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<li id="toc-Prior_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prior_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prior developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prior_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Conception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rainhill_trials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rainhill_trials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rainhill trials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rainhill_trials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Driving_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Driving_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Driving wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Driving_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boiler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boiler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Boiler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boiler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blastpipe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blastpipe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Blastpipe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blastpipe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cylinders_and_pistons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cylinders_and_pistons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cylinders and pistons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cylinders_and_pistons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firebox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firebox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Firebox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firebox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Rocket-type_locomotives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Rocket-type_locomotives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other <i>Rocket</i>-type locomotives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Rocket-type_locomotives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subsequent designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Replicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Stephenson's <i>Rocket</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7)" title="Ракета (паравоз) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ракета (паравоз)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(lokomotiva)" title="Rocket (lokomotiva) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rocket (lokomotiva)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Stephenson" title="Rocket Stephenson – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rocket Stephenson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(damplokomotiv)" title="Rocket (damplokomotiv) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rocket (damplokomotiv)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(Lokomotive)" title="Rocket (Lokomotive) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rocket (Lokomotive)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocket" title="The Rocket – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The Rocket" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fus%C3%A9e_de_Stephenson" title="Fusée de Stephenson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fusée de Stephenson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93%ED%98%B8" title="로켓호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로켓호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva_Rocket" title="Locomotiva Rocket – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Locomotiva Rocket" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rocket" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Ракета (локомотива) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ракета (локомотива)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephenson%27s_Rocket" title="Stephenson's Rocket – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stephenson's Rocket" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E5%8F%B7" title="ロケット号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロケット号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocket" title="The Rocket – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="The Rocket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotivet_Rocket" title="Lokomotivet Rocket – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lokomotivet Rocket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakieta_(parow%C3%B3z)" title="Rakieta (parowóz) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rakieta (parowóz)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(locomotiva)" title="Rocket (locomotiva) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rocket (locomotiva)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocket" title="The Rocket – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="The Rocket" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7)" title="Ракета (паровоз) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ракета (паровоз)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocket" title="The Rocket – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Rocket" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(ru%C5%A1e%C5%88)" title="Rocket (rušeň) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rocket (rušeň)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raketa_(lokomotiva)" title="Raketa (lokomotiva) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Raketa (lokomotiva)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephensonin_Rocket-veturi" title="Stephensonin Rocket-veturi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Stephensonin Rocket-veturi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephenson%27s_Rocket" title="Stephenson's Rocket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stephenson's Rocket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephenson%27s_Rocket" title="Stephenson's Rocket – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stephenson's Rocket" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7)" title="Ракета (паровоз) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ракета (паровоз)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E8%99%9F" title="火箭號 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="火箭號" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q777026#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stephenson%27s_Rocket" title="View the content 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Steam locomotive by Robert Stephenson in 1829</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style=";"><i>Rocket</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg/300px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg/450px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="371" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A contemporary drawing of <i>Rocket</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Type and origin</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Power type</th><td class="infobox-data">Steam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Builder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson_and_Company" title="Robert Stephenson and Company">Robert Stephenson and Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Build date</th><td class="infobox-data">1829</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Configuration:<br /></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • <a href="/wiki/Whyte_notation" title="Whyte notation">Whyte</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/0-2-2" title="0-2-2">0-2-2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • <a href="/wiki/UIC_classification_of_locomotive_axle_arrangements" title="UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements">UIC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">A1 n2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Gauge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Driving_wheel" title="Driving wheel">Driver</a> dia.</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in (1.435 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Trailing_wheel" title="Trailing wheel">Trailing dia.</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 ft 6 in (0.76 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Wheelbase#Rail" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7 ft 1 in (2.16 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Axle_load" title="Axle load">Axle load</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 long tons 12 cwt 1 qr (5,850 lb or 2.65 t)<sup id="cite_ref-RainhillTrials_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RainhillTrials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Loco weight</th><td class="infobox-data">4 long tons 5 cwt (9,500 lb or 4.3 t)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Fuel type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Firebox:</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • Grate area</th><td class="infobox-data">6 sq ft (1 m<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Boiler</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>3 ft 4 in (1 m) diameter x</li><li>6 ft (2 m) length<sup id="cite_ref-et_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> x 0.25 in (6 mm) thick<sup id="cite_ref-Dawson,_Anthony_2019_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawson,_Anthony_2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Boiler pressure</th><td class="infobox-data">50 lbf/in<sup>2</sup> (340 kPa)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Heating surface:</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • Firebox</th><td