CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>INTERNATIONAL FENCING FEDERATION - The International Fencing Federation official website</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us"><meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, width=device-width"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="no"><meta name="description" content="The FIE (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) is the governing body of the Olympic sport of Fencing on a global level. The FIE has 150 national member federations and is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Fencing is one of four sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games. Three types of weapons are used in Olympic Fencing: Foil, Epee and Sabre. All three weapons are practised by both men and women. "><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@FIE_fencing"><meta name="twitter:title" content="INTERNATIONAL FENCING FEDERATION - The International Fencing Federation official website"><meta name="twitter:description" content="The FIE (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) is the governing body of the Olympic sport of Fencing on a global level. The FIE has 150 national member federations and is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Fencing is one of four sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games. Three types of weapons are used in Olympic Fencing: Foil, Epee and Sabre. All three weapons are practised by both men and women. "><meta name="twitter:image" content="/bg-default.png"><meta name="twitter:url" content="http://fie.org/fie/fencing-history"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="INTERNATIONAL FENCING FEDERATION - The International Fencing Federation official website"><meta property="og:title" content="INTERNATIONAL FENCING FEDERATION - The International Fencing Federation official website"><meta property="og:description" content="The FIE (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) is the governing body of the Olympic sport of Fencing on a global level. The FIE has 150 national member federations and is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Fencing is one of four sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games. Three types of weapons are used in Olympic Fencing: Foil, Epee and Sabre. All three weapons are practised by both men and women. "><meta property="og:image" content="/bg-default.png"><meta property="og:url" content="http://fie.org/fie/fencing-history"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/img/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/img/icons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/img/icons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"><link rel="manifest" href="/img/icons/manifest.json"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/img/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/icons/favicon.ico"><meta name="msapplication-config" content="/img/icons/browserconfig.xml"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style-newlayout.css"><script>(function(d) { var config = { kitId: 'yiv5mbp', scriptTimeout: 3000, async: true }, h=d.documentElement,t=setTimeout(function(){h.className=h.className.replace(/\\bwf-loading\b/g,"")+" wf-inactive";},config.scriptTimeout),tk=d.createElement("script"),f=false,s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],a;h.className+=" wf-loading";tk.src='https://use.typekit.net/'+config.kitId+'.js';tk.async=true;tk.onload=tk.onreadystatechange=function(){a=this.readyState;if(f||a&&a!="complete"&&a!="loaded")return;f=true;clearTimeout(t);try{Typekit.load(config)}catch(e){}};s.parentNode.insertBefore(tk,s) })(document); </script><script id="js-locale">window.