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searchaux" style="display:none">American economist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">David H. Romer</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1958-03-13</span>) </span>March 13, 1958<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 66)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or<br />tradition</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New Keynesian economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral<br />advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Fischer" title="Stanley Fischer">Stanley Fischer</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/f/pro406.html">Information</a> at <a href="/wiki/Research_Papers_in_Economics" title="Research Papers in Economics">IDEAS / RePEc</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David Hibbard Romer</b> (born March 13, 1958) is an American economist, the Herman Royer Professor of <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political Economy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, and the author of a standard textbook in graduate <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomics</a> as well as many influential economic papers, particularly in the area of <a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New Keynesian economics</a>. He is also the husband and close collaborator of <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a> former Chairwoman <a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_career">Education and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Romer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating from Amherst Regional High School in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1976, he obtained his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in economics from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1980 and graduated as the <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> of his class. Romer completed a 138-page long senior thesis "A Study of the Effects of Population on Development, with Applications to Japan."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romer worked as a Junior Staff Economist at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a> from 1980 to 1981 before beginning his <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, which he completed in 1985. A reduced version of his undergraduate thesis research was published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Review_of_Economics_and_Statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Review of Economics and Statistics">Review of Economics and Statistics</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon completion of his doctorate, he started working as an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_professor" title="Assistant professor">assistant professor</a> at Princeton University. In 1988 he moved to <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> and was promoted to full professor in 1993. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Romer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romer's early research made him one of the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New Keynesian economics</a>. Specifically, an influential paper with <a href="/wiki/Laurence_M._Ball" title="Laurence M. Ball">Laurence M. Ball</a>, published in 1989, established that real rigidities (that is, stickiness in relative prices) can exacerbate nominal rigidities (that is, stickiness in nominal prices).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romer's most widely cited paper is "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," coauthored with <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Mankiw" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Mankiw">Gregory Mankiw</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_N._Weil" title="David N. Weil">David N. Weil</a> and published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarterly Journal of Economics">Quarterly Journal of Economics</a></i> in 1992. The paper argues that the <a href="/wiki/Solow-Swan_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Solow-Swan model">Solow growth model</a>, once augmented to include a role for human capital, does a reasonably good job of explaining international differences in standards of living. According to <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a>, it has been cited more than 20,000 times, making it one of the most cited articles in the field of economics. </p><p>In more recent work, Romer has worked with Christina Romer on fiscal and <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">monetary policy</a> from the 1950s to the present, using notes from the meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Open_Market_Committee" title="Federal Open Market Committee">Federal Open Market Committee</a> (FOMC) and the materials prepared by Fed staff to study how the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> makes its decisions. His work suggests that some of the credit for the relatively stable economic growth in the 1950s should lie with good policy made by the Federal Reserve,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the members of the FOMC could at times have made better decisions by relying more closely on forecasts made by the Fed professional staff.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most recently, the Romers have focused on the impact of tax policy on government and general economic growth. This work looks at the historical record of US tax changes from 1945–2007, excluding "endogenous" tax changes made to fight recessions or offset the cost of new government spending. It finds that such "exogenous" tax increases, made for example to reduce inherited budget deficits, reduce economic growth (though by smaller amounts after 1980 than before).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romer and Romer also find "no support for the hypothesis that tax cuts restrain government spending; indeed ... tax cuts may increase spending. The results also indicate that the main effect of tax cuts on the government budget is to induce subsequent legislated tax increases."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romer has also written papers on some unusual subjects for a macroeconomist, such as “Do Students Go to Class? Should They?”,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and “Do Firms Maximize? Evidence from Professional Football.”<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Romer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romer is a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a> Executive Committee, the recipient of an <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Alfred P. Sloan</a> Foundation Research Fellowship, a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, and a three-time recipient of Berkeley's Graduate Economic Association's distinguished teaching and advising awards. Professor Romer is co-director of the Program in Monetary Economics at the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a>, and is a member of the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romer is the author of "Advanced Macroeconomics," a standard graduate macroeconomics text, now in its 5th edition.