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colspan="5"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="629"><tr><td class="pagedate">शुक्रवार, 08 सितंबर, 2006 को 09:20 GMT तक के समाचार</td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" alt=""></td></tr></table><div class="four"> </div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="629"><tr><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="203" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="10" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="416" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="emailandprint"><a target="Mailer" onclick="popmailwin('/cgi-bin/worldservice/ws_mailto.pl?GO=1&site=hindi&enc=utf-8','Mailer');" href="/web/20110815194453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cgi-bin/worldservice/ws_mailto.pl?GO=1&site=hindi&enc=utf-8"><span class="buttonpadding"><img height="11" border="0" width="17" alt="" title="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/furniture/ltr_email_icon.gif"></span>मित्र को भेजें</a></td><td> </td><td class="emailandprint"><a target="Printer" href="printable/060908_kamleshwar_journalism.shtml"><span class="buttonpadding"><img height="11" border="0" width="17" alt="" title="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/furniture/ltr_print_icon.gif"></span>कहानी छापें</a></td></tr></table><div class="storyheadline">पत्रकारिता की कालजयी परंपरा</div><div class="eight"> </div></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="3"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="416"><tr><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="58" height="8" border="0" alt=""></td><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="353" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr><tr valign="bottom"><td><img width="58" height="55" src="/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/2005/05/20050514164832kamleshwar_byline.jpg" alt=""></td><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td><span class="bylinename">कमलेश्वर</span><br><span class="bylinedescription">कथाकार और समीक्षक</span><div class="four"> </div></td></tr><tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><td colspan="3"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr></table><div class="eight"> </div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" align="right" width="208"><tr><td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" rowspan="2"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td><div><img src="/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/2006/08/20060810061108makhanlal_chaturvedi203.jpg" width="203" height="152" alt="माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी"></div></td></tr><tr><td class="caption">बीसवीं सदी के शुरु में कर्मवीर पत्रकारिता का सबसे सशक्त उदाहरण बना जिसके संपादक थे माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी</td></tr></table><div class="storytext"><b>हिंदी की समाचार पत्रकारिता का शुभारंभ 19वीं सदी के प्रारंभिक वर्षों में माना जाता है जब आज के कोलकाता और तबके कलकत्ता नगर से ‘उदंत मार्तण्ड’ नामक साप्ताहिक पत्र निकाला गया था. </b></div><p class="storytext">इस पत्र के शीर्षक का ही अर्थ था-चढ़ता हुआ सूर्य! लेकिन इसके प्रकाशन से पत्रकारिता की परंपरा की विधिवत शुरूआत नहीं हो सकी. यह हिंदी भाषा के निर्माण और संक्रमण का काल था. वाक्य विन्यास में क्रिया पदों के इस्तेमाल का स्थान तो तब तक तय हो चुका था पर भाषा का स्वरूप सुनिश्चित नहीं हुआ था.</p><p class="storytext">उत्तर भारत में तब मूल रूप से चार बोलियाँ जिन्हें मातृभाषा कहना चाहिए, प्रचलित थीं. वे थीं, हरियाणी, राजस्थानी, कौरवी (खड़ी बोली का क्षेत्र) और ब्रज (और सेनी का क्षेत्र). भाषा का स्वरूप सुनिश्चित तो कभी नहीं हो पाता पर जन समागम और स्थानीय काम धंधों तथा क्षेत्रीय व्यापार के साथ ही उसके शब्दों का स्थिरीकरण होने लगता है.</p><p class="storytext"><div id="quotebox"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="208" id="inlinebox" align="right" bgcolor="#E3EDF7"><tr><td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td><div class="inlineboxquote"><img border="0" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/furniture/800_left_quote.gif" width="18" height="13"> भरतेंदु युग हिंदी पत्रकारिता के इतिहास की गौरवपूर्ण अध्याय है. इसकी पीठिका में ही हिंदी पत्रकारिता के प्राणतत्व को पहचाना जा सकता है.