__translations__ = {"Active":"Active","Not active":"Not active","Activity":"Activity","Temporary Ranks":"Temporary Ranks","Parallel Rankings (Feb 2021)":"Parallel Rankings","Rankings (Frozen until end of February 2021)":"Rankings (Frozen until resuming qualification)","(if available)":"(if available)","(format: day, month, year, e.g. 01.10.2010)":"(format: day, month, year, e.g. 01.10.2010)","IOC Materials on Safe Sport:":"IOC Materials on Safe Sport:","IOC Athletes Safeguarding Course (Athlete Learning Gateway: e-learning)":"IOC Athletes Safeguarding Course (Athlete Learning Gateway: e-learning)","IOC Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport":"IOC Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport","Female Athlete Health Tool: interactive tool":"Female Athlete Health Tool: interactive tool","IOC Toolkit page":"IOC Toolkit page","On-line FIE reporting form":"On-line FIE reporting form","If you wish to report an incident when you may have been the victim of, or have witnessed, harassment and/or abuse during an FIE Competition,":"If you wish to report an incident when you may have been the victim of, or have witnessed, harassment and/or abuse during an FIE Competition,","please fill in the following form:":"please fill in the following form:","For any other question, please contact the FIE Safeguarding Officer ":"For any other question, please contact the FIE Safeguarding Officer ","HARASSMENT / ABUSE IN FENCING":"HARASSMENT / ABUSE IN FENCING","ANONYMITY":"ANONYMITY","Any person can request to stay anonymous and such request will be respected by the FIE.":"Any person can request to stay anonymous and such request will be respected by the FIE.","However, we encourage that personal information is disclosed to enable appropriate follow up.":"However, we encourage that personal information is disclosed to enable appropriate follow up.","I wish to remain anonymous":"I wish to remain anonymous","No":"No","Yes":"Yes","YOUR PERSONAL DETAILS":"YOUR PERSONAL DETAILS","First Name":"First Name","Last Name":"Last Name","E-mail":"E-mail","Organisation to which you are affiliated":"Organisation to which you are affiliated","(e.g. international federation, national federation/club/association, local organising committee, other, please specify ...)":"(e.g. international federation, national federation/club/association, local organising committee, other, please specify&mldr;)","SELECT NATIONALITY":"SELECT NATIONALITY","Contact Phone Number":"Contact Phone Number","City where you currently live":"City where you currently live","TELL US ABOUT THE INDIVIDUAL OR ENTITY YOU WANT TO REPORT":"TELL US ABOUT THE INDIVIDUAL OR ENTITY YOU WANT TO REPORT","Name of individual or entity reported on":"Name of individual or entity reported on","SELECT COUNTRY":"SELECT COUNTRY","Any Contact Information":"Any Contact Information","TELL US ABOUT THE CASE":"TELL US ABOUT THE CASE","Please describe the case in as much detail as possible.":"Please describe the case in as much detail as possible.","What happened?":"What happened?","When did it happen?":"When did it happen?","Do you think or know it will happen again?":"Do you think or know it will happen again?","Do other people know of this offence and could have additional information about it?":"Do other people know of this offence and could have additional information about it?","Do you have any evidence material relating to the offense?":"Do you have any evidence material relating to the offense?","Please detail any other information about the offence":"Please detail any other information about the offence","I hereby state that all information contained within this Report is true and agree that the Report":"I hereby state that all information contained within this Report is true and agree that the Report","will be submitted to the FIE Safeguarding Officer.":"will be submitted to the FIE Safeguarding Officer.","I have read and understood the ":"I have read and understood the ","personal data information notice":"personal data information notice","* Mandatory fields":"* Mandatory fields","SEND":"SEND","Clothing & mask":"Clothing & mask","Weapons & software":"Weapons & software","Scoring machines & communications":"Scoring machines & communications","YES":"YES","NO":"NO","Do you believe that the following should be required at all competitions and venues:":"Do you believe that the following should be required at all competitions and venues:","Water and food available for purchase":"Water and food available for purchase","Equipment vendors":"Equipment vendors","Prize money for