class="infobox-data">1.6 m<sup>2</sup> (17 sq ft)<sup id="cite_ref-et_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> x 2 ft (0.61 m) width x 3 ft (0.91 m) height<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • Tubes</th><td class="infobox-data">12.8 m<sup>2</sup> (138 sq ft)<sup id="cite_ref-et_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • Tubes and flues</th><td class="infobox-data">25 3 in (76 mm) copper tubes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • Total surface</th><td class="infobox-data">15.2 m<sup>2</sup> (164 sq ft)<sup id="cite_ref-et_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(locomotive)" title="Cylinder (locomotive)">Cylinders</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Two, outside. Angled at 38°<sup id="cite_ref-Dawson,_Anthony_2019_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawson,_Anthony_2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(locomotive)" title="Cylinder (locomotive)">Cylinder size</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 in × 16.5 in (203 mm × 419 mm)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Valve_gear" title="Valve gear">Valve gear</a></th><td class="infobox-data">slip eccentric with manual override</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Valve type</th><td class="infobox-data">flat slide valve with exhaust cavity</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Performance figures</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Maximum speed</th><td class="infobox-data">30 mph (48 km/h)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="/wiki/Tractive_effort" title="Tractive effort">Tractive effort</a></th><td class="infobox-data">825 lbf</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Operators</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brampton_Railway" title="Brampton Railway">Lord Carlisle's Railway</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Current owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">Science Museum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Disposition</th><td class="infobox-data">On static display</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stephenson's <i>Rocket</i></b> is an early <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a> of <a href="/wiki/0-2-2" title="0-2-2">0-2-2</a> <a href="/wiki/Wheel_arrangement" title="Wheel arrangement">wheel arrangement</a>. It was built for and won the <a href="/wiki/Rainhill_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainhill Trials">Rainhill Trials</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a> (L&MR), held in October 1829 to show that improved locomotives would be more efficient than <a href="/wiki/Stationary_steam_engine" title="Stationary steam engine">stationary steam engines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlson1969214–215,_219,_223_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlson1969214–215,_219,_223-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Rocket</i> was designed and built by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a> in 1829, and built at the <a href="/wiki/Forth_Street_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Forth Street Works">Forth Street Works</a> of his company in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>. </p><p>Though <i>Rocket</i> was not the first steam locomotive, it was the first to bring together several innovations that produced the most advanced locomotive of its day. It is the most famous example of an evolving design of locomotives by Stephenson, and became the template for most steam engines in the following 150 years. </p><p>The locomotive was displayed in the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a> in London until 2018, after which it was briefly exhibited at sites around the UK, ultimately at <a href="/wiki/National_Railway_Museum" title="National Railway Museum">National Railway Museum</a> in York. Since 2023, it has been based at the <a href="/wiki/Locomotion_Museum" title="Locomotion Museum">Locomotion Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shildon" title="Shildon">Shildon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prior_developments">Prior developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prior developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rocket</i> was built at a time of rapid development of steam engine technology. It was based on experience gained from earlier designs by <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Killingworth_locomotives" title="Killingworth locomotives">Killingworth locomotive</a> <i>Blücher</i> (1814); <i><a href="/wiki/Locomotion_No._1" title="Locomotion No. 1">Locomotion</a></i> (1825); and the <i><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Witch" title="Lancashire Witch">Lancashire Witch</a></i> (1828). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conception">Conception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been differences in opinion on who should be given the credit for designing <i>Rocket</i>. <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a> had designed several locomotives before but none as advanced as <i>Rocket</i>. At the time that <i>Rocket</i> was being designed and built at the Forth Banks Works, he was living in Liverpool overseeing the building of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a>. His son <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert</a> had recently returned from a stint working in South America and resumed as managing director of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson_and_Company" title="Robert Stephenson and Company">Robert Stephenson and Company</a>. He was in daily charge of designing and constructing the new locomotive. Although he was in frequent contact with his father in Liverpool and probably received advice from him, it is difficult not to give the majority of the credit for the design to Robert. A third person who may deserve a significant amount of credit is <a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth" title="Henry Booth">Henry Booth</a>, the treasurer of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. He is believed to have suggested to Robert Stephenson that a multi-tube boiler should be used.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stephenson designed <i>Rocket</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Rainhill_trials" title="Rainhill trials">Rainhill trials</a>, and the specific rules of that contest. As the first railway intended for passengers more than freight, the rules emphasised speed and would require reliability, but the weight of the locomotive was also tightly restricted. Six-wheeled locomotives were limited to six tons, four-wheeled locomotives to four and a half tons. In particular, the weight of the train expected to be hauled was to be no more than three times the actual weight of the locomotive. Stephenson realised that whatever the size of previously successful locomotives, this new contest would favour a fast, light locomotive of only moderate hauling power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197359_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197359-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rainhill_trials">Rainhill trials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rainhill trials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rainhill_trials" title="Rainhill trials">Rainhill trials</a></div> <p>On 20 April 1829, the board of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway project passed a resolution for a competition to be held to prove their railway could be reliably operated by steam locomotives, there being advice from eminent engineers of the age that stationary engines would be required.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198044_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198044-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A prize of £500 was offered as an incentive to the winner, with strict conditions a locomotive would need to meet to enter the trial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198046_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198046-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Stephenson was able to report to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth" title="Henry Booth">Henry Booth</a> on 5 September 1829 that <i>Rocket</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had performed initial manufacturer tests with flying colours at <a href="/wiki/Killingworth" title="Killingworth">Killingworth</a>. <i>Rocket</i> was dismantled at <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a> and began the long trip to Rainhill: by horse wagon to Carlisle; <a href="/wiki/Lighter_(barge)" title="Lighter (barge)">lighter</a> to <a href="/wiki/Port_Carlisle" title="Port Carlisle">Port Carlisle</a> then by the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(1826_ship)" title="Cumberland (1826 ship)"><i>Cumberland</i></a> steamer to Liverpool for re-assembly on 18 September 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198049_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198049-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas198066_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas198066-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Rocket</i> passed the trial requirement of achieving an average speed of 10 mph (16 km/h) over 70 miles (110 km) by over 40 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198055_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198055-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demonstrations also saw <i>Rocket</i> consistently and easily haul a carriage with over 20 persons up the Whiston Incline at over 15 mph (24 km/h), and light engine running of around 30 mph (48 