<br clear="all"><img border="0" alt="" align="right" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/furniture/800_right_quote.gif" width="18" height="13"></div><div class="six"> </div><div class="inlineboxauthor"></div></td></tr></table></div></p><p class="storytext">भाषा की इसी स्थिति के कारण लेखन और पत्रकारिता की विधाएँ प्रतीक्षारत रहती हैं. यही हिंदी पत्रकारिता के साथ भी हुआ. पर यह पत्रकारिता का शून्य काल नहीं है. सन् 1880 से लेकर, सदी के अंत तक लखनऊ, प्रयाग, मिर्जापुर, वृंदावन, मुंबई, कोलकाता जैसे दूरदराज क्षेत्रों से पत्र निकलते रहे.</p><p class="storytext"><b>भारतेंदु युग</b></p><p class="storytext">19वीं सदी के उत्तरकाल में इतिहास प्रसिद्ध भारतेंदु युग का समारंभ हुआ. भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र ने हिंदी की साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता का शुभारंभ ‘हरिश्चंद्र पत्रिका’ और ‘कवि वचन सुधा’ से किया. यह हमारी हिंदी पत्रकारिता के इतिहास की गौरवपूर्ण अध्याय है. इसकी पीठिका में ही हिंदी पत्रकारिता के प्राणतत्व को पहचाना जा सकता है.</p><p class="storytext">हिंदी पत्रकारिता के क्षेत्र में हुई क्रांति की दृष्टि से यदि देखा जाए तो वर्ष 1900 सबसे महत्वपूर्ण वर्ष है. 20वीं सदी का आगाज़ ही पत्रकारिता से होता है. यह हिंदी पत्रकारिता के स्वर्णिम युग का उद्घाटन वर्ष है. सन्1900 में इंडियन प्रेस इलाहाबाद से ‘सरस्वती’ का और उसी वर्ष छत्तीसगढ़ प्रदेश के बिलासपुर-रायपुर से ‘छत्तीसगढ़ मित्र’ का प्रकाशन शुरू होता है. ‘सरस्वती’ के ख्यात संपादक आचार्य महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी और ‘छत्तीसगढ़ मित्र’ के संपादक पंडित माधवराव सप्रे थे.</p><p class="storytext">कभी-कभी प्रवृति की विशिष्टता के कारण इस नए दौर को मात्र साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता पर केंद्रित मान लिया जाता है, पर सच्चाई यह है कि बहुमुखी सांस्कृतिक नवजागरण का यह समुन्नत काल है. इसमें सामाजिक, आर्थिक, शैक्षिक, वैज्ञानिक और राजनीतिक लेखन की परंपरा का श्रीगणेश होता है.</p><p class="storytext">इस दौर में साहित्यिक लेखन और पत्रकारिता के सरोकारों को अलगाया नहीं जा सकता. अंग़्रेजों की दासता में बरबादी और अपमान झेलते भारत की दुर्दशा के कारणों की पहचान भारतेंदु काल से ही शुरू हो गई थी, इसे राजनीतिक और सांस्कृतिक सरोकारों से लोकमान्य बाल गंगाधर तिलक ने गहराई से जोड़ दिया.</p><p class="storytext"><b>भूमिगत पत्रकारिता</b></p><p class="storytext">सांस्कृतिक जागरण, राजनीतिक चेतना, साहित्यिक सरोकार और दमन का प्रतिकार इन चार पहियों के रथ पर हिंदी पत्रकारिता अग्रसर हुईं. माधवराव सप्रे ने लोकमान्य तिलक के मराठी केसरी को ‘हिंद केसरी’ के रूप में छापना शुरू किया. </p><p class="storytext"><div id="quotebox"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="208" id="inlinebox" align="right" bgcolor="#E3EDF7"><tr><td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td><div class="inlineboxquote"><img border="0" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/furniture/800_left_quote.gif" width="18" height="13"> अंग़्रेजों की दासता में बरबादी और अपमान झेलते भारत की दुर्दशा के कारणों की पहचान भारतेंदु काल से ही शुरू हो गई थी, इसे राजनीतिक और सांस्कृतिक सरोकारों से लोकमान्य बाल गंगाधर तिलक ने गहराई से जोड़ दिया.<br clear="all"><img border="0" alt="" align="right" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/furniture/800_right_quote.gif" width="18" height="13"></div><div class="six"> </div><div class="inlineboxauthor"></div></td></tr></table></div></p><p class="storytext">यहां बंगाल और पंजाब के क्रांतिकारियों के प्रयासों को अनदेखा नहीं किया जा सकता. उनकी पत्रकारिता का रूप अख़बारों या पत्रिका का नहीं था. वे भूमिगत रहकर पर्चे, पैंफलेट और पत्रक निकालते थे. दिल्ली असेंबली में गिरफ्तार होने से पहले अमर शहीद भगत सिंह ने जो पर्चा फेंका था, वह किस अख़बार से कम था! भूमिगत पत्रकारिता की इस अनियतकालीन परंपरा को इतिहास में शामिल किया जाना ज़रूरी है.</p><p class="storytext">भूमिगत परंपरा के क्रम में भूमिपर पत्रकारिता के सबसे सशक्त उदाहरण के रूप में मध्यप्रदेश क्षेत्र से ‘कर्मवीर’ सामने आया. इसके यशस्वी संपादक थे स्वतंतत्रता सेनानी और हिंदी के राष्ट्र कवि माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी. भूमिपर जो पत्रकारिता शुरू हुई उसे दमन, तथाकथित क़ानून, मुचलकों, जब्ती, जमानतों का सामना करना पड़ा. </p><p class="storytext">गाँधी जी की राजनीतिक प्रणाली ने कुछ भी भूमिगत नहीं रहने दिया. पत्रकारिता ने इस साहस को अपने प्राणतत्व के रूप में मंजूर किया. इसका ज्वलंत उदाहरण बना गणेश शंकर विद्यार्थी का ‘प्रताप’अख़बार. यह कानपुर से छपता था. इसी परंपरा में वाराणसी से बाबूराव विष्णु पराड़कर ने ‘दैनिक आज’ निकाला और आगरा से पालीवाल जी ने ‘सैनिक’.</p><p class="storytext">हिंदी पत्रकारिता के क्षेत्र में प्रेमचंद, निराला, बनारसीदास चतुर्वेदी, पांडेय बेचन शर्मा उग्र, शिवपूजन सहाय आदि की उपस्थिति ‘जागरण’, ‘हंस’, ‘माधुरी’, ‘अभ्युदय’, ‘मतवाला’, ‘विशाल भारत’ आदि के रूप में दर्ज है. और फिर है ‘चाँद’ की पत्रकारिता और उसका फाँसी अंक, जो सन् 1947 की आज़ादी के साथ संबद्ध है.