finalists":"Prize money for finalists","Pistes should never be placed directly on concrete or hard flooring":"Pistes should never be placed directly on concrete or hard flooring","City":"City","The FIE continuously strives to improve the level of competitions and provide you with the best-possible conditions to reach your goals. Please feel free to send us feedback regarding competitions in which you participated. \n\nTo do so, all you need to do is select the competition in which you fenced and enter your license number. You will then receive a unique code delivered to the email address registered in your FIE profile. \n\nWith this code, you will be able to log in to the questionnaire and send us your feedback.":"The FIE continuously strives to improve the level of competitions and provide you with the best-possible conditions to reach your goals. Please feel free to send us feedback regarding competitions in which you participated. \n\nTo do so, all you need to do is select the competition in which you fenced and enter your license number. You will then receive a unique code delivered to the email address registered in your FIE profile. \n\nWith this code, you will be able to log in to the questionnaire and send us your feedback.","Transportation to/from the airport":"Transportation to/from the airport","Frequency and number of busses to/from competition venue to/from host hotels":"Frequency and number of busses to/from competition venue to/from host hotels","Available competition information posted at the host hotels":"Available competition information posted at the host hotels","Warm up area: space available and number of pistes":"Warm up area: space available and number of pistes","Seating area: comfortable, and enough room for seating, spectators, and fencing bags":"Seating area: comfortable, and enough room for seating, spectators, and fencing bags","Flooring underneath pistes in warm up area (not directly on concrete?)":"Flooring underneath pistes in warm up area (not directly on concrete?)","Flooring underneath pistes in main competition hall (not directly on concrete?)":"Flooring underneath pistes in main competition hall (not directly on concrete?)","Environment of competition hall: for example, too hot, too cold, good/bad lighting":"Environment of competition hall: for example, too hot, too cold, good/bad lighting","Available time, efficiency, and professionalism of weapon control":"Available time, efficiency, and professionalism of weapon control","Quality of refereeing":"Quality of refereeing","Functionality and efficiency of video replay system":"Functionality and efficiency of video replay system","Functionality of scoring apparatus":"Functionality of scoring apparatus","Start time for poules":"Start time for poules","Start time for tableau 64":"Start time for tableau 64","Time in between round of 64, 32, 16, 8":"Time in between round of 64, 32, 16, 8","Time in between round of 8 and":"Time in between round of 8 and","Awards presentation":"Awards presentation","Start time for team event (if applicable)":"Start time for team event (if applicable)","Overall satisfaction with the organization and professionalism of this competition":"Overall satisfaction with the organization and professionalism of this competition","%s Interview":"%s Interview","%s Interview', 'Park Sangyoung":"%s Interview', 'Park Sangyoung","wfd_date":"08 September 2018","18 Aug 2017":"18 Aug 2017","genderLevelWeaponLabel":"%1$s %2$s %3$s","genderLevelWeaponTypeLabel":"%1$s %2$s %3$s %4$s","About FIE":"About FIE","About the FIE":"About the FIE","administration":"administration","Administrative Rules":"Administrative Rules","Administrative Department":"Administrative Department","Sports Department":"Sports Department","AFGHANISTAN":"AFGHANISTAN","age":"age","Age":"Age","ALBANIA":"ALBANIA","Algeria":"Algeria","ALGERIA":"ALGERIA","All":"All","All age groups":"All age groups","All event types":"All event types","All videos":"All videos","Annual reports of executive committee":"Annual reports of executive committee","Answered by %s":"Answered by %s","Anti-doping Documents":"Anti-doping Documents","Anti-doping Links":"Anti-doping