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198055_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198055-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No other locomotive at the trials could match anything like Rocket's performance reliably, with partners Booth and Stephensons sharing the £500 winnings and showing that stationary engines were unnecessary, with sceptics such as <a href="/wiki/John_Urpeth_Rastrick" title="John Urpeth Rastrick">Rastrick</a> being convinced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198056–57_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198056–57-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation">Operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Replica_Rocket_and_coach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Replica_Rocket_and_coach.jpg/220px-Replica_Rocket_and_coach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Replica_Rocket_and_coach.jpg/330px-Replica_Rocket_and_coach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Replica_Rocket_and_coach.jpg/440px-Replica_Rocket_and_coach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>A replica coach and <i>Rocket</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Rocket_150" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket 150"><i>Rocket</i> 150</a> event</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephenson%27s_Rocket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stephenson%27s_Rocket.jpg/220px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stephenson%27s_Rocket.jpg/330px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stephenson%27s_Rocket.jpg/440px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Rocket</i> as preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum, London</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StephensonRocketScienceMuseumLondonJan2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/StephensonRocketScienceMuseumLondonJan2008.jpg/220px-StephensonRocketScienceMuseumLondonJan2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/StephensonRocketScienceMuseumLondonJan2008.jpg/330px-StephensonRocketScienceMuseumLondonJan2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/StephensonRocketScienceMuseumLondonJan2008.jpg/440px-StephensonRocketScienceMuseumLondonJan2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A closer view</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway">opening ceremony of the L&MR</a> on 15 September 1830 was a considerable event, drawing luminaries from the government and industry, including the Prime Minister, the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a>. The day started with a procession of eight trains setting out from Liverpool for Manchester. The parade was led by <i>Northumbrian</i> driven by George Stephenson, and included <i>Phoenix</i> driven by his son Robert, <i>North Star</i> driven by his brother Robert Sr. and <i>Rocket</i> driven by assistant engineer <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Locke" title="Joseph Locke">Joseph Locke</a>. The day was marred by the death of <a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">William Huskisson</a>, the Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, who was struck and killed by <i>Rocket</i> at Parkside.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>History between 1830 and 1840 is only vaguely documented. From 1830 to 1834, <i>Rocket</i> served on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. </p><p>After service on the L&MR, <i>Rocket</i> was used between 1836 and 1840 on <a href="/wiki/Brampton_Railway" title="Brampton Railway">Lord Carlisle's Railway</a> near Brampton, in Cumberland (now <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>), England.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Built as a prototype to win a speed trial, the engine was soon superseded by improved designs, such as Stephenson's <a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_(locomotive)" title="Northumbrian (locomotive)"><i>Northumbrian</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Planet_(locomotive)" title="Planet (locomotive)"><i>Planet</i></a> designs, both of 1830. </p><p>Within a few years, the <i>Rocket</i> itself had been much modified to be similar to the <i>Northumbrian</i> class. The <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinders</a> were altered to a near-horizontal position, compared to the angled arrangement as new; the firebox capacity was enlarged and the shape simplified; and the locomotive was given a drum <a href="/wiki/Smokebox" title="Smokebox">smokebox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These arrangements can be seen in the engine today. Such are the changes in the engine from 1829 that <i>The Engineer</i> magazine, circa 1884, concluded that "it seems to us indisputable that the <i>Rocket</i> of 1829 and 1830 were totally different engines".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1834, the engine was selected for further (unsuccessful) modifications to test a newly developed rotary steam engine designed by <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral (Royal Navy)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">The 10th Earl of Dundonald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a cost of nearly £80, <i>Rocket</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s cylinders and driving rods were removed and two of the engines were installed directly on its driving axle with a feedwater pump in between. On 22 October, of that year, an operational trial was held with disappointing results; one witness observing, that "the engine could not be made to draw a train of empty carriages". Due to inherent flaws and engineering difficulties associated with their design, Lord Dundonald's engines were simply too underpowered for the task.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1837, <i>Rocket</i> was sold for £300 and began service on the <a href="/wiki/Brampton_Railway" title="Brampton Railway">Brampton Railway</a>, a mineral railway in <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> that had recently converted to <a href="/wiki/Stephenson_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephenson gauge">Stephenson gauge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rocket was acquired to haul mineral trains, but was too light and was laid aside in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained at <a href="/wiki/Tindale,_Cumbria" title="Tindale, Cumbria">Tindale</a> until 1862 and its donation to the Patent Office Museum, London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preservation">Preservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1862, <i>Rocket</i> was donated to the Patent Office Museum in London (now the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-RainhillTrials_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RainhillTrials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the Thompsons of Milton Hall, near <a href="/wiki/Brampton,_Carlisle" title="Brampton, Carlisle">Brampton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The locomotive still exists, though it has not been operated since becoming a museum exhibit. It was displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a> for 150 years, although in a much modified form from its state at the Rainhill Trials. In 2018, it was displayed in Newcastle<sup id="cite_ref-returnToNorth_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-returnToNorth-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then in Manchester at the <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Industry_Museum" title="Science and Industry Museum">Science and Industry Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2019, it was displayed at the <a href="/wiki/National_Railway_Museum" title="National Railway Museum">National Railway Museum</a>, York,<sup id="cite_ref-returnToNorth_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-returnToNorth-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NRMExhibit_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRMExhibit-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Locomotion_Museum" title="Locomotion Museum">Locomotion Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shildon" title="Shildon">Shildon</a>, County Durham, since 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocket_Verkehrsmuseum_Nuernberg_12092010_side_view.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rocket_Verkehrsmuseum_Nuernberg_12092010_side_view.JPG/220px-Rocket_Verkehrsmuseum_Nuernberg_12092010_side_view.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rocket_Verkehrsmuseum_Nuernberg_12092010_side_view.JPG/330px-Rocket_Verkehrsmuseum_Nuernberg_12092010_side_view.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rocket_Verkehrsmuseum_Nuernberg_12092010_side_view.JPG/440px-Rocket_Verkehrsmuseum_Nuernberg_12092010_side_view.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption>Replica of the <i>Rocket</i> in its original condition in the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Transport_Museum" title="Nuremberg Transport Museum">Transport Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> during the exhibition "Adler, Rocket and Co."</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephenson%27s_Rocket_--_colour_side_elevation_drawing_(NRM_UK_SSPL_10301005).