... masih belum jelas".<a href="#cite_note-512">[511]</a> David L. Phillips dari <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> Institute for the Study of Human Rights, yang menyusun daftar tuduhan dan klaim bantuan Turki terhadap NIIS, menulis bahwa dugaan tersebut "berkisar antara kerja sama militer dan transfer senjata hingga bantuan logisitik, bantuan keuangan, dan penyediaan layanan kesehatan".<a href="#cite_note-huffpost-turkeylist-513">[512]</a> Beberapa pejuang dan komandan NIIS mengklaim bahwa Turki membantu NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-514">[513]</a><a href="#cite_note-515">[514]</a><a href="#cite_note-Faiola-516">[515]</a> Di dalam Turki sendiri, NIIS diyakini mengakibatkan polarisasi politik antara kaum sekuler dan Islamis.<a href="#cite_note-517">[516]</a> Pada Juli 2015, serbuan pasukan khusus Amerika Serikat ke rumah "kepala pejabat keuangan" NI, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a>, menemukan bukti bahwa pejabat Turki memiliki hubungan langsung dengan para petinggi NIIS. Menurut seorang pejabat senior Barat, dokumen dan stik USB yang disita dalam serbuan tersebut mengungkapkan hubungan yang "jelas" dan "tak terbantahkan" antara Turki dan NIIS "sehingga hubungan keduanya memiliki dampak kebijakan yang mendalam terhadap hubungan [Barat] dan Ankara".<a href="#cite_note-yahoonews-509">[508]</a> Turki dihujani kritik karena membiarkan orang-orang luar masuk wilayahnya dan bergabung dengan NIIS di Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-518">[517]</a><a href="#cite_note-519">[518]</a> Dengan banyaknya pejuang Islamis yang melintasi Turki menuju Suriah, Turki dituduh sebagai negara transit bagi para pejuang Islamis dan dijuluki "Gerbang Masuk Jihad".<a href="#cite_note-dailymail-520">[519]</a> Polisi perbatasan Turki kabarnya membiarkan orang-orang yang masuk Suriah yang bersedia memberi suap.<a href="#cite_note-dailymail-520">[519]</a> Laporan <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> mengungkapkan bahwa paspor pejuang Islamis asing yang hendak bergabung dengan NIIS lewat Suriah sudah dicap oleh pemerintah Turki.<a href="#cite_note-521">[520]</a> Seorang komandan NIIS menyatakan bahwa "sebagian besar pejuang yang bergabung dengan kami saat perang pertama kali pecah datang lewat Turki, demikian halnya pasokan peralatan dan persediaan kami".<a href="#cite_note-huffpost-turkeylist-513">[512]</a><a href="#cite_note-Faiola-516">[515]</a> Ia juga menambahkan bahwa para pejuang NIIS dirawat di sejumlah rumah sakit Turki.<a href="#cite_note-Faiola-516">[515]</a> Perdana Menteri Rusia <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> mengatakan bahwa "tindakan Turki merupakan perlindungan de facto terhadap Negara Islam. ... Kabar ini tidak mengejutkan karena kami punya informasi mengenai kepentingan finansial langsung sejumlah pejabat Turki terkait pasokan produk minyak dari pabrik penyulingan yang dikuasai NIIS.”<a href="#cite_note-522">[521]</a> Mantan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakil_Menteri_Bidang_Terorisme_dan_Intelijen_Keuangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakil Menteri Bidang Terorisme dan Intelijen Keuangan (halaman belum tersedia)">Wakil Menteri Bidang Terorisme dan Intelijen Keuangan</a> Amerika Serikat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_S._Cohen_(politikus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David S. Cohen (politikus) (halaman belum tersedia)">David Cohen</a> (sekarang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakil_Direktur_Central_Intelligence_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakil Direktur Central Intelligence Agency (halaman belum tersedia)">Wakil Direktur Central Intelligence Agency</a>), mengatakan bahwa Negara Islam mendapatkan $1 juta per hari dari penjualan minyak saja. Menurut informasi yang didapatnya, "NIIS menjual minyak dengan harga yang didiskon besar-besaran kepada sejumlah distributor, termasuk distributor dari Turki, yang kemudian menyelundupkannya untuk dijual kembali. Tampaknya sebagian minyak dari wilayah operasi NIIS dijual kepada warga Kurdi di Irak dan dijual lagi ke Turki”.<a href="#cite_note-523">[522]</a> Tanggal 10 Desember 2015, anggota DPR dari <a href="/wiki/Partai_Rakyat_Republik_(Turki)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Rakyat Republik (Turki)">Partai Rakyat Republik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eren_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eren Erdem (halaman belum tersedia)">Eren Erdem</a>, mengklaim bahwa teroris Negara Islam di Suriah menerima semua material yang diperlukan untuk membuat gas <a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">sarin</a> lewat Turki. Pernyataannya didasarkan pada bukti dari kasus pidana yang mendadak ditutup. Penyelidikan selanjutnya mengungkapkan bahwa beberapa warga Turki terlibat dalam perundingan dengan perwakilan NIIS terkait pasokan gas sarin.<a href="#cite_note-524">[523]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dugaan_bantuan_Qatar">Dugaan bantuan Qatar</h3></div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Qatar (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Qatar</a> sudah lama diduga menjadi perantara arus pendanaan NIIS. Meski tidak ada bukti bahwa pemerintah Qatar terlibat dalam pergerakan uang dari Qatar ke NIIS, negara ini dikritik karena tidak berusaha keras untuk menghambat arus pendanaan. Donatur pribadi di Qatar yang bersimpati terhadap misi kelompok-kelompok radikal, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Front_al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Front al-Nusra">Front al-Nusra</a> dan NIIS, diyakini mengirimkan dana untuk membantu mereka.<a href="#cite_note-525">[524]</a><a href="#cite_note-526">[525]</a> Menurut <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Keuangan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat">Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat</a>, sejumlah penyalur dana teroris beroperasi di Qatar. Warga negara Qatar, Abd al Rahman al Nuaymi, berperan sebagai perantara bagi donatur Qatar dan para pemimpin <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_di_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda di Irak">al-Qaeda di Irak</a> (AQI). Nuaymi kabarnya menangani transfer dana senilai US$2 juta per bulan ke AQI dalam satu kurun waktu tertentu. Nuaymi juga merupakan satu dari beberapa penyalur dana al-Qaeda di Qatar yang dijatuhi sanksi oleh Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat. Beberapa pejabat Amerika Serikat percaya bahwa pangsa terbesar sumbangan pribadi untuk NIIS dan al-Qaeda justru berasal dari Qatar, bukan Arab Saudi.<a href="#cite_note-527">[526]</a> Pada bulan Agustus 2014, Menteri Kerja Sama Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Jerman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerd_M%C3%BCller_(politikus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerd Müller (politikus) (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerd Müller</a> menuduh Qatar memiliki hubungan dengan NIIS. Ia mengatakan, "Anda perlu bertanya siapa yang mempersenjatai dan mendanai pasukan NIIS. Jawaban yang tersedia hanya Qatar". Menteri Luar Negeri Qatar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_bin_Mohammad_Al_Attiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid bin Mohammad Al Attiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Khalid bin Mohammad Al Attiyah</a>, membantah pernyataan tersebut: "Qatar tidak mendukung kelompok ekstremis, termasuk [NIIS], dengan cara apapun. Kami dikejutkan oleh pandangan mereka, metode mereka yang kejam, dan ambisi mereka."<a href="#cite_note-528">[527]</a><a href="#cite_note-529">[528]</a><a href="#cite_note-530">[529]</a><a href="#cite_note-531">[530]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dugaan_bantuan_Arab_Saudi">Dugaan bantuan Arab Saudi</h3></div> Meski pemerintah Arab Saudi menolak klaim yang beredar,<a href="#cite_note-saudi-reject-accusation-487">[486]</a> mantan Perdana Menteri Irak <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> menuduh Arab Saudi mendanai NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-maliki-saudi-openly-483">[482]</a> Sejumlah media seperti <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, dan wadah pemikir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Institute for Near East Policy (halaman belum tersedia)">Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a> menerbitkan laporan terkait sumbangan pribadi dari Arab Saudi ke NIIS dan dukungan Saudi terhadap gerakan <a href="/wiki/Wahhabisme" title="Wahhabisme">Wahhabisme</a> di seluruh dunia, tetapi tidak menemukan bukti bantuan langsung dari pemerintah Saudi terhadap NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-532">[531]</a><a href="#cite_note-533">[532]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dugaan_bantuan_Suriah">Dugaan bantuan Suriah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad#Al-Qaeda_dan_NIIS" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad § Al-Qaeda dan NIIS</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 12.632937844611px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:27.103137257859px; border-width:0 0 72.896862742141px 68.454710592869px; border-bottom-color:Red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Serangan NIIS di Suriah: 1 Januari – 21 November 2014<a href="#cite_note-Assad_ISIL_Stats-534">[533]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sudut_pandang_netral#Imbang_dan_tidak_imbang" title="Wikipedia:Sudut pandang netral">tidak imbang?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam#undue" title="Pembicaraan:Negara Islam Irak dan Syam">bicarakan</a>] <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Serangan terhadap pasukan pemerintah Suriah (13%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Serangan terhadap kelompok lainnya (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Suriah_Bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Suriah Bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">FSA</a>, dll.) (64%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Lainnya (23%)</div> </div> </div></div> Semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Suriah" title="Perang Saudara Suriah">Perang Saudara Suriah</a>, walaupun NIIS telah berkali-kali membantai warga sipil <a href="/wiki/Alawiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawiyah">Alawiyah</a> dan mengeksekusi tentara <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Suriah" title="Angkatan Darat Suriah">Angkatan Darat Suriah</a> Alawiyah,<a href="#cite_note-The_National-535">[534]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Latakia-536">[535]</a><a href="#cite_note-537">[536]</a> dan banyak warga Alawiyah mendukung Presiden Bashar al-Assad yang juga Alawiyah,<a href="#cite_note-village-538">[537]</a> berbagai pihak <a href="/wiki/Oposisi_Suriah" title="Oposisi Suriah">oposisi</a> dan partai anti-Assad yang menuduh pemerintahan Bashar Assad terlibat kolusi dengan NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-cfr-539">[538]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIMEAssad-540">[539]</a> Kuatnya penolakan NIIS terhadap pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> akan menguatkan klaim bahwa pemerintah Suriah sedang diserang oleh "teroris" dan menjadi "rezim sekuler yang melawan al-Qaida dan kelompok jihad fanatik".<a href="#cite_note-Black-14-7-14-541">[540]</a> Beberapa sumber mengaku bahwa tahanan NIIS secara strategis dibebaskan dari penjara-penjara Suriah pada awal Perang Saudara Suriah tahun 2011.<a href="#cite_note-542">[541]</a> Pemerintah Suriah membeli minyak secara langsung dari NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_Nusra_oil-543">[542]</a> Pada Maret 2015, laporan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> mengungkapkan bahwa pemerintah Suriah dan NIIS bersama-sama mengoperasikan pabrik gas HESCO di Tabqa, Suriah tengah; pabrik ini masih memasok gas ke wilayah yang dikuasai pemerintah, dan pembangkit listrik pemerintah masih memasok listrik ke wilayah NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-544">[543]</a> Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> menyatakan bahwa pemerintah Suriah sengaja menghindari pasukan NIIS untuk melemahkan oposisi moderat seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Suriah_Bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Suriah Bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Suriah Bebas</a> (FSA),<a href="#cite_note-TIMEAssad-540">[539]</a> sekaligus "sengaja menyerahkan sebagian wilayahnya ke [NIIS] agar NIIS tampak seperti sumber masalah utama sehingga [Assad] bisa beralasan bahwa ia adalah pelindung Suriah dari [NIIS]".<a href="#cite_note-545">[544]</a> Analisis pangkalan data <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane%27s_Defence_Weekly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jane's Defence Weekly (halaman belum tersedia)">IHS Jane's Terrorism and Insurgency Center</a> mengonfirmasi bahwa sejak 1 Januari hingga 21 November 2014 hanya 6% serangan pasukan pemerintah Suriah yang diarahkan ke NIIS dan hanya 13% serangan NIIS yang diarahkan ke pasukan pemerintah.<a href="#cite_note-Assad_ISIL_Stats-534">[533]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koalisi_Nasional_Pasukan_Revolusi_dan_Oposisi_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koalisi Nasional Pasukan Revolusi dan Oposisi Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Koalisi Nasional Pasukan Revolusi dan Oposisi Suriah</a> menyatakan bahwa pemerintah Suriah memiliki agen di dalam NIIS,<a href="#cite_note-546">[545]</a> demikian halnya dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahrar_ash-Sham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahrar ash-Sham (halaman belum tersedia)">Ahrar ash-Sham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-547">[546]</a> Anggota ISIL yang ditangkap FSA mengklaim bahwa mereka diperintahkan untuk melancarkan serangan oleh agen pemerintah Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-548">[547]</a> Pada tanggal 1 Juni 2015, Amerika Serikat menyatakan bahwa pemerintah Suriah "melakukan serangan udara mendukung" laju NIIS terhadap oposisi Suriah di utara Aleppo.<a href="#cite_note-549">[548]</a> Presiden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koalisi_Nasional_untuk_Pasukan_Revolusi_dan_Oposisi_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koalisi Nasional untuk Pasukan Revolusi dan Oposisi Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Koalisi Nasional Suriah</a> Khaled Koja menuduh Assad berperan "sebagai angkatan udara [NIIS]".<a href="#cite_note-550">[549]</a> Menteri Pertahanan Koalisi Nasional Suriah <a href="/wiki/Salim_Idris" title="Salim Idris">Salim Idris</a> menyatakan bahwa kurang lebih 180 pejabat pemerintahan Suriah juga bekerja untuk NIIS dan memimpin serangan kelompok tersebut bersama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Arab_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Arab Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat Arab Suriah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-551">[550]</a> Laporan tanggal 25 Juni 2015 menyatakan bahwa NIIS menyalurkan gas ke pembangkit listrik yang dikuasai pemerintahan Assad. Selain itu, NIIS memasok gandum dari wilayah timur laut yang dikuasai Kurdi ke wilayah yang dikuasai pemerintah dengan pajak 25%.<a href="#cite_note-552">[551]</a> Pada tanggal 28 Juni 2015, sebuah sumber yang dekat dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisasi_Intelijen_Nasional_(Turki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisasi Intelijen Nasional (Turki) (halaman belum tersedia)">Organisasi Intelijen Nasional</a> mengklaim bahwa pemerintahan Assad dan NIIS sepakat untuk menghancurkan FSA di Suriah utara, melanjutkan perdagangan minyak, membunuh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zahran_Alloush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zahran Alloush (halaman belum tersedia)">Zahran Alloush</a>, dan menyerahkan <a href="/wiki/Tadmur" title="Tadmur">Tadmur</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukhna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukhna (halaman belum tersedia)">Sukhna</a>. Sumber tersebut mengatakan bahwa beberapa komandan dari kedua belah pihak bertemu di pabrik gas alam di al-Shaddadi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasaka (halaman belum tersedia)">Hasaka</a>, pada tanggal 28 Mei 2015. Bukannya menyepakati gencatan senjata, mereka justru berfokus menghancurkan musuh bersama, yaitu pasukan pemberontak Suriah, khususnya FSA.<a href="#cite_note-553">[552]</a> Perdana Menteri Turki Ahmet Davutoğlu menuduh NIIS bangkit karena komunitas internasional tidak mampu membendung rezim Assad sehingga menciptakan kekosongan kekuasaan yang kemudian direbut oleh NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-554">[553]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pelanggaran_HAM_dan_kejahatan_perang">Pelanggaran HAM dan kejahatan perang</h2></div> Pada Juli 2014, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> melaporkan bahwa kepala penyelidik PBB menyatakan, "Para pejuang Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (NIIS) akan dimasukkan ke daftar terduga pelaku kejahatan perang di Suriah."<a href="#cite_note-555">[554]</a> Per Juni 2014, menurut laporan PBB, NIIS telah membunuh ratusan tahanan perang<a href="#cite_note-reuters-scores-556">[555]</a> dan lebih dari 1.000 warga sipil. Bulan November 2014, Komisi Penyelidikan Suriah PBB menyatakan bahwa NIIS melakukan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan.<a href="#cite_note-557">[556]</a><a href="#cite_note-558">[557]</a> Laporan <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> bulan November 2014 menuduh NIIS <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Derna_oleh_NIIS_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendudukan Derna oleh NIIS 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">di Derna</a>, Libya, melakukan <a href="/wiki/Kejahatan_perang" title="Kejahatan perang">kejahatan perang</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelanggaran_HAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelanggaran HAM (halaman belum tersedia)">pelanggaran HAM</a> karena meneror penduduk setempat. Human Rights Watch mendokumentasikan tiga eksekusi di tempat dan sepuluh pelaksanaan hukuman cambuk secara terbuka oleh Dewan Syura Pemuda Islam yang bergabung dengan NIIS bulan November. HRW juga mendokumentasikan pemenggalan tiga penduduk Derna dan pembunuhan puluhan hakim, pejabat publik, anggota pasukan keamanan, dan unsur masyarakat lainnya dengan alasan politik. Sarah Leah Watson, Direktur HRW Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara, mengatakan, "Para komandan [NIIS] harus tahu bahwa mereka akan menghadapi penolakan dalam negeri atau luar negeri atas pelanggaran hak asasi yang dilakukan oleh bawahan mereka."<a href="#cite_note-559">[558]</a> Mengenai metode NIIS, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisi_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisi Hak Asasi Manusia Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangs (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisi Hak Asasi Manusia Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangs</a> menyatakan bahwa kelompok tersebut "berusaha menundukkan warga sipil di bawah kekuasaannya dan mengambil alih segala aspek kehidupan mereka lewat teror, indoktrinasi, dan penyediaan layanan masyarakat bagi penduduk yang mau mematuhi mereka".<a href="#cite_note-UNRuleOfTerror-560">[559]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penindasan_agama_dan_kelompok_minoritas">Penindasan agama dan kelompok minoritas</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penindasan_etnis_Asiria_oleh_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penindasan etnis Asiria oleh NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Penindasan etnis Asiria oleh NIIS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penindasan_etnis_Yazidi_oleh_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penindasan etnis Yazidi oleh NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Penindasan etnis Yazidi oleh NIIS</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Arabisasi" title="Arabisasi">Arabisasi</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yazidi_refugees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Yazidi_refugees.jpg/250px-Yazidi_refugees.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Yazidi_refugees.jpg/375px-Yazidi_refugees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Yazidi_refugees.jpg/500px-Yazidi_refugees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2730" /></a><figcaption>Pengungsi <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Sinjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunung Sinjar (halaman belum tersedia)">Gunung Sinjar</a>, Agustus 2014</figcaption></figure> NIIS memaksa orang-orang di wilayahnya untuk menjalani hidup sesuai hukum syariah versi NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-McCoyTop-561">[560]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bulos-562">[561]</a> Ada banyak laporan mengenai penggunaan ancaman hukuman mati, penyiksaan, dan mutilasi untuk memaksa perpindahan agama ke Islam,<a href="#cite_note-McCoyTop-561">[560]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bulos-562">[561]</a> dan pembunuhan sejumlah ulama karena menolak berbaiat kepada Negara Islam.<a href="#cite_note-Zarocostas-clerics-563">[562]</a> NIIS menargetkan tindakan kekerasannya terhadap Muslim <a href="/wiki/Islam_Syiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Syiah">Syiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alawi" title="Alawi">Alawi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnis_Asiria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnis Asiria (halaman belum tersedia)">Asiria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Kaldea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Kaldea">Kaldea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Suriah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Suriah">Suriah</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_di_Timur_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen di Timur Tengah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kristen</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shabak" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabak">Shabak</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandea (halaman belum tersedia)">Mandea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Christian-564">[563]</a> Para pejuang NIIS menargetkan sekte minoritas Alawi di Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-The_National-535">[534]</a><a href="#cite_note-village-538">[537]</a> Negara Islam dan kelompok-kelompok jihadis lainnya kabarnya memimpin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Latakia_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Latakia 2013 (halaman belum tersedia)">serangan</a> terhadap desa-desa Alawi di <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Latakia" title="Kegubernuran Latakia">Kegubernuran Latakia</a>, Suriah, bulan Agustus 2013.<a href="#cite_note-The_Latakia-536">[535]</a><a href="#cite_note-565">[564]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> menyatakan bahwa NIIS bertanggung jawab atas <a href="/wiki/Pembersihan_etnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembersihan etnis">pembersihan etnis</a> terhadap etnis dan kelompok minoritas agama tertentu di Irak utara dalam "skala yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya". Aksi mereka membuat kaum minoritas "terancam terhapus dari peta Irak". Dalam laporan khusus yang dirilis tanggal 2 September 2014, NIIS "secara sistematis menargetkan permukiman Muslim non-Arab dan non-Sunni, membunuh atau menculik ratusan, mungkin ribuan, orang dan memaksa lebih dari 830.000 orang mengungsi dari wilayah yang didudukinya sejak 10 Juni 2014". Di antara orang-orang tersebut terdapat kaum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_Asiria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen Asiria (halaman belum tersedia)">Kristen Asiria</a>, Syiah <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Irak" title="Turkmen Irak">Turkmen</a>, Syiah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnis_Shabak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnis Shabak (halaman belum tersedia)">Shabak</a>, Yazidi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaka%27i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaka'i (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaka'i</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandea_Sabea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandea Sabea (halaman belum tersedia)">Mandea Sabea</a> yang sudah hidup bersama selama berabad-abad di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi_Nineveh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi Nineveh (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Nineveh</a>, sebagian besar wilayahnya diduduki oleh NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-amnestyethnic-566">[565]</a><a href="#cite_note-567">[566]</a> Beberapa kasus pembunuhan warga sipil dari kalangan agama dan etnis minoritas oleh NIIS terjadi di desa dan kota Quiniyeh (70–90 orang Yazidi tewas), Hardan (60 orang Yazidi tewas), <a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Sinjar" title="Pembantaian Sinjar">Sinjar</a> (500–2.000 orang Yazidi tewas), Ramadi Jabal (60–70 orang Yazidi tewas), Dhola (50 orang Yazidi tewas), Khana Sor (100 orang Yazidi tewas), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardan (halaman belum tersedia)">Hardan</a> (250–300 orang Yazidi tewas), al-Shimal (puluhan orang Yazidi tewas), Khocho (400 orang Yazidi tewas dan 1.000 diculik), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadala (halaman belum tersedia)">Jadala</a> (14 orang Yazidi tewas),<a href="#cite_note-OHRCHR/UNAMI-568">[567]</a> dan Beshir (700 orang Turkmen Syiah tewas).<a href="#cite_note-cnsnews.com-569">[568]</a> Kasus pembunuhan lainnya terjadi di dekat Mosul (670 tahanan Syiah di penjara Badush tewas)<a href="#cite_note-cnsnews.com-569">[568]</a> dan penjara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tal_Afar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tal Afar (halaman belum tersedia)">Tal Afar</a>, Irak (200 orang Yazidi tewas karena menolak pindah agama).<a href="#cite_note-OHRCHR/UNAMI-568">[567]</a> PBB memperkirakan bahwa 5.000 etnis Yazidi dibunuh oleh NIIS saat sebagian wilayah Irak utara dicaplok kelompok tersebut bulan Agustus 2014.<a href="#cite_note-dailymail-yazidi-slavery-570">[569]</a> Pada akhir Mei 2014, 150 anak laki-laki Kurdi dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kobani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kobani (halaman belum tersedia)">Kobani</a> berusia 14–16 tahun diculik dan disiksa, menurut laporan Human Rights Watch.<a href="#cite_note-AP-Kurds-571">[570]</a> Di kota Ghraneij, Abu Haman, dan Kashkiyeh, 700 anggota suku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Shaitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Shaitat (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Shaitat</a> yang beraliran Sunni dibunuh karena merencanakan pemberontakan terhadap NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-572">[571]</a><a href="#cite_note-573">[572]</a> PBB melaporkan bahwa pada bulan Juni 2014, NIIS telah membunuh puluhan ulama Islam Sunni yang menolak berbaiat kepada kelompok tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-Zarocostas-clerics-563">[562]</a> Umat Kristen yang ingin tetap tinggal di wilayah pendudukan NIIS diberi tiga pilihan: pindah agama ke Islam, membayar <a href="/wiki/Jizyah" title="Jizyah">jizyah</a>, atau dibunuh.<a href="#cite_note-574">[573]</a><a href="#cite_note-575">[574]</a> Sesuai pernyataan NIIS, "Kami menawarkan mereka tiga pilihan: Islam; kontrak <a href="/wiki/Dzimmi" title="Dzimmi">dzimmi</a> yang mencakup pembayaran pajak jizyah; bila menolak, jalan keluarnya hanyalah pedang."<a href="#cite_note-christian-576">[575]</a> NIIS telah menerapkan aturan serupa bagi umat Kristen di Raqqa, kota yang dulunya sangat liberal di Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-CNN-577">[576]</a><a href="#cite_note-578">[577]</a> Pada tanggal 23 Februari 2015, menanggapi serangan besar-besaran Kurdi di <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Al-Hasakah" title="Kegubernuran Al-Hasakah">Kegubernuran Al-Hasakah</a>, NIIS menculik 150 orang Kristen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Asiria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Asiria (halaman belum tersedia)">Asiria</a> dari pedesaan dekat Tal Tamr (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tell_Tamer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tell Tamer (halaman belum tersedia)">Tell Tamer</a>) di Suriah timur laut setelah melancarkan serangan di kawasan tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-abducts-579">[578]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-abducts-580">[579]</a> Kampanye NIIS di permukiman Kurdi Dan Yazidi di Irak dan Suriah diduga merupakan bagian dari rencana Arabisasi yang terorganisasi. Misalnya, seorang pejabat Kurdi di Kurdistan Irak mengklaim bahwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Irak_Utara_(Agustus_2014)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Irak Utara (Agustus 2014) (halaman belum tersedia)">kampanye NIIS</a> di Sinjar merupakan bagian dari program Arabisasi.<a href="#cite_note-581">[580]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perlakuan_warga_sipil">Perlakuan warga sipil</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembunuhan_tahanan_oleh_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembunuhan tahanan oleh NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembunuhan tahanan oleh NIIS</a></div> Semasa konflik Irak tahun 2014, NIIS merilis puluhan video yang menampilkan perlakuan buruk terhadap warga sipil. Banyak di antaranya yang menjadi target atas dasar agama atau etnis. Navi Pillay, Komisaris Tinggi Hak Asasi Manusia PBB, memperingatkan soal kejahatan perang di zona perang Irak. Ia juga merilis laporan PBB mengenai pembunuhan tentara Irak dan 17 warga sipil di satu jalan raya Mosul oleh militan NIIS. PBB melaporkan bahwa dalam kurun 17 hari sejak 5 Juni sampai 22 Juni, NIIS telah membunuh lebih dari 1.000 warga sipil Irak dan menceerai lebih dari 1.000 orang.<a href="#cite_note-UN-1000-582">[581]</a><a href="#cite_note-un-2000-583">[582]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN-executes-584">[583]</a> Setelah NIIS merilis foto para pejuangnya menembaki beberapa pemuda, PBB menyatakan bahwa "eksekusi" berdarah dingin oleh militan di Irak utara sudah bisa digolongkan sebagai kejahatan perang.<a href="#cite_note-585">[584]</a> Laju NIIS di Irak pada pertengahan 2014 diiringi oleh berlanjutnya kekerasan di Suriah. Tanggal 29 Mei, NIIS menyerbu sebauh desa di Suriah dan 15 warga sipil di sana dibunuh, termasuk sedikitnya enam anak, menurut Human Rights Watch.<a href="#cite_note-586">[585]</a> Sebuah rumah sakit di kawasan tersebut menerima 15 jenazah pada hari yang sama.<a href="#cite_note-587">[586]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (halaman belum tersedia)">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a> melaporkan bahwa pada tanggal 1 Juni, seorang pria berusia 102 tahun dibunuh bersama keluarganya di sebuah desa di <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Hama" title="Kegubernuran Hama">Kegubernuran Hama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-588">[587]</a> Menurut <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, 1.878 orang dibunuh oleh NIIS di Suriah sepanjang paruh akhir 2014, kebanyakan di antaranya merupakan warga sipil.<a href="#cite_note-589">[588]</a> Di Mosul, NIIS memperkenalkan kurikulum <a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">syariah</a> yang melarang pelajaran kesenian, musik, sejarah nasional, sastra, dan <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>. Meski <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_evolusi_Charles_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori evolusi Charles Darwin (halaman belum tersedia)">teori evolusi Charles Darwin</a> tidak pernah diajarkan di sekolah-sekolah Irak, pelajaran tersebut dihapus dari kurikulum sekolah. Lagu-lagu patriotik dinyatakan sebagai bentuk pengkhianatan, dan foto-foto tertentu dihapus dari buku teks sekolah.<a href="#cite_note-MedievalCurriculum-590">[589]</a><a href="#cite_note-591">[590]</a><a href="#cite_note-592">[591]</a><a href="#cite_note-593">[592]</a> Banyak orang tua di Irak yang memboikot sekolah-sekolah yang menggunakan kurikulum baru.<a href="#cite_note-594">[593]</a> Setelah merebut kota di Irak, NIIS mengeluarkan panduan memakai pakaian dan cadar. NIIS memerintahkan agar perempuan di Mosul mengenakan cadar yang menutup muka atau menghadapi hukuman berat.<a href="#cite_note-Irish-595">[594]</a> Seorang ulama memberitahu Reuters di Mosul bahwa NIIS menyuruhnya untuk membacakan peraturan tersebut di hadapan jamaah masjidnya. NIIS memerintahkan agar wajah manekin pria dan wanita ditutup dan melarang penggunaan manekin telanjang.<a href="#cite_note-596">[595]</a> Di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Raqqah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Raqqah (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Raqqah</a>, NIIS memanfaatkan dua batalyon pejuang perempuan di kota tersebut untuk menegakkan peraturan terkait tindak perilaku perempuan.<a href="#cite_note-recruitingfemailfighters-597">[596]</a> NIIS merilis 16 catatan berjudul "Kontrak Kota", serangkaian peraturan untuk warga sipil di <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>. Salah satu aturan tersebut menyatakan bahwa perempuan harus diam di dalam rumah dan tidak keluar rumah kecuali mendesak. Peraturan lainnya menyatakan bahwa segala bentuk pencurian akan diganjar hukuman potong tangan.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_consumer-385">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-598">[597]</a> Selain melarang menjual dan mengonsumsi alkohol, NIIS juga melarang penjualan dan konsumsi rokok dan <a href="/wiki/Shisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shisha">shisha</a>. NIIS juga melarang "musik dan lagu di mobil, pesta, toko, dan ruang terbuka, serta pajangan bergambar manusia di jendela toko".<a href="#cite_note-al-monitor-banned-599">[598]</a> Menurut <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, praktik yang diterapkan pemerintah Arab Saudi juga ditiru oleh NIIS. Contohnya, NIIS membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepolisian_agama_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepolisian agama Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">kepolisian agama</a> untuk mencegah "tindak kejahatan" dan mewajibkan <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">salat</a> berjamaah, penerapan <a href="/wiki/Hukuman_mati" title="Hukuman mati">hukuman mati</a> secara luas, dan penghancuran gereja Kristen dan masjid non-Sunni atau pengalihgunaan bangunan tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-economist-behead-295">[294]</a> NIIS melakukan eksekusi terhadap pria dan wanita yang diduga melanggar hukum dan terbukti melakukan kejahatan terhadap Islam seperti <a href="/wiki/Homoseksualitas" title="Homoseksualitas">homoseksualitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perselingkuhan" title="Perselingkuhan">perselingkuhan</a>, menonton <a href="/wiki/Pornografi" title="Pornografi">pornografi</a>, memakai dan memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barang_selundupan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barang selundupan (halaman belum tersedia)">barang selundupan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemerkosaan" title="Pemerkosaan">pemerkosaan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_penistaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan penistaan (halaman belum tersedia)">penistaan agama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sihir" title="Sihir">sihir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-600">[599]</a> <a href="/wiki/Murtad" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtad">murtad dari Islam</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pembunuhan" title="Pembunuhan">pembunuhan</a>. Sebelum tersangka dieksekusi, tuduhan dibacakan di hadapan tersangka dan penonton eksekusi. Eksekusi dilakukan dalam berbagai cara, termasuk dilempari batu sampai mati, <a href="/wiki/Penyaliban" title="Penyaliban">disalib</a>, dipenggal, dibakar hidup-hidup, dan dilempar dari bangunan tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-601">[600]</a><a href="#cite_note-602">[601]</a><a href="#cite_note-603">[602]</a><a href="#cite_note-604">[603]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tentara_anak">Tentara anak</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksploitasi_anak-anak_oleh_militer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksploitasi anak-anak oleh militer (halaman belum tersedia)">Eksploitasi anak-anak oleh militer</a></div> Menurut laporan majalah <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a>, anak-anak berusia enam tahun direkrut atau diculik dan dikirim ke kamp pelatihan militer dan agama. Di sana mereka berlatih memenggal kepala boneka dan didoktrin tentang pandangan agama NIIS. Anak-anak dijadikan tameng manusia di garis depan dan sumber transfusi darah bagi tentara Negara Islam, menurut Shelly Whitman dari Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative. Episode kedua dokumenter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vice_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vice News (halaman belum tersedia)">Vice News</a> tentang NIIS berfokus pada bagaimana kelompok ini mempersiapkan anak-anak untuk pertempuran masa depan. Seorang juru bicara memberitahu Vice News bahwa anak-anak di bawah usia 15 tahun dikirim ke kamp <a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">syariah</a> untuk mempelajari agama Islam, sedangkan anak-anak di atas 16 tahun dikirim ke kamp pelatihan militer. Anak-anak juga digunakan sebagai bahan propaganda. Menurut laporan PBB, "Pada pertengahan Agustus, NIIS memasuki rumah sakit kanker di Mosul, memaksa sedikitnya dua pasien anak memegang bendera NIIS dan mengepos fotonya di Internet." Misty Buswell, perwakilan <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> yang menangani pengungsi di Yordania, mengatakan, "Perkiraan bahwa kita akan kehilangan satu generasi anak-anak akibat trauma itu tidak dilebih-lebihkan."<a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Policy_child-605">[604]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekerasan_dan_perbudakan_seksual">Kekerasan dan perbudakan seksual</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekerasan_seksual_dalam_pemberontakan_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekerasan seksual dalam pemberontakan Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekerasan seksual dalam pemberontakan Irak</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbudakan_dalam_Islamisme_abad_ke-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbudakan dalam Islamisme abad ke-21 (halaman belum tersedia)">Perbudakan dalam Islamisme abad ke-21</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbudakan_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbudakan dalam Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Perbudakan dalam Islam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_malakat_aymanukum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma malakat aymanukum (halaman belum tersedia)">Ma malakat aymanukum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raptio" title="Raptio">Raptio</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekerasan_seksual_dalam_perang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekerasan seksual dalam perang (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekerasan seksual dalam perang</a></div> Kekerasan seksual yang dilakukan oleh NIIS mencakup: pemerkosaan sebagai senjata perang;<a href="#cite_note-FP_rape_weapon-606">[605]</a> nikah paksa bagi para pejuangnya;<a href="#cite_note-Indie_Feb_2015-607">[606]</a> dan perdagangan perempuan sebagai budak seks.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_rape_theology-608">[607]</a> Ada banyak laporan pelecehan dan perbudakan seks terhadap perempuan di wilayah kekuasaan NIIS, khususnya dari kalangan minoritas Kristen dan Yazidi.<a href="#cite_note-BBC,womentell-609">[608]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nebehay-10-2-610">[609]</a> Para pejuang diberitahu bahwa mereka bebas berhubungan seks atau memerkosa tahanan perempuan non-Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-dn_20140923-611">[610]</a> Haleh Esfandiari dari <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</a> menyoroti pelecehan perempuan lokal oleh militan NIIS setelah mereka merebut suatu wilayah. Katanya, "Mereka biasanya membawa perempuan yang agak tua ke pasar budak dan menjualnya. Perempuan yang lebih muda ... diperkosa atau dinikahi dengan para pejuang". Ia menambahkan, "Sistem ini didasarkan pada pernikahan sementara. Setelah para pejuang ini berhubungan seks dengan gadis-gadis tersebut, mereka digilir ke pejuang lainnya."