Links","Anti-doping Prohibited":"Anti-doping Prohibited","Anti-doping Rtp":"Anti-doping Rtp","Anti-doping Rules":"Anti-doping Rules","Anti-Doping Sub-Committee":"Anti-Doping Sub-Committee","anti-doping sub-committee":"anti-doping sub-committee","ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA":"ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA","ARGENTINA":"ARGENTINA","ARMENIA":"ARMENIA","Articles":"Articles","ARUBA":"ARUBA","Athlete Bio":"Athlete Bio","Athletes":"Athletes","athletes":"athletes","Athletes & Rankings":"Athletes & Rankings","AUSTRALIA":"AUSTRALIA","AUSTRIA":"AUSTRIA","AZERBAIJAN":"AZERBAIJAN","BAHAMAS":"BAHAMAS","BAHRAIN":"BAHRAIN","BANGLADESH":"BANGLADESH","BARBADOS":"BARBADOS","BELARUS":"BELARUS","BELGIUM":"BELGIUM","BELIZE":"BELIZE","BENIN":"BENIN","BERMUDA":"BERMUDA","Best of":"Best of","Bio":"Bio","Birthdate":"Birthdate","BOLIVIA":"BOLIVIA","Born":"Born","BOTSWANA":"BOTSWANA","BRAZIL":"BRAZIL","bronze":"bronze","Browse":"Browse","BRUNEI DARUSSALAM":"BRUNEI DARUSSALAM","BULGARIA":"BULGARIA","Bureau and Executive Committee":"Bureau and Executive Committee","BURKINA FASO":"BURKINA FASO","By Year":"By Year","cadet":"cadet","Cadet":"Cadet","CAMBODIA":"CAMBODIA","CAMEROON":"CAMEROON","CANADA":"CANADA","cancel":"cancel","Category":"Category","Check out the FIE Hall of Fame":"Check out the FIE Hall of Fame","CHILE":"CHILE","CHINA":"CHINA","CHINESE TAIPEI":"CHINESE TAIPEI","Clean Sport":"Clean Sport","Close":"Close","close":"close","Coach(es)":"Coach(es)","Coaches":"Coaches","Coaches Council":"Coaches Council","coaches council":"coaches council","COLOMBIA":"COLOMBIA","Commissions":"Commissions","Commissions and Councils":"Commissions and Councils","Commissions/Councils":"Commissions/Councils","communication, marketing, tv":"communication, marketing, tv","Compare Fencers":"Compare Fencers","Compare two fencers head-to-head to see how they stack up against each other.":"Compare two fencers head-to-head to see how they stack up against each other.","Competition":"Competition","Competitions":"Competitions","Confederations and National Federations":"Confederations and National Federations","CONGO":"CONGO","Congress":"Congress","Contact Us":"Contact Us","Contract all pools":"Contract all pools","COSTA RICA":"COSTA RICA","COTE D'AZUR":"COTE D'AZUR","COTE D'IVOIRE":"COTE D'IVOIRE","countries":"countries","Country":"Country","country":"country","CROATIA":"CROATIA","CUBA":"CUBA","Current Residence":"Current Residence","CYPRUS":"CYPRUS","CZECH REPUBLIC":"CZECHIA","CZECHIA":"CZECHIA","Date":"Date","DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO":"DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO","DENMARK":"DENMARK","departments":"departments","Development":"Development","Disciplinary Panel":"Disciplinary Panel","disciplinary panel":"disciplinary panel","Discover":"Discover","Discover Fencing":"Discover Fencing","Documents":"Documents","Documents of commissions & councils":"Documents of commissions & councils","DOMINICA":"DOMINICA","DOMINICAN REPUBLIC":"DOMINICAN REPUBLIC","Donate":"Donate","Donate Your Fencing Gear":"Donate Your Fencing Gear","Donate Your Gear":"Donate Your Gear","Donors":"Donors","Download":"Download","Download Brand Guidelines":"Download Brand Guidelines","Downloads":"Downloads","DT President/Event Manager":"DT President/Event Manager","e-mail":"e-mail","ECUADOR":"ECUADOR","EGYPT":"EGYPT","EL SALVADOR":"EL SALVADOR","Email %s":"Email %s","End":"End","End day":"End day","English":"English","epee":"epee","Epee":"Epee","Épée":"Epee","EQUATORIAL GUINEA":"EQUATORIAL GUINEA","Equipment":"Equipment","Equipment and homologation":"Equipment and homologation","Español":"Español","ESTONIA":"ESTONIA","Ethics Committee":"Ethics Committee","ethics committee":"ethics committee","Eurosport":"Eurosport","Event":"Event","Events":"Events","Executive Committee":"Executive Committee","Expand all pools":"Expand all pools","Explore":"Explore","Explore #fencingday on Instagram":"Explore #fencingday on Instagram","Explore #fencingday on Twitter":"Explore #fencingday on Twitter","Explore Fencing in Your Country":"Explore Fencing in Your Country","Fair Play":"Fair Play","fair