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pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Nejlep%C5%A1%C3%AD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Přehled článků, které jsou považovány za nejlepší na české Wikipedii"><span>Nejlepší články</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:N%C3%A1hodn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Přejít na náhodně vybranou stránku [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Náhodný článek</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Posledn%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny" title="Seznam posledních změn na této wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Poslední změny</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Port%C3%A1l_Wikipedie" title="O projektu, jak můžete pomoci, kde hledat"><span>Komunitní portál</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pod_l%C3%ADpou" title="Hlavní diskusní fórum"><span>Pod lípou</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Wikipedie: Otevřená encyklopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cs.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Hled%C3%A1n%C3%AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hledání</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Hledat na Wikipedii" aria-label="Hledat na Wikipedii" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciální:Hledání"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hledat</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobní nástroje"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label 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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Přihlášení</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Další možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobní nástroje" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobní nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uživatelské menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs"><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Charakteristika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charakteristika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Charakteristika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charakteristika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evoluce_skupiny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evoluce_skupiny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evoluce skupiny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evoluce_skupiny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Placentálové</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 62 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6here_S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Höhere Säugetiere – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Höhere Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مشيميات – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشيميات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="پلاسينتاليا – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پلاسينتاليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasental%C4%B1lar" title="Plasentalılar – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Plasentalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Плаценталылар – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Плаценталылар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Плацэнтарныя – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плацэнтарныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Пляцэнтарныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пляцэнтарныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Плацентни – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плацентни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentni_sisari" title="Placentni sisari – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Placentni sisari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentaris" title="Placentaris – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Placentaris" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Плаценталлисем – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Плаценталлисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentale_pattedyr" title="Placentale pattedyr – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Placentale pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6here_S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Höhere Säugetiere – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Höhere Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentuloj" title="Placentuloj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Placentuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جفت‌داران – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جفت‌داران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istukkanis%C3%A4kk%C3%A4%C3%A4t" title="Istukkanisäkkäät – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Istukkanisäkkäät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huuger_Tetjdiarten" title="Huuger Tetjdiarten – fríština (severní)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Huuger Tetjdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fríština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentarios" title="Placentarios – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Placentarios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שלייניים – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שלייניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1i_sisavci" title="Viši sisavci – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viši sisavci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamif%C3%A8_plasent%C3%A8" title="Mamifè plasentè – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mamifè plasentè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9hlep%C3%A9nyesek" title="Méhlepényesek – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Méhlepényesek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ընկերքավորներ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընկերքավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentarios" title="Placentarios – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Placentarios" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%A4%E9%A1%9E" title="有胎盤類 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有胎盤類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ұрықжолдастылар – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұрықжолдастылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%83%9C%EB%B0%98%EB%A5%98" title="유태반류 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유태반류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guhandar%C3%AA_rast" title="Guhandarê rast – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guhandarê rast" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жогорку даражадагы айбандар – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жогорку даражадагы айбандар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasental" title="Plasental – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Plasental" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderkookbie%C3%ABster" title="Moderkookbieëster – limburština" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moderkookbieëster" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – ligurština" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placent%C4%81%C4%BCi" title="Placentāļi – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Placentāļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Вистински цицачи – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вистински цицачи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentadieren" title="Placentadieren – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Placentadieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentale_pattedyr" title="Placentale pattedyr – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Placentale pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentale_pattedyr" title="Placentale pattedyr – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Placentale pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biishch%CA%BCid_Dah%C3%B3l%C3%B3n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Biishchʼid Dahólónígíí – navažština" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biishchʼid Dahólónígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navažština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81o%C5%BCyskowce" title="Łożyskowce – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łożyskowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placent%C3%A1rios" title="Placentários – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Placentários" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Плацентарные – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плацентарные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – skotština" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1ji_sesalci" title="Višji sesalci – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Višji sesalci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalni_sisari" title="Placentalni sisari – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Placentalni sisari" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="doporučený článek"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6gre_d%C3%A4ggdjur" title="Högre däggdjur – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Högre däggdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eteneliler" title="Eteneliler – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eteneliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Плаценталылар – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Плаценталылар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Плацентарні – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плацентарні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%CA%BBldoshlilar" title="Yoʻldoshlilar – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoʻldoshlilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%98%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="胎盘动物 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胎盘动物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%A4%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="胎盤動物 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胎盤動物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25833#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&oldid=23259476" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&id=23259476&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlacent%25C3%25A1lov%25C3%25A9"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlacent%25C3%25A1lov%25C3%25A9"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Placentalia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikidruhy</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25833" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:277.2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:pink; line-height: 25px;"><sup style="float:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Jak_%C4%8D%C3%ADst_taxobox" title="Jak číst taxobox"><img alt="Jak číst taxobox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/18px-Information-silk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/27px-Information-silk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/36px-Information-silk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></sup>Placentálové</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Young_seal_at_beach_in_the_faroe_islands_(behind_rocks).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tuleň kuželozubý (Halichoerus grypus)"><img alt="alternativní popis obrázku chybí" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Young_seal_at_beach_in_the_faroe_islands_%28behind_rocks%29.JPG/258px-Young_seal_at_beach_in_the_faroe_islands_%28behind_rocks%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="258" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Young_seal_at_beach_in_the_faroe_islands_%28behind_rocks%29.JPG/387px-Young_seal_at_beach_in_the_faroe_islands_%28behind_rocks%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Young_seal_at_beach_in_the_faroe_islands_%28behind_rocks%29.JPG/516px-Young_seal_at_beach_in_the_faroe_islands_%28behind_rocks%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a></span><div><a href="/wiki/Tule%C5%88_ku%C5%BEelozub%C3%BD" title="Tuleň kuželozubý">Tuleň kuželozubý</a> (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Biologick%C3%A1_klasifikace" title="Biologická klasifikace">Vědecká klasifikace</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_(biologie)" title="Říše (biologie)">Říše</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Živočichové">živočichové</a> (Animalia)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kmen_(biologie)" title="Kmen (biologie)">Kmen</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Strunatci" title="Strunatci">strunatci</a> (Chordata)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADda_(biologie)" title="Třída (biologie)">Třída</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Savci" title="Savci">savci</a> (Mammalia)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADda_(biologie)" title="Třída (biologie)">Podtřída</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivorod%C3%AD" title="Živorodí">živorodí</a> (Theria)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nad%C5%99%C3%A1d" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadřád">Nadřád</a></th><td><b>placentálové</b> (Placentalia)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;">Owen, 1837</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:pink;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%A1d_(biologie)" title="Řád (biologie)">Řády</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chudozub%C3%AD" title="Chudozubí">chudozubí</a> (Xenarthra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letuchy" title="Letuchy">letuchy</a> (Dermoptera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tany" title="Tany">tany</a> (Scandentia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prim%C3%A1ti" title="Primáti">primáti</a> (Primates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlodavci" title="Hlodavci">hlodavci</a> (Rodentia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaj%C3%ADcovci" title="Zajícovci">zajícovci</a> (Lagomorpha)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmyzo%C5%BEravci" title="Hmyzožravci">hmyzožravci</a> (Eulipotyphla)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letouni" title="Letouni">letouni</a> (Chiroptera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luskouni" title="Luskouni">luskouni</a> (Pholidota)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0elmy" title="Šelmy">šelmy</a> (Carnivora)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichokopytn%C3%ADci" title="Lichokopytníci">lichokopytníci</a> (Perissodactyla)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudokopytn%C3%ADci" title="Sudokopytníci">sudokopytníci</a> (Artiodactyla)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kytovci" title="Kytovci">kytovci</a> (Cetacea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrosoricida" title="Afrosoricida">afrosoricida</a> (Afrosoricida)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9rcouni" title="Bércouni">bércouni</a> (Macroscelidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrab%C3%A1%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrabáč">hrabáči</a> (Tubulidentata)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damani" title="Damani">damani</a> (Hyracoidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chobotnatci" title="Chobotnatci">chobotnatci</a> (Proboscidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir%C3%A9ny" title="Sirény">sirény</a> (Sirenia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Sestersk%C3%A1_skupina" title="Sesterská