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stephenson%27s_Rocket_--_colour_side_elevation_drawing_%28NRM_UK_SSPL_10301005%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket_--_colour_side_elevation_drawing_%28NRM_UK_SSPL_10301005%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stephenson%27s_Rocket_--_colour_side_elevation_drawing_%28NRM_UK_SSPL_10301005%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket_--_colour_side_elevation_drawing_%28NRM_UK_SSPL_10301005%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stephenson%27s_Rocket_--_colour_side_elevation_drawing_%28NRM_UK_SSPL_10301005%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket_--_colour_side_elevation_drawing_%28NRM_UK_SSPL_10301005%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Side elevation of <i>Rocket</i><span class="nowrap"> </span></figcaption></figure> <p>The locomotive had a tall 16 ft smokestack chimney at the front, a cylindrical boiler in the middle, and a separate <a href="/wiki/Firebox_(steam_engine)" title="Firebox (steam engine)">firebox</a> at the rear. The large front pair of wooden wheels was driven by two external cylinders set at an angle of 38°. The smaller rear wheels were not coupled to the driving wheels, giving an 0-2-2 <a href="/wiki/Wheel_arrangement" title="Wheel arrangement">wheel arrangement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the cylinders drove a small 1.25 inch diameter feedwater pump which pumped water from the tender to the boiler, a valve could be adjusted to control the amount of water needed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Driving_wheels">Driving wheels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Driving wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stephenson's most visible decision was to use a single pair of driving wheels, with a small carrying axle behind. This was the first <a href="/wiki/0-2-2" title="0-2-2">0-2-2</a> and first single driver locomotive.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197360_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197360-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of single drivers gave several advantages. The weight of <a href="/wiki/Coupling_rods" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupling rods">coupling rods</a> was avoided and the second axle could be smaller and lightweight, as it only carried a small portion of the weight. <i>Rocket</i> placed just over <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> tons of its <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ton total weight onto its driving wheels,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a higher axle load than <i><a href="/wiki/Sans_Pareil" title="Sans Pareil">Sans Pareil</a></i>, even though the <a href="/wiki/0-4-0" title="0-4-0">0-4-0</a> was heavier overall at 5 ton, and officially disqualified by being over the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ton limit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197360_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197360-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early locomotive designers had been concerned that the adhesion of a locomotive's driving wheels would be inadequate, but Stephenson's past experience convinced him that this would not be a problem, particularly with the light trains of the trials contest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boiler">Boiler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Boiler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rocket</i> uses a multi-tubular boiler design. Previous locomotive boilers consisted of a single pipe surrounded by water (though the <i><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Witch" title="Lancashire Witch">Lancashire Witch</a></i> did have twin flues). <i>Rocket</i> had 25 copper<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197384_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197384-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fire-tubes that carried the hot exhaust gas from the firebox, through the wet boiler to the blast pipe and chimney. This arrangement resulted in a greatly increased surface contact area of hot pipe with boiler water when compared to a <a href="/wiki/Flued_boiler" title="Flued boiler">single large flue</a>. Additionally, radiant heating from the enlarged separate firebox helped deliver a further increase in steaming and hence boiler efficiency. </p><p>The original innovator of multiple fire-tubes is unclear, between Stephenson and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Seguin" title="Marc Seguin">Marc Seguin</a>. It is known that Seguin visited Stephenson to observe <a href="/wiki/Locomotion_No_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Locomotion No 1"><i>Locomotion</i></a> and that he also built two multi-tubular locomotives of his own design for the <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne%E2%80%93Lyon_railway" title="Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway">Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway</a> before <i>Rocket</i>. <i>Rocket</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s boiler was of the more highly developed form, with the separate firebox and a blastpipe for draught, rather than Seguin's cumbersome fans, but <i>Rocket</i> was not the first multi-tubular boiler, although it remains unclear just whose invention it was. </p><p>The benefits of increasing the fire-tube area had also been attempted with <a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson" title="John Ericsson">Ericsson</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Braithwaite_(engineer)" title="John Braithwaite (engineer)">Braithwaite</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Novelty_(locomotive)" title="Novelty (locomotive)">Novelty</a></i> at Rainhill. Their design though used a single fire-tube, folded in three. This offered an increased surface area, but only at the cost of a proportionately increased length and so poor draught on the fire. Its arrangement also made tube cleaning impractical. </p><p>The advantages of the multiple-tube boiler were quickly recognised, even for heavy, slow freight locomotives. By 1830, Stephenson's past employee <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Hackworth" title="Timothy Hackworth">Timothy Hackworth</a> had re-designed his <a href="/wiki/Return-flue_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Return-flue boiler">return-flued</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_George_(locomotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal George (locomotive)"><i>Royal George</i></a> as the return-tubed <i>Wilberforce</i> class.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197355–56_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197355–56-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blastpipe">Blastpipe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Blastpipe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rocket</i> also used a <a href="/wiki/Blastpipe" title="Blastpipe">blastpipe</a>, feeding the exhaust steam from the cylinders into the base of the chimney so as to induce a partial vacuum and pull air through the fire. Credit for the invention of the blastpipe is disputed, though Stephenson used it as early as 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blastpipe worked well on the multi-tube boiler of <i>Rocket</i> but on earlier designs with a single flue through the boiler it had created so much suction that it tended to rip the top off the fire and throw burning cinders out of the chimney, vastly increasing the fuel consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cylinders_and_pistons">Cylinders and pistons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cylinders and pistons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocket_Cylinder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Rocket_Cylinder.jpg/220px-Rocket_Cylinder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Rocket_Cylinder.jpg/330px-Rocket_Cylinder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Rocket_Cylinder.jpg/440px-Rocket_Cylinder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A cutaway view of the cylinder and steam valve of the replica Rocket</figcaption></figure> <p>Like the <i>Lancashire Witch</i>, <i>Rocket</i> had two cylinders set at angle from the horizontal, with the pistons driving a pair of 4 feet 8.5 inches (1.435 m) diameter wheels.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most previous designs had the cylinders positioned vertically, which gave the engines an uneven swaying motion as they progressed along the track. Subsequently, <i>Rocket</i> was modified so that the cylinders were set close to horizontal, a layout that influenced nearly all designs that followed. </p><p>Again like the <i>Lancashire Witch</i>, the pistons were connected directly to the driving wheels, an arrangement which is found in subsequent steam locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-RainhillTrials_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RainhillTrials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firebox">Firebox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Firebox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The firebox was separate from the boiler and was double walled, with a water jacket between them. Stephenson recognised that the hottest part of the boiler, and thus the most effective for evaporating water, was that surrounding the fire itself. This firebox was heated by <a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">radiant heat</a> from the glowing <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coke</a>, not just <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convection</a> from the hot exhaust gas. </p><p>Locomotives of <i>Rocket</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s era were fired by <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coke</a> rather than coal. Local landowners were already familiar with the dark clouds of smoke from coal-fired stationary engines and had imposed regulations on most new railways that locomotives would 'consume their own smoke'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197359_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197359-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The smoke from a burning coke fire was much cleaner than that from coal. It was not until 30 years later and the development of the long firebox and <a href="/wiki/Firebox_(steam_engine)#Brick_arch" title="Firebox (steam engine)">brick arch</a> that locomotives would be effectively able to burn coal directly. </p><p><i>Rocket</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s first firebox was of copper sheet and of a somewhat rectangular shape from the side.