play":"fair play","fax:":"fax:","Featured News":"Featured News","Featured Stories":"Featured Stories","Features":"Features","Federations not found":"Federations not found","Female":"Female","fencer":"fencer","Fencer profile":"Fencer profile","fencers from":"fencers from","Fencing 101":"Fencing 101","Fencing Actions":"Fencing Actions","Fencing Grand Prix":"Fencing Grand Prix","Fencing History":"Fencing History","FENCING TOGETHER, UNIVERSAL FENCING":"FENCING TOGETHER, UNIVERSAL FENCING","Fencing Together, Universal Fencing":"Fencing Together, Universal Fencing","FIE":"FIE","FIE - International Fencing Federation":"FIE - International Fencing Federation","FIE 100":"FIE 100","FIE Calendar":"FIE Calendar","FIE Executive Commitee":"FIE Executive Commitee","FIE Executive Committee":"FIE Executive Committee","FIE Fencing Grand Prix":"FIE Fencing Grand Prix","FIE History":"FIE History","FIE Information Letters":"FIE Information Letters","FIE office":"FIE office","FIE Office Structure":"FIE Structure","FIE Presidents":"FIE Presidents","FIE President":"FIE President","FIE Urgent Letters":"FIE Urgent Letters","Final Results":"Final Ranking","Finals":"Finals","Find a Club near You":"Find a Club near You","Find clubs in":"Find clubs in","FINLAND":"FINLAND","First Traces of Fencing":"First Traces of Fencing","Foil":"Foil","foil":"foil","Follow":"Follow","Follow Us":"Follow Us","Footer-copyright":"© 2017 FIE International Fencing Federation. All Rights Reserved. No part of this site may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any way or by any means (including photocopying, recording or storing it in any medium by electronic means), without the written permission of FIE International Fencing Federation.","For physical qualities, fencers need - Speed, endurance, strength. For mental qualities, fencers need - Killer instincts, anticipation and patience.":"For physical qualities, fencers need - Speed, endurance, strength. For mental qualities, fencers need - Killer instincts, anticipation and patience.","Français":"Français","FRANCE":"FRANCE","France":"France","From":"From","Further Personal Information":"Further Personal Information","GABON":"GABON","Gender":"Gender","General Interest":"General Interest","General Ranks":"General Ranks","GEORGIA":"GEORGIA","GERMANY":"GERMANY","Get notifications":"Get notifications","Get notifications for":"Get notifications for","Get the opportunity to watch some of the best fencers in the world:":"Get the opportunity to watch some of the best fencers in the world:","GHANA":"GHANA","Global Calendar":"Global Calendar","Go in-depth with Escrime XXI":"Go in-depth with Escrime XXI","Go in-depth with the FIE magazine Escrime":"Go in-depth with the FIE magazine Escrime","gold":"gold","Grand Prix":"Grand Prix","grand prix":"grand prix","Grand prix competitions, individual team world cups":"Grand prix competitions, individual team world cups","grand prix entered":"grand prix entered","grand prix medals":"grand prix medals","Grand Prix Series":"Grand Prix Series","GREAT BRITAIN":"GREAT BRITAIN","Greece":"Greece","GREECE":"GREECE","GUAM":"GUAM","GUATEMALA":"GUATEMALA","GUINEA":"GUINEA","GUYANA":"GUYANA","HAITI":"HAITI","Hall of Fame":"Hall of Fame","Hand":"Hand","hand":"hand","Hand_L":"L","Hand_R":"R","Handbooks of regulations":"Handbooks of regulations","Head to Head":"Head to Head","Head-to-Head":"Head-to-Head","Height":"Height","height":"height","Help Documents":"Help Documents","Help documents":"Help documents","History":"History","History of Fencing":"History of Fencing","history.title1":"The first traces of fencing","history.title2":"The Pharaohs invent the mask and the competition","history.title3":"The Games of the Olympe","HONDURAS":"HONDURAS","HONG KONG":"HONG KONG","How did you choose your weapon?":"How did you choose your weapon?","HR":"HR","HS":"HS","HS/HR":"HS/HR","HUNGARY":"HUNGARY","I fence faster and am a little more aggressive on the strip so sabre fit my personality,":"I fence faster and am a little more aggressive on the strip so sabre fit my personality,","I fenced epee for 3 years and then at 16 my high school team needed a sabre fencer. I switched to sabre because I