CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html><head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14718.html","20100531045400","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1275281640"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta name="htdig-keywords" content=""> <title>Commerce by a Frozen Sea | Carlos, Ann M. and Frank D. Lewis</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20100531045400im_/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/assets/favicon.ico"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20100531045400cs_/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/assets/bookstyle-current.css"> </head> <body> <div id="wrapper"> <img src="/web/20100531045400im_/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/img/bookheader-current.jpg" width="945" height="92" border="0" alt="book menu" usemap="#book_map"> <map name="book_map"> <area shape="rect" alt="Penn Press home page" coords="42,21,469,70" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/"> <area shape="rect" alt="New Books" coords="502,20,574,33" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/current/index.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Search Options" coords="502,34,600,47" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/catalog.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Journals" coords="502,49,555,63" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://journals.pennpress.org/"> <area shape="rect" alt="About Penn Press" coords="502,64,615,78" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/about/index.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="For Authors" coords="630,20,705,33" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/author.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Exam & Review Copies" coords="630,34,775,47" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/review.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Rights & Permissions" coords="630,49,769,63" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/about/permissions.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Ordering" coords="630,64,685,78" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/order/index.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Contact Us" coords="790,20,860,33" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/contact.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Join Our Mailing List" coords="790,34,925,47" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/mailinglist.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Related Web Sites" coords="790,49,905,63" href="/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/links.html"> <area shape="rect" alt="Your Shopping Cart" coords="790,64,915,77" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/ecom/MasterServlet/ViewCartHandler?domain=upenn.edu"> </map>  <div id="left"> <img src="/web/20100531045400im_/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/img/covers/14718.jpg" alt="Commerce by a Frozen Sea" class="book"> <div id="google"> Search the full text of this book: <form method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://books.google.com/books/p/pennpress" name="books_search" target="googlebookpage" class="googleform"> <input type="text" name="q" size="21" maxlength="255" value="" class="googleinput"> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="EN"><br> <input type="hidden" name="vid" value="9780812242317"> <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="Go" class="gogoogle"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://books.google.com/intl/com/googlebooks/about.html" target="_blank">Powered by Google</a>™ </form> </div> </div> <div id="main"> <h1>Commerce by a Frozen Sea<br>Native Americans and the European Fur Trade</h1> <h2>Ann M. Carlos and Frank D. Lewis</h2> <p>264 pages | 6 x 9 | 25 illus. <br>Cloth 2010 | ISBN 978-0-8122-4231-7 | $49.95s | £32.50 | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/ecom/MasterServlet/AddToCartFromExternalHandler?item=9780812242317&domain=upenn.edu"><font color="#CC3300">Add to cart</font></a></p> <p>"A well-researched and deftly written economic history of the eighteenth-century fur trade."—Timothy Shannon, Gettysburg College<p><i>Commerce by a Frozen Sea</i> is a cross-cultural study of a century of contact between North American native peoples and Europeans. During the eighteenth century, the natives of the Hudson Bay lowlands and their European trading partners were brought together by an increasingly popular trade in furs, destined for the hat and fur markets of Europe. Native Americans were the sole trappers of furs, which they traded to English and French merchants. The trade gave Native Americans access to new European technologies that were integrated into Indian lifeways. What emerges from this detailed exploration is a story of two equal partners involved in a mutually beneficial trade.<p>Drawing on more than seventy years of trade records from the archives of the Hudson's Bay Company, economic historians Ann M. Carlos and Frank D. Lewis critique and confront many of the myths commonly held about the nature and impact of commercial trade. Extensively documented are the ways in which natives transformed the trading environment and determined the range of goods offered to them. Natives were effective bargainers who demanded practical items such as firearms, kettles, and blankets as well as luxuries like cloth, jewelry, and tobacco—goods similar to those purchased by Europeans. Surprisingly little alcohol was traded. Indeed, <i>Commerce by a Frozen Sea</i> shows that natives were industrious people who achieved a standard of living above that of most workers in Europe. Although they later fell behind, the eighteenth century was, for Native Americans, a golden age.<p><b>Ann M. Carlos</b> is Professor of Economics at the University of Colorado at Boulder and University College, Dublin. <b>Frank D. Lewis</b> is Professor of Economics at Queen's University, Ontario.</p> <p><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400js_/http://w.sharethis.com/widget/?tabs=web%2Cpost%2Cemail&charset=utf-8&style=default&publisher=7ba12b28-67a0-423f-8c97-decaeb07f056"></script> | View your <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/ecom/MasterServlet/ViewCartHandler?domain=upenn.edu"><font color="#CC3300">shopping cart</font></a> | Browse Penn Press titles in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/complete/america.html" target="_blank"><font color="#CC3300">American History, American Studies</font></a></p> <br><br><br> <font size="-1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/">Penn Press</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/about/privacy.html">Site Use and Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://www.upenn.edu/">University of Pennsylvania</a> <br><font color="#B4B4B4">Copyright © 2010 University of Pennsylvania Press. All rights reserved.</font></font> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/https://ssl." : "https://web.archive.org/web/20100531045400/http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src=\'" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{ var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-8776726-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {} </script> </body> </html>