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The throatplate was of firebrick, possibly the backhead too.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197361_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197361-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When rebuilt around 1831,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197361_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197361-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> backhead and throatplate, with a drum wrapper (now missing), presumed to be of copper, between them. This gave a larger internal volume and encouraged better combustion within the firebox, rather than inside the tubes. These early fireboxes formed a separate water space from the boiler drum and were connected by prominent external copper pipes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Rocket-type_locomotives">Other <i>Rocket</i>-type locomotives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other Rocket-type locomotives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rocket</i> was followed by a number of other engines of similar <a href="/wiki/0-2-2" title="0-2-2">0-2-2</a> layout with rear-mounted cylinders built for the L&MR before it <a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway">opened</a> on 15 September 1830, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_(locomotive)" title="Northumbrian (locomotive)"><i>Northumbrian</i></a> (1830), by which time the cylinders were horizontal. Other engines of the <i>Rocket</i> design which were delivered to the Liverpool and Manchester railway included <i>Arrow</i>, <i>Comet</i>, <i>Dart</i> and <i>Meteor</i>, all being delivered to the railway during 1830. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_designs">Subsequent designs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Subsequent designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At around the same time, Stephenson experimented with front-mounted cylinders. The unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/0-4-0" title="0-4-0">0-4-0</a> <a href="/wiki/Invicta_(locomotive)" title="Invicta (locomotive)"><i>Invicta</i></a>, built in 1829 immediately after <i>Rocket</i>, still had them at an angle. The successful <a href="/wiki/2-2-0" title="2-2-0">2-2-0</a> locomotive <a href="/wiki/Planet_(locomotive)" title="Planet (locomotive)"><i>Planet</i></a> (1830) had internal front-mounted cylinders set to the horizontal. </p><p>Engines built to the <i>Planet</i> design and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2-2-2" title="2-2-2">2-2-2</a> <a href="/wiki/Patentee_(locomotive)" title="Patentee (locomotive)"><i>Patentee</i></a> design of 1833 made the design of <i>Rocket</i> obsolete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replicas">Replicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Replicas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buster_Rocket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Buster_Rocket.jpg/220px-Buster_Rocket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Buster_Rocket.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> made whimsical use of his replica <i>Rocket</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Hospitality" title="Our Hospitality">Our Hospitality</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocket_and_Albert_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rocket_and_Albert_Hall.jpg/220px-Rocket_and_Albert_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rocket_and_Albert_Hall.jpg/330px-Rocket_and_Albert_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rocket_and_Albert_Hall.jpg/440px-Rocket_and_Albert_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1225" /></a><figcaption>Rocket steam replica, Albert Hall and a <a href="/wiki/British_European_Airways#City_centre_check-in_facilities" title="British European Airways">BEA Routemaster</a> bus in 1979</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1923, <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> had a functioning replica built for the film <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Hospitality" title="Our Hospitality">Our Hospitality</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, the replica was used again in the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_St._John" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred St. John">Al St. John</a> film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Mule" title="The Iron Mule">The Iron Mule</a></i>, directed by Keaton's mentor, <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Arbuckle" title="Roscoe Arbuckle">Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent whereabouts of the replica are unknown. There are, however, at least two other replicas of <i>Rocket</i> in the US,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both built by Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns in 1929; one is at the <a href="/wiki/The_Henry_Ford" title="The Henry Ford">Henry Ford Museum</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the other at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry,_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago">Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest full-size replica of <i>Rocket</i> seems to have been one depicted on a <a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway" title="London and North Western Railway">London and North Western Railway</a> postcard (therefore pre-1923).<sup id="cite_ref-LNWR_postcard_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LNWR_postcard-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A cut-away static replica was built in 1935 and displayed for many years next to the original at London's Science Museum. In 1979, a further, working <a href="/wiki/Replica" title="Replica">replica</a> <i>Rocket</i> was built by Locomotion Enterprises in the Springwell workshops at the Bowes Railway for the 150th anniversary celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It first worked in public on a short length of track in front of the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Memorial" title="Albert Memorial">Albert Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a> from 25 August to 2 September 1979, before going to Newcastle on 9 September, York on 16 October<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and running the measured mile, between <a href="/wiki/Lea_Green_railway_station" title="Lea Green railway station">Lea Green</a> and Rainhill, on the last two days at the Rocket 150 celebrations from 24 to 26 May 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a shorter <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">chimney</a> than the original to clear the bridge at Rainhill: successive additions of <a href="/wiki/Track_ballast" title="Track ballast">ballast</a> and heavier rail have raised the track, leaving less headroom than in the 19th century. As of 2022, both of these replicas were based at the <a href="/wiki/National_Railway_Museum" title="National Railway Museum">National Railway Museum</a>, York, with the original <i>Rocket</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1963, <a href="/wiki/Hornby_Railways" title="Hornby Railways">Tri-ang Railways</a> released a 00 Gauge model of <i>Rocket</i> containing three coaches and crew members. It was produced until 1969 by Tri-ang Hornby. It was re-introduced to the Hornby range in 1982 until 1983 in Hornby Railways packaging. However this 1982 re-introduced model was un-catalogued, and it was only available through exclusive retailers and from Hornby directly.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Rocket_150" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket 150">Rocket 150</a> anniversary, Hornby launched a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">89 mm</span>) gauge <a href="/wiki/Live_steam" title="Live steam">live steam</a> <i>Rocket</i> locomotive, with additional track and coaches available separately. </p><p>In 2020, Hornby announced a newly tooled 00 Gauge model of Stephenson's <i>Rocket</i> with three coaches and crew members as part of their Centenary range. It was available as a standard model and a limited edition with commemorative certificate of authentication in retro 1963 Hornby Centenary Tri-ang Railways packaging.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_Seguin" title="Locomotive Seguin">Locomotive Seguin</a> – Seguin tubular steam locomotive (1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bull_(locomotive)" title="John Bull (locomotive)">John Bull (locomotive)</a> – British-built railroad steam locomotive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMR_57_Lion" title="LMR 57 Lion">LMR 57 Lion</a> – Liverpool and Manchester Railway steam locomotive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stourbridge_Lion" title="Stourbridge Lion">Stourbridge Lion</a> – Railroad steam locomotive built in 1829</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Thumb_(locomotive)" title="Tom Thumb (locomotive)">Tom Thumb (locomotive)</a> – 1830 American-built steam locomotive</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally <i>Rocket</i> was known by the Stephensons as the <i>Premium Engine</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198048_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198048-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although <i><a href="/wiki/Novelty_(locomotive)" title="Novelty (locomotive)">Novelty</a></i> would also bring a 0-2-2 arrangement to Rainhill</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RainhillTrials-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RainhillTrials_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RainhillTrials_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RainhillTrials_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010350/http://www.rainhilltrials.com/userfiles/File/The_Rocket.pdf">"Rocket"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rainhilltrials.