was good at it.":"I fenced epee for 3 years and then at 16 my high school team needed a sabre fencer. I switched to sabre because I was good at it.","ICELAND":"ICELAND","INDIA":"INDIA","individual":"individual","Individual":"Individual","INDONESIA":"INDONESIA","Info":"Info","Inside FIE":"Inside FIE","Instagram":"Instagram","international events planned for 2017":"international events planned for 2017","Introduction to Fencing":"Introduction to Fencing","Invitation":"Invitation","IRAN":"IRAN","IRAQ":"IRAQ","IRELAND":"IRELAND","ISRAEL":"ISRAEL","ITALY":"ITALY","JAMAICA":"JAMAICA","JAPAN":"JAPAN","john@email.com":"john@email.com","Join Us":"Join Us","Join us in celebrating":"Join us in celebrating","Join us in celebrating #fencingday":"Join us in celebrating #fencingday","JORDAN":"JORDAN","Junior":"Junior","junior":"junior","Junior Mixed Teams":"Junior Mixed Teams","KAZAKHSTAN":"KAZAKHSTAN","KOREA":"KOREA","KUWAIT":"KUWAIT","KYRGYZSTAN":"KYRGYZSTAN","Latest Results":"Latest Results","Latest Videos & Photos":"Latest Videos & Photos","LATVIA":"LATVIA","Learn Fencing":"Learn Fencing","Learn more":"Learn more","Learn more about %s":"Learn more about %s","Learn More About the Sport":"Learn More About the Sport","LEBANON":"LEBANON","Legal":"Legal","legal":"legal","Letters":"Letters","LIBYA":"LIBYA","License":"License","License Number":"License Number","Links":"Links","LITHUANIA":"LITHUANIA","Local Club":"Local Club","Location":"Location","Login":"Login","Loss":"Loss","loss":"loss","Live Results":"Live Results","LUXEMBOURG":"LUXEMBOURG","MACAO":"MACAO","MADAGASCAR":"MADAGASCAR","Magazine":"Magazine","Magazines":"Magazines","Male":"Male","MALAYSIA":"MALAYSIA","MALI":"MALI","MALTA":"MALTA","Manufacturers":"Manufacturers","Matchup History":"Matchup History","MAURITANIA":"MAURITANIA","MAURITIUS":"MAURITIUS","Medals":"Medals","Media":"Media","Media & Press":"Media & Press","Media & Sponsor Info":"Media & Sponsor Info","Media Kit":"Media Kit","media-sponsors-about.paragraph1":"The FIE (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) is the governing body of the Olympic sport of Fencing on a global level. The FIE has 150 national member federations and is based in Lausanne, Switzerland.","media-sponsors-about.paragraph2":"Fencing is one of four sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games. Three types of weapons are used in Olympic Fencing: Foil, Epee and Sabre. All three weapons are practised by both men and women.","Media/Sponsors":"Media/Sponsors","Medical":"Medical","medical":"medical","Meetings":"Meetings","Meetings and Events":"Meetings and Events","Meetings and Events for %s":"Meetings and Events for %s","Members of Honour":"Members of Honour","Men":"Men","men":"men","men's":"men's","Men/Women":"Men/Women","Menu":"Menu","MEXICO":"MEXICO","Minutes of the congress":"Minutes of the congress","Modern Fencing":"Modern Fencing","MOLDOVA":"MOLDOVA","MONACO":"MONACO","MONGOLIA":"MONGOLIA","More Info":"More Info","More info":"More info","More options":"More options","More Stories":"More Stories","MOROCCO":"MOROCCO","MYANMAR":"MYANMAR","Name":"Name","name":"name","NAMIBIA":"NAMIBIA","nationality":"nationality","Nationality":"Nationality","NEPAL":"NEPAL","NETHERLANDS":"NETHERLANDS","Never miss a moment":"Never miss a moment","New to Fencing":"New to Fencing","New to Fencing?":"New to Fencing?","New to fencing?":"New to fencing?","NEW ZEALAND":"NEW ZEALAND","new-to-fencing.actions.paragraph1":"There are numerous actions and terms unique to fencing.","new-to-fencing.actions.paragraph2":"<strong>Preparation</strong> is any action that precedes an attack by a fencer.","new-to-fencing.actions.paragraph3":"An <strong>attack in preparation</strong> is when a fencer attacks during the preparation of their opponent.","new-to-fencing.actions.paragraph4":"A <strong>parry</strong> is when a defender deflects an attack.","new-to-fencing.actions.paragraph5":"A <strong>riposte</strong> is when a parry turns into an attack (i.e. a counter attack).","new-to-fencing.actions.paragraph6":"A <strong>lunge</strong> is the most common way to attack; the front foot kicks forward, the back foot pushes forward, and the sword arm