skupina">Sesterská skupina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Va%C4%8Dnatci" title="Vačnatci">vačnatci</a> (Marsupialia)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25833" class="extiw" title="d:Q25833">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Placentálové</b> (Placentalia nebo Eutheria) jsou největší skupinou <a href="/wiki/Savci" title="Savci">savců</a>, patřících do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Podt%C5%99%C3%ADda_(biologie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podtřída (biologie) (stránka neexistuje)">podtřídy</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivorod%C3%AD" title="Živorodí">živorodých</a>. Termíny Placentalia a Eutheria jsou synonyma pouze pro <a href="/wiki/Recentn%C3%AD_organismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Recentní organismus">recentní</a> savce, obecně jsou však Eutheria širší skupinou, zahrnující vedle placentálů mnohé další vyhynulé linie.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakteristika">Charakteristika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Charakteristika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Charakteristika"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Většina žijících savců (včetně člověka) patří právě mezi placentální savce, zbylé dvě skupiny představuje nadřád <a href="/wiki/Va%C4%8Dnatci" title="Vačnatci">vačnatců</a> patřící rovněž k podtřídě živorodých, a řád <a href="/wiki/Ptako%C5%99itn%C3%AD" title="Ptakořitní">ptakořitních</a>, patřící do podtřídy <a href="/wiki/Vejcorod%C3%AD" title="Vejcorodí">vejcorodých</a>. V minulosti však existovaly ještě jiné, již vyhynulé skupiny savců. Hlavním znakem odlišujícím placentály od ostatních savců je výživa <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">plodu</a> pomocí <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenty</a> během <a href="/wiki/T%C4%9Bhotenstv%C3%AD" title="Těhotenství">těhotenství</a> v děloze (výjimkou jsou vačnatci <a href="/wiki/Bandikuti" title="Bandikuti">bandikuti</a>, kteří mají primitivní placentu). Placentu mají pouze samice. Díky placentě, přes kterou je plod v průběhu vývoje vyživován, je mládě v době porodu mnohem lépe vyvinuté než novorozené mládě vačnatců. Placentálové ovládli zemi na všech <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" title="Kontinent">kontinentech</a>, kromě <a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lie" title="Austrálie">Austrálie</a>, která se oddělila od ostatních kontinentů ještě před jejich rozšířením. </p><p><i>Eutheria</i> je <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> představený <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomasem Henrym Huxlym</a> v roce <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>, který obsahuje všechny placentální savce a nejbližší předchůdce placentálů (které známe pouze z <a href="/wiki/Fosilie" title="Fosilie">fosilních</a> záznamů). Jméno doslova znamená „pravé zvíře“. Nejbližšími žijícími příbuznými jsou <a href="/wiki/Va%C4%8Dnatci" title="Vačnatci">vačnatci</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evoluce_skupiny">Evoluce skupiny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Evoluce skupiny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Evoluce skupiny"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nejstarším známým druhem placentálního savce je nejspíš jurská <i><a href="/wiki/Juramaia" title="Juramaia">Juramaia</a> sinensis</i>, pocházející z vrstev starých 160 milionů let<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Déle známá je <i><a href="/wiki/Eomaia" title="Eomaia">Eomaia</a></i> (doslova „pradávná matka“) z období spodní <a href="/wiki/K%C5%99%C3%ADda" title="Křída">křídy</a>, tedy o stáří přibližně 125 miliónů let. Zkamenělina byla nalezena v usazeninách jednoho <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">čínského</a> jezera. Bezpochyby patří mezi placentály, nicméně její boky jsou příliš úzké na to, aby mohla porodit plně vyvinuté mládě. To naznačuje, že u tohoto druhu hrála placenta ve vývoji mláďat jen malou roli.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> K rapidnímu vývoji placentálů došlo zejména v době před 66 miliony let, po velkém <a href="/wiki/Vym%C3%ADr%C3%A1n%C3%AD_K-T" class="mw-redirect" title="Vymírání K-T">hromadném vymírání na konci křídy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fylogenomická data nicméně ukazují, že praví placentálové se patrně objevili až v křídové periodě, tedy před 145 až 66 miliony let.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Placentálové pravděpodobně žili již v době existence posledních dinosaurů, jak ukazují například některé objevy na území současné Indie.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicole M Foley, Victor C Mason, Andrew Harris, Kevin R Bredemeyer, Joana Damas, Harris A. Lewin, Eduardo Eizirik, John Gatesy, Zoonomia Consortium, Mark Springer & William J Murphy (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503388v1">A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution</a>. <i>bioRxiv</i> <b>2022.08.10.503388</b> (preprint). doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.10.503388">https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.10.503388</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esciencenews.com/sources/scientific.blogging/2011/08/24/juramaia.sinensis.160.million.year.old.fossil.pushes.back.mammal.evolution">Juramaia Sinensis - 160-Million-Year-Old Fossil Pushes Back Mammal Evolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327103924/http://esciencenews.com/sources/scientific.blogging/2011/08/24/juramaia.sinensis.160.million.year.old.fossil.pushes.back.mammal.evolution">Archivováno</a> 27. 3. 2012 na <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>e! Science News</i>, 24. srpna 2011 (anglicky)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pravek.info/fosilni-zivocichove/eomaia-scansoria-rana-matka-placentalu/">http://www.pravek.info/fosilni-zivocichove/eomaia-scansoria-rana-matka-placentalu/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew J. Phillips & Carmelo Fruciano (2018). The soft explosive model of placental mammal evolution. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i> <b>18</b>:104. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1218-x">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1218-x</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Craig S. Scott (2018). Horolodectidae: a new family of unusual eutherians (Mammalia: Theria) from the Palaeocene of Alberta, Canada. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, <b>zly040</b>. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly040">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly040</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandra Álvarez-Carretero, Asif U. Tamuri, Matteo Battini, Fabrícia F. Nascimento, Emily Carlisle, Robert J. Asher, Ziheng Yang, Philip C. J. Donoghue & Mario dos Reis (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04341-1">A Species-Level Timeline of Mammal Evolution Integrating Phylogenomic Data</a>. <i>Nature (preprint)</i>. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04341-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04341-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mantilla, G. P. W.; <i>et al.</i> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003101822200027X">New mammals from the naskal intertrappean site and the age of India’s earliest eutherians</a>. <i>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</i>. <b>110857</b>. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110857">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110857</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A. V. Lopatin & A. O. Averianov (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325248664_Earliest_Placentals_at_the_Dawn_of_Big_Time">Earliest Placentals: at the Dawn of Big Time</a>. <i>Priroda</i>. <b>2018</b> (4): 34-40. <span style="cursor:help;" data-lang="ru" title="Jazyk cíle odkazu: ruština">(rusky)</span></li> <li>Halliday, T. J. D.; <i>et al.</i> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspb.2018.2418">Rapid morphological evolution in placental mammals post-dates the origin of the crown group</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>286</b> (1898): 20182418. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2418">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2418</a></li> <li>Mark S. Springer (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)00223-8">Afrotheria</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>32</b> (5): PR205-R210. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.001</a></li> <li>Foley, N. M.; <i>et al.</i> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl8189">A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>380</b> (6643): eabl8189. doi: 10.1126/science.abl8189</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Placentalia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Placentalia">placentálové</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/placent%C3%A1l" class="extiw" title="wikt:placentál">placentál</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="sisterproject-inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> Encyklopedické heslo <strong><a href="https://cs.wikisource.org/wiki/Ott%C5%AFv_slovn%C3%ADk_nau%C4%8Dn%C3%BD/Placentalia" class="extiw" title="s:Ottův slovník naučný/Placentalia">Placentalia</a></strong> v <a href="/wiki/Ott%C5%AFv_slovn%C3%ADk_nau%C4%8Dn%C3%BD" title="Ottův slovník naučný">Ottově slovníku naučném</a> ve Wikizdrojích</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Savci"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Savci" title="Savci">Savci</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Podtřída <a href="/wiki/Vejcorod%C3%AD" title="Vejcorodí">vejcorodí</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%A1d_(biologie)" title="Řád (biologie)">řád</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptako%C5%99itn%C3%AD" title="Ptakořitní">ptakořitní</a></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Podtřída <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivorod%C3%AD" title="Živorodí">živorodí</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> </div><table title="" class="navbox-subgroup nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><tbody><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Nadřád <a href="/wiki/Va%C4%8Dnatci" title="Vačnatci">vačnatci</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> řády: <a href="/wiki/Va%C4%8Dice" title="Vačice">vačice</a> • <a href="/wiki/Va%C4%8D%C3%ADci" title="Vačíci">vačíci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kolokolov%C3%A9" title="Kolokolové">kolokolové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kunovci" title="Kunovci">kunovci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bandikuti" title="Bandikuti">bandikuti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vakokrtovit%C3%AD" title="Vakokrtovití">vakokrti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dvojitozubci" title="Dvojitozubci">dvojitozubci</a></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Nadřád <a class="mw-selflink selflink">placentálové</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Afrotheria" title="Afrotheria">Afrotheria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afrosoricida" title="Afrosoricida">afrosoricida</a> • <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9rcouni" title="Bércouni">bércouni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hrab%C3%A1%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrabáč">hrabáči</a> • <a href="/wiki/Damani" title="Damani">damani</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chobotnatci" title="Chobotnatci">chobotnatci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sir%C3%A9ny" title="Sirény">sirény</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Chudozub%C3%AD" title="Chudozubí">chudozubí</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hmyzo%C5%BEravci" title="Hmyzožravci">hmyzožravci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Letouni" title="Letouni">letouni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luskouni" title="Luskouni">luskouni</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0elmy" title="Šelmy">šelmy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lichokopytn%C3%ADci" title="Lichokopytníci">lichokopytníci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sudokopytn%C3%ADci" title="Sudokopytníci">sudokopytníci</a> + <a href="/wiki/Kytovci" title="Kytovci">kytovci</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a> (<a href="/wiki/Letuchy" title="Letuchy">letuchy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tany" title="Tany">tany</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prim%C3%A1ti" title="Primáti">primáti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hlodavci" title="Hlodavci">hlodavci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zaj%C3%ADcovci" title="Zajícovci">zajícovci</a>)</div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> <div></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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title="Wikidruhy">Wikidruhy</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Placentalia">Placentalia</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/42399417">42399417</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=91965">91965</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/848320">848320</a></span></span></li></ul> 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Placentálové&oldid=23259476">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Placentálové&oldid=23259476</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Kategorie:Placentálové">Placentálové</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Savci" title="Kategorie:Savci">Savci</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_PSH" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_GND" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem 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