<a href="#cite_note-612">[611]</a> Penaklukan kota-kota di Irak oleh NIIS bulan Juni 2014 diiringi oleh naiknya jumlah <a href="/wiki/Kekerasan_terhadap_wanita" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekerasan terhadap wanita">kejahatan terhadap wanita</a>, termasuk penculikan dan pemerkosaan.<a href="#cite_note-IPS_women-613">[612]</a><a href="#cite_note-614">[613]</a><a href="#cite_note-giglio-615">[614]</a> Menurut Martin Williams di <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Citizen_(Afrika_Selatan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Citizen (Afrika Selatan) (halaman belum tersedia)">The Citizen</a>, sejumlah penganut <a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafi</a> garis keras tampaknya menganggap seks luar nikah dengan beberapa orang sebagai bentuk <a href="/wiki/Perang_suci" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang suci">perang suci</a> yang sah dan "sulit sekali mengaitkan hal ini dengan agama yang mewajibkan wanita untuk menutup tubuhnya dari rambut sampai kaki dengan sedikit celah di bagian mata".<a href="#cite_note-616">[615]</a> Per Agustus 2015, perdagangan budak seks tampaknya masih melibatkan perempuan Yazidi saja.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_rape_theology-608">[607]</a> Perbudakan seks kabarnya dijadikan teknik perekrutan untuk menarik para lelaki dari komunitas Muslim konservatif yang melarang pacaran dan seks luar nikah.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_rape_theology-608">[607]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazand_Begikhani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazand Begikhani (halaman belum tersedia)">Nazand Begikhani</a> mengatakan, "Para wanita [Yazidi] diperlakukan layaknya ternak ... Mereka mengalami kekerasan fisik dan seksual, termasuk pemerkosaan sistematis dan perbudakan seks. Mereka pernah diperjualbelikan di pasar [budak] di Mosul dan Raqqa, Suriah, dengan label harga masing-masing."<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Watson_cattle-617">[616]</a> Menurut laporan PBB< daftar harga budak seks NI berkisar antara 40 sampai 160 dolar Amerika Serikat. Semakin muda budaknya, semakin mahal harganya. Anak perempuan dan laki-laki berusia 1–9 tahun dianggap yang paling mahal. Harga termurah diberikan kepada perempuan berusia antara 40 sampai 50 tahun.<a href="#cite_note-618">[617]</a> Menurut sumber lainnya, harga seorang budak setara dengan harga satu senapan AK-47.<a href="#cite_note-619">[618]</a> Laporan PBB yang dirilis tanggal 2 Oktober 2014 berdasarkan wawancara dengan 500 saksi mata menyatakan bahwa NIIS menculik 450–500 perempuan ke kawasan <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Ninawa" title="Kegubernuran Ninawa">Nineveh</a>, Irak, pada bulan Agustus. Dari situ, "150 perempuan yang belum menikah, kebanyakan dari kalangan Yazidi dan Kristen, kabarnya dipindahkan ke Suriah, lalu dihadiahkan kepada pejuang NIIS atau dijual sebagai budak seks".<a href="#cite_note-Nebehay-10-2-610">[609]</a> Pada pertengahan Oktober, PBB membenarkan bahwa 5.000–7.000 perempuan Yazidi diculik oleh NIIS dan dijual sebagai budak.<a href="#cite_note-dailymail-yazidi-slavery-570">[569]</a><a href="#cite_note-620">[619]</a> Bulan November 2014, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> menerbitkan laporan penangkapan dan penyiksaan berdasarkan kesaksian lima orang yang kabur dari NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-621">[620]</a> Bulan Desember 2014, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kementerian_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_(Irak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kementerian Hak Asasi Manusia (Irak) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kementerian Hak Asasi Manusia</a> Irak mengumumkan bahwa NIIS telah membunuh lebih dari 150 perempuan di <a href="/wiki/Fallujah" title="Fallujah">Fallujah</a> yang menolak terlibat dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jihad_seks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jihad seks (halaman belum tersedia)">jihad seks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-622">[621]</a><a href="#cite_note-623">[622]</a> Perempuan non-Muslim kabarnya dinikahkan dengan para pejuang tanpa seizin mereka. NIIS mengklaim bahwa perempuan menyediakan mualaf baru dan anak-anak yang diperlukan untuk memperluas wilayah kendali NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui_-_Contrived_Ideology-624">[623]</a> Tidak lama setelah kematian sandera asal Amerika Serikat, <a href="/wiki/Kayla_Mueller" title="Kayla Mueller">Kayla Mueller</a>, dikonfirmasi tanggal 10 Februari 2015,<a href="#cite_note-625">[624]</a> sejumlah media melaporkan bahwa komunitas intelijen Amerika Serikat yakin bahwa ia diperistri oleh seorang pejuang NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-626">[625]</a><a href="#cite_note-627">[626]</a><a href="#cite_note-628">[627]</a> Pada Agustus 2015, muncul pernyataan resmi bahwa Mueller dipaksa menikah<a href="#cite_note-629">[628]</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> yang memerkosanya berkali-kali.<a href="#cite_note-Indie_Mueller_rape-630">[629]</a><a href="#cite_note-631">[630]</a><a href="#cite_note-632">[631]</a><a href="#cite_note-633">[632]</a><a href="#cite_note-634">[633]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goldman_and_Miller_2015-08-14-635">[634]</a><a href="#cite_note-636">[635]</a> Keluarga Mueller diberitahu oleh <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) bahwa Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi telah melakukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelecehan_seks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelecehan seks (halaman belum tersedia)">pelecehan seks</a> terhadap Mueller dan menyiksanya.<a href="#cite_note-Goldman_and_Miller_2015-08-14-635">[634]</a> Istri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sayyaf_(NIIS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sayyaf (NIIS) (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Sayyaf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Sayyaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Sayyaf (halaman belum tersedia)">Umm Sayyaf</a>, membenarkan bahwa suaminya merupakan pelaku utama penyiksaan Mueller.<a href="#cite_note-AbcNews2015-08-14-637">[636]</a> Dalam majalah digital <a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(majalah)" title="Dabiq (majalah)">Dabiq</a>, NIIS secara eksplisit mengesahkan perbudakan perempuan Yazidi dengan dasar agama.<a href="#cite_note-Abdelaziz_-_ISIS_States_Justification-638">[637]</a><a href="#cite_note-639">[638]</a><a href="#cite_note-640">[639]</a> Menurut <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, NIIS mengacu pada <a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Islam" title="Eskatologi Islam">kepercayaan kiamat</a> dan mencari "pembenaran [dari] sebuah hadits tafsiran mereka yang menyebut kebangkitan perbudakan sebagai awal dari akhir dunia".<a href="#cite_note-641">[640]</a> NIIS merujuk pada <a href="/wiki/Hadits" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadits">hadits</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran">Quran</a> saat mengklaim hak memperbudak dan memerkosa tahanan wanita non-Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-Abdelaziz_-_ISIS_States_Justification-638">[637]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sypher_-_Rape-642">[641]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kumar-643">[642]</a> Menurut Dabiq, "memperbudak keluarga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuffar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuffar (halaman belum tersedia)">kuffar</a> dan menjadikan perempuan di dalamnya sebagai selir adalah bagian resmi dari syariah; bila seseorang membantah atau memperoloknya, ia dianggap membantah atau memperolok ayat-ayat Quran dan perkataan Nabi ... dan lantas murtad dari Islam." Perempuan Yazidi yang diculik dibagi-bagikan ke para pejuang yang menculiknya; seperlima dari jumlah yang didapat diambil sebagai pajak.<a href="#cite_note-Kumar-643">[642]</a><a href="#cite_note-TZ_-_10-14-2014-644">[643]</a> NIIS dihujani kritik dari para cendekiawan Muslim dan tokoh lainnya di negara-negara Islam karena memanfaatkan ayat Quran untuk mengambil keputusan sendiri alih-alih mempertimbangkan seisi Quran dan hadits.<a href="#cite_note-Abdelaziz_-_ISIS_States_Justification-638">[637]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sypher_-_Rape-642">[641]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kumar-643">[642]</a> Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mona_Siddiqui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mona Siddiqui (halaman belum tersedia)">Mona Siddiqui</a>, "tafsir [NIIS] mungkin saja beralasan jihad dan 'berjuang di jalan Allah', tetapi tafsir tersebut setara dengan menghancurkan semua dan siapapun yang tidak sepakat dengan mereka"; ia menyebut NIIS mencerminkan "campuran mematikan antara kekerasan dan kekuasaan seks" dan "pandangan keperkasaan yang sangat melenceng".<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui_-_Contrived_Ideology-624">[623]</a> Dabiq menyebut "perbudakan besar-besaran" non-Muslim ini terjadi "mungkin untuk pertama kalinya sejak hukum syariah ditinggalkan".<a href="#cite_note-Kumar-643">[642]</a><a href="#cite_note-TZ_-_10-14-2014-644">[643]</a> Pada akhir 2014, NIIS merilis selebaran yang berfokus pada perlakuan budak perempuan.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_-_ISIS_Publish_Pamphlet-645">[644]</a><a href="#cite_note-Our_faith_condones-646">[645]</a> Selebaran tersebut mengklaim bahwa Quran mengizinkan para pejuang NIIS berhubungan seks dengan tahanan, termasuk anak kecil, dan memukul budak sebagai bentuk hukuman disiplin. Selebaran tersebut juga mengizinkan pejuang NIIS memperdagangkan budak, termasuk untuk keperluan seks, asalkan mereka tidak dihamili oleh pemiliknya.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_-_ISIS_Publish_Pamphlet-645">[644]</a><a href="#cite_note-Our_faith_condones-646">[645]</a><a href="#cite_note-Withnall_-_Abhorrent-647">[646]</a> Charlie Winter, peneliti <a href="/wiki/Wadah_pemikir" title="Wadah pemikir">wadah pemikir</a> kontra-ekstremis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quilliam_(wadah_pemikir)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quilliam (wadah pemikir) (halaman belum tersedia)">Quilliam</a>, menyebut selebaran tersebut "menjijikkan".<a href="#cite_note-Withnall_-_Abhorrent-647">[646]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lodge_-_IS_Issues_Abhorrent-648">[647]</a> Menanggapi dokumen tersebut, Abbas Barzegar, dosen agama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia State University (halaman belum tersedia)">Georgia State University</a>, mengatakan bahwa Muslim di seluruh dunia menganggap "penafsiran Islam [versi NIIS] mengerikan dan menjijikkan".<a href="#cite_note-Botelho_-_12/12/2014-649">[648]</a> Para pemimpin dan cendekiawan Muslim di seluruh dunia menolak keabsahan klaim NIIS. Mereka mengaku bahwa perbudakan bukan tindakan yang Islami dan mereka diwajibkan melindungi "ahli kitab", termasuk umat Kristen, Yahudi, Muslim, dan Yazidi. Mereka juga mencap fatwa NIIS tidak sah karena tidak ada kewenangan agama dan tidak konsisten dengan ajaran Islam.<a href="#cite_note-OpenLetToAlBagh-650">[649]</a><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-bagh-openlet-651">[650]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> melaporkan pada tahun 2015 bahwa penggunaan budak seks Yazidi menciptakan perpecahan di kalangan pejuang NIIS. Sajad Jiyad, peneliti dan anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Institute_for_Economic_Reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraqi Institute for Economic Reform (halaman belum tersedia)">Iraqi Institute for Economic Reform</a>, memberitahu surat kabar tersebut bahwa banyak pendukung dan pejuang NIIS yang membantah perdagangan perempuan Yazidi sebelum <a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(majalah)" title="Dabiq (majalah)">Dabiq</a> menerbitkan artikel yang membenarkan praktik tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-652">[651]</a><a href="#cite_note-653">[652]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> menulis pada Agustus 2015 bahwa "pemberontakan sistematis perempuan dari kalangan minoritas Yazidi sangat tertanam dalam organisasi ini dan teologi radikal Negara Islam satu tahun setelah kelompok tersebut mengumumkan akan meresmikan kembali perbudakan."<a href="#cite_note-NYT_rape_theology-608">[607]</a> Artikel tersebut mengklaim bahwa NIIS tidak hanya membangkitkan perbudakan, melainkan juga menyucikannya. Artikel ini memaparkan kesaksian para korban yang berhasil kabur. Seorang korban berusia 15 tahun mengatakan bahwa ketika ia dilecehkan, pemerkosanya "terus mengatakan kepada[nya] bahwa ini merupakan <a href="/wiki/Ibadah" title="Ibadah">ibadah</a>"; seorang korban berusia 12 tahun mengatakan bahwa pemerkosanya mengaku, "dengan memerkosa[nya], ia merasa lebih dekat dengan Tuhan";<a href="#cite_note-NYT_rape_theology-608">[607]</a> dan seorang tahanan dewasa mengatakan bahwa ia sempat menanyakan penculiknya tentang memerkosa anak berusia 12 tahun berkali-kali dan dijawab, "Bukan. Ia bukan anak kecil. Ia adalah budak dan ia tahu cara berhubungan seks dan berhubungan seks dengannya adalah tindakan yang dipuji Tuhan."<a href="#cite_note-NYT_rape_theology-608">[607]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serangan_terhadap_wartawan">Serangan terhadap wartawan</h3></div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_to_Protect_Journalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee to Protect Journalists (halaman belum tersedia)">Committee to Protect Journalists</a> menyatakan: "Tanpa pers bebas, hak asasi manusia lainnya tak dapat diperjuangkan."<a href="#cite_note-654">[653]</a> NIIS telah menyiksa dan membunuh wartawan lokal.<a href="#cite_note-655">[654]</a><a href="#cite_note-656">[655]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> menyebut aksi tersebut menciptakan "lubang hitam berita" di daerah-daerah yang diduduki NIIS. Para pejuang NIIS kabarnya diberi perintah tertulis untuk membunuh atau menangkap wartawan.<a href="#cite_note-en.rsf.org-657">[656]</a> Bulan Desember 2013, dua pengebom bunuh diri menyerbu markas TV Salaheddin dan membunuh lima wartawan karena stasiun tersebut dianggap "memberi citra buruk bagi masyarakat Sunni Irak". Reporters Without Borders melaporkan bahwa pada tanggal 7 September 2014, NIIS menculik Raad al-Azzawi, kamerawan TV Salaheddin, dari desa Samra, sebelah timur Tikrit; al-Azzawi dipenggal secara terbuka tanggal 11 Oktober.<a href="#cite_note-658">[657]</a> Per Oktober 2014, menurut Journalistic Freedoms Observatory, NIIS menahan sembilan wartawan dan mengintai sembilan lainnya di Mosul dan provinsi Salahuddin.<a href="#cite_note-en.rsf.org-657">[656]</a> Sepanjang tahun 2013 dan 2014, sebuah satuan NIIS bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Beatles_(sel_teroris)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Beatles (sel teroris) (halaman belum tersedia)">the Beatles</a> menculik dan menyandera 12 wartawan Barat beserta pekerja sosial dan sandera asing lainnya. Jumlah sandera diketahui mencapai 23 atau 24 orang. Wartawan Polandia Marcin Suder diculik bulan Juli 2013, namun kabur empat bulan kemudian.<a href="#cite_note-659">[658]</a> Satuan tersebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemenggalan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemenggalan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">mengeksekusi wartawan Amerika Serikat</a>, James Foley dan Steven Sotloff, dan merilis video pemenggalannya. Delapan wartawan lain dibebaskan setelah tebusannya dibayar: wartawan Denmark Daniel Rye Ottosen; wartawan Prancis Didier François, Edouard Elias, Nicolas Hénin, dan Pierre Torres; dan wartawan Spanyol Marc Marginedas, Javier Espinosa, dan Ricardo García Vilanova. Satuan ini masih menyandera wartawan Britania <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cantlie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cantlie (halaman belum tersedia)">John Cantlie</a> dan seorang pekerja sosial wanita.<a href="#cite_note-660">[659]</a> Grup keamanan siber <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizen_Lab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizen Lab (halaman belum tersedia)">Citizen Lab</a> merilis laporan bahwa mereka menemukan potensi hubungan antara NIIS dan serangan digital terhadap grup media warga Suriah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raqqa_Is_Being_Slaughtered_Silently&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently (halaman belum tersedia)">Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently</a> (RSS). Para pendukung grup media tersebut menerima surel tautan yang mengarah ke foto serangan udara. Tautan tersebut justru menanamkan malware ke komputer pengguna yang mengirimkan rincian alamat IP dan sistem komputer pengguna setiap kali komputer dinyalakan ulang. Informasi tersebut cukup bagi NIIS untuk melacak pendukung RSS. Menurut laporan tersebut, "[RSS] menjadi target penculikan, serbuan rumah, dan sedikitnya satu dugaan pembunuhan terencana. ... Saat laporan ini ditulis, NIIS diduga sedang menyandera beberapa wartawan warga di Raqqa".<a href="#cite_note-661">[660]</a> Tanggal 8 Januari 2015, anggota NIIS di Libya mengklaim telah mengeksekusi wartawan Tunisia, Sofiene Chourabi dan Nadhir Ktari, yang menghilang bulan September 2014.<a href="#cite_note-662">[661]</a> Pada bulan itu juga, wartawan Jepang <a href="/wiki/Kenji_Goto" title="Kenji Goto">Kenji Goto</a> diculik dan dipenggal setelah tebusan senilai $200 juta tidak dibayarkan.<a href="#cite_note-guardian20150131-663">[662]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemenggalan_dan_eksekusi_massal">Pemenggalan dan eksekusi massal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insiden_pemenggalan_oleh_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insiden pemenggalan oleh NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Insiden pemenggalan oleh NIIS</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Video_pemenggalan" title="Video pemenggalan">Video pemenggalan</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemenggalan_dalam_Islamisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemenggalan dalam Islamisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemenggalan dalam Islamisme</a></div> Banyak warga Suriah dan Irak, beberapa tentara Lebanon, sedikitnya sepuluh warga <a href="/wiki/Kurdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdi">Kurdi</a>, dua wartawan Amerika Serikat, satu pekerja bantuan Amerika Serikat dan dua dari Britania Raya, dan tiga warga Libya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemenggalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemenggalan (halaman belum tersedia)">dipenggal</a> oleh Negara Islam Irak dan Syam.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] NIIS menggunakan pemenggalan untuk mengintimidasi penduduk setempat dan merilis sejumlah video propaganda yang ditujukan kepada negara-negara Barat.<a href="#cite_note-PropagandaVideos-664">[663]</a> Mereka juga melakukan eksekusi terbuka tentara dan warga sipil Suriah dan Irak secara massal,<a href="#cite_note-village-538">[537]</a> kadang memaksa tahanan untuk menggali kuburannya sendiri sebelum menembaki barisan tahanan dan mendorong para tahanan ke dalam.<a href="#cite_note-665">[664]</a><a href="#cite_note-666">[665]</a> NIIS kabarnya memenggal sekitar 100 pejuang asing yang berusaha desersi dan kabur dari <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ft12-667">[666]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_senjata_kimia">Penggunaan senjata kimia</h3></div> Warga Kurdi di Irak utara kabarnya diserang oleh NIIS dengan senjata kimia pada Agustus 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Graun_Ks_gas-668">[667]</a> NIIS diduga kuat melepaskan gas klorin di Kobani. Senjata kimia tersebut mungkin berasal dari tempat penyimpanan snejata kimia di Al-Muthanna yang berisi 2.500 roket kimia. Meski kandungan kimia roketnya sudah kurang ampuh, NIIS mungkin menggunakannya secara terpusat.<a href="#cite_note-669">[668]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penghancuran_warisan_budaya_dan_agama">Penghancuran warisan budaya dan agama</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Penghancuran_warisan_budaya_oleh_NIIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghancuran warisan budaya oleh NIIS">Penghancuran warisan budaya oleh NIIS</a></div> Direktur Jenderal <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Irina_Bokova" title="Irina Bokova">Irina Bokova</a> memperingatkan bahwa NIIS sedang menghancurkan warisan budaya Irak lewat operasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembersihan_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembersihan budaya (halaman belum tersedia)">pembersihan budaya</a>. "Kita tidak punya banyak waktu karena para ekstremis hendak melenyapkan identitas, karena mereka tahu bahwa apabila identitas tidak ada, hilang pula ingatan, hilang pula sejarah", katanya. Mengacu pada kebudayaan kuno umat Kristen, Yazidi, dan kaum minoritas lain, ia mengatakan, "Ada cara untuk menghancurkan identitas. Hilangkan saja budaya mereka, hilangkan sejarah mereka, warisan mereka, dan itu sebabnya tindakan ini setara dengan genosida. Selain penindasan fisik, mereka hendak melenyapkan – menghapus – ingatan akan keragaman budaya ini. ... Menurut kami, tindakan ini mengejutkan dan tidak dapat diterima."<a href="#cite_note-670">[669]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saad_Eskander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saad Eskander (halaman belum tersedia)">Saad Eskander</a>, kepala Arsip Nasional Irak, mengatakan, "Untuk pertama kalinya umat manusia mengalami pembersihan budaya. ... Bagi kaum Yazidi, agama itu dari mulut ke mulut, tidak ada yang ditulis. Dengan menghancurkan tempat ibadah mereka ... Anda membunuh ingatan budaya. Sama halnya dengan umat Kristen - ini memang suatu ancaman yang tak dapat dibayangkan."<a href="#cite_note-CSM-671">[670]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:NiniveNabiYunisMinaret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NiniveNabiYunisMinaret.jpg/250px-NiniveNabiYunisMinaret.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NiniveNabiYunisMinaret.jpg/375px-NiniveNabiYunisMinaret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NiniveNabiYunisMinaret.jpg/500px-NiniveNabiYunisMinaret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Pada Juli 2014, NIIS menghancurkan masjid yang dipersembahkan kepada <a href="/wiki/Yunus" title="Yunus">Yunus</a> di Mosul</figcaption></figure> Untuk mendanai aktivitasnya, NIIS mencuri artefak dari Suriah<a href="#cite_note-672">[671]</a> dan Irak dan menjualnya ke Eropa. NIIS diperkirakan meraup US$200 juta per tahun lewat penjarahan budaya saja. UNESCO meminta <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Keamanan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> untuk mengendalikan penjualan barang antik sama seperti yang pernah dilakukan DK PBB setelah <a href="/wiki/Perang_Irak" title="Perang Irak">Perang Irak</a> 2003. UNESCO bekerja sama dengan <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>, otoritas bea cukai nasional, museum, dan rumah lelang besar untuk mencegah penjualan barang jarahan.<a href="#cite_note-CSM-671">[670]</a> ISIL menduduki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_Mosul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum Mosul (halaman belum tersedia)">Museum Mosul</a>, museum terpenting kedua di Irak, menjelang pembukaannya kembali setelah direnovasi bertahun-tahun pasca-Perang Irak. NIIS menyatakan bahwa patung-patung di dalamnya berlawanan dengan ajaran Islam dan mengancam menghancurkan isi museum tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-673">[672]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dickey-7.7.14-674">[673]</a> NIIS menganggap berdoa di kuburan sebagai tindakan <a href="/wiki/Syirik" title="Syirik">syirik</a> dan berupaya menyucikan kaum kafir. NIIS menggunakan alat berat untuk menghancurkan berbagai bangunan dan situs arkeologi.<a href="#cite_note-Dickey-7.7.14-674">[673]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Haykel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Haykel (halaman belum tersedia)">Bernard Haykel</a> menyebut tindakan al-Baghdadi sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Wahhabisme" title="Wahhabisme">Wahhabisme</a> yang belum jinak". Ia mengatakan, "Bagi Al Qaeda, kekerasan adalah cara mencapai tujuan; bagi NIIS, [kekerasan] adalah tujuan itu sendiri".<a href="#cite_note-ISIS-NYT-294">[293]</a> Penghancuran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masjid_dan_tempat_suci_di_Mosul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masjid dan tempat suci di Mosul (halaman belum tersedia)">makam dan tempat suci nabi Yunus</a>, masjid <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Muhammad_Hamid_ed-Din" title="Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din">Imam Yahya Abu al-Qassimin</a> abad ke-13, tempat suci nabi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerjis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerjis (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerjis</a> abad ke-14, dan upaya penghancuran menara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masjid_dan_tempat_suci_di_Mosul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masjid dan tempat suci di Mosul (halaman belum tersedia)">Hadba</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masjid_dan_tempat_suci_di_Mosul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masjid dan tempat suci di Mosul (halaman belum tersedia)">Masjid Agung Al-Nuri</a> abad ke-12 pada bulan Juli 2014 dijuluki sebagai "tindakan Wahhabisme ekstrem yang tidak dicegah".<a href="#cite_note-Al-Alawi-675">[674]</a> "Ada serangakain ledakan yang menghancurkan bangunan <a href="/wiki/Asiria" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiria">zaman Asiria</a>", kata direktur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_Nasional_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum Nasional Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Museum Nasional Irak</a>, Qais Rasyid, mengacu pada penghancuran tempat suci Yunus. Ia menyebut kasus lain ketika "Daesh (NIIS) mengumpulkan lebih dari 1.500 manuskrip dari kuil dan tempat suci lainnya dan membakarnya di alun-alun kota".<a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-676">[675]</a> Pada Maret 2015, NIIS kabarnya menghancurkan kota <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a> yang dibangun pada zaman Asiria abad ke-13 SM dengan alasan syirik. Direktur Jenderal UNESCO menganggap tindakan tersebut sebagai kejahatan perang.<a href="#cite_note-677">[676]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksploitasi_kejadian_bencana_alam">Eksploitasi kejadian bencana alam</h3></div> NIIS dilaporkan mengeksploitasi kejadian <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Turki%E2%80%93Suriah_2023" title="Gempa bumi Turki–Suriah 2023">gempa bumi di Turki dan Suriah 6 Februari 2023</a> untuk konten propaganda mereka yang dianggap merampas hak korban gempa bumi, tidak sesuai sains kontemporer, aksi "main hakim sendiri" secara verbal, "kesempatan dalam kesempitan" — menarasikannya sebagai "amukan Ilahi kepada bangsa Turki karena meninggalkan hukum Syariah, menegakkan hukum bangsa kafir, menjalani gaya hidup bangsa kafir, menyatakan perang melawan NIIS dan bersekutu dengan bala tentara bangsa kafir (NATO)".<a href="#cite_note-678">[677]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikasi">Klasifikasi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_organisasi_teroris">Status organisasi teroris</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Daftar_organisasi_teroris_resmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar organisasi teroris resmi">Daftar organisasi teroris resmi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Terorisme" title="Terorisme">Terorisme</a></div> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organisasi</th> <th>Tanggal</th> <th>Lembaga</th> <th>Referensi </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: silver; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;">Organisasi multinasional </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</td> <td>18 Oktober 2004 (dengan nama <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_di_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda di Irak">al-Qaeda di Irak</a>) 30 Mei 2013 (setelah berpisah dari <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al‑Qaeda</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Keamanan_PBB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Keamanan PBB">Dewan Keamanan PBB</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-UN-679">[678]</a><a href="#cite_note-680">[679]</a><a href="#cite_note-681">[680]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> Uni Eropa</td> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Uni_Eropa" title="Dewan Uni Eropa">Dewan UE</a> (melalui penerapan Daftar Sanksi al-Qaeda PBB)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-berghof-foundation.org-682">[681]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: silver; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;">Negara </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Britania Raya</td> <td>Maret 2001 (bagian dari al-Qaeda) 20 Juni 2014 (setelah berpisah dari al‑Qaeda)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Home_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Office">Kementerian Dalam Negeri Britania</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-UK_proscribed-683">[682]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> Amerika Serikat</td> <td>17 Desember 2004 (dengan nama al-Qaeda di Irak)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Departemen_Luar_Negeri_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat">Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-US_proscribed-684">[683]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> Australia</td> <td>2 Maret 2005 (dengan nama al-Qaeda di Irak) 14 December 2013 (setelah berpisah dari al‑Qaeda)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaksa_Umum_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaksa Umum Australia (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaksa Umum Australia</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Australia_proscribed-685">[684]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Kanada</td> <td>20 Agustus 2012</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parlemen_Kanada" title="Parlemen Kanada">Parlemen Kanada</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Canada_proscribed-686">[685]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Turki</td> <td>30 Oktober 2013</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majelis_Nasional_Besar_Turki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majelis Nasional Besar Turki (halaman belum tersedia)">Majelis Nasional Besar Turki</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-687">[686]</a><a href="#cite_note-688">[687]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Arab Saudi</td> <td>7 Maret 2014</td> <td>Dekret <a href="/wiki/Raja_Arab_Saudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Arab Saudi">Raja Arab Saudi</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_proscribed-689">[688]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Indonesia</td> <td>1 Agustus 2014</td> <td>Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-690">[689]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Uni Emirat Arab</td> <td>20 Agustus 2014</td> <td>Kabinet Uni Emirat Arab</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-691">[690]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Malaysia</td> <td>24 September 2014</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kementerian_Luar_Negeri_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kementerian Luar Negeri (Malaysia) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kementerian Luar Negeri</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-692">[691]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Mesir</td> <td>30 November 2014</td> <td>Pengadilan Urusan Mendesak Kairo</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-693">[692]</a><a href="#cite_note-694">[693]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> India</td> <td>16 Desember 2014</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kementerian_Dalam_Negeri_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kementerian Dalam Negeri (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kementerian Dalam Negeri</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-695">[694]</a><a href="#cite_note-696">[695]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Russia</td> <td>29 Desember 2014</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahkamah_Agung_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahkamah Agung Rusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Mahkamah Agung Rusia</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-697">[696]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Kirgizstan</td> <td>25 Maret 2015</td> <td>Komite Keamanan Nasional Kirgizstan</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Kyrgyzstan_Designation-698">[697]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Suriah</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-699">[698]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Yordania</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-700">[699]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Pakistan</td> <td>29 Agustus 2015</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kementerian_Dalam_Negeri_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kementerian Dalam Negeri Pakistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kementerian Dalam Negeri</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ET-701">[700]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <a href="/wiki/Resolusi_Dewan_Keamanan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa_1267" class="mw-redirect" title="Resolusi Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa 1267">Resolusi 1267</a> <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Keamanan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> (1999) mencantumkan <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> dan rekan sejawatnya di al-Qaeda sebagai operator jaringan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_pelatihan_teroris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp pelatihan teroris (halaman belum tersedia)">kamp pelatihan teroris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNbinLaden-702">[701]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komite_Sanksi_Al-Qaida_dan_Taliban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komite Sanksi Al-Qaida dan Taliban (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Sanksi Al-Qaida</a> PBB pertama kali memasukkan NIIS ke daftar sanksinya dengan nama "Al-Qaida in Iraq" tanggal 18 Oktober 2004 sebagai badan/kelompok yang berkaitan dengan al-Qaeda. Pada tanggal 2 Juni 2014, kelompok ini terdaftar dengan nama "Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant". <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> mengadopsi daftar sanksi PBB pada tahun 2002.<a href="#cite_note-berghof-foundation.org-682">[681]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg/250px-Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg/375px-Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg/500px-Memorial_to_November_2015_Paris_attacks_at_French_embassy_in_Moscow_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4660" data-file-height="3223" /></a><figcaption>Masyarakat meletakkan bunga di luar <a href="/wiki/Daftar_misi_diplomatik_Prancis" title="Daftar misi diplomatik Prancis">kedutaan besar Prancis</a> di <a href="/wiki/Moskwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskwa">Moskwa</a> setelah <a href="/wiki/Serangan_Paris_November_2015" title="Serangan Paris November 2015">serangan Paris November 2015</a>.</figcaption></figure> Banyak pemimpin dunia dan juru bicara pemerintahan yang mencap NIIS sebagai kelompok teroris atau melarang pendiriannya tanpa menetapkannya sebagai organisasi teroris resmi. Pemerintah Jerman melarang NIIS pada bulan September 2014. Aktivitas yang dilarang meliputi sumbangan dana, perekrutan anggota, pertemuan NIIS dan penyebaran propaganda, pengibaran bendera dan simbol NIIS, dan segala aktivitas NIIS. Menurut politikus Jerman <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a>, "organisasi teror Negara Islam adalah ancaman terhadap keamanan masyarakat di Jerman. ... Larangan tersebut ditujukan kepada teroris yang memanfaatkan agama untuk meraih tujuan kejahatannya." Larangan tersebut tidak berarti NIIS telah ditetapkan sebagai organisasi teroris asing di Jerman karena penetapan semacam itu memerlukan keputusan pengadilan.<a href="#cite_note-703">[702]</a> Pada bulan Oktober 2014, Swiss melarang aktivitas NIIS di negara tersebut, termasuk propaganda dan bantuan keuangan untuk para pejuang, dengan ancaman kurungan penjara.<a href="#cite_note-704">[703]</a> Pada pertengahan Desember 2014, India melarang NIIS setelah menangkap operator akun Twitter pro-NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-705">[704]</a> Pakistan menetapkan NIIS sebagai organisasi terlarang pada akhir Agustus 2015. Semua elemen yang menyatakan simpatinya terhadap keloompok tersebut akan masuk daftar hitam dan dijatuhi sanksi.<a href="#cite_note-ET-701">[700]</a> Sumber media di seluruh dunia telah menetapkan NIIS sebagai organisasi teroris.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes27Aug14-225">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-20140617-435">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-ListerTop-477">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-McCoyTop-561">[560]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-690">[689]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelompok_teroris,_milisi,_atau_penguasa_wilayah">Kelompok teroris, milisi, atau penguasa wilayah</h3></div> Pada tahun 2014, NIIS cenderung dipandang sebagai <a href="/wiki/Milisi" title="Milisi">milisi</a> alih-alih kelompok teroris.<a href="#cite_note-Time-706">[705]</a> Ketika kota-kota besar di Irak jatuh ke tangan NIIS bulan Juni 2014, Jessica Lewis, mantan pejabat intelijen Angkatan Darat A.S. di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Study_of_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for the Study of War (halaman belum tersedia)">Institute for the Study of War</a>, menjelaskan bahwa NIIS <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">bukan persoalan teroris lagi, [melainkan] pasukan militer yang bergerak di Irak dan Suriah, dan mereka menguasai sebuah wilayah. Mereka memiliki pemerintahan bayangan di dan sekitar <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, dan mereka punya tujuan untuk berkuasa. Saya kurang tahu apakah mereka ingin menguasai Baghdad atau menghancurkan fungsi negara Irak. Namun demikian, semua ini akan sangat merugikan bagi Irak.<a href="#cite_note-Time-706">[705]</a></blockquote> Lewis menyebut NIIS <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">sebuah kepemimpinan militer yang maju. Mereka memiliki komando dan kendali yang luar biasa serta mekanisme pelaporan canggih dari lapangan yang dapat menyampaikan taktik dan perintah ke atas dan bawah struktur organisasi. Mereka memiliki arus dana yang baik, dan mereka punya tenaga manusia yang besar, tidak hanya pejuang asing, tetapi juga tahanan yang kabur.<a href="#cite_note-Time-706">[705]</a></blockquote> Meski sejumlah pejabat khawatir NIIS akan memicu serangan di Amerika Serikat lewat simpatisan atau veteran NIIS, badan intelijen A.S. tidak menemukan rencana atau ancaman tertentu. Mantan Menteri Pertahanan A.S. <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a> melihat "ancaman mendesak terhadap segala kepentingan kita," tetapi mantan penasihat kontra-terorisme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Benjamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Benjamin (halaman belum tersedia)">Daniel Benjamin</a> menyebut pernyataan penuh peringatan semacam itu "omong kosong" yang membuat masyarakat panik.