straightens.","new-to-fencing.actions.title":"Introduction to Fencing Actions","new-to-fencing.competition.paragraph1":"Before a bout begins, fencers connect to circuit to track hits. In instances where an electrical scoring apparatus is not used, four judges preside over the match.","new-to-fencing.competition.paragraph2":"Referees will tests weapons prior to a match to ensure they are legal. Other equipment, such as masks, body wires, and gloves, are typically checked by the armoury prior to the start of a competition.","new-to-fencing.competition.paragraph3":"Opponents typically test each other’s target area before the start of a bout to ensure they are properly connected to the circuit. They then walk to the en garde area to salute one another and the referee. After their masks are on and they are in the en garde position, the referee will say ‘Pret Allez’ to start the bout. Note that the referee is also called the director.","new-to-fencing.competition.paragraph4":"When a valid touch is scored, fencers return to the en garde area before the bout resumes. If a bout is halted for other reasons, such as an off-target touch, the action typically resumes from where it was halted.","new-to-fencing.competition.paragraph5":"There are three three-minute rounds in fencing. If time elapses with a tie, the bout enters Sudden Death Overtime. In this case, one fencer is given priority at random. If no one scores a touch during this time, the fencer with priority wins.","new-to-fencing.competition.paragraph6":"However, in pool rounds, fencers are divided into groups and fence to five hits. After pool rounds, fencers are ranked to determine the Direct Elimination tableau.","new-to-fencing.competition.title":"Introduction to Competition","new-to-fencing.intro.paragraph1":"Fencing is the sport of sword fighting.","new-to-fencing.intro.paragraph2":"In fencing, two opponents compete on an elevated piste. The piste is sometimes referred to as the strip or playing area.","new-to-fencing.intro.paragraph3":"The piste is 14 metres long and 1.5 metres wide.","new-to-fencing.intro.paragraph4":"Falling to the side results in a 1-metre retreat.","new-to-fencing.intro.paragraph5":"Falling off at the end results in a point for your opponent.","new-to-fencing.intro.paragraph6":"A scored encounter between fencers is called a bout. A bout comprises of three, three-minute rounds.","new-to-fencing.intro.paragraph7":"In a bout, the goal is to score a valid touch on your opponent.","new-to-fencing.intro.paragraph8":"Each touch counts as a point. The first fencer to 15 points wins.","new-to-fencing.intro.title":"Introduction to Fencing","new-to-fencing.weapons.epee.paragraph1":"The epee has a total length of 110cm and its blade is 90cm long. The total weight of the weapon must be less than 770g. Like the foil, the epee is a thrusting weapon only and the epee attack is with the point of the weapon only.","new-to-fencing.weapons.epee.paragraph2":"With the epee, the target area is the entire body, head to toe, including any clothing and equipment.","new-to-fencing.weapons.epee.paragraph3":"Unlike the sabre and the foil, with the epee there are no right of way rules regarding attacks. Any hit which is made is counted. Hits are awarded solely on the basis of which fencer makes a hit first, according to an electrical recording apparatus.","new-to-fencing.weapons.epee.paragraph4":"Also, double-hits are allowed in epee, although the hits must occur within 40 milliseconds (1/25 of a second) of each other.","new-to-fencing.weapons.epee.title":"The Épée","new-to-fencing.weapons.foil.paragraph1":"The foil has a total length of 110cm and its blade is 90cm long. The total weight of the weapon must be less than 500g.","new-to-fencing.weapons.foil.paragraph2":"The foil is a thrusting weapon only. Fencers can only score a hit by striking the point of their weapon on the defined target area of their opponent, which is limited to the torso only.","new-to-fencing.weapons.foil.paragraph3":"Non-valid hits also stop the bout, but are not counted.","new-to-fencing.weapons.foil.paragraph4":"The foil is governed by the rules of right of way. The fencer who starts