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an editor of the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity" title="Brookings Papers on Economic Activity">Brookings Papers on Economic Activity</a> from 2009 to Fall 2015 and, according to a January 2022 AEA announcement, will become the lead editor of the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Economic_Literature" title="Journal of Economic Literature">Journal of Economic Literature</a> beginning July 2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Romer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romer is married to <a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a>, who was his classmate at MIT and is his colleague in the Economics Department at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>. They have adjoining offices in the department,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and collaborate on much of their research.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple has three children together. </p><p>Romer has two brothers, Evan and Ted Romer. <a href="/wiki/Greg_Mankiw" title="Greg Mankiw">Greg Mankiw</a> served as best man at their wedding (Romer served as best man at Mankiw's wedding).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Romer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Romer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRomer1996" class="citation book cs1">Romer, David (1996). <i>Advanced Macroeconomics</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Macroeconomics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Romer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.mit.edu/F/JA5KSJ22C34NAKCHB7T549S1MTF1VDVVHHUQNM6F4QDM4A3YM4-03018?func=find-acc&acc_sequence=000767443">General equilibrium analysis of government financial policies</a> mit.edu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/dsp015t34sk49q">"A Study of the Effects of Population on Development, with Applications to Japan"</a>. <i>Princeton University Library Catalog</i>. 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Senior thesis</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Princeton+University+Library+Catalog&rft.atitle=A+Study+of+the+Effects+of+Population+on+Development%2C+with+Applications+to+Japan&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.princeton.edu%2Fcatalog%2Fdsp015t34sk49q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomer1981" class="citation journal cs1">Romer, David (1981). "Rosen and Quandt's Disequilibrium Model of the Labor Market: A Revision". <i>Review of Economics and Statistics</i>. <b>63</b> (1): 145–146. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1924231">10.2307/1924231</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1924231">1924231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Economics+and+Statistics&rft.atitle=Rosen+and+Quandt%27s+Disequilibrium+Model+of+the+Labor+Market%3A+A+Revision&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=145-146&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1924231&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1924231%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallRomer1990" class="citation journal cs1">Ball, Laurence; Romer, David (1990). "Real Rigidities and the Non-Neutrality of Money". <i>The Review of Economic Studies</i>. <b>57</b> (2): 183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2297377">10.2307/2297377</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297377">2297377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Real+Rigidities+and+the+Non-Neutrality+of+Money&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=183&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2297377&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2297377%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft.au=Romer%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomerRomer2002" class="citation journal cs1">Romer, Christina D; Romer, David H (2002). "A Rehabilitation of Monetary Policy in the 1950s". <i>American Economic Review</i>. <b>92</b> (2): 121–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2F000282802320189113">10.1257/000282802320189113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=A+Rehabilitation+of+Monetary+Policy+in+the+1950s&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=121-127&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2F000282802320189113&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=Christina+D&rft.au=Romer%2C+David+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomerRomer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Romer, Christina D; Romer, David H (2008). "The FOMC versus the Staff: Where Can Monetary Policymakers Add Value?". <i>American Economic Review</i>. <b>98</b> (2): 230–235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Faer.98.2.230">10.1257/aer.98.2.230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=The+FOMC+versus+the+Staff%3A+Where+Can+Monetary+Policymakers+Add+Value%3F&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=230-235&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Faer.98.2.230&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=Christina+D&rft.au=Romer%2C+David+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202234611/http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/cromer/draft1108.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femlab.berkeley.edu%2Fusers%2Fcromer%2Fdraft1108.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927044900/http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/cromer/draft708.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/cromer/draft708.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femlab.berkeley.edu%2Fusers%2Fcromer%2Fdraft708.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econ.berkeley.edu/~dromer/cv.pdf">"David Romer CV"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>econ.berkeley.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=econ.berkeley.edu&rft.atitle=David+Romer+CV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econ.berkeley.edu%2F~dromer%2Fcv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Garber" class="citation news cs1">Greg Garber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static.espn.go.com/nfl/columns/garber_greg/1453717.html">"Fourth-down analysis met with skepticism"</a>. <i>ESPN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Fourth-down+analysis+met+with+skepticism&rft.au=Greg+Garber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.espn.go.com%2Fnfl%2Fcolumns%2Fgarber_greg%2F1453717.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nber.org/cycles/recessions.html">"The NBER's Recession Dating Procedure"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NBER%27s+Recession+Dating+Procedure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fcycles%2Frecessions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomer2018" class="citation book cs1">Romer, David (February 19, 2018). <i>Advanced Macroeconomics</i>. McGraw-Hill Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1260185218" title="Special:BookSources/978-1260185218"><bdi>978-1260185218</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Macroeconomics&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2018-02-19&rft.isbn=978-1260185218&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycal.org/article/7706/faculty_couples_keep_love_alive_at_work">"Faculty couples keep love alive at work"</a>. <i>dailycal.