<a href="#cite_note-threat-707">[706]</a> Mantan Menteri Luar Negeri Britania Raya <a href="/wiki/David_Miliband" title="David Miliband">David Miliband</a> mengakui bahwa <a href="/wiki/Invasi_Irak_2003" title="Invasi Irak 2003">invasi Irak 2003</a> memicu terbentuknya NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-708">[707]</a> Sejumlah komentator berita seperti kolumnis harian internasional <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwynne_Dyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwynne Dyer (halaman belum tersedia)">Gwynne Dyer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-709">[708]</a> dan sampel opini publik Amerika Serikat seperti survei <a href="/wiki/NPR" class="mw-redirect" title="NPR">NPR</a>,<a href="#cite_note-710">[709]</a> mendukung tanggapan kuat namun teratur terhadap tindakan provokasi NIIS. Di <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Mishra" title="Pankaj Mishra">Pankaj Mishra</a> menolak pandangan bahwa kelompok ini merupakan kebangkitan Islam abad pertengahan dan menyatakan bahwa <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">Sebenarnya, NIIS adalah pelaku yang paling cerdik dalam tatanan ketidakpuasan internasional: pelaku yang paling pintar memanfaatkan situasi di antara semua pelaku yang menawarkan keamanan identitas bersama kepada orang-orang yang terisolasi dan penuh ketakutan. Bersama para pelaku yang menjual keunggulan ras, bangsa, dan agama, NIIS merupakan jalan untuk menumpahkan kegelisahan dan frustrasi kehidupan pribadi dalam bentuk tindakan kekerasan global.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-711">[710]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritik_dan_kontroversi">Kritik dan kontroversi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kritik_dari_kalangan_Muslim">Kritik dari kalangan Muslim</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" title="Khawarij">Khawarij</a></div> Ekstremisme Islam sudah ada sejak abad ke-7 di kalangan kaum <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" title="Khawarij">Khawarij</a>. Dari posisi politiknya, mereka mengembangkan doktrin ekstrem yang membedakan golongannya dengan golongan Muslim Sunni dan Syi'ah. Kaum Khariji dikenal karena mengadopsi pendekatan radikal terhadap konsep <a href="/wiki/Takfiri" title="Takfiri">takfiri</a>; mereka menyatakan bahwa Muslim selain mereka adalah kafir dan layak dibunuh.<a href="#cite_note-SheemaKhan-712">[711]</a><a href="#cite_note-713">[712]</a><a href="#cite_note-714">[713]</a> NIIS dihujani banyak <a href="#NYTquotestheorists">kritik dari sesama Muslim</a>, khususnya alim ulama dan teolog. Pada akhir Agustus 2014, <a href="/wiki/Mufti_Agung" title="Mufti Agung">Mufti Agung</a> Arab Saudi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul-Aziz_ibn_Abdullah_Al_ash-Sheikh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh (halaman belum tersedia)">Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh</a>, mengutuk Negara Islam dan al-Qaeda dengan menyatakan, "Ide dan terorisme ekstremis dan militan yang menyebarkan kerusakan di muka Bumi [dan] menghancurkan peradaban manusia bukan bagian dari Islam, melainkan musuh Islam nomor satu, dan Muslim adalah korban pertama mereka".<a href="#cite_note-SaudiGrandMuftiCondemn-715">[714]</a> Pada akhir September 2014, 126 <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> Sunni dan ulama Islam—terutama <a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">Sufi</a><a href="#cite_note-MM141001-716">[715]</a>—dari seluruh dunia menandatangani <a href="/wiki/Surat_terbuka" title="Surat terbuka">surat terbuka</a> kepada pemimpin Negara Islam, al-Baghdadi, yang isinya menolak dan membantah penafsiran teks-teks Islam, <a href="/wiki/Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran">Quran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hadits" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadits">hadits</a>, versi NIIS yang dimanfaatkan untuk membenarkan segala tindakannya.<a href="#cite_note-huffpost-bagh-openlet-651">[650]</a><a href="#cite_note-christianpost-2014-09-25-717">[716]</a> Menurut surat tersebut, "[NIIS] memelintirkan Islam menjadi agama kekerasan, kebrutalan, penyiksaan, dan pembunuhan ... ini melenceng sekali dan merupakan pelanggaran terhadap Islam, Muslim, dan seluruh dunia."<a href="#cite_note-OpenLetToAlBagh-650">[649]</a> Surat tersebut menegur Negara Islam karena membunuh tahanan, dan menyatakan pembunuhan tersebut adalah "<a href="/wiki/Kejahatan_perang" title="Kejahatan perang">kejahatan perang</a> yang hina" dan penindasan kaum <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> di Irak "sangat terkutuk". Terkait "klaim 'Negara Islam'", surat tersebut menolak eksistensi kelompok tersebut karena melaksanakan pembunuhan dan aksi brutal dengan alasan <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>—perjuangan suci—dan menyatakan bahwa "pengorbanan" tanpa sebab, tujuan, dan niat yang jelas "bukanlah jihad, melainkan seruan perang dan tindak kejahatan".<a href="#cite_note-OpenLetToAlBagh-650">[649]</a><a href="#cite_note-Offence2Islam-718">[717]</a> Surat tersebut juga menuduh NIIS melakukan <a href="/wiki/Fitnah" title="Fitnah">fitnah</a> dengan melakukan perbudakan yang berlawanan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Islam_terhadap_perbudakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Islam terhadap perbudakan (halaman belum tersedia)">kesepakatan anti-perbudakan</a> yang dikemukakan berbagai <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OpenLetToAlBagh-650">[649]</a> Sejumlah ulama juga mencap NIIS bukan golongan Sunni, melainkan <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" title="Khawarij">Khawarij</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SheemaKhan-712">[711]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg/250px-Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg/375px-Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg/500px-Wien_-_Kobane-Demo_2014-10-10_-_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Unjuk rasa Kurdi terhadap NIIS di <a href="/wiki/Wina" title="Wina">Wina</a>, Austria, 10 Oktober 2014</figcaption></figure> Menurut The New York Times, "semua teoriwan jihadis paling berpengaruh mengkritik Negara Islam karena melenceng [dari ajaran asli] dan menyatakan [Negara Islam] tidak sah". Mereka juga menolak NIIS karena memenggal wartawan dan pekerja sosial.<a href="#cite_note-ISIS-NYT-294">[293]</a> Eksistensi NIIS ditolak olah berbagai pemuka agama Islam, termasuk ulama Saudi dan al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-huffpost-wahhabi-287">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS-NYT-294">[293]</a> Kritikus Sunni, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">mufti</a> Salafi dan jihadis seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adnan_al-Aroor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adnan al-Aroor (halaman belum tersedia)">Adnan al-Aroor</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Basir_al-Tartusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Basir al-Tartusi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Basir al-Tartusi</a>, mengatakan bahwa NIIS dan kelompok teroris lainnya bukan Sunni, melainkan <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" title="Khawarij">Khawarij</a> modern—Muslim yang keluar dari arus utama Islam—yang berusaha mengusung agenda anti-Islam imperialis.<a href="#cite_note-719">[718]</a><a href="#cite_note-econ140906-720">[719]</a> Kritikus NIIS lainnya meliputi kaum Salafis yang sebelumnya mendukung kelompok-kelompok jihadis seperti al-Qaeda, misalnya pejabat pemerintahan Saudi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saleh_Al-Fawzan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saleh Al-Fawzan (halaman belum tersedia)">Saleh Al-Fawzan</a> yang dikenal karena pandangan-pandangan ekstremnya. Al-Fawzan mengklaim bahwa NIIS adalah ciptaan "kaum Zionis, Salibis, dan Safavid". Penulis Yordania-Palestina, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muhammad_al-Maqdisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi</a>, mantan pengajar spiritual <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>, dibebaskan dari penjara di Yordania bulan Juni 2014 dan menuduh NIIS berusaha memecah-belah persatuan Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-econ140906-720">[719]</a> Deklarasi kekhalifahan NIIS dikritik dan legitimasinya dipertanyakan oleh sejumlah negara di Timur Tengah, kelompok jihadis,<a href="#cite_note-721">[720]</a> dan ulama dan sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Sunni">Muslim Sunni</a>. Penyiar TV dan ulama Qatar <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a> menyatakan, "Deklarasi yang dikeluarkan Negara Islam tidak sah menurut <a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">syariah</a> dan memiliki dampak berbahaya bagi umat Sunni di Irak dan pemberontakan di Suriah". Ia juga menambahkan bahwa gelar khalifah "hanya dapat dianugerahkan oleh seluruh umat Islam", bukan satu kelompok saja.<a href="#cite_note-Caliph_address-722">[721]</a> Kritik juga dilontarkan karena NIIS memberlakukan hukuman mati bagi Muslim yang melanggar hukum <a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">syariah</a> tradisional, namun pada saat yang bersamaan melanggarnya (contohnya meminta perempuan pindah ke wilayahnya tanpa <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">wali</a>—pendamping laki-laki—dan tanpa keinginannya).<a href="#cite_note-haykel-6-8-15-723">[722]</a> NIIS juga dikritik karena menggembar-gemborkan pencitraan lama (penunggang kuda dan pedang), namun melakukan <a href="/wiki/Bidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidah">bidah</a> (pemutakhiran agama) dengan membentuk kepolisian agama perempuan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Al-Khansaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Al-Khansaa (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Al-Khansaa</a>).<a href="#cite_note-haykel2-6-8-15-724">[723]</a> Dua hari setelah pemenggalan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herv%C3%A9_Gourdel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hervé Gourdel (halaman belum tersedia)">Hervé Gourdel</a>, ratusan Muslim berkumpul di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masjid_Agung_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masjid Agung Paris (halaman belum tersedia)">Masjid Agung Paris</a> untuk menunjukkan solidaritas terhadap korban pemenggalan tersebut. Unjuk rasa ini dipimpin oleh ketua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Umat_Islam_Prancis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Umat Islam Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Umat Islam Prancis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalil_Boubakeur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalil Boubakeur (halaman belum tersedia)">Dalil Boubakeur</a>, dan diikuti oleh ribuan Muslim di seluruh Prancis dengan slogan "Not in my name" ("jangan bawa-bawa agama saya").<a href="#cite_note-ibt-09-28-725">[724]</a><a href="#cite_note-726">[725]</a> Presiden Prancis <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> menyatakan bahwa pemenggalan Gourdel merupakan "tindakan pengecut" dan "keji". Ia juga membenarkan bahwa serangan udara terhadap target-target NIIS di Irak akan terus berlanjut. Hollande juga mengumumkan tiga hari berkabung nasional. Bendera di seluruh Prancis dikibarkan setengah tiang dan keamanan di seluruh Paris diperketat.<a href="#cite_note-ibt-09-28-725">[724]</a> Seorang hakim pengadilan syariah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Islam_(Suriah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Islam (Suriah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Islam</a> di Aleppo, Mohamed Najeeb Bannan, menyatakan bahwa, "Hukum mengacu pada syariah Islam, Kasusnya beragam, mulai dari perampokan, penggunaan obat-obatan terlarang, hingga kejahatan moral. Tugas kami adalah mempertimbangkan semua tindak kejahatan yang dilaporkan kepada kami. ... Setelah rezim [Assad] runtuh, kami yakin mayoritas Muslim di Suriah akan mendukung pembentukan negara Islam. Tentu saja, penting sekali untuk mengatakan bahwa syariah Islam akan memotong tangan dan kepala orang-orang, tetapi ini hanya berlaku untuk penjahat. Membunuh, menyalib orang-orang tanpa alasan yang jelas tidak benar sama sekali." Terkait perbedaan antara syariah versi Front Islam dan NIIS, ia mengatakan, "Salah satu kesalahan mereka adalah mereka mulai menerapkan syariah sebelum rezim [Assad] jatuh dan sebelum memiliki tamkin [negara yang stabil]. Mereka mengira Tuhan mengizinkan mereka menguasai wilayah dan langsung mendirikan kekhalifahan. Ini jelas-jelas bertentangan dengan ajaran para alim ulama di seluruh dunia. Di sinilah kesalahan [NIIS]. Mereka justru akan membawa banyak masalah. Semua orang yang menolak [NIIS] akan dianggap menolak syariah dan dihukum berat."<a href="#cite_note-727">[726]</a><a href="#cite_note-728">[727]</a> Al-Qaeda & Al-Nusra sudah lama mencoba memanfaatkan kebangkitan NIIS dengan mengklaim ideologinya "lebih moderat" dibandingkan NIIS yang "lebih ekstrem" meski tujuannya sama-sama menerapkan syariah dan mendirikan kekhalifahan. Kedua kelompok tersebut mengaku melakukannya secara bertahap, tidak seperti NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-729">[728]</a><a href="#cite_note-730">[729]</a><a href="#cite_note-731">[730]</a><a href="#cite_note-732">[731]</a><a href="#cite_note-733">[732]</a> Al-Nusra mengkritik penerapan syariah yang terlalu cepat oleh NIIS karena malah mengusir banyak orang. Al-Nusra justru memilih pendekatan bertahap a la al-Qaeda dengan mempersiapkan masyarakat untuk menerimanya lewat pendidikan sebelum melaksanakan aspek-aspek hudud dalam syariah seperti melempar kaum homoseksual dari atas bangunan, memotong tangan, dan rajam.<a href="#cite_note-Joscelyn-304">[303]</a> Nusra dan ISIL sama-sama menolak aliran <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>. Perbedaannya adalah Nusra tampaknya lebih puas menghancurkan tempat-tempat ibadah Druze dan memperkenalkan aliran Sunni ke umat Druze, sedangkan NIIS ingin melenyapkan umat Druze seperti yang mereka lakukan terhadap kaum Yazidi.<a href="#cite_note-734">[733]</a> Ayman al-Zawahiri meminta konsultasi (syura) dengan "cara-cara nabawi" saat hendak mendirikan kekhalifahan. Ia mengkritik Baghdadi karena tidak mengikuti cara resmi. Ia juga meminta anggota NIIS bergabung dengan al-Qaeda untuk berjuang melawan Assad, Syi'ah, Rusia, Eropa, dan Amerika Serikat dan menghentikan perselisihan antara sesama kelompok jihadis. Ia meminta para jihadis untuk mendirikan negara Islam di Mesir dan Syam, pelan-pelan menerapkan hukum syariah sebelum mendirikan kekhalifahan, dan melakukan serangan besar terhadap Amerika Serikat dan BArat.<a href="#cite_note-735">[734]</a> Kelompok <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Islam" title="Jaysh al-Islam">Jaysh al-Islam</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Islam_(Suriah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Islam (Suriah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Islam</a> mengkritik NIIS dengan alasan, "Mereka membunuh umat Islam dan membiarkan para pemuja berhala" dan "mereka memanfaatkan ayat-ayat tentang orang kafir dan menggunakannya terhadap sesama Muslim".<a href="#cite_note-736">[735]</a> Kritik utama yang dilontarkan para desertir NIIS adalah NIIS memerangi dan membunuhi sesama Muslim Sunni,<a href="#cite_note-737">[736]</a> jadi bukan non-Sunni saja yang menjadi korban kekerasan NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-738">[737]</a><a href="#cite_note-739">[738]</a> Akan tetapi, sejumlah desertir NIIS merupakan mata-mata dan agen yang masih bekerja untuk NIIS dan memalsukan desersi mereka. <a href="/wiki/Imam_Besar_al-Azhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Besar al-Azhar">Imam Besar al-Azhar</a> dan mantan presiden <a href="/wiki/Universitas_al-Azhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas al-Azhar">Universitas al-Azhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_el-Tayeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed el-Tayeb">Ahmed el-Tayeb</a>, mengutuk keras Negara Islam Irak dan Syam karena bertindak "dengan alasan agama suci dan menggunakan nama 'Negara Islam' untuk menyebarkan ajaran Islam mereka yang keliru".<a href="#cite_note-740">[739]</a><a href="#cite_note-741">[740]</a> Ia mengutip <a href="/wiki/Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran">Quran</a>: "Hukuman bagi mereka yang berperang melawan Tuhan dan Nabinya dan mereka yang berusaha menyebarkan kerusakana di muka Bumi adalah kematian, penggantungan, pemotongan tangan dan kaki di bagian tubuh berbeda, atau pengusiran dari tempat tinggalnya. Ini merupakan hukuman bagi mereka di dunia, dan mereka akan mendapatkan hukuman berat di akhirat." Meski El-Tayeb dikritik karena tidak menganggap Negara Islam melakukan bidah,<a href="#cite_note-AhramRenewal-742">[741]</a><a href="#cite_note-743">[742]</a> <a href="/wiki/Teologi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Teologi Islam">mazhab</a> <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a> yang diikuti El-Tayeb tidak membolehkan mencap <a href="/wiki/Murtad" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtad">murtad</a> seseorang yang mengucapkan kalimat <a href="/wiki/Syahadat" title="Syahadat">syahadat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AhramRenewal-742">[741]</a> El-Tayeb sangat menolak praktik <a href="/wiki/Takfirisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Takfirisme">takfirisme</a> (mencap murtad seorang Muslim) yang dilakukan Negara Islam untuk "menghakimi dan menuduh siapapun yang tidak mengikuti aliran mereka sebagai orang murtad dan melenceng dari ajaran mereka". Ia juga mengkritik NIIS karena mendeklarasikan "<a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> terhadap Muslim damai" berlandaskan "penafsiran ayat-ayat Quran yang melenceng, Sunnah nabi, dan pandangan sejumlah Imam yang salah meyakini bahwa mereka adalah pemimpin pasukan Muslim melawan bangsa kafir di tanah kafir."<a href="#cite_note-MWL-744">[743]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Hasan" title="Mehdi Hasan">Mehdi Hasan</a>, seorang wartawan politik Britania Raya, menyatakan di New Statesman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">Baik Sunni atau Syi'ah, Salafi atau Sufi, konservatif atau liberal, Muslim – dan pemuka agama Islam – hampir seluruhnya mengutuk dan menolak NIIS karena tidak Islami dan sangat anti-Islam.<a href="#cite_note-745">[744]</a></blockquote> Hassan Hassan, seorang analis di Delma Institute, menulis di <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> bahwa karena Negara Islam "mendasarkan ajaran-ajarannya pada teks agama yang tidak ingin ditangani oleh pemuka agama Islam arus utama, para anggota baru yang meninggalkan kamp pelatihan [NIIS] merasa telah menemukan ajaran Islam yang sejati".<a href="#cite_note-guardian-traincamp-288">[287]</a> Pada pertengahan Februari 2015, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graeme_C.A._Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graeme C.A. Wood (halaman belum tersedia)">Graeme Wood</a>, seorang pengajar ilmu politik di Universitas Yale, mengatakan di The Atlantic bahwa, "Agama yang di diajarkan oleh para pengikutnya yang setia berasal dari penafsiran Islam yang sangat utuh dan cermat."<a href="#cite_note-what-isis-really-wants-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kritik_dari_dunia_internasional">Kritik dari dunia internasional</h3></div> NIIS mendapat kritik dari dunia internasional karena pandangan ekstremnya, termasuk pemerintahan dan organisasi internasional seperti <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. Pada tanggal 24 September 2014, <a href="/wiki/Sekretaris_Jenderal_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Sekretaris Jenderal Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Sekretaris Jenderal Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban Ki-Moon">Ban Ki-Moon</a> menyatakan: "Seperti yang telah dikatakan oleh para pemuka agama Islam di seluruh dunia, kelompok-kelompok seperti NIIS, atau Da'isy, tidak ada hubungannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, dan mereka jelas-jelas bukan negara. Mereka lebih pantas disebut '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-Negara_Non-Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non-Negara Non-Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Non-Negara Non-Islam</a>'."<a href="#cite_note-BanKiMoonUnIslamic-746">[745]</a> Kelompok ini dicap sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kultus" title="Kultus">kultus</a> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Hassan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Hassan (halaman belum tersedia)">Steven Hassan</a> dalam kolomnya di <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a>.<a href="#cite_note-747">[746]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kritik_terhadap_nama_dan_deklarasi">Kritik terhadap nama dan deklarasi</h3></div> Deklarasi kekhalifahan NIIS pada Juni 2014 dan penggunaan nama "Negara Islam" telah dikritik dan diabaikan oleh para pemuka agama Islam dan Islamis lainnya di dalam dan luar wilayah kekuasaannya.<a href="#cite_note-Moore-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goodenough-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera-748">[747]</a> Dalam pidato bulan September 2014, Presiden Obama mengatakan bahwa NIIS tidak Islami karena tidak ada agama yang membenarkan pembunuhan orang tak bersalah dan tak satu negara pun yang <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_diplomatik" title="Pengakuan diplomatik">mengakui</a> eksistensi kelompok ini sebagai sebuah negara,<a href="#cite_note-potus-statement-193">[192]</a> sedangkan banyak pihak yang keberatan dengan nama "Negara Islam" karena klaim kekuasaan agama dan politiknya dalam nama tersebut terlalu besar. <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Keamanan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>, Amerika Serikat, Kanada, Turki, Australia, Rusia, Britania Raya,<a href="#cite_note-un.org-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-ottawacitizen.com-191">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-potus-statement-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-aa.com.tr-749">[748]</a><a href="#cite_note-presstv.ir-750">[749]</a><a href="#cite_note-gov.uk-751">[750]</a> dan sejumlah negara lain menyebut kelompok ini "NIIS" atau "ISIL", sedangkan sebagian besar negara Arab menggunakan akronim "Dāʻisy" dalam bahasa Arab. Menteri Luar Negeri Prancis Laurent Fabius mengatakan, "Ini adalah kelompok teroris, bukan negara. Saya tidak menyarankan nama Negara Islam karena nama tersebut mengaburkan batas antara Islam, Muslim, dan Islamis. Orang Arab memakai nama 'Daesh' dan saya akan menyebut mereka 'Daesh si pemotong leher.'"<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-752">[751]</a> Jenderal Purnawirawan John Allen, utusan Amerika Serikat untuk koalisi melawan NIIS, Letnan Jenderal James Terry, kepala operasi melawan NIIS, dan Menteri Luar Negeri John Kerry mulai beralih menggunakan nama Daesh pada Desember 2014.<a href="#cite_note-753">[752]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Koban%C3%AA,_Syria_-_Oct_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Koban%C3%AA%2C_Syria_-_Oct_2014.jpg/250px-Koban%C3%AA%2C_Syria_-_Oct_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Koban%C3%AA%2C_Syria_-_Oct_2014.jpg/375px-Koban%C3%AA%2C_Syria_-_Oct_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Koban%C3%AA%2C_Syria_-_Oct_2014.jpg/500px-Koban%C3%AA%2C_Syria_-_Oct_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2129" data-file-height="1402" /></a><figcaption>Pertempuran Kobani</figcaption></figure> Pada akhir Agustus 2014, badan pendidikan Islam ternama Mesir, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dar_al-Ifta_al-Misriyyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah</a>, meminta agar Muslim tidak lagi menyebut kelompok ini "Negara Islam" dan beralih ke istilah "Separatis Al-Qaeda di Irak dan Suriah" atau SQIS karena memiliki "ciri-ciri yang tidak Islami".<a href="#cite_note-754">[753]</a><a href="#cite_note-755">[754]</a> Dalam pidatonya di Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa bulan September 2014, perdana Menteri Australia <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> merangkum semua keberatan terhadap penggunaan nama "Negara Islam": "Penggunaan istilah [Negara Islam] merupakan tindakan yang malah mengagung-agungkan sebuah kultus kematian; kultus kematian yang telah menyatakan perang melawan seluruh dunia dengan klaim kekhalifahannya".<a href="#cite_note-756">[755]</a> Kelompok ini sangat sensitif dengan namanya. Menurut seorang saksi mata di <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, "[NIIS] akan memotong lidah Anda apabila Anda menyebut mereka NIIS. Anda harus menyebut mereka Negara Islam."<a href="#cite_note-757">[756]</a> Pada pertengahan Oktober 2014, perwakilan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Society_of_Britain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Society of Britain (halaman belum tersedia)">Islamic Society of Britain</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_British_Muslims&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of British Muslims (halaman belum tersedia)">Association of British Muslims</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Muslim_Lawyers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Muslim Lawyers (halaman belum tersedia)">Association of Muslim Lawyers</a> mengusulkan bahwa "Negara Tak Islami (NTI) [atau Un-Islamic State (UIS)] dapat dijadikan nama alternatif yang akurat dan adil untuk menyebut kelompok ini dan agenda-agendanya." Mereka menyatakan, "Kita perli bekerja sama dan memastikan agar kaum fanatik ini tidak termakan propaganda yang dijejalkan oleh mereka."<a href="#cite_note-Un-Islamic_State-758">[757]</a><a href="#cite_note-CallThemUnislamic-759">[758]</a> "Negara Islam" menjadi bahan olok-olok di sejumlah situs web media sosial seperti Twitter dan YouTube lewat <a href="/wiki/Tagar" title="Tagar">tagar</a>, iklan perekrutan palsu, artikel berita palsu, dan video YouTube palsu.<a href="#cite_note-mock-760">[759]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teori_konspirasi">Teori konspirasi</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Teori_konspirasi_di_dunia_Arab" title="Teori konspirasi di dunia Arab">Teori konspirasi</a> di dunia Arab menyatakan bahwa Amerika Serikat diam-diam merupakan dalang pembentukan dan penguatan NIIS sebagai bagian dari upaya destabilisasi Timur Tengah. Setelah rumor tersebut menyebar, kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Lebanon mengeluarkan pernyataan resmi yang membantah tuduhan tersebut dan menyatakan klaim tersebut mengada-ada.<a href="#cite_note-761">[760]</a> Rumor tersebut mengklaim bahwa pemimpin NIIS al-Baghdadi adalah agen <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> dan aktor Israel bernama Elliot dan dokumen <a href="/wiki/NSA" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA">NSA</a> yang dibocorkan <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> mengungkapkan hubungan tersebut. Pengacara Snowden menyebut cerita tersebut "kabar burung semata".<a href="#cite_note-762">[761]</a> Menurut The New York Times, banyak orang di Timur Tengah yang percaya bahwa persekongkolan antara Amerika Serikat, Israel, dan Arab Saudi bertanggung jawab atas terbentuknya NIIS. Berbagai badan berita di Mesir, Tunisia, Palestina, Yordania, dan Lebanon menerbitkan laporan teori konspirasi ini.<a href="#cite_note-763">[762]</a><a href="#cite_note-ordinaryiranians-764">[763]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negara_dan_kelompok_penentang_NIIS">Negara dan kelompok penentang NIIS</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:CountriesAgainstIS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CountriesAgainstIS.svg/600px-CountriesAgainstIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CountriesAgainstIS.svg/900px-CountriesAgainstIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CountriesAgainstIS.svg/1200px-CountriesAgainstIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Peta negara penentang NIIS Biru - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" class="extiw" title="en:Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a> Hijau - Negara penentang lainnya Merah - Wilayah kekuasaan NIIS</figcaption></figure> Klaim wilayah NIIS membuat kelompok ini terseret ke dalam konflik bersenjata dengan pemerintah, milisi, dan kelompok bersenjata lainnya. Penolakan internasional terhadap NIIS beserta klaim pendiriannya menyeret kelompok ini ke dalam konflik melawan berbagai negara di seluruh dunia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penolakan_di_Asia_dan_Afrika">Penolakan di Asia dan Afrika</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Irak dan Syam</th> <th>Afrika</th> <th>Asia lainnya </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: silver; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> Penentang di Irak <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak"><img alt="Irak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Irak" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Irak">Angkatan Bersenjata Irak</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat Irak</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Irak" title="Angkatan Udara Irak">Angkatan Udara Irak</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Special_Operations_Iraq_Flag.svg/23px-Special_Operations_Iraq_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Special_Operations_Iraq_Flag.svg/35px-Special_Operations_Iraq_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Special_Operations_Iraq_Flag.svg/45px-Special_Operations_Iraq_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Operasi_Khusus_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Operasi Khusus Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Operasi Khusus</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Iraqi_Federal_Police_Flag.svg/23px-Iraqi_Federal_Police_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Iraqi_Federal_Police_Flag.svg/35px-Iraqi_Federal_Police_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Iraqi_Federal_Police_Flag.svg/45px-Iraqi_Federal_Police_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepolisian_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepolisian Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Kepolisian Irak</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Irak" title="Kurdistan Irak"><img alt="Kurdistan Irak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Irak">Kurdistan Irak</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Roj.png/15px-Roj.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Roj.png/23px-Roj.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Roj.png/30px-Roj.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force.svg/23px-%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force.svg/35px-%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force.svg/45px-%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Pelindung_Sinjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Pelindung Sinjar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Pelindung Sinjar</a> (HPŞ)<a href="#cite_note-yazidi-765">[764]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/23px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/35px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/45px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koma Civakên Kurdistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Koma Civakên Kurdistan</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg/23px-Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg/35px-Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg/46px-Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Pertahanan_Rakyat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Pertahanan Rakyat (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Pertahanan Rakyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Partai_Pekerja_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Pekerja Kurdistan">PKK</a>)<a href="#cite_note-766">[765]</a><a href="#cite_note-767">[766]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg/23px-Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg/35px-Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg/46px-Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satuan_Wanita_Bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satuan Wanita Bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">Satuan Wanita Bebas</a> (PKK)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg/23px-Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg/35px-Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg/46px-Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="172" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satuan_Pemberontak_Sinjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satuan Pemberontak Sinjar (halaman belum tersedia)">Satuan Pemberontak Sinjar</a> (YBŞ)<a href="#cite_note-yazidi-765">[764]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/a/a9/Popular_Mobilization_Forces_%28Iraq%29_logo.jpg/17px-Popular_Mobilization_Forces_%28Iraq%29_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/a/a9/Popular_Mobilization_Forces_%28Iraq%29_logo.jpg/26px-Popular_Mobilization_Forces_%28Iraq%29_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/a/a9/Popular_Mobilization_Forces_%28Iraq%29_logo.jpg/34px-Popular_Mobilization_Forces_%28Iraq%29_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Mobilisasi_Rakyat_(Irak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Mobilisasi Rakyat (Irak) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Mobilisasi Rakyat</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/d/d4/Badr_Organisation_Military_flag.svg/23px-Badr_Organisation_Military_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/d/d4/Badr_Organisation_Military_flag.svg/35px-Badr_Organisation_Military_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/d/d4/Badr_Organisation_Military_flag.svg/46px-Badr_Organisation_Military_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="955" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisasi_Badr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisasi Badr (halaman belum tersedia)">Organisasi Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pejuang_Perdamaian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pejuang Perdamaian (halaman belum tersedia)">Pejuang Perdamaian</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/b/bd/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_flag.svg/23px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/b/bd/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_flag.svg/35px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/b/bd/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_flag.svg/46px-Kata%27ib_Hezbollah_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hizbullah" title="Kata'ib Hizbullah">Kata'ib Hizbullah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata%27ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada (halaman belum tersedia)">Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata%27ib_al-Imam_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata'ib al-Imam Ali (halaman belum tersedia)">Kata'ib al-Imam Ali</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Turkmen_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Turkmen_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Turkmen_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Turkmen_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Turkmen_Front.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Turkmen_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="684" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Turkmen_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Turkmen Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Turkmen Irak</a><a href="#cite_note-768">[767]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shabak_Flag.jpg/23px-Shabak_Flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shabak_Flag.jpg/35px-Shabak_Flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shabak_Flag.jpg/45px-Shabak_Flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2141" data-file-height="1429" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milisi_Shabak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milisi Shabak (halaman belum tersedia)">Milisi Shabak</a><a href="#cite_note-769">[768]</a> Penentang lain di Syam <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Hizbullah" title="Hizbullah">Hizbullah</a><a href="#cite_note-770">[769]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Lebanon" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Lebanon">Angkatan Bersenjata Lebanon</a><a href="#cite_note-771">[770]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Lebanon (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Pengunggahan&wpDestFile=Lebanese_ISF_Logo.jpg" class="new" title="Berkas:Lebanese ISF Logo.jpg">Berkas:Lebanese ISF Logo.jpg</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Keamanan_Dalam_Negeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Keamanan Dalam Negeri (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Keamanan Dalam Negeri</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania"><img alt="Yordania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Yordania" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Yordania">Angkatan Bersenjata Yordania</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-772">[771]</a> <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki"><img alt="Turki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Turki" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Turki">Angkatan Bersenjata Turki</a><a href="#cite_note-773">[772]</a> </td> <td width="25%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> Penentang di Suriah <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah"><img alt="Suriah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Suriah" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Suriah">Angkatan Bersenjata Suriah</a><a href="#cite_note-774">[773]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Suriah" title="Angkatan Darat Suriah">Angkatan Darat Suriah</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="350" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Udara_Arab_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Udara Arab Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Udara Suriah</a></li></ul> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Pengunggahan&wpDestFile=Flag_of_the_National_Defense_Force.svg" class="new" title="Berkas:Flag of the National Defense Force.svg">Berkas:Flag of the National Defense Force.svg</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Pertahanan_Nasional_(Suriah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Pertahanan Nasional (Suriah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Pertahanan Nasional</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Ba%27ath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Ba'ath (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Ba'ath</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg/23px-Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg/35px-Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg/45px-Syrian_Resistance_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontak_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontak Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontak Suriah</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PFLP-GC_Flag.svg/23px-PFLP-GC_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PFLP-GC_Flag.svg/35px-PFLP-GC_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PFLP-GC_Flag.svg/46px-PFLP-GC_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="264" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Rakyat_untuk_Pembebasan_Palestina_%E2%80%93_Komando_Umum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Rakyat untuk Pembebasan Palestina – Komando Umum (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Rakyat untuk Pembebasan Palestina – Komando Umum</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Pembebasan_Palestina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Pembebasan Palestina (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Pembebasan Palestina</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatah_al-Intifada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatah al-Intifada (halaman belum tersedia)">Fatah al-Intifada</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas (halaman belum tersedia)">Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas</a> <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah"><img alt="Suriah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oposisi_Suriah" title="Oposisi Suriah">Oposisi Suriah</a><a href="#cite_note-ni22april-775">[774]</a><a href="#cite_note-underattack-776">[775]</a><a href="#cite_note-ara13may-777">[776]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentara_Suriah_Bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentara Suriah Bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">Tentara Suriah Bebas</a><a href="#cite_note-underattack-776">[775]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Logo_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29.svg/17px-Logo_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Logo_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29.svg/26px-Logo_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Logo_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29.svg/34px-Logo_of_the_Islamic_Front_%28Syria%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1122" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Islam_(Suriah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Islam (Suriah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Islam</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Mujahidin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Mujahidin (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Mujahidin</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Islami_Ajnad_al-Sham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Islami Ajnad al-Sham (halaman belum tersedia)">Persatuan Islami Tentara-Tentara Syam</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legiun_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legiun Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Legiun Syam</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alwiya_al-Furqan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alwiya al-Furqan (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Furqan</a><a href="#cite_note-778">[777]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Syrian_Turkmens.