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href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osobina_(softverski_dizajn)" title="Osobina (softverski dizajn) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Osobina (softverski dizajn)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nduni" title="Nduni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nduni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD" title="ソフトウェア機能 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソフトウェア機能" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Gimp_tutorial_speechbubbles17.png/220px-Gimp_tutorial_speechbubbles17.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Gimp_tutorial_speechbubbles17.png 1.5x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="229" /></a><figcaption>"Distress Selection" software feature in the photo editing program <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XtermMenus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/XtermMenus.png/220px-XtermMenus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/XtermMenus.png/330px-XtermMenus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/XtermMenus.png/440px-XtermMenus.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Menu showing a list of available features in the <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> <a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulator</a> program <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>, a <b>feature</b> is an identifiable characteristic of a <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer program</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_feature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term feature means the same for software as it does for any kind of system. For example, the British Royal Navy's <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dreadnought_(1906)" title="HMS Dreadnought (1906)">HMS Dreadnought (1906)</a> was considered an important milestone in naval technology because of its advanced features that did not exist in <a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleships" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-dreadnought battleships">pre-dreadnought battleships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Feature also applies to computer <a href="/wiki/Electronic_hardware" title="Electronic hardware">hardware</a>. In the early history of computers, devices such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/PDP-7" title="PDP-7">PDP-7</a> minicomputer (created in 1964) was noted for having a wealth of features, such as being the first version of the PDP minicomputer series to use <a href="/wiki/Wire_wrap" title="Wire wrap">wire wrap</a>, as well as being the first to use the proprietary DEC <a href="/wiki/Flip-Chip_module" title="Flip-Chip module">Flip-Chip module</a> which was invented in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Feature also applies to concepts such as a programming language. The <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> programming language is well-known for its feature of using <a href="/wiki/Whitespace_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitespace characters">whitespace characters</a> (spaces and tabs) instead of <a href="/wiki/Curly_braces" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly braces">curly braces</a> to indicate different blocks of code.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another similar high-level, object oriented programming language, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, is noteworthy for using the symbols "@" and "$" to highlight different variable scopes, which the developers claim improves code readability. Its developers also claim that one of its important features is a high amount of flexibility.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> (IEEE) defines feature in the (obsolete) standard for software test documentation <a href="/wiki/IEEE_829" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 829">IEEE 829</a> as a "distinguishing characteristic of a software item (e.g., performance, portability, or functionality)".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although feature is typically used for a positive aspect of a software system, a <a href="/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">software bug</a> is also a feature but with negative value. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_feature&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The terminal emulator <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a> has many notable features, including compatibility with the <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a>, the ability to emulate a VT220 and VT320<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terminal with ANSI color, and the ability to input <a href="/wiki/Escape_sequences" class="mw-redirect" title="Escape sequences">escape sequences</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">computer mouse</a> or other similar device, and the ability to run on multiple different <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/AIX" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feature-rich_and_feature_creep">Feature-rich and feature creep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_feature&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Feature-rich and feature creep"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Feature-rich</i> describes a software system as having many options and capabilities. </p><p>One mechanism for introducing feature-rich software to the user is the concept of <a href="/wiki/Progressive_disclosure" title="Progressive disclosure">progressive disclosure</a>, a technique where features are introduced gradually as they become required, to reduce the potential confusion caused by displaying a wealth of features at once.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometimes, feature-rich is considered a negative attribute. The terms <a href="/wiki/Feature_creep" title="Feature creep">feature creep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_bloat" title="Software bloat">software bloat</a>, and <i>featuritis</i> refer to software that is <i>overly</i> feature-rich.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of excessive inclusion of features is in some cases a result of <a href="/wiki/Design_by_committee" title="Design by committee">design by committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To counteract the tendency of software developers to add additional, unnecessary features, the <a href="/wiki/Unix_philosophy" title="Unix philosophy">Unix philosophy</a> was developed in the 1970s by <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a> employees working on the <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> operating system such as <a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a>. The philosophy can be summarized as: software programs should generally only complete one primary task and that "small is beautiful".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_feature&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature-oriented_programming" title="Feature-oriented programming">Feature-oriented programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_family_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Product family engineering">Product family engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_testing" title="Software testing">Software testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_lifecycle_management" title="Application lifecycle management">Application lifecycle management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_creep" title="Feature creep">Feature creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_creep" title="Scope creep">Scope creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overengineering" title="Overengineering">Overengineering</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_feature&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Erlbaum Associates. 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89859-781-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-89859-781-1"><bdi>0-89859-781-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12665902">12665902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=User+centered+system+design%3A+new+perspectives+on+human-computer+interaction&rft.place=Hillsdale%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=L.+Erlbaum+Associates&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12665902&rft.isbn=0-89859-781-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F12665902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoftware+feature" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/book/the-glossary-of-human-computer-interaction/featuritis-or-creeping-featurism">"Featuritis (or creeping featurism)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Featuritis+%28or+creeping+featurism%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaction-design.org%2Fliterature%2Fbook%2Fthe-glossary-of-human-computer-interaction%2Ffeaturitis-or-creeping-featurism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoftware+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrystallisLocatelli2022" class="citation journal cs1">Krystallis, Ilias; Locatelli, Giorgio (2022-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29ME.1943-5479.0001079">"Normalizing White-Collar Wrongdoing in Professional Service Firms"</a>. <i>Journal of Management in Engineering</i>. <b>38</b> (5): 04022049. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%29ME.1943-5479.0001079">10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0001079</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11311%2F1228318">11311/1228318</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1943-5479">1943-5479</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250326876">250326876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Management+in+Engineering&rft.atitle=Normalizing+White-Collar+Wrongdoing+in+Professional+Service+Firms&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=04022049&rft.date=2022-09-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11311%2F1228318&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250326876%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1943-5479&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1061%2F%28ASCE%29ME.1943-5479.0001079&rft.aulast=Krystallis&rft.aufirst=Ilias&rft.au=Locatelli%2C+Giorgio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fascelibrary.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1061%2F%2528ASCE%2529ME.1943-5479.0001079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoftware+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoug_McIlroyE._N._PinsonB._A._Tague1978" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Doug_McIlroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Doug McIlroy">Doug McIlroy</a>; E. N. Pinson; B. A. Tague (8 July 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bstj57-6-1899/mode/2up">"Unix Time-Sharing System: Foreword"</a>. <i>The Bell System Technical Journal</i>. Bell Laboratories: 1902–1903.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bell+System+Technical+Journal&rft.atitle=Unix+Time-Sharing+System%3A+Foreword&rft.pages=1902-1903&rft.date=1978-07-08&rft.au=Doug+McIlroy&rft.au=E.+N.+Pinson&rft.au=B.+A.+Tague&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbstj57-6-1899%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoftware+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2877">"The Unix Philosophy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Unix+Philosophy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxjournal.com%2Farticle%2F2877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoftware+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_feature&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ieee.org/">Official IEEE website</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Software_feature&oldid=1242240292">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Software_feature&oldid=1242240292</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_features" title="Category:Software features">Software features</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">CS1 maint: others</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 August 2024, at 19:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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