</p><p class="storytext"><b>(क्रमश:)</b></p><div class="six"> </div></td><td> </td><td><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="203px"><tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td width="66px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="66" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td width="5px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td width="132px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="132" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><a href="/web/20110815194453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/entertainment/story/2006/08/060810_kamleshwar_column.shtml"><img width="66" height="66" border="0" src="/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/2006/08/20060810061209makhanlal_chaturvedi66.jpg" alt="माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी"></a></td><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td class="promotext"><a href="/web/20110815194453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/entertainment/story/2006/08/060810_kamleshwar_column.shtml"><b>कमलेश्वर की कलम से</b></a><br>कुछ नाम हैं जिनके बिना हिंदी की प्राणशाक्ति को पहचाना नहीं जा सकता. <div style="margin-top:4px;"></div></td></tr><tr><td class="four" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#999999"><td colspan="3"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td class="four" colspan="3"> </td></tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="203px"><tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td width="66px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="66" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td width="5px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td width="132px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="132" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><a href="/web/20110815194453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/regionalnews/story/2006/08/060802_kamleshwar_column.shtml"><img width="66" height="66" border="0" src="/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/2006/03/20060308114014khayyam66.jpg" alt="ख़य्याम "></a></td><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td class="promotext"><a href="/web/20110815194453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/regionalnews/story/2006/08/060802_kamleshwar_column.shtml"><b>कमलेश्वर की कलम से</b></a><br>थीम के प्रति छुआ-छूती रवैए के कारण ख़य्याम को पंडितजी पुकारा जाता था. <div style="margin-top:4px;"></div></td></tr><tr><td class="four" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#999999"><td colspan="3"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td class="four" colspan="3"> </td></tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="203px"><tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td width="66px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="66" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td width="5px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td width="132px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="132" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><a href="/web/20110815194453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/regionalnews/story/2006/07/060727_column_kamleshwar.shtml"><img width="66" height="66" border="0" src="/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/images/2004/06/20040610120051naushad66.jpg" alt="नौशाद"></a></td><td><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td class="promotext"><a href="/web/20110815194453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/regionalnews/story/2006/07/060727_column_kamleshwar.shtml"><b>कमलेश्वर की कलम से</b></a><br>नौशाद एक महान संगीतकार होने के साथ साथ शायर और कहानीकार भी थे.<div style="margin-top:4px;"></div></td></tr><tr><td class="four" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#999999"><td colspan="3"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td class="four" colspan="3"> </td></tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="203px"><tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td width="66px"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194453im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/f/t.gif" width="66" height="1" border="0" alt=""></td><td width="5px"><img 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