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rainhilltrials.com/userfiles/File/The_Rocket.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rocket&rft.pub=Rainhilltrials.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainhilltrials.com%2Fuserfiles%2FFile%2FThe_Rocket.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-et-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-et_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-et_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-et_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-et_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1465">"Engineering Timelines – Rocket, Stephenson's locomotive"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engineering+Timelines+%E2%80%93+Rocket%2C+Stephenson%27s+locomotive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineering-timelines.com%2Fscripts%2FengineeringItem.asp%3Fid%3D1465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawson,_Anthony_2019-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dawson,_Anthony_2019_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dawson,_Anthony_2019_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawson, Anthony. Locomotives of the Victorian Railway: The Early Days of Steam. United Kingdom, Amberley Publishing, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smiles, Samuel. The Story of the Life of George Stephenson: Including a Memoir of His Son Robert Stephenson. United Kingdom, John Murray, 1873.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard, Gibbon. Stephenson's Rocket Manual: 1829 Onwards. United Kingdom, Haynes Publishing UK, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collection.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/co8084947/stephensons-rocket-steam-locomotive">"Stephenson's Rocket"</a>. The Science Museum Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephenson%27s+Rocket&rft.pub=The+Science+Museum+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollection.sciencemuseum.org.uk%2Fobjects%2Fco8084947%2Fstephensons-rocket-steam-locomotive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlson1969214–215,_219,_223-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlson1969214–215,_219,_223_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarlson1969">Carlson (1969)</a>, pp. 214–215, 219, 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaymuseum.org.uk/node/13296">"Stephenson's iconic Rocket to be displayed at Locomotion in Shildon | National Railway Museum"</a>. 2 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephenson%27s+iconic+Rocket+to+be+displayed+at+Locomotion+in+Shildon+%26%23124%3B+National+Railway+Museum&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaymuseum.org.uk%2Fnode%2F13296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burton-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton,_Anthony1980" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Anthony (1980). <i>The Rainhill Story</i>. BBC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-563-17841-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-563-17841-8"><bdi>0-563-17841-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rainhill+Story&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-563-17841-8&rft.au=Burton%2C+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2004" class="citation book cs1">Ross, David (2004). <i>The Willing Servant</i>. Tempus. pp. <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2986-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2986-8"><bdi>0-7524-2986-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Willing+Servant&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7524-2986-8&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197359-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197359_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197359_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnell1973">Snell (1973)</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198044-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198044_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerneyhough1980">Ferneyhough (1980)</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198046-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198046_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerneyhough1980">Ferneyhough (1980)</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198048-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198048_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerneyhough1980">Ferneyhough (1980)</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198049-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198049_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerneyhough1980">Ferneyhough (1980)</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas198066-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas198066_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomas1980">Thomas (1980)</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198055-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198055_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198055_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerneyhough1980">Ferneyhough (1980)</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198056–57-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough198056–57_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerneyhough1980">Ferneyhough (1980)</a>, p. 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbGordon1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Webb_(railway_historian)" title="Brian Webb (railway historian)">Webb, Brian</a>; Gordon, David A. (1978). <i>Lord Carlisle's Railways</i>. Lichfield, Staffordshire: <a href="/wiki/Railway_Correspondence_and_Travel_Society" title="Railway Correspondence and Travel Society">RCTS</a>. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901115-43-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-901115-43-6"><bdi>0-901115-43-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Carlisle%27s+Railways&rft.place=Lichfield%2C+Staffordshire&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=RCTS&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-901115-43-6&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Gordon%2C+David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMel_Draper" class="citation web cs1">Mel Draper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntlworld.com/ms.draper/FNRM_SoE/Talks_Reports/mr1201.html">"Engineering and History of Robert Stephenson's Rocket"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engineering+and+History+of+Robert+Stephenson%27s+Rocket&rft.au=Mel+Draper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.ntlworld.com%2Fms.draper%2FFNRM_SoE%2FTalks_Reports%2Fmr1201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11734/11734-h/11734-h.htm#3">The Project Gutenberg EBook of <i>Scientific American</i> Supplement, No. 460, 25 October 1884, by Various</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaileyGlithero2002" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, Michael R; Glithero, John P (2002). <i>The Stephensons' Rocket</i>. York: National Railway Museum/Science Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-900747-49-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-900747-49-3"><bdi>978-1-900747-49-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stephensons%27+Rocket&rft.place=York&rft.pub=National+Railway+Museum%2FScience+Museum&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-900747-49-3&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Michael+R&rft.au=Glithero%2C+John+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailey; Glithero (2000: 35–37)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas_Self" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Self" title="Douglas Self">Douglas Self</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.douglas-self.com/MUSEUM/POWER/rotaryengines/cochrane.htm">"Cochrane's Rotary Steam Engines"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cochrane%27s+Rotary+Steam+Engines.&rft.au=Douglas+Self&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.douglas-self.com%2FMUSEUM%2FPOWER%2Frotaryengines%2Fcochrane.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbGordon1978" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Brian; Gordon, David A. (1978). <i>Lord Carlisle's Railways</i>. Lichfield: Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901115-43-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-901115-43-6"><bdi>0-901115-43-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Carlisle%27s+Railways&rft.place=Lichfield&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Railway+Correspondence+and+Travel+Society&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-901115-43-6&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Gordon%2C+David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoy1983" class="citation book cs1">Joy, David (1983). <i>A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain</i>. Vol. 14. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946537-02-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-946537-02-X"><bdi>0-946537-02-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Regional+History+of+the+Railways+of+Great+Britain&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-946537-02-X&rft.aulast=Joy&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiffen2003" class="citation book cs1">Liffen, John (2003). "The Patent Office Museum and the beginnings of railway locomotive preservation". In Lewis, M. J. T. (ed.). <i>Early Railways 2</i>. London: Newcomen Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">202–</span>220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904685-13-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-904685-13-6"><bdi>0-904685-13-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Patent+Office+Museum+and+the+beginnings+of+railway+locomotive+preservation&rft.btitle=Early+Railways+2&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E202-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.pub=Newcomen+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-904685-13-6&rft.aulast=Liffen&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-returnToNorth-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-returnToNorth_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-returnToNorth_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2018" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Mark (23 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/23/our-elgin-marbles-stephensons-rocket-returns-to-north">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Our Elgin marbles': Stephenson's Rocket returns to north"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Our+Elgin+marbles%27%3A+Stephenson%27s+Rocket+returns+to+north&rft.date=2018-07-23&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2018%2Fjul%2F23%2Four-elgin-marbles-stephensons-rocket-returns-to-north&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk/about-us/press-office/stephensons-rocket-returns-manchester-first-time-180-years">"Stephenson's Rocket returns to Manchester for first time in 180 years"</a>. 23 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephenson%27s+Rocket+returns+to+Manchester+for+first+time+in+180+years&rft.date=2018-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fpress-office%2Fstephensons-rocket-returns-manchester-first-time-180-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRMExhibit-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NRMExhibit_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2019" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Mark (8 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/B06LaAkhEp1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Stephenson Rocket at NRM': Stephenson's Rocket to be exhibited at National Railway Museum"</a>. <i>NRM on Instagram</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B06LaAkhEp1/">the original</a></span> on 26 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRM+on+Instagram&rft.atitle=%27Stephenson+Rocket+at+NRM%27%3A+Stephenson%27s+Rocket+to+be+exhibited+at+National+Railway+Museum&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FB06LaAkhEp1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197360-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197360_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197360_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnell1973">Snell (1973)</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaileyGlithero2000" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, Michael R.; Glithero, John P. (2000). <i>The Engineering and History of Rocket: A Survey Report</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">Science Museum</a>. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-900-747-18-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-900-747-18-9"><bdi>1-900-747-18-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Engineering+and+History+of+Rocket%3A+A+Survey+Report&rft.place=London&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Science+Museum&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-900-747-18-9&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.&rft.au=Glithero%2C+John+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197384-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197384_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnell1973">Snell (1973)</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197355–56-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197355–56_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnell1973">Snell (1973)</a>, pp. 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmiles1862" class="citation cs2">Smiles, Samuel (1862), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V7rVmJMYQkoC&pg=PP5">"ch 5"</a>, <i>The lives of the engineers</i>, vol. 3, BoD – Books on Demand, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783867412681" title="Special:BookSources/9783867412681"><bdi>9783867412681</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ch+5&rft.btitle=The+lives+of+the+engineers&rft.pub=BoD+%E2%80%93+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=1862&rft.isbn=9783867412681&rft.aulast=Smiles&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV7rVmJMYQkoC%26pg%3DPP5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2000" class="citation cs2">Bailey, Michael (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFobmfrIKy0C"><i>The Engineering and History of "Rocket": A Survey Report</i></a>, National Railway Museum, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781900747189" title="Special:BookSources/9781900747189"><bdi>9781900747189</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Engineering+and+History+of+%22Rocket%22%3A+A+Survey+Report&rft.pub=National+Railway+Museum&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781900747189&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFobmfrIKy0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard, Gibbon. Stephenson's Rocket Manual: 1829 Onwards. United Kingdom, Haynes Publishing UK, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell197361-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197361_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell197361_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnell1973">Snell (1973)</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Buster Keaton: Interviews</i>, by Buster Keaton, Kevin W. Sweeney</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0015953/">"The Iron Mule"</a>. IMDb. 12 April 1925<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enuii.com/vulcan_foundry/RS%26H/index.htm">the original</a> on 14 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=enuii.com&rft.atitle=Robert+Stephenson+Stephensons+Hawthorn+Darlington+Rocket&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enuii.com%2Fvulcan_foundry%2FRS%2526H%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713231240/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/union/">"Chicago Area Steam"</a>. <i>steamlocomotive.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steamlocomotive.com/union/">the original</a> on 13 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=steamlocomotive.com&rft.atitle=Chicago+Area+Steam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.steamlocomotive.com%2Funion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LNWR_postcard-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LNWR_postcard_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825002828/http://postcard-heaven.co.uk/images/lnwr%20stephensons%20rocket%201829%20revised%201904.jpg">"Stephenoson's Rocket 1829 Image"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://postcard-heaven.co.uk/images/lnwr%20stephensons%20rocket%201829%20revised%201904.jpg">the original</a> on 25 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephenoson%27s+Rocket+1829+Image&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpostcard-heaven.co.uk%2Fimages%2Flnwr%2520stephensons%2520rocket%25201829%2520revised%25201904.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305160903/http://cache2.asset-cache.net/xc/3270859.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=45B0EB3381F7834D6CE8A153E5DDB3A9A47ACA0D87C699BD8D143FD4AE7FC81B">"Rocket"</a> (JPG). Archived from the original on 5 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rocket&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcache2.asset-cache.net%2Fxc%2F3270859.jpg%3Fv%3D1%26c%3DIWSAsset%26k%3D2%26d%3D45B0EB3381F7834D6CE8A153E5DDB3A9A47ACA0D87C699BD8D143FD4AE7FC81B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatow1979" class="citation magazine cs1">Satow, M. G. (October 1979). Slater, J.N. (ed.). "Rocket reborn". <i>Railway Magazine</i>. Vol. 125, no. 942. London: IPC Transport Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">472–</span>474.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Magazine&rft.atitle=Rocket+reborn&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=942&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E472-%3C%2Fspan%3E474&rft.date=1979-10&rft.aulast=Satow&rft.aufirst=M.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater1979" class="citation magazine cs1">Slater, J.N., ed. (October 1979). "Notes + News". <i>Railway Magazine</i>. Vol. 125, no. 942. London: IPC Transport Press. p. 508.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Magazine&rft.atitle=Notes+%2B+News&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=942&rft.pages=508&rft.date=1979-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater1980" class="citation magazine cs1">Slater, J.N., ed. (May 1980). "Rocket 150". <i>Railway Magazine</i>. Vol. 126, no. 949. London: IPC Transport Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">226–</span>227.