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dailycal.org&rft.atitle=Faculty+couples+keep+love+alive+at+work&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycal.org%2Farticle%2F7706%2Ffaculty_couples_keep_love_alive_at_work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215043622/http://ls.berkeley.edu/?q=node%2F832">"Berkeley Couple Tackle Top Fiscal Issues of the Day"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ls.berkeley.edu/?q=node/832">the original</a> on February 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berkeley+Couple+Tackle+Top+Fiscal+Issues+of+the+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fls.berkeley.edu%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMankiw2006" class="citation web cs1">Mankiw, Greg (May 30, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2006/05/is-lm-model.html">"The IS-LM Model"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+IS-LM+Model&rft.date=2006-05-30&rft.aulast=Mankiw&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgregmankiw.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F05%2Fis-lm-model.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Romer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerer2008" class="citation web cs1">Lerer, Lisa (November 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202042533/http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=DB330E77-18FE-70B2-A82A2598AB517004">"Who is Christina Romer?"</a>. Politico.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=DB330E77-18FE-70B2-A82A2598AB517004">the original</a> on December 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert Mundell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Melvin_Okun" title="Arthur Melvin Okun">Arthur Melvin Okun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Patinkin" title="Don Patinkin">Don Patinkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Phillips_(economist)" title="Bill Phillips (economist)">Bill Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Poole_(economist)" title="William Poole (economist)">William Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-Keynesians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Chick" title="Victoria Chick">Victoria Chick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Davidson_(economist)" title="Paul Davidson (economist)">Paul Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evsey_Domar" title="Evsey Domar">Evsey Domar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Galbraith" title="James K. Galbraith">James K. Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynne_Godley" title="Wynne Godley">Wynne Godley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_J._Gordon" title="Myron J. Gordon">Myron J. Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Harcourt" title="Geoffrey Harcourt">Geoff Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hudson_(economist)" title="Michael Hudson (economist)">Michael Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kahn,_Baron_Kahn" title="Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn">Richard Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kaldor" title="Nicholas Kaldor">Nicholas Kaldor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Kalecki" title="Michał Kalecki">Michał Kalecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Keen" title="Steve Keen">Steve Keen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kregel" title="Jan Kregel">Jan Kregel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lavoie" title="Marc Lavoie">Marc Lavoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_P._Lerner" title="Abba P. Lerner">Abba P. Lerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Minsky" title="Hyman Minsky">Hyman Minsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mitchell_(economist)" title="Bill Mitchell (economist)">Bill Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Moore" title="Basil Moore">Basil Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pressman_(economist)" title="Steven Pressman (economist)">Steven Pressman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Robinson" title="Joan Robinson">Joan Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._L._S._Shackle" title="G. L. S. Shackle">G. L. S. Shackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlina_R._Tcherneva" title="Pavlina R. Tcherneva">Pavlina R. Tcherneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Thirlwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Thirlwall">Anthony Thirlwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Weintraub_(economist_born_1914)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Weintraub (economist born 1914)">Sidney Weintraub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Randall_Wray" title="L. Randall Wray">L. Randall Wray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New Keynesians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Blanchard" title="Olivier Blanchard">Olivier Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Blinder" title="Alan Blinder">Alan Blinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Calvo" title="Guillermo Calvo">Guillermo Calvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clarida" title="Richard Clarida">Richard Clarida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bradford_DeLong" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Bradford DeLong">Brad DeLong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huw_Dixon" title="Huw Dixon">Huw Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Fischer" title="Stanley Fischer">Stanley Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordi_Gal%C3%AD" title="Jordi Galí">Jordi Galí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gertler_(economist)" title="Mark Gertler (economist)">Mark Gertler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Gordon" title="Robert J. Gordon">Robert J. Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephany_Griffith-Jones" title="Stephany Griffith-Jones">Stephany Griffith-Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobuhiro_Kiyotaki" title="Nobuhiro Kiyotaki">Nobuhiro Kiyotaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Mankiw" title="Greg Mankiw">Greg Mankiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Melitz" title="Marc Melitz">Marc Melitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Obstfeld" title="Maurice Obstfeld">Maurice Obstfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Reis" title="Ricardo Reis">Ricardo Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rogoff" title="Kenneth Rogoff">Kenneth Rogoff</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Romer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Rotemberg" title="Julio Rotemberg">Julio Rotemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert Shiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Shleifer" title="Andrei Shleifer">Andrei Shleifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Lawrence Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Taylor" title="John B. Taylor">John B. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Woodford_(economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Woodford (economist)">Michael Woodford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":20,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Keynesian_economics" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Keynesian_economics" title="Category:Keynesian economics">Keynesian economics</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176380#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176380#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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