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Turkmens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Syrian_Turkmens.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Turkmens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Syrian_Turkmens.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Turkmens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="684" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Turkmen_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Turkmen Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Turkmen Suriah</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava"><img alt="Rojava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Suriah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Suriah">Kurdistan Suriah</a><a href="#cite_note-779">[778]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/23px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/35px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/46px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Satuan_Perlindungan_Rakyat" title="Satuan Perlindungan Rakyat">Satuan Perlindungan Rakyat</a> (YPG)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/23px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/35px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/46px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satuan_Perlindungan_Wanita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satuan Perlindungan Wanita (halaman belum tersedia)">Satuan Perlindungan Wanita</a> (YPJ)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Militer_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Militer Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Militer Suriah</a><a href="#cite_note-780">[779]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutoro (halaman belum tersedia)">Sutoro</a><a href="#cite_note-781">[780]</a></li> <li>Gerilya lokal<a href="#cite_note-782">[781]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="173" /> <a href="/wiki/Front_al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Front al-Nusra">Front al-Nusra</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-783">[782]</a> with localised truces and co-operation at times<a href="#cite_note-784">[783]</a></li></ul> </td> <td width="25%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> Penentang di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Utara" title="Afrika Utara">Afrika Utara</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir"><img alt="Mesir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Mesir" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Mesir">Angkatan Bersenjata Mesir</a><a href="#cite_note-beastEygpt-785">[784]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Mesir" title="Angkatan Udara Mesir">Angkatan Udara Mesir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Penerjunan_Cepat_(Mesir)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Penerjunan Cepat (Mesir) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Penerjunan Cepat Mesir</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Bersenjata Libya</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Libyan_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Udara_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Udara Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Udara Libya</a><a href="#cite_note-786">[785]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Seal_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/15px-Seal_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Seal_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/23px-Seal_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Seal_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Libyan_Ground_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat Libya</a><a href="#cite_note-787">[786]</a></li></ul> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Syahid_Abu_Salim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Syahid Abu Salim (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Syahid Abu Salim</a> (milisi Libya)<a href="#cite_note-788">[787]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fajr_Libya_militia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fajr Libya militia (halaman belum tersedia)">Batalyon Fajr Libya</a> (milisi Libya)<a href="#cite_note-789">[788]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aljazair" title="Aljazair"><img alt="Aljazair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Aljazair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Aljazair (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Bersenjata Aljazair</a><a href="#cite_note-790">[789]</a> Penentang di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat" title="Afrika Barat">Afrika Barat</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Nigeria" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Nigeria">Angkatan Bersenjata Nigeria</a><a href="#cite_note-sunnewsonline.com-280">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Niger (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Bersenjata Niger</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-791">[790]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Chad" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Chad">Angkatan Bersenjata Chad</a><a href="#cite_note-792">[791]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun"><img alt="Kamerun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Kamerun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Kamerun (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Bersenjata Kamerun</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-791">[790]</a> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Benin" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Benin">Angkatan Bersenjata Benin</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-791">[790]</a> </td> <td width="25%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> Penentang di <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a> <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman"><img alt="Yaman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Yaman" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Yaman">Angkatan Bersenjata Yaman</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_gaining_ground_in_Yemen,_competing_with_al_Qaeda-269">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi"><img alt="Arab Saudi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="extiw" title="en:Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia">Angkatan Bersenjata Arab Saudi</a><a href="#cite_note-793">[792]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Pertahanan_Bahrain" title="Pasukan Pertahanan Bahrain">Pasukan Pertahanan Bahrain</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Kuwait (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Bersenjata Kuwait</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman"><img alt="Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_of_Oman%27s_Armed_Forces" class="extiw" title="en:Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces">Angkatan Bersenjata Sultan Oman</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab"><img alt="Uni Emirat Arab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_UAE" class="extiw" title="en:Armed Forces of the UAE">Pasukan Pertahanan Uni Emirat Arab (UEA)</a><a href="#cite_note-794">[793]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qaeda_di_Jazirah_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qaeda di Jazirah Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qaeda di Jazirah Arab</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_gaining_ground_in_Yemen,_competing_with_al_Qaeda-269">[268]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Houthis_Logo.png/14px-Houthis_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Houthis_Logo.png/22px-Houthis_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Houthis_Logo.png/29px-Houthis_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="369" /> <a href="/wiki/Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi">Houthi</a><a href="#cite_note-Houthis_opposed_to_ISIL-795">[794]</a> Penentang di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan"><img alt="Afganistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Afganistan" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Afganistan">Angkatan Bersenjata Afganistan</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIL_confirmed_to_have_presence_in_Afghanistan-270">[269]</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_India" title="Angkatan Bersenjata India">Angkatan Bersenjata India</a><a href="#cite_note-796">[795]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews-southafghan-272">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-seattletimes-into-afghan-797">[796]</a><a href="#cite_note-khaama.com-798">[797]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" class="extiw" title="en:Pakistan Armed Forces">Angkatan Bersenjata Pakistan</a><a href="#cite_note-799">[798]</a><a href="#cite_note-800">[799]</a> Penentang di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Nasional_Indonesia" title="Tentara Nasional Indonesia">Tentara Nasional Indonesia</a><a href="#cite_note-SEAsia-801">[800]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Tentara_Malaysia" title="Angkatan Tentara Malaysia">Angkatan Tentara Malaysia</a><a href="#cite_note-SEAsia-801">[800]</a> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatmadaw" class="extiw" title="en:Tatmadaw">Angkatan Bersenjata Myanmar</a><a href="#cite_note-SEAsia-801">[800]</a> <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina"><img alt="Filipina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Filipina" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Filipina">Angkatan Bersenjata Filipina</a><a href="#cite_note-sayyaf-swears-loyalty-257">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-802">[801]</a><a href="#cite_note-803">[802]</a> <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura"><img alt="Singapura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Singapura" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura">Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura</a><a href="#cite_note-SEAsia-801">[800]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Kerajaan_Thailand" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Kerajaan Thailand">Angkatan Bersenjata Kerajaan Thailand</a><a href="#cite_note-SEAsia-801">[800]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koalisi_Global_Melawan_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam">Koalisi Global Melawan Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_militer_melawan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi militer melawan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi militer melawan NIIS § Koalisi internasional melawan NIIS</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (halaman belum tersedia)">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg/250px-Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg/375px-Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg/500px-Strikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq_2014-09-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Serangan udara di Suriah tanggal 24 September 2014</figcaption></figure> Koalisi Global Melawan Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (NIIS), disebut juga Koalisi Kontra-NIIS atau Koalisi Kontra-DAESH,<a href="#cite_note-804">[803]</a> adalah kumpulan negara dan <a href="/wiki/Aktor_non-negara" title="Aktor non-negara">aktor non-negara</a> pimpinan Amerika Serikat yang berkomitmen akan "bekerja dengan strategi bersama, multitahap, dan jangka panjang untuk menyerang dan mengalahkan NIIS/Daesh". Menurut pernyataan bersama yang dikeluarkan oleh 59 negara dan Uni Eropa tanggal 3 Desember 2014, para peserta Koalisi Kontra-NIIS berfokus pada upaya-upaya berikut ini:<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> <ol><li>Membantu operasi militer, pembangunan kapasitas, dan pelatihan;</li> <li>Menghentikan arus pejuang teroris asing;</li> <li>Menghambat akses pendanaan NIIS/Daesh;</li> <li>Menangani bantuan dan krisis kemanusiaan; dan</li> <li>Mengungkap sifat sejati NIIS/Daesh (delegitimisasi ideologi).</li></ol> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Inherent_Resolve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Inherent Resolve (halaman belum tersedia)">Operation Inherent Resolve</a> adalah nama yang diberikan oleh Amerika Serikat untuk serangkaian operasi militer terhadap NIIS dan organisasi afiliasi al-Qaeda Suriah. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (halaman belum tersedia)">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a> (CJTF–OIR) adalah koordinasi militernya. Organisasi multinasional berikut merupakan bagian dari Koalisi Kontra-NIIS:<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liga_Arab" title="Liga Arab">Liga Arab</a> — mengoordinasikan operasi negara-negara anggotanya<a href="#cite_note-806">[805]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> Uni Eropa – menyatakan ikut serta, 27 anggota ikut serta, tidak termasuk <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> NATO – seluruh 28 anggotanya ikut serta; <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="216" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Kerja_Sama_Negara-Negara_Arab_di_Teluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Kerja Sama Negara-Negara Arab di Teluk (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Kerja Sama Negara-Negara Arab di Teluk</a> atau GCC – seluruh enam anggota dan dua calon anggota, Yordania dan Maroko, ikut serta. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Operasi militer di Irak dan/atau Suriah; serangan udara, bantuan udara, dan pelatihan pasukan darat</th> <th>Memasok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peralatan_militer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peralatan militer (halaman belum tersedia)">peralatan militer</a> untuk pasukan oposisi di Irak dan/atau Suriah bekerja sama dengan UE/NATO/rekan</th> <th>Bantuan kemanusiaan dan lainnya untuk target koalisi yang sudah ditandai </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: silver; font-weight:bold; text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="" width="33.33%" align="left" valign="top"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/22px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/33px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/44px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> Anggota <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a>: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> Amerika Serikat<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_1-808">[807]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_3-809">[808]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Belgia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Kanada<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan dan pelatihan Angkatan Darat Irak)<a href="#cite_note-810">[809]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> Denmark<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Prancis<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Jerman<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a><a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> Italia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Belanda<a href="#cite_note-uk.reuters.com-812">[811]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> Norway<a href="#cite_note-813">[812]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Portugal<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a><a href="#cite_note-814">[813]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> Spanyol<a href="#cite_note-815">[814]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Turki<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a><a href="#cite_note-WBTurkeyGround-816">[815]</a><a href="#cite_note-wt3001-817">[816]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Britania Raya<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a><a href="#cite_note-818">[817]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="216" /> Anggota dan calon anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=CCASG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCASG (halaman belum tersedia)">CCASG</a>: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Bahrain<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Yordania (calon anggota CCASG)<a href="#cite_note-auto3-772">[771]</a><a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Maroko (calon anggota CCASG)<a href="#cite_note-819">[818]</a><a href="#cite_note-820">[819]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Arab Saudi<a href="#cite_note-DTel-255">[254]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Uni Emirat Arab<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li></ul> Lainnya: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> Australia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Selandia Baru<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a><a href="#cite_note-821">[820]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan dan pelatihan Angkatan Darat Irak)<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a><a href="#cite_note-822">[821]</a><a href="#cite_note-823">[822]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Singapura<a href="#cite_note-824">[823]</a> (diumumkan)</li></ul> Bagian dari koalisi anti-ISIL yang melakukan operasi militer di dalam negaranya sendiri<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Irak<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Lebanon<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Mesir<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li></ul> Catatan: Negara di dalam kotak ini mungkin juga memasok bantuan militer dan kemanusiaan serta berkontribusi dengan cara lain. </td> <td style="" width="33.33%" align="left" valign="top"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/22px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/33px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/44px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> Anggota <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a> (juga anggota UE kecuali Albania): <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> Albania<a href="#cite_note-Besar_Likmeta-825">[824]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Bulgaria<a href="#cite_note-826">[825]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Kroasia<a href="#cite_note-827">[826]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Republik Ceko<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a><a href="#cite_note-uk.reuters.com-812">[811]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> Estonia<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a><a href="#cite_note-uk.reuters.com-812">[811]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Yunani<a href="#cite_note-Greek_Reporter-828">[827]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Hungaria<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a><a href="#cite_note-uk.reuters.com-812">[811]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> Polandia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIS_coalition_2-807">[806]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> Bosnia dan Herzegovina<a href="#cite_note-829">[828]</a> Catatan: Negara di dalam kotak ini mungkin juga memasok bantuan militer dan kemanusiaan serta berkontribusi dengan cara lain. </td> <td style="" width="33.33%" align="left" valign="top"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/22px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/33px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/44px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> Anggota <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a> (juga anggota UE kecuali Islandia): <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Republik Ceko<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> Islandia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Latvia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Lituania<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> Luksemburg<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan)<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Rumania<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Slowakia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan)<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Slovenia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> Anggota Uni Eropa (tidak di NATO): <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Austria<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> Finlandia<a href="#cite_note-830">[829]</a><a href="#cite_note-831">[830]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Irlandia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> Swedia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan)<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="216" /> Anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=CCASG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCASG (halaman belum tersedia)">CCASG</a>: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Kuwait<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan,<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a> izin pemakaian pangkalan udara)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> Oman<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li></ul> Lainnya: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Georgia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a><a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Jepang<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan)<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Korea Selatan<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a> (bantuan kemanusiaan)<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> Kosovo<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Makedonia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> Moldova<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Montenegro<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> Serbia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Somalia<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  Swiss (bantuan kemanusiaan)<a href="#cite_note-araminta-811">[810]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Taiwan<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Ukraina<a href="#cite_note-Anti-ISIL-805">[804]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negara_penentang_non-Koalisi">Negara penentang non-Koalisi</h3></div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> Iran<a href="#cite_note-832">[831]</a><a href="#cite_note-833">[832]</a> – tentara darat, pelatihan, dan serangan udara (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_Iran_di_Irak_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi Iran di Irak (2014–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">intervensi Iran di Irak</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Rusia<a href="#cite_note-834">[833]</a><a href="#cite_note-835">[834]</a> – pemasok senjata untuk pemerintah Irak dan Suriah. Pada Juni 2014, militer Irak menerima pesawat tempur <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Sukhoi Su-25</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30" title="Sukhoi Su-30">Sukhoi Su-30</a> untuk operasi melawan NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-836">[835]</a> Operasi keamanan di dalam negeri tahun 2015.<a href="#cite_note-837">[836]</a><a href="#cite_note-838">[837]</a> Serangan udara di Suriah (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_militer_Rusia_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi militer Rusia pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">intervensi militer Rusia pada Perang Saudara Suriah</a>).<a href="#cite_note-839">[838]</a><a href="#cite_note-840">[839]</a><a href="#cite_note-841">[840]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Azerbaijan<a href="#cite_note-842">[841]</a><a href="#cite_note-843">[842]</a> – operasi keamanan di dalam negeri <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Pakistan – pengerahan militer di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbatasan_Saudi%E2%80%93Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbatasan Saudi–Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">perbatasan Arab Saudi-Irak</a>. Menangkap tokoh-tokoh NIIS di Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-844">[843]</a><a href="#cite_note-845">[844]</a><a href="#cite_note-846">[845]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penentang_non-negara_lainnya">Penentang non-negara lainnya</h3></div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a><a href="#cite_note-847">[846]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nusra_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="173" /> <a href="/wiki/Front_al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Front al-Nusra">Front al-Nusra</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-783">[782]</a>—lewat perjanjian dan kerja sama setempat</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/23px-ShababFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/35px-ShababFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/46px-ShababFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qaeda_di_Jazirah_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qaeda di Jazirah Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qaeda di Jazirah Arab</a><a href="#cite_note-ISIS_gaining_ground_in_Yemen,_competing_with_al_Qaeda-269">[268]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/23px-ShababFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/35px-ShababFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/46px-ShababFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_di_Maghreb_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda di Maghreb Islam">al-Qaeda di Maghreb Islam</a><a href="#cite_note-848">[847]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/23px-ShababFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/35px-ShababFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/46px-ShababFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Shabaab_(grup_militan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Shabaab (grup militan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Shabaab</a><a href="#cite_note-849">[848]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan"><img alt="Afganistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a><a href="#cite_note-seattletimes-into-afghan-797">[796]</a><a href="#cite_note-850">[849]</a> <a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Hamas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a><a href="#cite_note-851">[850]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Partai_Pekerja_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Pekerja Kurdistan">Partai Pekerja Kurdistan</a>—tentara darat di Kurdistan Irak dan Kurdistan Suriah<a href="#cite_note-Mohammed-852">[851]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partai_Demokrat_Kurdistan_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partai Demokrat Kurdistan Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai Demokrat Kurdistan Iran</a>—tentara darat di Kurdistan Irak<a href="#cite_note-Mohammed-852">[851]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Houthis_Logo.png/14px-Houthis_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Houthis_Logo.png/22px-Houthis_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Houthis_Logo.png/29px-Houthis_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="369" /> <a href="/wiki/Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi">Houthi</a>—faksi Syiah di Yaman, <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Yaman_(2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Saudara Yaman (2015)">memperjuangkan kekuasaan negara</a><a href="#cite_note-Houthis_opposed_to_ISIL-795">[794]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Front_Al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Al-Nusra">Front Al-Nusra</a> adalah cabang al-Qaeda yang beroperasi di Suriah. Al-Nusra melancarkan serangkaian serangan dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_pengeboman_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar pengeboman pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">pengeboman</a>, kebanyakan di antaranya terhadap target-target yang terkait dengan atau mendukung pemerintah Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-853">[852]</a> Media melaporkan bahwa banyak pejuang asing al-Nusra yang beralih ke NIIS pimpinan al-Baghdadi.<a href="#cite_note-854">[853]</a> Pada bulan Februari 2014, setelah berlarutnya ketegangan, al-Qaeda secara terbuka memutuskan segala hubungan dengan NIIS,<a href="#cite_note-AlQaedaTiesEnd-163">[162]</a> namun ISIL dan Front al-Nusra kadang-kadang masih bisa bekerja sama dengan satu sama lain saat berperang melawan pemerintah Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-855">[854]</a><a href="#cite_note-856">[855]</a><a href="#cite_note-857">[856]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">Kedua kelompok ini memiliki pandangan dunia yang nihilistik, menolak modernitas dan Barat. Mereka mengikuti penafsiran Islam garis keras. Kesamaan lainnya adalah kegemaran melakukan serangan bunuh diri serta pemanfaatan Internet dan media sosial dengan sangat baik. Seperti NIIS, beberapa cabang al-Qaeda lebih tertarik merebut dan menguasai wilayah; AQAP kurang berhasil dalam hal ini. Perbedaan utama antara al-Qaeda dan NIIS lebih bersifat politis—dan personal. Dalam satu dasawarsa terakhir, al-Qaeda sudah dua kali mengakui NIIS (dan organisasi pendahulunya) sebagai teman seperjuangan.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Ghosh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bobby Ghosh (halaman belum tersedia)">Bobby Ghosh</a>, "ISIL and Al Qaeda: Terror’s frenemies", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quartz_(publication)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quartz (publication) (halaman belum tersedia)">Quartz</a><a href="#cite_note-858">[857]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Pada tanggal 10 September 2015, pemimpin al-Qaeda <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> merilis pesan suara yang isinya mengkritik klaim kekhalifahan NIIS dan menuduh NIIS melakukan "pemberontakan [terhadap al-Qaeda]". Sejumlah media menyebut pesan tersebut sebagai "pernyataan perang".<a href="#cite_note-859">[858]</a> Akan tetapi, meski al-Zawahiri menolak legitimasi NIIS, ia mengakui masih ada kesempatan kerja sama untuk melawan musuh bersama dan mengatakan bahwa apabila ia berada di Irak, ia akan berperang bersama NIIS.<a href="#cite_note-860">[859]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misi_penyelamatan_Amerika_Serikat_di_Syria_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misi penyelamatan Amerika Serikat di Syria 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">Misi penyelamatan Amerika Serikat di Syria 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operasi Inherent Resolve">Operasi Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kelompok_bersenjata_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kelompok bersenjata pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar kelompok bersenjata pada Perang Saudara Suriah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_perang_dan_pertempuran_melibatkan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar perang dan pertempuran melibatkan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar perang dan pertempuran melibatkan NIIS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Management_of_Savagery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Management of Savagery (halaman belum tersedia)">Management of Savagery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Gander, Kashmira (7 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-flag-what-do-the-words-mean-and-what-are-its-origins-10369601.html">"Isis flag: What do the words mean and what are its origins?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Isis+flag%3A+What+do+the+words+mean+and+what+are+its+origins%3F&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft.aulast=Gander&rft.aufirst=Kashmira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-flag-what-do-the-words-mean-and-what-are-its-origins-10369601.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Breslow, Jason M. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/zarqawis-pledge-of-allegiance-to-al-qaeda-from-muasker-al-battar-issue-21-2/">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terrorism+Monitor&rft.atitle=Zarqawi%27s+Pledge+of+Allegiance+to+Al-Qaeda%3A+From+Mu%27Asker+Al-Battar%2C+Issue+21&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=24&rft.date=2004-12-16&rft.aulast=Pool&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Fzarqawis-pledge-of-allegiance-to-al-qaeda-from-muasker-al-battar-issue-21-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)  • <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26016318">"Al-Qaeda disavows ISIS militants in Syria"</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/is-announces-expansion-into-afpak-parts-of-india/article1-1311533.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=IS+announces+expansion+into+AfPak%2C+parts+of+India&rft.date=2015-01-29&rft.aulast=Laskar&rft.aufirst=Rezaul+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fis-announces-expansion-into-afpak-parts-of-india%2Farticle1-1311533.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Elbagir, Nima; Cruickshank, Paul; Tawfeeq, Mohammed (7 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/07/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-isis/">"Boko Haram purportedly pledges allegiance to ISIS"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Boko+Haram+purportedly+pledges+allegiance+to+ISIS&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft.aulast=Elbagir&rft.aufirst=Nima&rft.au=Cruickshank%2C+Paul&rft.au=Tawfeeq%2C+Mohammed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F03%2F07%2Fafrica%2Fnigeria-boko-haram-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Gambhir, Harleen (23 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/isis-declares-governorate-russia%E2%80%99s-north-caucasus-region">"ISIS Declares Governorate in Russia's North Caucasus Region"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Study_of_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for the Study of War (halaman belum tersedia)">Institute for the Study of War</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+Declares+Governorate+in+Russia%27s+North+Caucasus+Region&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+War&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft.aulast=Gambhir&rft.aufirst=Harleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funderstandingwar.org%2Fbackgrounder%2Fisis-declares-governorate-russia%25E2%2580%2599s-north-caucasus-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Qurayshi-snitched-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qurayshi-snitched_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qurayshi-snitched_31-1">b</a> <cite class="citation magazine">Prothero, Mitchell (4 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205184919/http://www.vice.com/en/article/dyp43v/who-was-isis-leader-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi">"ISIS Leader Killed in US Raid Was a SNITCH Who Orchestrated the Yazidi Genocide"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=VICE_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VICE News (halaman belum tersedia)">VICE News</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyp43v/who-was-isis-leader-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 February 2022. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VICE+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+Leader+Killed+in+US+Raid+Was+a+SNITCH+Who+Orchestrated+the+Yazidi+Genocide&rft.date=2022-02-04&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fdyp43v%2Fwho-was-isis-leader-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.twitter.com/menastream/status/833461983991255042?lang=he">"#Egypt: #ISIS 'Misr' released video 'And fight the polytheists collectively..' focusing primarily on Egypt's #Coptic Christians"</a>. 19 February 2017. 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SITE Intelligence Group. 24 November 2021. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Statements/is-delineates-khorasan-province-from-pakistan-province-in-attack-claims-one-involving-targeted-killing-in-rawalpindi.html">versi asli<img alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/14px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/18px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> tanggal 18 November 2022. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-sdf-captures-daeshs-de-facto-capital-in-syria/">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 July 2019. Diakses tanggal 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breaking%3A+SDF+captures+Daesh%27s+de+facto+capital+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-sdf-captures-daeshs-de-facto-capital-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/us-backed-fighters-seize-east-syria-village-from-isis-1.813894">"US-backed fighters seize east Syria village from ISIS"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIL%27s+reign+over+eastern+Euphrates+nearing+its+end+%E2%80%93+map&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisils-reign-over-eastern-euphrates-nearing-its-end-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Callimachi, Rukmini (24 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/24/world/middleeast/isis-syria-last-territory.html">"Down to Its Last 2 Villages in Syria, ISIS Still Fights Back"</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-squeezed-into-last-areas-as-sdf-troops-capture-2-villages-east-of-the-euphrates-mapto/">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 November 2020. Diakses tanggal 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+squeezed+into+last+areas+as+SDF+troops+capture+2+villages+east+of+the+Euphrates+%28MAP%29&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+news&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-squeezed-into-last-areas-as-sdf-troops-capture-2-villages-east-of-the-euphrates-mapto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Hussein, Rikar (9 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/us-backed-fighters-launch-final-push-to-defeat-is-in-syria/4779930.html">"US-backed Fighters Launch Final Push to Defeat IS in Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+Fighters+Launch+Final+Push+to+Defeat+IS+in+Syria&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft.date=2019-02-09&rft.aulast=Hussein&rft.aufirst=Rikar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fus-backed-fighters-launch-final-push-to-defeat-is-in-syria%2F4779930.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-battleover-44"><a href="#cite_ref-battleover_44-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323113725/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-backed-syrian-force-declares-victory-over-islamic-state/2019/03/23/fc0eb35c-4d34-11e9-8cfc-2c5d0999c21e_story.html">"US-allied Syrian force declares victory over Islamic State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 23 March 2019. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-backed-syrian-force-declares-victory-over-islamic-state/2019/03/23/fc0eb35c-4d34-11e9-8cfc-2c5d0999c21e_story.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=US-allied+Syrian+force+declares+victory+over+Islamic+State&rft.date=2019-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fthe_americas%2Fus-backed-syrian-force-declares-victory-over-islamic-state%2F2019%2F03%2F23%2Ffc0eb35c-4d34-11e9-8cfc-2c5d0999c21e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_2015-05-15-45"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_2015-05-15_45-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Fairfield, Hannah; Wallace, Tim; Watkins, Derek (21 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150523191807/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/world/middleeast/how-isis-expands.html">"How ISIS Expands"</a>. The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/world/middleeast/how-isis-expands.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 May 2015. Diakses tanggal 15 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+ISIS+Expands&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.aulast=Fairfield&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Tim&rft.au=Watkins%2C+Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2015%2F05%2F21%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhow-isis-expands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Poljarevic_2021-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poljarevic_2021_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poljarevic_2021_46-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carole_M._Cusack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carole M. Cusack (halaman belum tersedia)">Cusack, Carole M.</a>; Upal, Muhammad Afzal. Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion 21. Boston; Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. hlm. 485–512. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004435544_026">10.1163/9789004435544_026</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-43554-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-43554-4">978-90-04-43554-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1874-6691">1874-6691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theology+of+Violence-oriented+Takfirism+as+a+Political+Theory%3A+The+Case+of+the+Islamic+State+in+Iraq+and+Syria+%28ISIS%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Islamic+Sects+and+Movements&rft.place=Boston%3B+Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.series=Brill+Handbooks+on+Contemporary+Religion+21&rft.pages=485-512&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=1874-6691&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004435544_026&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43554-4&rft.aulast=Poljarevic&rft.aufirst=Emin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Manne-Saltman-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Manne-Saltman_47-0">^</a> <ul><li><cite class="citation news">Manne, Robert (7 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002133334/http://www.abc.net.au/religion/sayyid-qutb-father-of-salafi-jihadism-forerunner-of-the-islamic-/10096380">"Sayyid Qutb: Father of Salafi Jihadism, Forerunner of the Islamic State"</a>. ABC Religion & Ethics. Australia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC_Online&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC Online (halaman belum tersedia)">ABC Online</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/religion/sayyid-qutb-father-of-salafi-jihadism-forerunner-of-the-islamic-/10096380">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sayyid+Qutb%3A+Father+of+Salafi+Jihadism%2C+Forerunner+of+the+Islamic+State&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.aulast=Manne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Freligion%2Fsayyid-qutb-father-of-salafi-jihadism-forerunner-of-the-islamic-%2F10096380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation news">Saltman, Erin Marie (3 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104162215/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/04/the-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism">"The mind of Islamic State: more coherent and consistent than Nazism"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-906603-98-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-906603-98-4">978-1-906603-98-4</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/04/the-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+mind+of+Islamic+State%3A+more+coherent+and+consistent+than+Nazism&rft.date=2016-11-03&rft.isbn=978-1-906603-98-4&rft.aulast=Saltman&rft.aufirst=Erin+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fnov%2F04%2Fthe-mind-of-islamic-state-more-coherent-and-consistent-than-nazism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manne_2017-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Manne_2017_48-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Manne, Robert (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mindofislamicsta0000mann">Mind of the Islamic state: ISIS and the ideology of the caliphate</a>. Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Prometheus Books. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mindofislamicsta0000mann/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-63388-371-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-63388-371-0">978-1-63388-371-0</a>. <q>... several scholars have termed the ideology that provided the foundation of the Islamic State 'Qutbism'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind+of+the+Islamic+state%3A+ISIS+and+the+ideology+of+the+caliphate&rft.place=Carlton%2C+Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-63388-371-0&rft.aulast=Manne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmindofislamicsta0000mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Badara_2017-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Badara_2017_49-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Badara, Mohamed; Nagata, Masaki (November 2017). 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Diakses tanggal 13 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brookings+Project+on+U.S.+Relations+with+the+Islamic+World&rft.atitle=From+Paper+State+to+Caliphate%3A+The+Ideology+of+the+Islamic+State&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=1-48&rft.date=2015-03&rft.aulast=Bunzel&rft.aufirst=Cole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2F~%2Fmedia%2FResearch%2FFiles%2FPapers%2F2015%2F03%2Fideology-of-islamic-state-bunzel%2FThe-ideology-of-the-Islamic-State.pdf%3Fla%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Quilliam2014-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quilliam2014_51-2">c</a> <cite class="citation report">Saltman, Erin Marie; Winter, Charlie (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226115714/http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/islamic-state-the-changing-face-of-modern-jihadism.pdf">Islamic State: The Changing Face of Modern Jihadism</a> (PDF) (Laporan). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quilliam_(think_tank)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quilliam (think tank) (halaman belum tersedia)">Quilliam</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-906603-98-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-906603-98-4">978-1-906603-98-4</a>. 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Sada. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (halaman belum tersedia)">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sada&rft.atitle=The+Islamic+State+Exploits+Entrenched+Anti-Shia+Incitement&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft.aulast=Matthiesen&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fsada%2F%3Ffa%3D60799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305132754/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosque-bombed-northwest-pakistan-30-killed-83248297">"Islamic State claims Pakistan bombing that kills 56 at Shiite mosque"</a>. ABC News. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosque-bombed-northwest-pakistan-30-killed-83248297">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 March 2022. <q>The Islamic State affiliate in the region known as Islamic State in Khorasan province and headquartered in Afghanistan claimed Friday's devastating attack in a statement translated by the SITE Intelligence group. The statement was posted on the group's Amaq News Agency. The statement identified the attacker as Afghan, posted his picture and said 'Islamic State fighters are constantly targeting Shi'ites living in Pakistan and Afghanistan despite the intense security measures adopted by the Taliban militia and the Pakistani police to secure Shi'a temples and centers.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+claims+Pakistan+bombing+that+kills+56+at+Shiite+mosque&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fmosque-bombed-northwest-pakistan-30-killed-83248297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Rohrlich, Justin (25 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/isis-fanboy-xavier-pelkey-of-waterville-maine-plotted-spring-break-attack-on-chicago-shia-mosque-feds-say">"Three ISIS Fanboys Plotted Spring Break Attack on Shia Mosque, Feds Say"</a>. The Daily Beast. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Three+ISIS+Fanboys+Plotted+Spring+Break+Attack+on+Shia+Mosque%2C+Feds+Say&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft.aulast=Rohrlich&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fisis-fanboy-xavier-pelkey-of-waterville-maine-plotted-spring-break-attack-on-chicago-shia-mosque-feds-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Soliman, Muhammad (20 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/from-cairo-to-berlin-why-is-isis-targeting-christians">"From Cairo to Berlin: Why is ISIS Targeting Christians?"</a>. Fikra Forum. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (halaman belum tersedia)">The Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fikra+Forum&rft.atitle=From+Cairo+to+Berlin%3A+Why+is+ISIS+Targeting+Christians%3F&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft.aulast=Soliman&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Ffikraforum%2Fview%2Ffrom-cairo-to-berlin-why-is-isis-targeting-christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Nassif, Hicham Bou (25 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-uses-these-parts-in-quran-to-justify-anti-christian-violence-2014-7">"Here Are The Parts Of The Quran That ISIS Uses To Justify Violence Against Iraqi Christians"</a>. Business Insider.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Here+Are+The+Parts+Of+The+Quran+That+ISIS+Uses+To+Justify+Violence+Against+Iraqi+Christians&rft.date=2014-07-25&rft.aulast=Nassif&rft.aufirst=Hicham+Bou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fisis-uses-these-parts-in-quran-to-justify-anti-christian-violence-2014-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voicepk.net/2023/04/daesh-lay-claim-to-target-killing-of-christian-sikh-men-in-peshawar/">"Daesh Lay Claim To Target Killing Of Christian, Sikh Men In Peshawar"</a>. Voice PK (dalam bahasa English). Pakistan. April 3, 2023. <q>Dayal Singh, a Sikh trader, and Kashif Masih, a Christian sanitary worker, were gunned down in different incidents on March 31 and April 1 respectively. Separately, a Hindu ophthalmologist and former senior director of health at the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC), Dr. Birbal Genani was also shot dead by unknown assailants along the Lyari Expressway in Karachi on March 30.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+PK&rft.atitle=Daesh+Lay+Claim+To+Target+Killing+Of+Christian%2C+Sikh+Men+In+Peshawar&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoicepk.net%2F2023%2F04%2Fdaesh-lay-claim-to-target-killing-of-christian-sikh-men-in-peshawar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305134156/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/21/isis-claim-responsibility-killing-hindu-priest-bangladesh">"ISIS claims responsibility for killing of Hindu priest in Bangladesh"</a>. The Guardian. 21 February 2016. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/21/isis-claim-responsibility-killing-hindu-priest-bangladesh">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=ISIS+claims+responsibility+for+killing+of+Hindu+priest+in+Bangladesh&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F21%2Fisis-claim-responsibility-killing-hindu-priest-bangladesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305134909/https://www.firstpost.com/world/hindus-need-to-be-targeted-in-mass-numbers-in-india-says-militant-in-islamic-state-magazine-2729056.html">"'Hindus need to be targeted in mass numbers in India', says militant in Islamic State magazine"</a>. Firstpost. 14 April 2016. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/world/hindus-need-to-be-targeted-in-mass-numbers-in-india-says-militant-in-islamic-state-magazine-2729056.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=%27Hindus+need+to+be+targeted+in+mass+numbers+in+India%27%2C+says+militant+in+Islamic+State+magazine&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fworld%2Fhindus-need-to-be-targeted-in-mass-numbers-in-india-says-militant-in-islamic-state-magazine-2729056.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311112721/https://www.oneindia.com/india/isis-threatens-rid-india-hindus-latest-issue-its-magazine-2070059.html?story=1">"ISIS threatens to rid India of Hindus in latest issue of its magazine"</a>. One India. 14 April 2016. 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The Times of India. March 25, 2020. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/gunmen-attack-sikh-religious-gathering-in-kabul-killing-4/articleshow/74804271.cms">versi asli</a> tanggal November 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=11+killed+in+Kabul+gurdwara+attack%2C+IS+claims+responsibility&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fsouth-asia%2Fgunmen-attack-sikh-religious-gathering-in-kabul-killing-4%2Farticleshow%2F74804271.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/news/isis-threatens-india-hindus-with-bloodshed-claims-role-in-coimbatore-mangaluru-blasts-101678136712471.html">"ISIS threatens India, Hindus with bloodshed; Claims role in Coimbatore, Mangaluru blasts"</a>. Hindustan Times. March 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=ISIS+threatens+India%2C+Hindus+with+bloodshed%3B+Claims+role+in+Coimbatore%2C+Mangaluru+blasts&rft.date=2023-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fvideos%2Fnews%2Fisis-threatens-india-hindus-with-bloodshed-claims-role-in-coimbatore-mangaluru-blasts-101678136712471.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/isis-claims-attack-on-sikhs-hindus-in-afghanistan-1.3997293">"ISIS claims attack on Sikhs, Hindus in Afghanistan"</a>. CTV News (dalam bahasa English). 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May 2017. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterextremism.com/content/isis-persecution-gay-people">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Counter+Extremism+Project&rft.atitle=ISIS%27s+Persecution+of+Gay+People&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterextremism.com%2Fcontent%2Fisis-persecution-gay-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217131006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/13/the-islamic-states-shocking-war-on-homosexuals/">"The Islamic State's shocking war on homosexuals"</a>. The Washington Post. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/13/the-islamic-states-shocking-war-on-homosexuals/">versi asli</a> tanggal 17 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Islamic+State%27s+shocking+war+on+homosexuals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2016%2F06%2F13%2Fthe-islamic-states-shocking-war-on-homosexuals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108141201/https://www.vice.com/en/article/vdbke8/what-isis-is-saying-about-the-orlando-shooter">"What ISIS Is Saying About the Orlando Shooter"</a>. Vice. 15 June 2016. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/vdbke8/what-isis-is-saying-about-the-orlando-shooter">versi asli</a> tanggal 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=What+ISIS+Is+Saying+About+the+Orlando+Shooter&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fvdbke8%2Fwhat-isis-is-saying-about-the-orlando-shooter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219033530/https://globalnews.ca/news/2184492/isis-targets-gay-people-using-facebook-and-phone-contacts-iraqi-refugee-tells-un/">"ISIS targets gay people using Facebook and phone contacts"</a>. Global News. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/2184492/isis-targets-gay-people-using-facebook-and-phone-contacts-iraqi-refugee-tells-un/">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+targets+gay+people+using+Facebook+and+phone+contacts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F2184492%2Fisis-targets-gay-people-using-facebook-and-phone-contacts-iraqi-refugee-tells-un%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311111716/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-persecution-gay-men-murder-lgbt-muslim-society/">"Inside look at ISIS' brutal persecution of gays"</a>. CBS News. 2 December 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-persecution-gay-men-murder-lgbt-muslim-society/">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+look+at+ISIS%27+brutal+persecution+of+gays&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fisis-persecution-gay-men-murder-lgbt-muslim-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311112157/https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/isis-lgbt-persecution/">"Amid brazen, deadly attacks, gay Syrians tell of fear of ISIS persecution"</a>. CNN. 6 March 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/isis-lgbt-persecution/">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Amid+brazen%2C+deadly+attacks%2C+gay+Syrians+tell+of+fear+of+ISIS+persecution&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F03%2F05%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-lgbt-persecution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ADL_13_March_2015-82"><a href="#cite_ref-ADL_13_March_2015_82-0">^</a> *<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321134124/https://www.adl.org/blog/under-attack-isis-threatens-jews-and-israel">"Under Attack, ISIS Threatens Jews and Israel"</a>. Anti-Defamation League. 13 March 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/blog/under-attack-isis-threatens-jews-and-israel">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Under+Attack%2C+ISIS+Threatens+Jews+and+Israel&rft.pub=Anti-Defamation+League&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fblog%2Funder-attack-isis-threatens-jews-and-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023103947/https://www.adl.org/blog/isis-promotes-murdering-jews-in-new-online-campaign">"ISIS Promotes Murdering Jews in New Online Campaign"</a>. Anti-Defamation League. 20 October 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/blog/isis-promotes-murdering-jews-in-new-online-campaign">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+Promotes+Murdering+Jews+in+New+Online+Campaign&rft.pub=Anti-Defamation+League&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fblog%2Fisis-promotes-murdering-jews-in-new-online-campaign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/ISIS-We-need-to-conquer-Israeli-settlements-start-targeting-Jews-615535">"ISIS calls on operatives to target Jews with chemical weapons"</a>. The Jerusalem Post (dalam bahasa English). January 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=ISIS+calls+on+operatives+to+target+Jews+with+chemical+weapons&rft.date=2020-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FBreaking-News%2FISIS-We-need-to-conquer-Israeli-settlements-start-targeting-Jews-615535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Watch-ISIS-threatens-Jews-Israel-with-big-war-in-second-Hebrew-video-431753">"ISIS threatens Jews, Israel with 'big war' in second Hebrew video"</a>. 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November 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=ISIS+threatens+Jews%2C+Israel+with+%27big+war%27+in+second+Hebrew+video&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddle-East%2FWatch-ISIS-threatens-Jews-Israel-with-big-war-in-second-Hebrew-video-431753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2023/02/06/global/turkey-arrests-isis-members-allegedly-targeting-istanbul-synagogues">"Turkey arrests ISIS members allegedly targeting Istanbul synagogues"</a>. Jewish Telegraph Agency (dalam bahasa English). February 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraph+Agency&rft.atitle=Turkey+arrests+ISIS+members+allegedly+targeting+Istanbul+synagogues&rft.date=2023-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2023%2F02%2F06%2Fglobal%2Fturkey-arrests-isis-members-allegedly-targeting-istanbul-synagogues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-10-02/ty-article/.highlight/isis-sympathizers-suspected-of-bomb-plot-in-northern-israeli-high-school-arrested/00000183-97cc-d7ae-afe7-dfef23260000">"ISIS Sympathizers Suspected of Bomb Plot on Northern Israeli High School"</a>. Haaretz (dalam bahasa English). October 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=ISIS+Sympathizers+Suspected+of+Bomb+Plot+on+Northern+Israeli+High+School&rft.date=2022-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2022-10-02%2Fty-article%2F.highlight%2Fisis-sympathizers-suspected-of-bomb-plot-in-northern-israeli-high-school-arrested%2F00000183-97cc-d7ae-afe7-dfef23260000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-israel-palestinians-plan-militants-idUKKBN1ZQ1O5">"Islamic State urges attacks against Jews in effort to thwart Trump plan"</a>. Reuters (dalam bahasa English). January 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+urges+attacks+against+Jews+in+effort+to+thwart+Trump+plan&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-israel-palestinians-plan-militants-idUKKBN1ZQ1O5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-plans-attacks-on-jewish-children-in-turkey-2016-3">"ISIS Plans Attacks on Jewish Children in Turkey"</a>. Business Insider (dalam bahasa English). March 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=ISIS+Plans+Attacks+on+Jewish+Children+in+Turkey&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fisis-plans-attacks-on-jewish-children-in-turkey-2016-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isis-suspects-planned-attacks-on-jews-in-mumbai-gujarat-ats--131749">"ISIS suspects planned attacks on Jews in Mumbai"</a>. Wionews (dalam bahasa English). April 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wionews&rft.atitle=ISIS+suspects+planned+attacks+on+Jews+in+Mumbai&rft.date=2018-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wionews.com%2Findia-news%2Fisis-suspects-planned-attacks-on-jews-in-mumbai-gujarat-ats--131749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/isis-suicide-bombers-brussels-airport-targeted-us-airline-jews-547371">"ISIS Suicide Bombers at Brussels Airport 'Targeted U.S. Airline, Jews'"</a>. Newsweek (dalam bahasa English). January 24, 2017. <q>The suicide bombers who attacked Brussels airport last year, killing 16 people, were targeting an American airline, its passengers and Jewish people, according to a report citing sources close to the investigation. Another source said that Laachraoui was standing among dozens of students before changing tack and following two Hasidic Jews, usually recognizable by their long beards, sidecurls known as peyot and dark overclothes. "The attacker seemed to rush towards two Orthodox Jews," the source said. "He really, clearly wanted to kill a Jew."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=ISIS+Suicide+Bombers+at+Brussels+Airport+%27Targeted+U.S.+Airline%2C+Jews%27&rft.date=2017-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fisis-suicide-bombers-brussels-airport-targeted-us-airline-jews-547371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/neyenz/islamic-state-unleashes-propaganda-blitz-calling-for-attacks-against-jews">"Islamic State Unleashes Propaganda Blitz Calling for Attacks Against Jews"</a>. Vice News (dalam bahasa English). October 19, 2015. <q>The Islamic State released a series of videos Sunday praising attacks against Jews in Israel and encouraging more violence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice+News&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+Unleashes+Propaganda+Blitz+Calling+for+Attacks+Against+Jews&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fneyenz%2Fislamic-state-unleashes-propaganda-blitz-calling-for-attacks-against-jews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Cottee, Simon; Bloom, Mia (8 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/09/isis-female-suicide-bomber/539172/">"The Myth of the ISIS Female Suicide Bomber"</a>. 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DamPress.net (dalam bahasa Arab). 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DamPress.net&rft.atitle=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%80+%22%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB%22+%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81+%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7+%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22&rft.date=2014-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dampress.net%2F%3Fpage%3Dshow_det%26category_id%3D12%26id%3D49947%26lang%3Dar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AsambleaVE-146"><a href="#cite_ref-AsambleaVE_146-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Juan Guaidó [@jguaido] (4 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/jguaido/status/1169247448147091457">"Desde la @AsambleaVE hemos declarado a la disidencia de las FARC, ELN, Hamas, Hezbollah e ISIS como grupos terroristas, ordenándoles a todos los cuerpos de seguridad del Estado proteger nuestra soberanía e integridad territorial frente a la amenaza que representan estos grupos"</a> (Tweet) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desde+la+%40AsambleaVE+hemos+declarado+a+la+disidencia+de+las+FARC%2C+ELN%2C+Hamas%2C+Hezbollah+e+ISIS+como+grupos+terroristas%2C+orden%C3%A1ndoles+a+todos+los+cuerpos+de+seguridad+del+Estado+proteger+nuestra+soberan%C3%ADa+e+integridad+territorial+frente+a+la+amenaza+que+representan+estos+grupos.&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.au=Juan+Guaid%C3%B3+%5B%40jguaido%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fjguaido%2Fstatus%2F1169247448147091457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-winepJune14-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-winepJune14_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-winepJune14_147-1">b</a> <cite class="citation report">Zelin, Aaron Y. (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150220221134/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf">The War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist Movement</a> (PDF). Research Notes (Laporan). 20. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 20 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+War+between+ISIS+and+al-Qaeda+for+Supremacy+of+the+Global+Jihadist+Movement&rft.pub=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft.date=2014-06&rft.aulast=Zelin&rft.aufirst=Aaron+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fuploads%2FDocuments%2Fpubs%2FResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate_148-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate_148-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate_148-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate_148-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIS_or_ISIL?_The_debate_148-5">f</a> <cite class="citation news">Tharoor, Ishaan (18 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/06/18/isis-or-isil-the-debate-over-what-to-call-iraqs-terror-group/?_ga=1.75244306.1823250761.1403224335">"ISIS or ISIL? The debate over what to call Iraq's terror group"</a>. The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=ISIS+or+ISIL%3F+The+debate+over+what+to+call+Iraq%27s+terror+group&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.aulast=Tharoor&rft.aufirst=Ishaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2014%2F06%2F18%2Fisis-or-isil-the-debate-over-what-to-call-iraqs-terror-group%2F%3F_ga%3D1.75244306.1823250761.1403224335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-What_is_IS-149"><a href="#cite_ref-What_is_IS_149-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29052144">"What is Islamic State?"</a>. BBC News. 26 September 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+is+Islamic+State%3F&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-29052144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kurds-accused-ethnic-cleansing-syria-rebels-isis/">"Kurds accused of 'ethnic cleansing' by Syria rebels"</a>. CBS News. 15 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 22 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kurds+accused+of+%27ethnic+cleansing%27+by+Syria+rebels&rft.date=2015-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fkurds-accused-ethnic-cleansing-syria-rebels-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Islamic State is not a state, since it lacks international recognition. See: <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/statehood_international_law">"Statehood (international law)"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wex (halaman belum tersedia)">Wex</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. Diakses tanggal 20 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wex&rft.atitle=Statehood+%28international+law%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fwex%2Fstatehood_international_law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113200347/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/13/us-mideast-crisis-syria-icrc-idUSKBN0M921N20150313">"Islamic State-controlled parts of Syria, Iraq largely out of reach: Red Cross"</a>. Reuters. 13 March 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/13/us-mideast-crisis-syria-icrc-idUSKBN0M921N20150313">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-11-13. Diakses tanggal 25 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamic+State-controlled+parts+of+Syria%2C+Iraq+largely+out+of+reach%3A+Red+Cross&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2015%2F03%2F13%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-icrc-idUSKBN0M921N20150313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-turfwar-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-turfwar_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-turfwar_152-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-turfwar_152-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707211528/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/29/us-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0P91EN20150629">"Exclusive: In turf war with Afghan Taliban, Islamic State loyalists gain ground"</a>. Reuters. 29 June 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/29/us-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0P91EN20150629">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-07-07. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+In+turf+war+with+Afghan+Taliban%2C+Islamic+State+loyalists+gain+ground&rft.date=2015-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2015%2F06%2F29%2Fus-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0P91EN20150629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Militant_Attack_and_Support_Zones_in_Afghanistan-153"><a href="#cite_ref-Militant_Attack_and_Support_Zones_in_Afghanistan_153-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060400/http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Militant%20Sanctuary%20in%20Afghanistan%20Map_090915%20%283%29_0.pdf">"Militant Attack and Support Zones in Afghanistan"</a> (PDF). Institute for the Study of War. 18 September 2015. 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Diakses tanggal 22 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Militant+Attack+and+Support+Zones+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.understandingwar.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FMilitant%2520Sanctuary%2520in%2520Afghanistan%2520Map_090915%2520%25283%2529_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Pakistani_Taliban_pledges_allegiance_to_ISIL-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pakistani_Taliban_pledges_allegiance_to_ISIL_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pakistani_Taliban_pledges_allegiance_to_ISIL_154-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225121325/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-militants-is/pakistan-taliban-splinter-group-vows-allegiance-to-islamic-state-idUSKCN0J20YQ20141118">"Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State"</a>. Reuters. 18 November 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/18/us-pakistan-militants-is-idUSKCN0J20YQ20141118">versi asli</a> tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Taliban+splinter+group+vows+allegiance+to+Islamic+State&rft.date=2014-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F11%2F18%2Fus-pakistan-militants-is-idUSKCN0J20YQ20141118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ISIL_gains_supporters-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_gains_supporters_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_gains_supporters_155-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_gains_supporters_155-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_gains_supporters_155-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_gains_supporters_155-4">e</a> <cite class="citation web">Zavadski, Katie (23 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/11/isis-now-has-military-allies-in-11-countries.html">"ISIS Now Has a Network of Military Affiliates in 11 Countries Around the World"</a>. New York. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=ISIS+Now+Has+a+Network+of+Military+Affiliates+in+11+Countries+Around+the+World&rft.date=2014-11-23&rft.aulast=Zavadski&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2014%2F11%2Fisis-now-has-military-allies-in-11-countries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-DAESH_shift-156">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DAESH_shift_156-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAESH_shift_156-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAESH_shift_156-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAESH_shift_156-3">d</a> <cite class="citation news">Schwartz, Felica (23 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2014/12/23/one-more-name-for-islamic-state-daesh/">"One More Name for Islamic State: Daesh"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 25 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=One+More+Name+for+Islamic+State%3A+Daesh&rft.date=2014-12-23&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Felica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fwashwire%2F2014%2F12%2F23%2Fone-more-name-for-islamic-state-daesh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Guthrie, Alice (19 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117000440/https://www.freewordcentre.com/blog/2015/02/daesh-isis-media-alice-guthrie/">"Decoding Daesh: Why is the new name for ISIS so hard to understand?"</a>. Free Word Centre. 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Diakses tanggal 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Word+Centre&rft.atitle=Decoding+Daesh%3A+Why+is+the+new+name+for+ISIS+so+hard+to+understand%3F&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freewordcentre.com%2Fblog%2F2015%2F02%2Fdaesh-isis-media-alice-guthrie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-newname-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newname_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newname_158-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newname_158-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news">Withnall, Adam (29 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-albaghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-syria-from-its-name-9571374.html">"Iraq crisis: Isis changes name and declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle East"</a>. The Independent. London. Diakses tanggal 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+Isis+changes+name+and+declares+its+territories+a+new+Islamic+state+with+%27restoration+of+caliphate%27+in+Middle+East&rft.date=2014-06-29&rft.aulast=Withnall&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-albaghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-syria-from-its-name-9571374.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Roggio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Roggio (halaman belum tersedia)">Roggio, Bill</a> (29 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/06/isis_announces_formation_of_ca.php">"ISIS announces formation of Caliphate, rebrands as 'Islamic State'"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_War_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long War Journal (halaman belum tersedia)">Long War Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=ISIS+announces+formation+of+Caliphate%2C+rebrands+as+%27Islamic+State%27&rft.date=2014-06-29&rft.aulast=Roggio&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2014%2F06%2Fisis_announces_formation_of_ca.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Week-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Week_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Week_160-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theweek.com/article/index/267920/abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-the-man-who-would-be-caliph">"Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi: The man who would be caliph"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a>. 13 September 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Abu+Bakr+al-Baghdadi%3A+The+man+who+would+be+caliph&rft.date=2014-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Farticle%2Findex%2F267920%2Fabu-bakr-al-baghdadi-the-man-who-would-be-caliph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Qaeda_severs_link_with_ISIL-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al-Qaeda_severs_link_with_ISIL_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Qaeda_severs_link_with_ISIL_161-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news">Holmes, Oliver (3 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625141853/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/03/us-syria-crisis-qaeda-idUSBREA120NS20140203">"Al Qaeda breaks link with Syrian militant group ISIL"</a>. Reuters. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/03/us-syria-crisis-qaeda-idUSBREA120NS20140203">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-06-25. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Al+Qaeda+breaks+link+with+Syrian+militant+group+ISIL&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F02%2F03%2Fus-syria-crisis-qaeda-idUSBREA120NS20140203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Sly, Liz (23 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/islamic-law-comes-to-rebel-held-syria/2013/03/19/b310532e-90af-11e2-bdea-e32ad90da239_print.html">"Islamic law comes to rebel-held Syria"</a>. The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Islamic+law+comes+to+rebel-held+Syria&rft.date=2013-07-23&rft.aulast=Sly&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fislamic-law-comes-to-rebel-held-syria%2F2013%2F03%2F19%2Fb310532e-90af-11e2-bdea-e32ad90da239_print.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AlQaedaTiesEnd-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlQaedaTiesEnd_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlQaedaTiesEnd_163-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlQaedaTiesEnd_163-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news">Sly, Liz (3 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/al-qaeda-disavows-any-ties-with-radical-islamist-isis-group-in-syria-iraq/2014/02/03/2c9afc3a-8cef-11e3-98ab-fe5228217bd1_story.html">"Al-Qaeda disavows any ties with radical Islamist ISIS group in Syria, Iraq"</a>. The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Al-Qaeda+disavows+any+ties+with+radical+Islamist+ISIS+group+in+Syria%2C+Iraq&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.aulast=Sly&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fal-qaeda-disavows-any-ties-with-radical-islamist-isis-group-in-syria-iraq%2F2014%2F02%2F03%2F2c9afc3a-8cef-11e3-98ab-fe5228217bd1_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1963547/Islamic-State-in-Iraq-and-the-Levant-ISIL">"Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2015. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+in+Iraq+and+the+Levant+%28ISIL%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F1963547%2FIslamic-State-in-Iraq-and-the-Levant-ISIL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-al-shorfa-165"><a href="#cite_ref-al-shorfa_165-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">al-Taie, Khalid (13 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219092526/http://mawtani.al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/iii/features/2015/02/13/feature-01">"Iraq churches, mosques under ISIL attack"</a>. Al-Shorfa. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mawtani.al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/iii/features/2015/02/13/feature-01">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-02-19. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+churches%2C+mosques+under+ISIL+attack&rft.pub=Al-Shorfa&rft.date=2015-02-13&rft.aulast=al-Taie&rft.aufirst=Khalid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmawtani.al-shorfa.com%2Fen_GB%2Farticles%2Fiii%2Ffeatures%2F2015%2F02%2F13%2Ffeature-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHasan2015" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medhi_Hasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medhi Hasan (halaman belum tersedia)">Hasan, Mehdi</a> (10 March 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/2015/03/mehdi-hasan-how-islamic-islamic-state">"Mehdi Hasan: How Islamic is Islamic State?"</a>, New Statesman, diakses tanggal 7 July 2015, <q>Consider the various statements of Muslim groups such as the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation, representing 57 countries (Isis has "nothing to do with Islam"); the Islamic Society of North America (Isis’s actions are "in no way representative of what Islam actually teaches"); al-Azhar University in Cairo, the most prestigious seat of learning in the Sunni Muslim world (Isis is acting "under the guise of this holy religion . . . in an attempt to export their false Islam"); and even Saudi Arabia’s Salafist Grand Mufti, Abdul Aziz al ash-Sheikh (Isis is "the number-one enemy of Islam").</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Mehdi+Hasan%3A+How+Islamic+is+Islamic+State%3F&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.aulast=Hasan&rft.aufirst=Mehdi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fworld-affairs%2F2015%2F03%2Fmehdi-hasan-how-islamic-islamic-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|section=</code> akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#chapter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Conflict_Encyclopedia-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Conflict_Encyclopedia_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conflict_Encyclopedia_167-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927151947/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=77&regionSelect=10-Middle_East">Uppsala Data Conflict Programme: Conflict Encyclopaedia (Iraq)</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=77&regionSelect=10-Middle_East">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-09-27. Diakses tanggal 2015-11-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uppsala+Data+Conflict+Programme%3A+Conflict+Encyclopaedia+%28Iraq%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucdp.uu.se%2Fgpdatabase%2Fgpcountry.php%3Fid%3D77%26regionSelect%3D10-Middle_East&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  (See One-sided violence – ISIS-civilians – Actor information-ISIS.) Retrieved 5 August 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Whitlock, Craig (10 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/09/AR2006060902040.html">"Death Could Shake Al-Qaeda in Iraq and Around the World"</a>. The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 22 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Death+Could+Shake+Al-Qaeda+in+Iraq+and+Around+the+World&rft.date=2006-06-10&rft.aulast=Whitlock&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F06%2F09%2FAR2006060902040.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ctc29May-169"><a href="#cite_ref-ctc29May_169-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Knights, Michael (29 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170622143603/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-isils-stand-in-the-ramadi-falluja-corridor">"The ISIL's Stand in the Ramadi-Falluja Corridor"</a>. Combating Terrorism Center. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-isils-stand-in-the-ramadi-falluja-corridor">versi asli</a> tanggal 2017-06-22. Diakses tanggal 12 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ISIL%27s+Stand+in+the+Ramadi-Falluja+Corridor&rft.pub=Combating+Terrorism+Center&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.aulast=Knights&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctc.usma.edu%2Fposts%2Fthe-isils-stand-in-the-ramadi-falluja-corridor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFishman2008">Fishman 2008</a>, hlm. 48–9 Akan tetapi, aksi al-Qaeda merupakan pencitraan sepele sekaligus upaya untuk memberi sentuhan Irak dan mungkin menjauhkan al-Qaeda dari kekacauan taktik al-Zarqawi, khususnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Amman_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Amman 2005 (halaman belum tersedia)">pengeboman tiga hotel</a> di Amman oleh AQI pada tahun 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-lwj161006-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lwj161006_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lwj161006_171-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news">Roggio, Bill (16 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2006/10/the_rump_islamic_emi.php">"The Rump Islamic Emirate of Iraq"</a>. Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 2 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Rump+Islamic+Emirate+of+Iraq&rft.date=2006-10-16&rft.aulast=Roggio&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2006%2F10%2Fthe_rump_islamic_emi.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFishman2008">Fishman 2008</a>, hlm. 49–50 </li> <li id="cite_note-memri-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-memri_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-memri_173-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/7119.htm">"ISI Confirms That Jabhat Al-Nusra Is Its Extension in Syria, Declares 'Islamic State of Iraq And Al-Sham' As New Name of Merged Group"</a>. MEMRI. 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They were instrumental in the group’s rebirth from the defeats inflicted on insurgents by the US military, which is now back in Iraq bombing many of the same men it had already fought twice before.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=How+Saddam+Hussein%27s+former+military+officers+and+spies+are+controlling+Isis&rft.date=2015-04-05&rft.aulast=Sly&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fhow-saddam-husseins-former-military-officers-and-spies-are-controlling-isis-10156610.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  <cite class="citation news">Sly, Liz (4 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/the-hidden-hand-behind-the-islamic-state-militants-saddam-husseins/2015/04/04/aa97676c-cc32-11e4-8730-4f473416e759_story.html">"The hidden hand behind the Islamic State militants? 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The Christian Post. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Post&rft.atitle=ISIS%27+Rise+in+Iraq+Masterminded+by+Former+Saddam+Hussein+Intelligence+Officer%2C+Recently+Published+Caliphate+%27Blueprint%27+Documents+Reveal&rft.date=2015-04-21&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fnews%2Fisis-rise-in-iraq-masterminded-by-former-saddam-hussein-intelligence-officer-recently-published-caliphate-blueprint-documents-reveal-137925%2F%23uyxSLO8V20QzGpBj.99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/20/former-saddam-spy-masterminded-the-rise-of-islamic-state-says-report">"Former Saddam Hussein spy masterminded the rise of Isis, says report"</a>. The Guardian. United Kingdom. Reuters. 20 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Former+Saddam+Hussein+spy+masterminded+the+rise+of+Isis%2C+says+report&rft.date=2015-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fapr%2F20%2Fformer-saddam-spy-masterminded-the-rise-of-islamic-state-says-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan_Suits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bryan Suits (halaman belum tersedia)">Bryan Suits</a> (19 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kfiam640.com/media/podcast-dark-secret-place-darksecretplace/dark-secret-place-0418-25982682/">"Dark Secret Place 04/18"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=KFI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KFI (halaman belum tersedia)">KFI</a> (Podcast). iHeartRadio. 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Vox. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=17+things+about+ISIS+and+Iraq+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft.aulast=Beauchamp&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fcards%2Fthings-about-isis-you-need-to-know%2Fisis-goal-theocracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-dni.gov-301"><a href="#cite_ref-dni.gov_301-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Abu Mohammad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522153638/http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/letter_in_english.pdf">"Letter dated 9 July 2005"</a> (PDF). Office of the Director of National Intelligence. See page 2 onwards. Archived from the original on 2011-05-22. Diakses tanggal 22 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Letter+dated+9+July+2005&rft.pages=See+page+2+onwards&rft.au=Abu+Mohammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dni.gov%2Fpress_releases%2Fletter_in_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson14-302">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson14_302-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson14_302-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson14_302-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news">Johnson, M. Alex (3 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/deviant-pathological-what-do-isis-extremists-really-want-n194136">"'Deviant and Pathological': What Do ISIS Extremists Really Want?"</a>. NBC News. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Deviant+and+Pathological%27%3A+What+Do+ISIS+Extremists+Really+Want%3F&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=M.+Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fstoryline%2Fisis-terror%2Fdeviant-pathological-what-do-isis-extremists-really-want-n194136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-aj140707-303"><a href="#cite_ref-aj140707_303-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Kubba, Laith (7 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/inside-story/articles/2014/7/7/isil-s-leader-emergesfromtheshadowswhoisabubakralbaghdadi.html">"Who is the U.S. targeting in Iraq air strikes?"</a>. Al Jazeera.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Who+is+the+U.S.+targeting+in+Iraq+air+strikes%3F&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft.aulast=Kubba&rft.aufirst=Laith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famerica.aljazeera.com%2Fwatch%2Fshows%2Finside-story%2Farticles%2F2014%2F7%2F7%2Fisil-s-leader-emergesfromtheshadowswhoisabubakralbaghdadi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Joscelyn-304">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joscelyn_304-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joscelyn_304-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news">Joscelyn, Thomas (29 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/09/us-counterterrorism-efforts-in-syria-a-winning-strategy.php">"US counterterrorism efforts in Syria: A winning strategy?"</a>. Long War Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=US+counterterrorism+efforts+in+Syria%3A+A+winning+strategy%3F&rft.date=2015-09-29&rft.aulast=Joscelyn&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2015%2F09%2Fus-counterterrorism-efforts-in-syria-a-winning-strategy.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Withnall-305"><a href="#cite_ref-Withnall_305-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Withnall, Adam (21 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/inside-isis-the-first-western-journalist-ever-given-access-to-the-islamic-state-has-just-returned-9938438.html">"Middle East. Inside Isis: The first Western journalist ever to be given access to the 'Islamic State' has just returned – and this is what he discovered"</a>. The Independent. Diakses tanggal 3 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Middle+East.+Inside+Isis%3A+The+first+Western+journalist+ever+to+be+given+access+to+the+%27Islamic+State%27+has+just+returned+%E2%80%93+and+this+is+what+he+discovered&rft.date=2014-12-21&rft.aulast=Withnall&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Finside-isis-the-first-western-journalist-ever-given-access-to-the-islamic-state-has-just-returned-9938438.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Greyvenstein-306"><a href="#cite_ref-Greyvenstein_306-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Greyvenstein, Hester Maria (15 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/2014/12/qa-german-journalist-surviving-isil-20141224164752725983.html">"Q&A: German journalist on surviving ISIL"</a>. Al Jazeera. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2015. <q>Something that I don't understand at all is the enthusiasm in their plan of religious cleansing, planning to kill the non-believers... They also will kill Muslim democrats because they believe that non-ISIL-Muslims put the laws of human beings above the commandments of God. These were very difficult discussions, especially when they were talking about the number of people who they are willing to kill. They were talking about hundreds of millions. They were enthusiastic about it, and I just cannot understand that.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+German+journalist+on+surviving+ISIL&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft.aulast=Greyvenstein&rft.aufirst=Hester+Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2F2014%2F12%2Fqa-german-journalist-surviving-isil-20141224164752725983.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Bender, Jeremy (1 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/isis-five-year-expansion-map-is-fake-2014-7">"ISIS' Five Year Expansion Map Is Fake - Business Insider"</a>. 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Business Insider.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=That+ISIS+Five+Year+Expansion+Plan+Map+Is+Fake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.in%2Fthat-isis-five-year-expansion-plan-map-is-fake%2Farticleshow%2F37600684.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/analysis/2014/07/02/Expert-claims-ISIS-five-year-expansion-plan-map-is-fake.html">"ISIS' five-year expansion plan map branded a fake"</a>. Al Arabiya. 2 July 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS%E2%80%99+five-year+expansion+plan+map+branded+a+fake&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fperspective%2Fanalysis%2F2014%2F07%2F02%2FExpert-claims-ISIS-five-year-expansion-plan-map-is-fake.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Strauss, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://io9.com/that-isis-caliphate-map-is-bogus-so-stop-freaking-ou-1598657469">"That ISIS 'Caliphate Map' Is Bogus, So Stop Freaking Out"</a>. io9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=That+ISIS+%27Caliphate+Map%27+Is+Bogus%2C+So+Stop+Freaking+Out&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.com%2Fthat-isis-caliphate-map-is-bogus-so-stop-freaking-ou-1598657469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Kilburn, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aattp.org/seriously-nbc-station-posts-terrifying-isis-expanison-map-created-by-neofascists-on-twitter/">"Seriously, NBC? 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Americans Against the Tea Party.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Americans+Against+the+Tea+Party&rft.atitle=Seriously%2C+NBC%3F+Station+Posts+%E2%80%98Terrifying+ISIS+Expansion+Map%E2%80%99+Created+By+Neofascists+on+Twitter&rft.aulast=Kilburn&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faattp.org%2Fseriously-nbc-station-posts-terrifying-isis-expanison-map-created-by-neofascists-on-twitter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Dewey, Caitlin (3 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/07/03/what-was-fake-on-the-internet-this-week-glee-bubbling-and-a-modeling-contract-for-hot-felon-jeremy-meeks/">"What was fake on the Internet this week: Glee, 'bubbling' and a modeling contract for 'hot felon' Jeremy Meeks"</a>. The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=What+was+fake+on+the+Internet+this+week%3A+Glee%2C+%E2%80%98bubbling%E2%80%99+and+a+modeling+contract+for+%E2%80%98hot+felon%E2%80%99+Jeremy+Meeks&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-intersect%2Fwp%2F2014%2F07%2F03%2Fwhat-was-fake-on-the-internet-this-week-glee-bubbling-and-a-modeling-contract-for-hot-felon-jeremy-meeks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Tran, Mark; Weaver, Matthew (30 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/30/isis-announces-islamic-caliphate-iraq-syria">"Isis announces Islamic caliphate in area straddling Iraq and Syria"</a>. The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Isis+announces+Islamic+caliphate+in+area+straddling+Iraq+and+Syria&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Weaver%2C+Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F30%2Fisis-announces-islamic-caliphate-iraq-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <cite class="citation news">McGrath, Timothy (2 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20140702/watch-this-english-speaking-isis-fighter-explain-how-a-98-year-old-colonial-map-created-todays-conflict">"Watch this English-speaking ISIS fighter explain how a 98-year-old colonial map created today's conflict"</a>. Los Angeles Times. GlobalPost. Diakses tanggal 22 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Watch+this+English-speaking+ISIS+fighter+explain+how+a+98-year-old+colonial+map+created+today%27s+conflict&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.com%2Fgeneral-news%2F20140702%2Fwatch-this-english-speaking-isis-fighter-explain-how-a-98-year-old-colonial-map-created-todays-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Caillet, Romain (27 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54017">"The Islamic State: Leaving al-Qaeda Behind"</a>. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+State%3A+Leaving+al-Qaeda+Behind&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=2013-12-27&rft.aulast=Caillet&rft.aufirst=Romain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fsyriaincrisis%2F%3Ffa%3D54017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Gude-2015-3-316">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gude-2015-3_316-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gude-2015-3_316-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Gude, Ken (November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/25074358/ISISTrap.pdf">Anti-Muslim Sentiment Is a Serious Threat to American Security</a> (PDF). Center for American Progress. hlm. 3. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://top-channel.tv/lajme/artikull.php?id=293580&fundi">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-02-21. Diakses tanggal 22 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sa+%C3%ABsht%C3%AB+numri+i+xhihadist%C3%ABve+t%C3%AB+ISIS-it%3F&rft.place=Tirana%2C+Albania&rft.pub=Top+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftop-channel.tv%2Flajme%2Fartikull.php%3Fid%3D293580%26fundi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kurdish-397"><a href="#cite_ref-Kurdish_397-0">^</a> Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Kurdish</code></li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-HMJ-398"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-HMJ_398-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Weaver, Mary Anne (19 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/19/magazine/her-majestys-jihadists.html">"Her Majesty's Jihadists"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 4 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mail&rft.atitle=HOW+many%3F+Authorities+claim+%27up+to+250%27+Australians+are+linked+to+ISIS+terrorists&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle-2815858%2FAuthorities-claim-250-Australians-linked-ISIS-terrorists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/isis-azerbaijan-syria-fighting-killed/26848583.html">"Azerbaijanis Killed In Syria, Pro-Government Outlets Report"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Azerbaijanis+Killed+In+Syria%2C+Pro-Government+Outlets+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Fisis-azerbaijan-syria-fighting-killed%2F26848583.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/austria/11435388/Austria-passes-controversial-reforms-to-Islam-law-banning-foreign-funding.html">"Austria passes controversial reforms to Islam law banning foreign funding"</a>. The Telegraph. London. 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Austria+passes+controversial+reforms+to+Islam+law+banning+foreign+funding&rft.date=2015-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Faustria%2F11435388%2FAustria-passes-controversial-reforms-to-Islam-law-banning-foreign-funding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.no/20150212/new-norwegians-take-top-roles-in-isis-jihadi-group">"New Norwegians take top roles in Isis jihadi group"</a>. The Local. Norway. 12 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=New+Norwegians+take+top+roles+in+Isis+jihadi+group&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.no%2F20150212%2Fnew-norwegians-take-top-roles-in-isis-jihadi-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.es/20141216/police-arrest-seven-people-for-recruiting-women-for-isis">"Police arrest seven for recruiting women for Isis"</a>. The Local. Spain. 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Police+arrest+seven+for+recruiting+women+for+Isis&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.es%2F20141216%2Fpolice-arrest-seven-people-for-recruiting-women-for-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/10/world/canada-isis-jihadists/">"Canadians have joined ISIS to fight – and die – in Syria"</a>. CNN. 10 September 2014. Diakses tanggal 3 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadians+have+joined+ISIS+to+fight+%E2%80%93+and+die+%E2%80%93+in+Syria&rft.date=2014-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F09%2F10%2Fworld%2Fcanada-isis-jihadists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ajvtv-417">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ajvtv_417-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ajvtv_417-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news">Carlstrom, Gregg (3 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/10/isil-distant-threat-israel-2014103132011368904.html">"ISIL a distant threat for Israel"</a>. Al Jazeera. <q>The London-based International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation estimates that just 120 people from Israel and the Palestinian territories are now fighting in Syria and Iraq.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ISIL+a+distant+threat+for+Israel&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft.aulast=Carlstrom&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F10%2Fisil-distant-threat-israel-2014103132011368904.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-418"><a href="#cite_ref-418">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vocativ.com/world/isis-2/israelis-fighting-isis/">"Israelis Are Joining ISIS"</a>. Vocativ. 7 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 3 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vocativ&rft.atitle=Israelis+Are+Joining+ISIS&rft.date=2014-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vocativ.com%2Fworld%2Fisis-2%2Fisraelis-fighting-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  "According to Israeli security service estimates, there are now 40 to 50 Arab-Israelis fighting in Syria and Iraq, most of them as part of ISIS. That’s not a huge number, given that there are 1.3 million Muslims living in Israel." </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Quann, Jack (10 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstalk.ie/Former-ISIS-operative-Irish-fighters-IS-Syria-Turkey-interview-Abu-Omar">"EXCLUSIVE: Newstalk speaks to former ISIS operative about Irish fighters"</a>. Newstalk. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2015. <q>It is estimated that some 40 Irish men have gone to fight for ISIS in Syria and Iraq</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newstalk&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Newstalk+speaks+to+former+ISIS+operative+about+Irish+fighters&rft.date=2015-02-10&rft.aulast=Quann&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstalk.ie%2FFormer-ISIS-operative-Irish-fighters-IS-Syria-Turkey-interview-Abu-Omar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Machaidze, Rusiko (16 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dfwatch.net/four-people-detained-in-georgia-for-links-to-isis-36529">"Four people detained in Georgia for links to ISIS"</a>. Democracy & Freedom Watch. Diakses tanggal 18 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Four+people+detained+in+Georgia+for+links+to+ISIS&rft.date=2015-06-16&rft.aulast=Machaidze&rft.aufirst=Rusiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdfwatch.net%2Ffour-people-detained-in-georgia-for-links-to-isis-36529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-421"><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarin.com/edicion-impresa/Argentinos-aparecen-yihadistas-exoticos_0_1224477624.html">"Argentinos aparecen entre los "yihadistas exóticos""</a>. Clarín (dalam bahasa Spanish). 5 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clar%C3%ADn&rft.atitle=Argentinos+aparecen+entre+los+%E2%80%9Cyihadistas+ex%C3%B3ticos%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2014-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarin.com%2Fedicion-impresa%2FArgentinos-aparecen-yihadistas-exoticos_0_1224477624.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Timesg2014-422"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Timesg2014_422-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.timesofindia.com/india/India-tracking-18-desi-jihadis-in-Iraq-Syria/articleshow/38036066.cms">"India tracking 18 desi jihadis in Iraq, Syria"</a>. The Times of India Mobile Site. 9 July 2014. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India+Mobile+Site&rft.atitle=India+tracking+18+desi+jihadis+in+Iraq%2C+Syria&rft.date=2014-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.timesofindia.com%2Findia%2FIndia-tracking-18-desi-jihadis-in-Iraq-Syria%2Farticleshow%2F38036066.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarionproject.org/analysis/portugal-fails-heed-warnings-spain-about-jihadis">"Portugal Fails to Heed Warnings from Spain About Jihadis"</a>. The Clarion Project. 16 September 2014. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Clarion+Project&rft.atitle=Portugal+Fails+to+Heed+Warnings+from+Spain+About+Jihadis&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarionproject.org%2Fanalysis%2Fportugal-fails-heed-warnings-spain-about-jihadis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/portugals-jihadists-gain-prominence/33884">"Portugal's Jihadists gain prominence"</a>. The Portugal News. 5 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Portugal+News&rft.atitle=Portugal%E2%80%99s+Jihadists+gain+prominence&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theportugalnews.com%2Fnews%2Fportugals-jihadists-gain-prominence%2F33884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Fonbuena, Carmela (22 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/69817-dead-filipino-isis-jihadists">"Filipino jihadists killed in Syria - reports"</a>. Rappler. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filipino+jihadists+killed+in+Syria+-+reports&rft.pub=Rappler&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.aulast=Fonbuena&rft.aufirst=Carmela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F69817-dead-filipino-isis-jihadists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b05s4ytp/this-world-worlds-richest-terror-army">"World's Richest Terror Army"</a>. BBC. 24 April 2015. hlm. 25:06 – within a 59 minute programme. <q>excerpt from, interview with Abu Hajjar, a former "senior leader of IS": "How much money would a foreign fighter receive as a wage?" "A foreigner? They aren't given a salary. They are given food and housing, not money."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World%27s+Richest+Terror+Army&rft.pages=25%3A06+-+within+a+59+minute+programme&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fiplayer%2Fepisode%2Fb05s4ytp%2Fthis-world-worlds-richest-terror-army&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Ismay, John (17 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/insight-into-how-insurgents-fought-in-iraq/">"Insight into How Insurgents Fought in Iraq"</a>. The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 22 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Insight+into+How+Insurgents+Fought+in+Iraq&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft.aulast=Ismay&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatwar.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F10%2F17%2Finsight-into-how-insurgents-fought-in-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-huffpo7aug-428"><a href="#cite_ref-huffpo7aug_428-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Lister, Charles (7 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/charles-lister/not-just-iraq-the-islamic_b_5658048.html">"Not Just Iraq: The Islamic State Is Also on the March in Syria"</a>. The Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Not+Just+Iraq%3A+The+Islamic+State+Is+Also+on+the+March+in+Syria&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fcharles-lister%2Fnot-just-iraq-the-islamic_b_5658048.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Cowell, Alan (10 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/world/middleeast/iraq.html">"Low-Grade Nuclear Material Is Seized by Rebels in Iraq, U.N. Says"</a>. The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 15 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Low-Grade+Nuclear+Material+Is+Seized+by+Rebels+in+Iraq%2C+U.N.+Says&rft.date=2014-07-10&rft.aulast=Cowell&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Sherlock, Ruth (10 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10958388/Iraq-jihadists-seize-nuclear-material-says-ambassador-to-UN.html">"Iraq jihadists seize 'nuclear material', says ambassador to UN"</a>. The Telegraph. London. Diakses tanggal 15 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Iraq+jihadists+seize+%27nuclear+material%27%2C+says+ambassador+to+UN&rft.date=2014-07-10&rft.aulast=Sherlock&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F10958388%2FIraq-jihadists-seize-nuclear-material-says-ambassador-to-UN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/891121/islamic-state-says-it-could-buy-nuclear-weapon-from-pakistan-within-a-year/">"Islamic State says it could buy nuclear weapon from Pakistan within a year"</a>. The Express Tribune. 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Diakses tanggal 9 March 2015. <q>JOHN KERRY: Regrettably Congressman, no we're not going to be undercut, because. If Assad's forces indeed do decide to focus on ISIL significantly, which they haven't been doing throughout this period, one of our judgements is there is evidence that Assad has played footsie with them, and he has used them as a tool of weakening the opposition. He never took on their headquarters, which were there and obvious, and other assets that they have. So we have no confidence that Assad is either capable of or willing to take on ISIL."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kerry%3A+There+Is+Evidence+That+Assad+Has+Played+%22Footsie%22+With+ISIL&rft.pub=Real+Clear+Politics&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fvideo%2F2014%2F09%2F18%2Fkerry_there_is_evidence_that_assad_has_played_footsie_with_isil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-546"><a href="#cite_ref-546">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/news/is-assad-isis-rebel-forces-iraq-syria">"Has Assad infiltrated rebel forces inside Syria?"</a>. Channel Four News. 24 April 2014. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/resources/interviews/14279-exclusive-shaikh-hassan-abbouds-final-interview">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-03-19. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Shaikh+Hassan+Abboud%27s+final+interview&rft.pub=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.aulast=Ridley&rft.aufirst=Yyonne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2Fresources%2Finterviews%2F14279-exclusive-shaikh-hassan-abbouds-final-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-548"><a href="#cite_ref-548">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/21/Al-Qaeda-detainees-reveal-ties-with-Assad.html">"AlQaeda detainees reveal ties with Assad"</a>. Al Arabiya News. 20 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AlQaeda+detainees+reveal+ties+with+Assad&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya+News&rft.date=2014-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2014%2F01%2F21%2FAl-Qaeda-detainees-reveal-ties-with-Assad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-549"><a href="#cite_ref-549">^</a> <cite class="citation web">U.S. Embassy Syria [@USEmbassySyria] (1 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/USEmbassySyria/status/605471087422488579">"Reports indicate that the regime is making air-strikes in support of #ISIL's advance on #Aleppo, aiding extremists against Syrian population"</a> (Tweet). Diakses tanggal 2 June 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reports+indicate+that+the+regime+is+making+air-strikes+in+support+of+%23ISIL%27s+advance+on+%23Aleppo%2C+aiding+extremists+against+Syrian+population&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.au=U.S.+Embassy+Syria+%5B%40USEmbassySyria%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FUSEmbassySyria%2Fstatus%2F605471087422488579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-550"><a href="#cite_ref-550">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Barnard, Anne (2 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/03/world/middleeast/new-battles-aleppo-syria-insurgents-isis.html">"Assad's Forces May Be Aiding New ISIS Surge"</a>. The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Assad%27s+Forces+May+Be+Aiding+New+ISIS+Surge&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F06%2F03%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fnew-battles-aleppo-syria-insurgents-isis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-551"><a href="#cite_ref-551">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bar'el, Zvi (3 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/1.659340">"Assad's cooperation with ISIS could push U.S. into Syria conflict"</a>. Haaretz. Diakses tanggal 4 June 2015. <q>Salim Idris, defense minister in the rebels’ provisional government, said approximately 180 Syrian Army officers are currently serving with ISIS and coordinating the group’s military operations with the army.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Assad%27s+cooperation+with+ISIS+could+push+U.S.+into+Syria+conflict&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft.aulast=Bar%27el&rft.aufirst=Zvi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2F1.659340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-552"><a href="#cite_ref-552">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Philps, Alan (25 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/rebels-are-close-to-raqqa--but-what-happens-next">"Rebels are close to Raqqa – but what happens next?"</a>. The National. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Rebels+are+close+to+Raqqa+%E2%80%93+but+what+happens+next%3F&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft.aulast=Philps&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fopinion%2Fcomment%2Frebels-are-close-to-raqqa--but-what-happens-next&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-553"><a href="#cite_ref-553">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Selman İnanc, Yusuf (28 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2015/06/28/isis-and-assad-cooperate-locally-on-mutual-interests-to-destroy-fsa">"ISIS and Assad cooperate locally on mutual interests to destroy FSA"</a>. Daily Sabah. Diakses tanggal 29 June 2015. <q>speaking on the condition of anonymity, told Daily Sabah that President Bashar Assad's Syrian regime and ISIS made an agreement on that day at the gas production plant.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=ISIS+and+Assad+cooperate+locally+on+mutual+interests+to+destroy+FSA&rft.date=2015-06-28&rft.aulast=Selman+%C4%B0nanc&rft.aufirst=Yusuf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fmideast%2F2015%2F06%2F28%2Fisis-and-assad-cooperate-locally-on-mutual-interests-to-destroy-fsa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-554"><a href="#cite_ref-554">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Krever, Mick (27 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/27/world/amanpour-turkey-davutoglu/">"ISIS exists because world ignored al-Assad in Syria, Turkish leader says"</a>. CNN. Diakses tanggal 28 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ISIS+exists+because+world+ignored+al-Assad+in+Syria%2C+Turkish+leader+says&rft.date=2015-07-27&rft.aulast=Krever&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2015%2F07%2F27%2Fworld%2Famanpour-turkey-davutoglu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-555"><a href="#cite_ref-555">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28498661">"UN 'may include' Isis on Syrian war crimes list"</a>. BBC News. 26 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UN+%27may+include%27+Isis+on+Syrian+war+crimes+list&rft.date=2014-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-28498661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-scores-556"><a href="#cite_ref-reuters-scores_556-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/28/us-syria-crisis-idUSKBN0GS10O20140828">Video shows Islamic State executes scores of Syrian soldiers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924203900/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/28/us-syria-crisis-idUSKBN0GS10O20140828">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-09-24 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.". Reuters. 28 August 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-557"><a href="#cite_ref-557">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/2014/11/14/ISIS-commits-crimes-against-humanity-in-Syria.html">"ISIS accused of crimes against humanity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=ISIS+accused+of+crimes+against+humanity&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2F2014%2F11%2F14%2FISIS-commits-crimes-against-humanity-in-Syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-558"><a href="#cite_ref-558">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Larson, Nina (14 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Nov-14/277641-un-probe-isis-committing-crimes-against-humanity-in-syria.ashx">"UN probe: ISIS committing 'crimes against humanity' in Syria"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon) (halaman belum tersedia)">The Daily Star</a>. Beirut, Lebanon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=UN+probe%3A+ISIS+committing+%27crimes+against+humanity%27+in+Syria&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FNov-14%2F277641-un-probe-isis-committing-crimes-against-humanity-in-syria.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-559"><a href="#cite_ref-559">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/11/27/libya-extremists-terrorizing-derna-residents">"Libya: Extremists Terrorizing Derna Residents"</a>. Human Rights Watch. Diakses tanggal 28 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libya%3A+Extremists+Terrorizing+Derna+Residents&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2014%2F11%2F27%2Flibya-extremists-terrorizing-derna-residents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-UNRuleOfTerror-560"><a href="#cite_ref-UNRuleOfTerror_560-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204115327/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoISyria/HRC_CRP_ISIS_14Nov2014.pdf">"Rule of Terror: Living under ISIS in Syria"</a> (PDF). United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoISyria/HRC_CRP_ISIS_14Nov2014.