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Magazine&rft.atitle=Rocket+150&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=949&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E226-%3C%2Fspan%3E227&rft.date=1980-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hornbyguide.com/class_details.asp?classid=106">"Hornby Collectors Guide Rocket"</a>. <i>Hornby Railways Collector Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hornby+Railways+Collector+Guide&rft.atitle=Hornby+Collectors+Guide+Rocket&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hornbyguide.com%2Fclass_details.asp%3Fclassid%3D106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hornby.com/uk-en/catalogsearch/result/?q=Stephenson%27s+Rocket">"Hornby 'Stephenson's Rocket'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hornby.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hornby.com&rft.atitle=Hornby+%27Stephenson%27s+Rocket%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hornby.com%2Fuk-en%2Fcatalogsearch%2Fresult%2F%3Fq%3DStephenson%2527s%2BRocket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson1969" class="citation book cs1">Carlson, Robert (1969). <i>The Liverpool and Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831</i>. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-4646-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-4646-6"><bdi>0-7153-4646-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/468636235">468636235</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4538910W">4538910W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liverpool+and+Manchester+Railway+Project+1821%E2%80%931831&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pub=David+and+Charles&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F468636235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL4538910W%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0-7153-4646-6&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerneyhough1980" class="citation book cs1">Ferneyhough, Frank (1980). <i>Liverpool & Manchester Railway 1830–1980</i>. England: Book Club Associates. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/656128257">656128257</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL5644661W">5644661W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liverpool+%26+Manchester+Railway+1830%E2%80%931980&rft.place=England&rft.pub=Book+Club+Associates&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F656128257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL5644661W%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Ferneyhough&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnell1973" class="citation book cs1">Snell, J.B. (1973) [1971]. <i>Railways: Mechanical Engineering</i>. Arrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-908170-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-908170-9"><bdi>0-09-908170-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railways%3A+Mechanical+Engineering&rft.pub=Arrow&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-09-908170-9&rft.aulast=Snell&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1980" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, R. G. H. (1980). <i>The Liverpool & Manchester Railway</i>. London: B. T. Batsford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0713405376" title="Special:BookSources/0713405376"><bdi>0713405376</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6355432">6355432</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL6395958W">6395958W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liverpool+%26+Manchester+Railway&rft.place=London&rft.pub=B.+T.+Batsford&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6355432&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL6395958W%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0713405376&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=R.+G.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephenson%27s_Rocket&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stephenson%27s_Rocket" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stephenson's Rocket">Stephenson's Rocket</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/co8084947/stephensons-rocket-steam-locomotive">The Science Museum – Stephenson's <i>Rocket</i> locomotive, 1829</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11734"><i>The Engineer</i></a> magazine examines the differences between the 1829 and 1830 <i>Rocket</i>, as reprinted in <i>Scientific American</i> Supplement, No. 460, 25 October 1884.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Scott_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Scott (entertainer)">Scott, Tom</a> (28 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3woUopc1ZS4">"The Early Steam Train With No Brakes: Stephenson's Rocket"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(youtube)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/3woUopc1ZS4">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2015</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Early+Steam+Train+With+No+Brakes%3A+Stephenson%27s+Rocket&rft.date=2014-04-28&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3woUopc1ZS4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStephenson%27s+Rocket" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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talk:Early steam locomotives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_steam_locomotives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early steam locomotives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-1830_steam_locomotives143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-1830 <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotives</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot#First_self-propelled_vehicle" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Cugnot's <i>fardier à vapeur</i></a> (1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch#Steam_powered_locomotion" title="William Murdoch">Murdoch's model steam carriage</a> (1784)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#Puffing_Devil" title="Richard Trevithick"><i>Puffing Devil</i></a> (1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Steam_Carriage" title="London Steam Carriage">London Steam Carriage</a> (1803)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#Coalbrookdale_Locomotive" title="Richard Trevithick">The Coalbrookdale locomotive</a> (1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#"Pen-y-Darren"_locomotive" title="Richard Trevithick">The Pen-y-Darren locomotive</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#"Newcastle"_locomotive" title="Richard Trevithick">The Newcastle locomotive</a> (1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catch_Me_Who_Can" title="Catch Me Who Can">Catch Me Who Can</a></i> (1808)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(locomotive)" title="Salamanca (locomotive)">Salamanca</a></i> (1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puffing_Billy_(locomotive)" title="Puffing Billy (locomotive)">Puffing Billy</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steam_Horse_locomotive" title="Steam Horse locomotive">Steam Horse</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%BCcher_(locomotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blücher (locomotive)">Blücher</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wylam_Dilly" title="Wylam Dilly">Wylam Dilly</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steam_Elephant" title="Steam Elephant">Steam Elephant</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Killingworth_locomotives" title="Killingworth locomotives">Killingworth Billy</a></i> (1816)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_(locomotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke (locomotive)">The Duke</a></i> (1817 or 1818)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locomotion_No._1" title="Locomotion No. 1">Locomotion No. 1</a></i> (1825)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Hackworth#The_Royal_George" title="Timothy Hackworth">The Royal George</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Witch" title="Lancashire Witch">Lancashire Witch</a></i> (1828)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twin_Sisters_(locomotive)" title="Twin Sisters (locomotive)">Twin Sisters</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agenoria_(locomotive)" title="Agenoria (locomotive)">Agenoria</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stourbridge_Lion" title="Stourbridge Lion">Stourbridge Lion</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainhill_trials" title="Rainhill trials">1829 Rainhill Trials locomotives</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Novelty_(locomotive)" title="Novelty (locomotive)">Novelty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sans_Pareil" title="Sans Pareil">Sans Pareil</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rocket</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(Rainhill_Trials)" title="Perseverance (Rainhill Trials)">Perseverance</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invicta_(locomotive)" title="Invicta (locomotive)">Invicta</a></i> (1829)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Hackworth" title="Timothy Hackworth">Timothy Hackworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hedley" title="William Hedley">William Hedley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch" title="William Murdoch">William Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Murray" title="Matthew Murray">Matthew Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Urpeth_Rastrick" title="John Urpeth Rastrick">John Urpeth Rastrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a></li> <li><a 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