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 4 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 29 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rule+of+Terror%3A+Living+under+ISIS+in+Syria&rft.pub=United+Nations+Commission+on+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FDocuments%2FHRBodies%2FHRCouncil%2FCoISyria%2FHRC_CRP_ISIS_14Nov2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-McCoyTop-561">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCoyTop_561-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCoyTop_561-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCoyTop_561-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news">McCoy, Terrence (13 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/06/13/isis-beheadings-and-the-success-of-horrifying-violence/">"ISIL, beheadings and the success of horrifying violence"</a>. The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=ISIL%2C+beheadings+and+the+success+of+horrifying+violence&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft.aulast=McCoy&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2014%2F06%2F13%2Fisis-beheadings-and-the-success-of-horrifying-violence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Bulos-562">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bulos_562-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulos_562-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news">Bulos, Nabih (20 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-isis-video-20140620-story.html">"Islamic State of Iraq and Syria aims to recruit Westerners with video"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+of+Iraq+and+Syria+aims+to+recruit+Westerners+with+video&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft.aulast=Bulos&rft.aufirst=Nabih&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fla-fg-isis-video-20140620-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Zarocostas-clerics-563">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zarocostas-clerics_563-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zarocostas-clerics_563-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Zarocostas, John (8 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530010534/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/07/08/232563/un-islamic-state-executed-imam.html">"U.N.: Islamic State executed imam of mosque where Baghdadi preached"</a>. McClatchyDC. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/07/08/232563/un-islamic-state-executed-imam.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-05-30. Diakses tanggal 10 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McClatchyDC&rft.atitle=U.N.%3A+Islamic+State+executed+imam+of+mosque+where+Baghdadi+preached&rft.date=2014-07-08&rft.aulast=Zarocostas&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2F2014%2F07%2F08%2F232563%2Fun-islamic-state-executed-imam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Christian-564"><a href="#cite_ref-Christian_564-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Abi-Habib, Maria (26 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/articles/iraqs-christian-minority-feels-militant-threat-1403826576">"Iraq's Christian Minority Feels Militant Threat"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2014 – via Google. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Iraq%27s+Christian+Minority+Feels+Militant+Threat&rft.date=2014-06-26&rft.aulast=Abi-Habib&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Firaqs-christian-minority-feels-militant-threat-1403826576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-565"><a href="#cite_ref-565">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/10/10/syria-executions-hostage-taking-rebels">"Syria: Executions, Hostage Taking by Rebels"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 25 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+Islamic+State+accused+of+ethnic+cleansing&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-29026491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-OHRCHR/UNAMI-568">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OHRCHR/UNAMI_568-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OHRCHR/UNAMI_568-1">b</a> <cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IQ/UNAMI_OHCHR_POC_Report_FINAL_6July_10September2014.pdf">Report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict in Iraq: 6 July – 10 September 2014</a> (PDF). ohchr.org (Laporan). 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Tom Heneghan, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reutecom/article/2015rs./02/24/us-mideast-crisis-christians-idUSKBN0LS0MH20150224">"Islamic State in Syria abducts at least 150 Christians"</a>. Reuters. 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Diakses tanggal 4 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Islamic+State%3A+Yazidi+women+tell+of+sex-slavery+trauma&rft.date=2014-12-22&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-30573385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Nebehay-10-2-610">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nebehay-10-2_610-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nebehay-10-2_610-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news">Nebehay, Stephanie (2 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151010235026/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/02/us-mideast-crisis-un-idUSKCN0HR0R120141002">"Islamic State committing 'staggering' crimes in Iraq: U.N. report"</a>. Reuters. 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Diakses tanggal 2 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+committing+%27staggering%27+crimes+in+Iraq%3A+U.N.+report&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft.aulast=Nebehay&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F10%2F02%2Fus-mideast-crisis-un-idUSKCN0HR0R120141002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-dn_20140923-611"><a href="#cite_ref-dn_20140923_611-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Lagerwall, Katarina (23 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/det-jag-har-bevittnat-i-al-raqqa-kommer-alltid-forfolja-mig/">"Det jag har bevittnat i al-Raqqa kommer alltid förfölja mig"</a> [What I have witnessed in al-Raqqa will always haunt me]. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagens_Nyheter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagens Nyheter (halaman belum tersedia)">Dagens Nyheter</a> (dalam bahasa Swedish). 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Diakses tanggal 25 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dagens+Nyheter&rft.atitle=Det+jag+har+bevittnat+i+al-Raqqa+kommer+alltid+f%C3%B6rf%C3%B6lja+mig&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft.aulast=Lagerwall&rft.aufirst=Katarina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dn.se%2Fnyheter%2Fvarlden%2Fdet-jag-har-bevittnat-i-al-raqqa-kommer-alltid-forfolja-mig%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-612"><a href="#cite_ref-612">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Brekke, Kira (8 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/08/isis-attacks-on-women_n_5775106.html?cps=gravity">"ISIS Is Attacking Women, And Nobody Is Talking About It"</a>. The Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal 11 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=ISIS+Is+Attacking+Women%2C+And+Nobody+Is+Talking+About+It&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft.aulast=Brekke&rft.aufirst=Kira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F09%2F08%2Fisis-attacks-on-women_n_5775106.html%3Fcps%3Dgravity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-IPS_women-613"><a href="#cite_ref-IPS_women_613-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/06/op-ed-surging-violence-against-women-in-iraq/">"Surging Violence Against Women in Iraq"</a>. Inter Press Service. 27 June 2014. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inter+Press+Service&rft.atitle=Surging+Violence+Against+Women+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsnews.net%2F2014%2F06%2Fop-ed-surging-violence-against-women-in-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-614"><a href="#cite_ref-614">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Winterton, Clare (25 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/clare-winterton/why-we-must-act_b_5528162.html">"Why We Must Act When Women in Iraq Document Rape"</a>. The Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Why+We+Must+Act+When+Women+in+Iraq+Document+Rape&rft.date=2014-06-25&rft.aulast=Winterton&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fclare-winterton%2Fwhy-we-must-act_b_5528162.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-giglio-615"><a href="#cite_ref-giglio_615-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Giglio, Mike (27 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buzzfeed.com/mikegiglio/fear-of-sexual-violence-simmers-in-iraq-as-isis-advances">"Fear of Sexual Violence Simmers in Iraq As ISIL Advances"</a>. BuzzFeed. Diakses tanggal 9 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=Fear+of+Sexual+Violence+Simmers+in+Iraq+As+ISIL+Advances&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft.aulast=Giglio&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fmikegiglio%2Ffear-of-sexual-violence-simmers-in-iraq-as-isis-advances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-616"><a href="#cite_ref-616">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Williams, Martin (25 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716131626/http://citizen.co.za/52696/sexual-jihad-is-a-bit-much/">"Sexual jihad is a bit much"</a>. The Citizen. Gauteng, South Africa. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citizen.co.za/52696/sexual-jihad-is-a-bit-much/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-07-16. Diakses tanggal 7 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Citizen&rft.atitle=Sexual+jihad+is+a+bit+much&rft.date=2013-09-25&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitizen.co.za%2F52696%2Fsexual-jihad-is-a-bit-much%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_Watson_cattle-617"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_Watson_cattle_617-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Watson, Ivan (30 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/30/world/meast/isis-female-slaves/">"'Treated like cattle': Yazidi women sold, raped, enslaved by ISIS"</a>. CNN. Diakses tanggal 14 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Treated+like+cattle%27%3A+Yazidi+women+sold%2C+raped%2C+enslaved+by+ISIS&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F10%2F30%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Fisis-female-slaves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-618"><a href="#cite_ref-618">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Yoon, Sangwoon (4 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150807011203/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-03/sex-slaves-sold-by-islamic-state-the-younger-the-better">"Islamic State Circulates Sex Slave Price List"</a>. BloombergBusines. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-03/sex-slaves-sold-by-islamic-state-the-younger-the-better">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BloombergBusines&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+Circulates+Sex+Slave+Price+List&rft.date=2015-08-04&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=Sangwoon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2015-08-03%2Fsex-slaves-sold-by-islamic-state-the-younger-the-better&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-619"><a href="#cite_ref-619">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Todenhöfer, Jürgen (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insideis10tageim0000tode">Inside IS- 10 Tage im <Islamischen Staat></a> [Inside IS: 10 days in 'Islamic State'] (dalam bahasa German). Munich, Germany: C. Bertelsmann Verlag. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-570-10276-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-570-10276-3">978-3-570-10276-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+IS-+10+Tage+im+%3CIslamischen+Staat%3E&rft.place=Munich%2C+Germany&rft.pub=C.+Bertelsmann+Verlag&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-570-10276-3&rft.aulast=Todenh%C3%B6fer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsideis10tageim0000tode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-620"><a href="#cite_ref-620">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Spencer, Richard (14 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11160906/Isil-carried-out-massacres-and-mass-sexual-enslavement-of-Yazidis-UN-confirms.html">"Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms"</a>. The Telegraph. London. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Isil+carried+out+massacres+and+mass+sexual+enslavement+of+Yazidis%2C+UN+confirms&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fislamic-state%2F11160906%2FIsil-carried-out-massacres-and-mass-sexual-enslavement-of-Yazidis-UN-confirms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-621"><a href="#cite_ref-621">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Semple, Kirk (14 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/15/world/middleeast/yazidi-girls-seized-by-isis-speak-out-after-escape.html">"Yazidi Girls Seized by ISIS Speak Out After Escape"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 14 August 2015. <q>The information about al-Baghdadi's extraordinary direct role in the captivity and physical abuse of Kayla Mueller was drawn from, among many sources, the U.S. debriefings of at least least two Yezedi teenage girls, ages 16 and 18, held as sex slaves in the Sayyaf compound as well as from the interrogation of Abu Sayyaf's wife Umm Sayyaf, who was captured in the U.S. raid, the officials told ABC News.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ISIS+Leader+Abu+Bakr+Al-Baghdadi+Sexually+Abused+American+Hostage+Kayla+Mueller%2C+Officials+Say&rft.date=2015-08-14&rft.aulast=Meek&rft.aufirst=James+Gordon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fisis-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-sexually-abused%2Fstory%3Fid%3D33085923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Abdelaziz_-_ISIS_States_Justification-638">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abdelaziz_-_ISIS_States_Justification_638-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abdelaziz_-_ISIS_States_Justification_638-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abdelaziz_-_ISIS_States_Justification_638-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news">Abdelaziz, Salma (13 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/12/world/meast/isis-justification-slavery">"ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 4 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22They%27re+delusional%22%3A+Rivals+ridicule+ISIS+declaration+of+Islamic+state&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftheyre-delusional-rivals-ridicule-isis-declaration-of-islamic-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Caliph_address-722"><a href="#cite_ref-Caliph_address_722-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Strange, Hannah (5 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html">"Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi addresses Muslims in Mosul"</a>. The Telegraph. London. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+leader+Abu+Bakr+al-Baghdadi+addresses+Muslims+in+Mosul&rft.date=2014-07-05&rft.aulast=Strange&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F10948480%2FIslamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-haykel-6-8-15-723"><a href="#cite_ref-haykel-6-8-15_723-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Creswell, Robyn; Haykel, Bernard (8 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/08/battle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel">"Battle Lines"</a>. The New Yorker. Diakses tanggal 6 June 2015. <q>In the most recent issue of Dabiq, ISIS’s English-language magazine, a female writer encourages women to emigrate to "the lands of the Islamic State" even if it means travelling without a male companion, a shocking breach of traditional Islamic law. This may be a cynical ploy—a lure for runaways. But it is in keeping with the jihadists’ attack on parental authority and its emphasis on individual empowerment, including the power of female believers to renounce families they do not view as authentically Muslim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Battle+Lines&rft.date=2015-06-08&rft.aulast=Creswell&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft.au=Haykel%2C+Bernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2015%2F06%2F08%2Fbattle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-haykel2-6-8-15-724"><a href="#cite_ref-haykel2-6-8-15_724-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Creswell, Robyn; Haykel, Bernard (8 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/08/battle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel">"Battle Lines"</a>. The New Yorker. Diakses tanggal 6 June 2015. <q>It has also created a female morality police, a shadowy group called the al-Khansa’ Brigades, who insure proper deportment in ISIS-held towns. ... Al-Khansa’ was a female poet of the pre-Islamic era who converted to Islam and became a companion of the Prophet, and her elegies for her male relations are keystones of the genre [of Islamic poetry]. The name therefore suggests an institution with deep roots in the past, and yet there has never been anything like the Brigades in Islamic history, nor do they have an equivalent anywhere else in the Arab world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Battle+Lines&rft.date=2015-06-08&rft.aulast=Creswell&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft.au=Haykel%2C+Bernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2015%2F06%2F08%2Fbattle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ibt-09-28-725">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ibt-09-28_725-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibt-09-28_725-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news">Halleck, Thomas (26 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/thousands-french-muslims-protest-herve-gourdel-beheading-1695741">"Thousands of French Muslims Protest Herve Gourdel Beheading"</a>. International Business Times. Diakses tanggal 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+French+Muslims+Protest+Herve+Gourdel+Beheading&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft.aulast=Halleck&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fthousands-french-muslims-protest-herve-gourdel-beheading-1695741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-726"><a href="#cite_ref-726">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rt.com/news/191060-paris-muslims-protest-gourdel/">"'Not in my name': French Muslims rally to denounce ISIS beheadings"</a>. RT. 26 September 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Not+in+my+name%27%3A+French+Muslims+rally+to+denounce+ISIS+beheadings&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frt.com%2Fnews%2F191060-paris-muslims-protest-gourdel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-727"><a href="#cite_ref-727">^</a> <cite class="citation audio-visual"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiyyWiO-IKY">Ghosts of Aleppo (Full Length)</a>. VICE News. 30 September 2014 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghosts+of+Aleppo+%28Full+Length%29&rft.pub=VICE+News&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCiyyWiO-IKY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-728"><a href="#cite_ref-728">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.vice.com/video/ghosts-of-aleppo-full-length">"Ghosts of Aleppo (Full Length)"</a>. VICE News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VICE+News&rft.atitle=Ghosts+of+Aleppo+%28Full+Length%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.vice.com%2Fvideo%2Fghosts-of-aleppo-full-length&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-729"><a href="#cite_ref-729">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Joscelyn, Thomas (25 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/10/al-qaeda-appears-moderate-compared-to-islamic-state-veteran-jihadist-says.php">"Al Qaeda appears 'moderate' compared to Islamic State, veteran jihadist says"</a>. Long War Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Al+Qaeda+appears+%E2%80%98moderate%E2%80%99+compared+to+Islamic+State%2C+veteran+jihadist+says&rft.date=2015-10-25&rft.aulast=Joscelyn&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2015%2F10%2Fal-qaeda-appears-moderate-compared-to-islamic-state-veteran-jihadist-says.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-730"><a href="#cite_ref-730">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Joscelyn, Thomas (26 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-rare-interview-with-an-experienced-al-qaeda-commander-shows-how-the-group-is-using-isis-to-make-itself-look-moderate-2015-10">"A rare interview with an experienced Al Qaeda commander shows how the group is using ISIS to make itself look 'moderate'"</a>. Business Insider. Diakses tanggal 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=A+rare+interview+with+an+experienced+Al+Qaeda+commander+shows+how+the+group+is+using+ISIS+to+make+itself+look+%27moderate%27&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft.aulast=Joscelyn&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fa-rare-interview-with-an-experienced-al-qaeda-commander-shows-how-the-group-is-using-isis-to-make-itself-look-moderate-2015-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-731"><a href="#cite_ref-731">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Joscelyn, Thomas (5 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/06/inheritedjihad.php">"The Al Nusrah Front's 'inherited jihad'"</a>. Long War Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Al+Nusrah+Front%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98inherited+jihad%E2%80%99&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.aulast=Joscelyn&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2015%2F06%2Finheritedjihad.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-732"><a href="#cite_ref-732">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Joscelyn, Thomas (20 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/07/officials-from-al-nusrah-front-ahrar-al-sham-vow-to-continue-fight-against-islamic-state.php">"Officials from Al Nusrah Front, Ahrar al Sham vow to continue fight against Islamic State"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 4 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uncover+the+Mask+with+Evidence+and+Confidence+%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2015-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6akQmuYyAT0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-737"><a href="#cite_ref-737">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925084826/http://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/number-of-isis-defectors-growing-disillusioned-with-killing-fellow-muslims-study">"Number of ISIS defectors growing, disillusioned with killing fellow Muslims: Study"</a>. The Straits Times. London. Agence France-Presse. 21 September 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/number-of-isis-defectors-growing-disillusioned-with-killing-fellow-muslims-study">versi asli</a> tanggal 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Number+of+ISIS+defectors+growing%2C+disillusioned+with+killing+fellow+Muslims%3A+Study&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fnumber-of-isis-defectors-growing-disillusioned-with-killing-fellow-muslims-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-738"><a href="#cite_ref-738">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Neumann, Peter R. 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Diakses tanggal 13 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Isis+should+be+called+the+%27Un-Islamic+State%27%3A+British+Muslims+call+on+David+Cameron+to+stop+spread+of+extremist+propaganda&rft.date=2014-09-14&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fisis-call-it-the-unislamic-state-say-muslim-groups-as-another-hostage-is-murdered-9731823.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CallThemUnislamic-759"><a href="#cite_ref-CallThemUnislamic_759-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/09/14/islamic-state-unislamic-david-haines_n_5817526.html">"Islamic State: Call Them 'Unislamic State,' Leading Muslims Plead, As Terror Group Murders David Haines"</a>. Huntington Post. 14 September 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huntington+Post&rft.atitle=Islamic+State%3A+Call+Them+%27Unislamic+State%2C%27+Leading+Muslims+Plead%2C+As+Terror+Group+Murders+David+Haines&rft.date=2014-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2F2014%2F09%2F14%2Fislamic-state-unislamic-david-haines_n_5817526.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-mock-760"><a href="#cite_ref-mock_760-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countercurrentnews.com/2014/09/muslims-around-the-world-are-making-parody-videos-to-mock-isis/">"Muslims Around The World Are Making Parody Videos To Mock ISIS"</a>. Countercurrent News. 2 October 2014. 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Diakses tanggal 27 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+Many+Iranians%2C+the+%E2%80%98Evidence%E2%80%99+Is+Clear%3A+ISIS+Is+an+American+Invention&rft.date=2014-09-10&rft.aulast=Erdbrink&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F09%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-many-in-iran-believe-is-an-american-invention.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-yazidi-765">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yazidi_765-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yazidi_765-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ezidipress.com/blog/is-terror-in-shingal-wer-kaempft-gegen-wen-ein-ueberblick/">"IS-Terror in Shingal: Wer kämpft gegen wen? Ein Überblick"</a> [Who is fighting against whom? An overview]. 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Diakses tanggal 9 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Akhbar&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+fighters+and+the+%22jihadis%22%3A+Mad%2C+drugged%2C+homicidal%2C+and+hungry&rft.date=2014-05-19&rft.aulast=Mortada&rft.aufirst=Radwan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.al-akhbar.com%2Fcontent%2Fhezbollah-fighters-and-jihadis-mad-drugged-homicidal-and-hungry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-771"><a href="#cite_ref-771">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Malouf, Carol; Spencer, Richard (4 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/11011833/Islamic-State-seizes-territory-inside-Lebanon.html">"Islamic State seizes territory inside Lebanon"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. 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Diakses tanggal 23 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Jordan+confirms+its+planes+joined+strikes+on+IS+in+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjordantimes.com%2Fjordan-confirms-its-planes-joined-strikes-on-is-in-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-773"><a href="#cite_ref-773">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/07/turkish-army-hits-isil-syria-shooting-150723140621321.html">"Turkish army trades fire with ISIL fighters in Syria"</a>. 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The Nordic Page.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nordic+Page&rft.atitle=Norway+is+Officially+Part+of+the+Military+Coalition+against+ISIS&rft.date=2014-09-19&rft.aulast=Sevincer&rft.aufirst=Vedat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnp.no%2Fnorway%2Fpanorama%2F4613-norway-is-officially-part-of-the-military-coalition-against-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-814"><a href="#cite_ref-814">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Ribeiro, Nuno. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publico.pt/politica/noticia/portugal-treina-militares-iraquianos-contra-o-estado-islamico-1679224?page=1">"Portugal treina militares iraquianos contra o Estado Islâmico"</a>. PÚBLICO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%9ABLICO&rft.atitle=Portugal+treina+militares+iraquianos+contra+o+Estado+Isl%C3%A2mico&rft.aulast=Ribeiro&rft.aufirst=Nuno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.pt%2Fpolitica%2Fnoticia%2Fportugal-treina-militares-iraquianos-contra-o-estado-islamico-1679224%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-815"><a href="#cite_ref-815">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2014/10/09/actualidad/1412867011_131222.html">"España enviará unos 300 militares a Irak para instruir a su Ejército"</a>. El País. 9 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Espa%C3%B1a+enviar%C3%A1+unos+300+militares+a+Irak+para+instruir+a+su+Ej%C3%A9rcito&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitica.elpais.com%2Fpolitica%2F2014%2F10%2F09%2Factualidad%2F1412867011_131222.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-WBTurkeyGround-816"><a href="#cite_ref-WBTurkeyGround_816-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/world/149002/turkey-trains-kurdish-peshmerga-forces-in-fight-against-isil">"Turkey trains Kurdish peshmerga forces in fight against ISIL"</a>. world bulletin.net. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=world+bulletin.net&rft.atitle=Turkey+trains+Kurdish+peshmerga+forces+in+fight+against+ISIL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbulletin.net%2Fworld%2F149002%2Fturkey-trains-kurdish-peshmerga-forces-in-fight-against-isil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wt3001-817"><a href="#cite_ref-wt3001_817-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150308201059/http://www.worldtribune.com/2014/01/30/turkey-launches-air-strike-on-al-qaida-convoy-in-n-syria/">"Turkey launches air strike on Al Qaida convoy in N. Syria"</a>. World Tribune. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtribune.com/2014/01/30/turkey-launches-air-strike-on-al-qaida-convoy-in-n-syria/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-03-08. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Tribune&rft.atitle=Turkey+launches+air+strike+on+Al+Qaida+convoy+in+N.+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtribune.com%2F2014%2F01%2F30%2Fturkey-launches-air-strike-on-al-qaida-convoy-in-n-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-818"><a href="#cite_ref-818">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Stephenson, Emily (23 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151011212310/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/23/us-mideast-crisis-usa-airbase-idUSKCN0PX2B520150723">"Turkey lets U.S. strike Islamic State from Incirlik base: U.S."</a> Reuters. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/23/us-mideast-crisis-usa-airbase-idUSKCN0PX2B520150723">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-10-11. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkey+lets+U.S.+strike+Islamic+State+from+Incirlik+base%3A+U.S.&rft.date=2015-07-23&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2015%2F07%2F23%2Fus-mideast-crisis-usa-airbase-idUSKCN0PX2B520150723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-819"><a href="#cite_ref-819">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Schmitt, Eric (26 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/27/us/us-adds-air-power-but-isis-presents-elusive-target.html">"U.S. Adds Planes to Bolster Drive to Wipe Out ISIS"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Adds+Planes+to+Bolster+Drive+to+Wipe+Out+ISIS&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F27%2Fus%2Fus-adds-air-power-but-isis-presents-elusive-target.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-820"><a href="#cite_ref-820">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2852247/A-10-Warthogs-Reaper-drones-called-blast-ISIS-skies-U-S-Air-Force-s-feared-ground-attack-planes-strike-militant-targets-days.html">"US Air Force's A-10 Warthogs and Reaper drones to blast ISIS from the skies"</a>. Daily Mail. 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Diakses tanggal 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=John+Key%3A+Kiwi+forces+will+help+train+Iraqis+fight+ISIS&rft.date=2014-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D11353573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-822"><a href="#cite_ref-822">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119055307/http://www.alsharqiya.com/?p=154529">"نيوزيلندا تنضم الى التحالف ضد جهاديي تنظيم الدولة الاسلامية في العراق"</a> [New Zealand join the coalition against state regulation of Islamic jihadists in Iraq] (dalam bahasa Arabic). al Sharqiya. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alsharqiya.com/?p=154529">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-01-19. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81+%D8%B6%D8%AF+%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&rft.pub=al+Sharqiya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alsharqiya.com%2F%3Fp%3D154529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-823"><a href="#cite_ref-823">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabic.rt.com/news/775048-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A/">"نيوزيلاندا تشارك في تدريب الجيش العراقي"</a> [New Zealand is involved in training the Iraqi Army]. RT Arabic (dalam bahasa Arabic). 24 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+Arabic&rft.atitle=%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farabic.rt.com%2Fnews%2F775048-%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584-%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B4-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-824"><a href="#cite_ref-824">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Xue, Jianyue (3 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/singapore-join-fight-against-isis">"Singapore to join fight against ISIS"</a>. Today. MediaCorp Press Ltd. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=Singapore+to+join+fight+against+ISIS&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=Jianyue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonline.com%2Fsingapore%2Fsingapore-join-fight-against-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Besar_Likmeta-825"><a href="#cite_ref-Besar_Likmeta_825-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Likmeta, Besar (27 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albania-starts-delivery-of-weapons-to-iraqi-kurds">"Albania Starts Shifting Weapons to Iraqi Kurds"</a>. Balkan Insight.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balkan+Insight&rft.atitle=Albania+Starts+Shifting+Weapons+to+Iraqi+Kurds&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft.aulast=Likmeta&rft.aufirst=Besar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balkaninsight.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Falbania-starts-delivery-of-weapons-to-iraqi-kurds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-826"><a href="#cite_ref-826">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Petrova, Elitsa (20 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dnes.dir.bg/news/armia-%D0%92elizar-%D0%A8alamanov-17428509?nt=4">"До 2020 година 1.8 млрд. лв. ще бъдат вложени в армията"</a> [By 2020 1.8 billion Lev will be invested in the army] (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). Dir.bg. Diakses tanggal 20 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%BE+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+1.8+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%80%D0%B4.+%D0%BB%D0%B2.+%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.pub=Dir.bg&rft.date=2014-09-20&rft.aulast=Petrova&rft.aufirst=Elitsa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdnes.dir.bg%2Fnews%2Farmia-%25D0%2592elizar-%25D0%25A8alamanov-17428509%3Fnt%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-827"><a href="#cite_ref-827">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413041814/http://www.jutarnji.hr/hrvatska-u-borbi-protiv-islamista-na-zahtjev-sad-a-saljemo-oruzje-za-iracku-vojsku/1214692/">"Hrvatska u borbi protiv islamista: Na zahtjev SAD-a šaljemo oružje za iračku vojsku"</a> [Croatia in the fight against the Islamists : At the request of the United States and sending weapons to the Iraqi army]. 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Diakses tanggal 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Minister+Tuomioja+goes+to+the+international+Counter-ISIL+Coalition+meeting+in+Brussels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finlandia.org.pt%2Fpublic%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fcontentid%3D316955%26nodeid%3D40738%26contentlan%3D17%26culture%3Dpt-PT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-832"><a href="#cite_ref-832">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Dehghanpisheh, Babak (3 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713102110/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/08/03/iraq-security-iran-idINL6N0Q73ZU20140803">"Iran's elite Guards fighting in Iraq to push back Islamic State"</a>. Reuters. 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"One of the Islamic State's senior commanders reveals details of the terror group's origins inside an Iraqi prison." <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graeme_C.A._Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graeme C.A. Wood (halaman belum tersedia)">Wood, Graeme</a> (March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2015/02/what-isis-really-wants/384980/">What ISIS Really Wants</a>. "The Islamic State is no mere collection of psychopaths. It is a religious group with carefully considered beliefs, among them that it is a key agent of the coming apocalypse. Here's what that means for its strategy—and for how to stop it." <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;">Cari tahu mengenai Negara Islam Irak dan Syam pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Cari di Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Berita</a> dari Wikinews </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://understandingwar.org/iraq-blog">"Iraq updates"</a>, Understanding war (<a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> log), Institute for the Study of War</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iraq+updates&rft.btitle=Understanding+war&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funderstandingwar.org%2Firaq-blog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egiuliani.wordpress.com/2013/09/21/war-in-iraq/">"The New War in Iraq ISIL Overview"</a>, Midwest Diplomacy, 21 September 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Midwest+Diplomacy&rft.atitle=The+New+War+in+Iraq+ISIL+Overview&rft.date=2013-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegiuliani.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F09%2F21%2Fwar-in-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630020003/http://myreader.toile-libre.org/uploads/My_53b039f00cb03.pdf">This Is the Promise of Allah</a> (PDF) (declaration), The Islamic State, 29 June 2014, diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myreader.toile-libre.org/uploads/My_53b039f00cb03.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2014-06-30, diakses tanggal 2014-07-31</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Is+the+Promise+of+Allah&rft.pub=The+Islamic+State&rft.date=2014-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyreader.toile-libre.org%2Fuploads%2FMy_53b039f00cb03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+Islam+Irak+dan+Syam" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series) (halaman belum tersedia)">Frontline</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2365297690/">Losing Iraq</a> (July 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2365356572/">The Rise of ISIS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906175013/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365356572/">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-09-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (October 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2365496883/">Obama at War</a> (May 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2365527957/">Escaping ISIS</a> (July 2015), documentaries by <a href="/wiki/PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS">PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vice.com/video/islamic-state-full-length">The Islamic State - Full Length</a>, documentary by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vice_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vice News (halaman belum tersedia)">Vice News</a> (August 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/Data/articles/Art_20733/101_14_Ef_1329270214.pdf">"ISIS: Portrait of a Jihadi Terrorist Organization"</a> – Report by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_and_Terrorism_Information_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center (halaman belum tersedia)">Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chechensinsyria.com/">From Chechnya To Syria</a> & Analysis of Russian-speaking Foreign Fighters in Syria</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/home/features/2014/0814_iraq/Airstrikes6.html">Operation Inherent Resolve airstrike updates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agathocledesyracuse.com/">ISIL frontline maps (Iraq and Syria)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119012418/http://www.agathocledesyracuse.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-11-19 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jihadology.net/category/the-islamic-state/">The Islamic State – Jihadology</a> Research project by Aaron Zelin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2015/august/isil-and-antiquities-trafficking/">ISIL and Antiquities Trafficking - FBI Warns Dealers, Collectors About Terrorist Loot</a>, <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a></li> <li>(Indonesia) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52arVwQiIKg&">Penjelasan Tentang Sejarah, Realita dan Sepak Terjang ISIS</a></li> <li>(Indonesia) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lipsus.kompas.com/topikpilihanlist/3138/1/negara.islam.irak.dan.suriah.isis.">Liputan Khusus KOMPAS atau Topik Pilihan tentang Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah (ISIS)</a></li> <li>(Indonesia) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tempo.co/topik/lembaga/1394/Milisi-Negara-Islam-Irak-dan-Suriah-ISIS-ISIL">Topik Pilihan TEMPO tentang Milisi Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah | ISIS | ISIL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717022051/http://www.tempo.co/topik/lembaga/1394/Milisi-Negara-Islam-Irak-dan-Suriah-ISIS-ISIL">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-07-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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(halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Yusaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Yusaf (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Yusaf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Shekau" title="Abubakar Shekau">Abubakar Shekau</a> (Boko Haram)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mantan petinggi ( <a href="/wiki/Gugur_dalam_tugas" title="Gugur dalam tugas">†</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haji_Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haji Bakr (halaman belum tersedia)">Haji Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ayman_al-Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ayman al-Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Ayman al-Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ahmad al-Alwani (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Ahmad al-Alwani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sayyaf_(ISIL)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sayyaf (ISIL) (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rauf_Aliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza (halaman belum tersedia)">Abdul Rauf Aliza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rauf_(gubernur_Taliban)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rauf (gubernur Taliban) (halaman belum tersedia)">Abdul Rauf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ala_al-Afri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ala al-Afri (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Alaa al-Afri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tariq_bin_al-Tahar_bin_al-Falih_al-%27Awni_al-Harzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tariq bin al-Tahar bin al-Falih al-'Awni al-Harzi (halaman belum tersedia)">Tariq bin al-Tahar bin al-Falih al-'Awni al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadi_John" title="Jihadi John">Mohammed Emwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sejarah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (halaman belum tersedia)">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzim_Qaidat_al-Jihad_fi_Bilad_al-Rafidayn" title="Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn">Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn</a> (2004–06)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Syura_Mujahidin_(Irak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Syura Mujahidin (Irak) (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Syura Mujahidin</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Islam Irak</a> (2006–13)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_(2013–14)">Negara Islam Irak dan Syam</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Negara_Islam_(2014–sekarang)">Negara Islam</a> (Juni 2014–sekarang)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_peristiwa_terkait_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu peristiwa terkait NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_peristiwa_terkait_NIIS_(2013)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu peristiwa terkait NIIS (2013) (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu peristiwa terkait NIIS (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_peristiwa_terkait_NIIS_(2014)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu peristiwa terkait NIIS (2014) (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu peristiwa terkait NIIS (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_peristiwa_terkait_NIIS_(2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu peristiwa terkait NIIS (2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu peristiwa terkait NIIS (2015)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaim_wilayah_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaim wilayah NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Cabang internasional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_di_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam di Libya (halaman belum tersedia)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Khorasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Khorasan (halaman belum tersedia)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Sinai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Sinai (halaman belum tersedia)">Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam_%E2%80%93_Provinsi_Kaukasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Islam Irak dan Syam – Provinsi Kaukasus (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaukasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Afrika Barat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jund_al-Khilafah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jund al-Khilafah (halaman belum tersedia)">Aljazair</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Provinsi_Yaman">Yaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_perang_dan_pertempuran_melibatkan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar perang dan pertempuran melibatkan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang dan pertempuran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Melawan_Teror" title="Perang Melawan Teror">Perang Melawan Teror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Irak" title="Perang Irak">Perang Irak (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Irak_(2003%E2%80%9311)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Irak (2003–11) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan Irak (2003–11)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekerasan_sektarian_di_Irak_(2006%E2%80%9307)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekerasan sektarian di Irak (2006–07) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekerasan sektarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Irak_(2011%E2%80%9314)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Irak (2011–14) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan Irak (2011–14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Suriah" title="Perang Saudara Suriah">Perang Saudara Suriah</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumpahan_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumpahan Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">tumpahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Irak_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)">tumpahan Perang Saudara Suriah di Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumpahan_Perang_Saudara_di_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumpahan Perang Saudara di Lebanon (halaman belum tersedia)">Tumpahan Perang Saudara di Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konflik_antar-pemberontakan_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konflik antar-pemberontakan pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Konflik antar-pemberontakan pada Perang Saudara Suriah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Sinai" title="Pemberontakan Sinai">Pemberontakan Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Libya_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Saudara Libya (2014–sekarang)">Perang Saudara Libya Kedua</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_udara_Mesir_di_Libya_Februari_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan udara Mesir di Libya Februari 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi militer Mesir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_di_Pakistan_Barat_Laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang di Pakistan Barat Laut (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang di Pakistan Barat Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_di_Afghanistan_(2015%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang di Afghanistan (2015–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang di Afghanistan (2015–sekarang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konflik_Moro" title="Konflik Moro">Pemberontakan Moro di Filipina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_al-Qaeda_di_Yaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan al-Qaeda di Yaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan al-Qaeda di Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Yaman_(2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Saudara Yaman (2015)">Perang Saudara Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Boko_Haram" title="Pemberontakan Boko Haram">Pemberontakan Boko Haram</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Boko_Haram_di_Kamerun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Boko Haram di Kamerun (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan Boko Haram di Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Niger_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Niger 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Niger 2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penaklukan_Mosul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penaklukan Mosul (halaman belum tersedia)">Penaklukan Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampanye_Salahuddin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampanye Salahuddin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kampanye Salahuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Tikrit_ke-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Tikrit ke-1 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Tikrit ke-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengepungan_Koban%C3%AE" title="Pengepungan Kobanî">Pengepungan Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Sinjar" title="Pembantaian Sinjar">Pembantaian Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampanye_Derna_(2014%E2%80%9315)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampanye Derna (2014–15) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kampanye Derna (2014–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Baiji_(Oktober%E2%80%93December_2014)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Baiji (Oktober–December 2014) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Baiji (Oktober–December 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%9315)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Ramadi (2014–15) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Ramadi (2014–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Deir_ez-Zor_(Desember_2014)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Deir ez-Zor (Desember 2014) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Deir ez-Zor (Desember 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%9315)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Baiji (2014–15) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Baiji (2014–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Sinjar_Desember_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Sinjar Desember 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Sinjar (Desember 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penaklukan_Nofaliya_(2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penaklukan Nofaliya (2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Penaklukan Nofaliya (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Al-Hasakah_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Al-Hasakah Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Al-Hasakah Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Tikrit_ke-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Tikrit ke-2 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Tikrit ke-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Sirte_(2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Sirte (2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Sirte (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Hama_dan_Homs_(Maret%E2%80%93April_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Hama dan Homs (Maret–April 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Hama dan Homs (Maret–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Sarrin_(Maret%E2%80%93April_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Sarrin (Maret–April 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Sarrin (Maret–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Kamp_Yarmouk_(2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Kamp Yarmouk (2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Kamp Yarmouk (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Al-Karmah_(2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Al-Karmah (2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Anbar (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Qalamoun_(Mei%E2%80%93Juni_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Qalamoun (Mei–Juni 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Qalamoun (Mei–Juni 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Tadmus_(Mei_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Tadmus (Mei 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Tadmus (Mei 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Al-Hasakah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Al-Hasakah (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Al-Hasakah_(Mei%E2%80%93Juni_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Al-Hasakah (Mei–Juni 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Al-Hasakah (Mei–Juni 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Tell_Abyad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Tell Abyad (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Tell Abyad (Mei–Juli 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Sarrin_(Juni%E2%80%93Juli_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Sarrin (Juni–Juli 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Sarrin (Juni–Juli 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Al-Hasakah_(Juni%E2%80%93Agustus_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Al-Hasakah (Juni–Agustus 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Al-Hasakah (Juni–Agustus 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Koban%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Kobanî (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembantaian Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Tadmur_(Juli%E2%80%93Agustus_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Tadmur (Juli–Agustus 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Tadmur (Juli–Agustus 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Al-Qaryatayn_(Agustus_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Al-Qaryatayn (Agustus 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Al-Qaryatayn (Agustus 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Al-Hawl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Al-Hawl (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serangan_Sinjar_November_2015" title="Serangan Sinjar November 2015">Serangan Sinjar (November 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hasakah_Selatan_(2015%E2%80%9316)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hasakah Selatan (2015–16) (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Hasakah Selatan (2015–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Dataran_Nineveh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Dataran Nineveh (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Dataran Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Bendungan_Tishrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Bendungan Tishrin (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Bendungan Tishrin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_militer_melawan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi militer melawan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi militer melawan NIIS</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_pimpinan_Amerika_Serikat_Irak_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat Irak (2014–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi di Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_pimpinan_Amerika_Serikat_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi di Suriah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_militer_Amerika_Serikat_di_Kamerun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi militer Amerika Serikat di Kamerun (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi militer Amerika Serikat di Kamerun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_insiden_teroris_terkait_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar insiden teroris terkait NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Hari_Natal_Irak_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Hari Natal Irak 2013 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman Hari Natal Irak 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penembakan_Museum_Yahudi_Belgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penembakan Museum Yahudi Belgia (halaman belum tersedia)">Penembakan Museum Yahudi Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_penabrakan_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan penabrakan Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan penabrakan Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penembakan_di_Parliament_Hill,_Ottawa_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penembakan di Parliament Hill, Ottawa 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Penembakan di Parliament Hill, Ottawa 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisis_penyanderaan_Sydney_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisis penyanderaan Sydney 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">Krisis penyanderaan Sydney 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengepungan_Porte_de_Vincennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengepungan Porte de Vincennes (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengepungan Porte de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penculikan_dan_pemenggalan_penganut_Koptik_di_Libya_2015" title="Penculikan dan pemenggalan penganut Koptik di Libya 2015">Penculikan dan pemenggalan penganut Koptik di Libya 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Corinthia_Hotel_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Corinthia Hotel 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Corinthia Hotel 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Al_Qubbah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Al Qubbah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman Al Qubbah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Museum_Nasional_Bardo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Museum Nasional Bardo (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Museum Nasional Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_masjid_Sana%27a_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman masjid Sana'a 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman masjid Sana'a 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_bunuh_diri_Jalalabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman bunuh diri Jalalabad (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman bunuh diri Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_masjid_Qatif_dan_Dammam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman masjid Qatif dan Dammam (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman masjid Qatif dan Dammam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Ramadan_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Ramadan 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Ramadan 2015</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Koban%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Kobanî (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembantaian Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serangan_Saint-Quentin-Fallavier" title="Serangan Saint-Quentin-Fallavier">Serangan Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengeboman_masjid_Kuwait_2015" title="Pengeboman masjid Kuwait 2015">Pengeboman masjid Kuwait 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serangan_Sousse_2015" title="Serangan Sousse 2015">Serangan Sousse 2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Suru%C3%A7_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Suruç 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman Suruç 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Khan_Bani_Saad_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Khan Bani Saad 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman Khan Bani Saad 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_truk_pasar_Baghdad_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman truk pasar Baghdad 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman truk pasar Baghdad 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengeboman_Ankara_2015" title="Pengeboman Ankara 2015">Pengeboman Ankara 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Penerbangan_9268" title="Metrojet Penerbangan 9268">Metrojet Penerbangan 9268</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Beirut_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Beirut 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman Beirut 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serangan_Paris_November_2015" title="Serangan Paris November 2015">Serangan Paris November 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Tunis_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Tunis 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman Tunis 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_al-Qamishli_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman al-Qamishli 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengeboman al-Qamishli 2015</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keuangan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keuangan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Keuangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologi_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideologi Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Ideologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak_asasi_manusia_di_wilayah_kekuasaan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak asasi manusia di wilayah kekuasaan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Hak asasi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penindasan_umat_Kristen_oleh_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penindasan umat Kristen oleh NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Penindasan umat Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penindasan_umat_Yazidi_oleh_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penindasan umat Yazidi oleh NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Penindasan umat Yazidi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembunuhan_tahanan_oleh_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembunuhan tahanan oleh NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembunuhan tahanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insiden_pemenggalan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insiden pemenggalan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Insiden pemenggalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penghancuran_warisan_budaya_oleh_NIIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghancuran warisan budaya oleh NIIS">Penghancuran warisan budaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Budaya masyarakat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran_dan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iran dan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citra_NIIS_di_media_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citra NIIS di media Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britania_Raya_dan_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britania Raya dan NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Britania Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_nama_akibat_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perubahan nama akibat Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Perubahan nama akibat NIIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masyarakat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_anggota_Negara_Islam_Irak_dan_Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar anggota Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (halaman belum tersedia)">Anggota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaim_wilayah_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaim wilayah NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Klaim wilayah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembagian_administratif_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembagian administratif NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembagian administratif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topik terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan">Kekhalifahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Islamisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekerasan_seksual_dalam_pemberontakan_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekerasan seksual dalam pemberontakan Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekerasan seksual dalam pemberontakan Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbudakan_dalam_Islamisme_abad_ke-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbudakan dalam Islamisme abad ke-21 (halaman belum tersedia)">Perbudakan dalam Islamisme abad ke-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Sunni%E2%80%93Syiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Sunni–Syiah">Hubungan Sunni–Syiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teokrasi" title="Teokrasi">Teokrasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intervensi_militer_terhadap_NIIS" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Intervensi_militer_terhadap_NIIS" title="Templat:Intervensi militer terhadap NIIS"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Intervensi_militer_terhadap_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Intervensi militer terhadap NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Intervensi_militer_terhadap_NIIS&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Intervensi_militer_terhadap_NIIS" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_militer_terhadap_NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi militer terhadap NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi militer</a> terhadap <a class="mw-selflink selflink">NIIS</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operasi di Irak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_Iran_di_Irak_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi Iran di Irak (2014–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi pimpinan Iran di Irak</a> (13 Juni 2014 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_pimpinan_Amerika_Serikat_di_Irak_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat di Irak (2014–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat di Irak</a> (15 Juni 2014 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Shader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Shader (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Britania Raya di Irak</a> (9 Agustus 2014 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Okra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Okra (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Australia di Irak</a> (31 Agustus 2014 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Impact (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Kanada di Irak</a> (4 September 2014 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opération Chammal (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Prancis di Irak</a> (19 September 2014 – sekarang) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konflik_Turki%E2%80%93NIIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konflik Turki–NIIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Konflik Turki–NIIS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_udara_Mesir_di_Libya_Februari_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan udara Mesir di Libya Februari 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan udara Mesir di Libya</a> (16 Februari 2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operasi di Suriah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keterlibatan_Iran_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keterlibatan Iran pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi pimpinan Iran di Suriah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misi_penyelamatan_Amerika_Serikat_di_Suriah_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misi penyelamatan Amerika Serikat di Suriah 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">Misi penyelamatan Amerika Serikat</a> (4 Juli 2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_pimpinan_Amerika_Serikat_di_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat di Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi pimpinan Amerika Serikat di Suriah</a> (22 September 2014 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_Yordania_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi Yordania pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Yordania di Suriah</a> (22 September 2014 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keterlibatan_Turki_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keterlibatan Turki pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Keterlibatan Turki di Suriah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intervensi_militer_Rusia_pada_Perang_Saudara_Suriah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intervensi militer Rusia pada Perang Saudara Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Rusia di Suriah</a> (30 September 2015 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opération Chammal (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Prancis di Suriah</a> (November 2015 – sekarang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Shader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Shader (halaman belum tersedia)">Intervensi Britania Raya di Suriah</a> (2 Desember 2015 - sekarang)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pertempuran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serangan_Irak_Utara_(Juni_2014)" title="Serangan Irak Utara (Juni 2014)">Serangan Irak Utara (Juni 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Tikrit_Pertama" title="Pertempuran Tikrit Pertama">Pertempuran Tikrit Pertama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Irak_(Agustus_2014)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Irak (Agustus 2014) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Irak (Agustus 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Bendungan_Mosul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Bendungan Mosul (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Bendungan Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Zumar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Zumar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Sinjar" title="Pembantaian Sinjar">Pembantaian Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengepungan_Amirli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengepungan Amirli (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengepungan Amirli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengepungan_Koban%C3%AE" title="Pengepungan Kobanî">Pengepungan Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Suq_al_Ghazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Suq al Ghazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Suq al Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampanye_Salahuddin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampanye Salahuddin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kampanye Salahuddin (2014–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Baiji_(Oktober%E2%80%93November_2014)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Baiji (Oktober–November 2014) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Baiji (Oktober–November 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%9315)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Ramadi (2014–15) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Ramadi (2014–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%9315)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Baiji (2014–15) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Baiji (2014–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Sinjar_Desember_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Sinjar Desember 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Sinjar Desember 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampanye_Derna_(2014%E2%80%9315)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampanye Derna (2014–15) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kampanye Derna (2014–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Al-Hasakah_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Al-Hasakah Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Al-Hasakah Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Tikrit_Kedua" title="Pertempuran Tikrit Kedua">Pertempuran Tikrit Kedua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Sarrin_(Maret%E2%80%93April_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Sarrin (Maret–April 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Sarrin (Maret–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Anbar_(2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Anbar (2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Anbar (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_tadmur_(Mei_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan tadmur (Mei 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan tadmur (Mei 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Al-Hasakah_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Al-Hasakah Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Al-Hasakah Barat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Al-Hasakah_(Mei%E2%80%93Juni_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Al-Hasakah (Mei–Juni 2015) (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Al-Hasakah (Mei–Juni 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tell_Abyad_offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tell Abyad offensive (halaman belum tersedia)">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Sarrin_(Juni%E2%80%93Juli_2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Irak_(2014%E2%80%93sekarang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)">Perang Saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Suriah" title="Perang Saudara Suriah">Perang Saudara Suriah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamisme" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #000000; color:white;background: #000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar 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class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Berkas:IslamSymbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Islamisme"><img alt="Islamisme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/100px-IslamSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/150px-IslamSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/200px-IslamSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="213" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000; color:white;width:1%">Firqah dan Ideologi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahlul_Hadits" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahlul Hadits">Ahlul Hadits</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Wahhabisme" title="Wahhabisme">Wahhabisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000; color:white;width:1%">Organisasi dan Partai politik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Asalah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Asalah (halaman belum tersedia)">Al Asalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbut_Tahrir" title="Hizbut Tahrir">Hizbut Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_e_Islami" title="Jamaat e Islami">Jamaat e Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhwanul_Muslimin" title="Ikhwanul Muslimin">Ikhwanul Muslimin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongres_Nasional_(Sudan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongres Nasional (Sudan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kongres Nasional (Sudan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">Parti Islam Se-Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kebangsaan_Melayu_Bersatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu">Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Wefaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Wefaq (halaman belum tersedia)">Al Wefaq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partai_Kebangkitan_Islam_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partai Kebangkitan Islam Tajikistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai Kebangkitan Islam Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partai_Kesejahteraan" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Kesejahteraan">Partai Kesejahteraan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIS" title="FIS">Islamic Salvation Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000; color:white;width:1%"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Pemikir dan Tokoh Politik</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ata_Abu_Rashta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ata Abu Rashta (halaman belum tersedia)">Ata Abu Rashta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haji_Shariatullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haji Shariatullah (halaman belum tersedia)">Haji Shariatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaluddin_al-Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaluddin al-Afghani">Jamaluddin al-Afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Ala_Maududi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Ala Maududi">Abul Ala Maududi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taqiuddin_al-Nabhani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taqiuddin al-Nabhani (halaman belum tersedia)">Taqiuddin al-Nabhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Banna" title="Hasan al-Banna">Hasan al-Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Al-Turabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Al-Turabi">Hassan Al-Turabi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safwat_al-Shwadify&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safwat al-Shwadify (halaman belum tersedia)">Safwat al-Shwadify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Abdul_Wahhab" title="Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab">Muhammad bin Abdul 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