an attack has the right of way. In order to avoid being hit, the opposing foil fencer usually attempts to parry the attack and, if this is successful, riposte. To avoid being parried, the attacker may use several tactics, such as disengages or coupes, which are different ways to avoid the opponents’ blade.","new-to-fencing.weapons.foil.title":"The Foil","new-to-fencing.weapons.paragraph1":"There are three weapons used in fencing: épée, foil, or saber.","new-to-fencing.weapons.paragraph2":"Each weapon has its own characteristics, rules, and signature style.","new-to-fencing.weapons.sabre.paragraph1":"The sabre has a total length of 105cm and its blade is 88cm long. The total weight of the weapon must be less than 500g.","new-to-fencing.weapons.sabre.paragraph2":"The basic difference between the sabre and the two other weapons is that a hit can be made with the cutting edge, not just with the point. The target area consists of everything above the waist, including the head and both arms.","new-to-fencing.weapons.sabre.paragraph3":"Like the foil, the sabre is governed by the rules of right of way. The fencer who starts an attack has the right of way.","new-to-fencing.weapons.sabre.paragraph4":"In order to avoid being hit, the opposing sabre fencer usually attempts to parry the attack and, if this is successful, riposte. To avoid being parried, the attacker may use several tactics, such as disengages or coupes, which are different ways to avoid the opponents’ blade.","new-to-fencing.weapons.sabre.title":"The Sabre","new-to-fencing.weapons.title":"Introduction to the Three Weapons","News":"News","news":"news","Next":"Next","NICARAGUA":"NICARAGUA","NIGER":"NIGER","NIGERIA":"NIGERIA","No reports available. Please select another season.":"No reports available. Please select another season.","No results found":"No results found","No results found.":"No results found.","Non official":"Non official","non official":"non official","NORTH KOREA":"NORTH KOREA","NORWAY":"NORWAY","Now playing":"Now playing","Official":"Official","official":"official","official site":"official site","Official site":"Official site","Olympic Channel":"Olympic Channel","Olympic Documents":"Olympic Documents","Olympic games":"Olympic games","olympic games":"olympic games","olympic medals":"olympic medals","Olympic Medals":"Olympic Medals","Olympics":"Olympics","olympics entered":"olympics entered","One series. Nine cities.":"One series. Nine cities.","Oops! Something went wrong, please try again.":"Oops! Something went wrong, please try again.","Opponent":"Opponent","Opponents":"Opponents","Opponents not found":"Opponents not found","Organiser":"Organiser","Other documents":"Other documents","Others Results":"Placements","Our Athletes":"Our Athletes","Our Competitions":"Our Competitions","Our Fencing Magazine":"Our Fencing Magazine","Over":"Over","Over 12k Followers":"Fans","Over 13 Million Views":"Followers","Over 2.3M Viewers in 2015":"Over 2.3M Viewers in 2015","Over 2.3MM Viewers in 2015":"Over 2.3MM Viewers in 2015","Over 34k Followers":"Views","Over 359M Impressions in 2016":"Over 359M Impressions in 2016","Over 359MM Impressions in 2016":"Over 359MM Impressions in 2016","Overview":"Overview","PALESTINE":"PALESTINE","PANAMA":"PANAMA","PARAGUAY":"PARAGUAY","PERU":"PERU","ph":"ph","PHILIPPINES":"PHILIPPINES","phone:":"phone:","Photo Albums":"Photo Albums","Photo Gallery":"Photo Gallery","Photos":"Photos","Place":"Place","Place of birth":"Place of birth","Please input a valid e-mail!":"Please input a valid e-mail!","Please select a country":"Please select a country","Please select a Fencer!":"Please select a Fencer!","Please select different Fencers to compare!":"Please select different Fencers to compare!","Points":"Points","points":"points","POLAND":"POLAND","Poland":"Poland","Pools":"Pools","Pools not found":"Pools not found","PORTUGAL":"PORTUGAL","Poules construction":"Poules construction","Preliminary":"Preliminary","President":"President","Press":"Press","Press & Sponsor Info":"Press & Sponsor Info","Press & Sponsors":"Press & Sponsors","Press Kits":"Press Kits","Press Releases":"Press Releases","press_release":"press release","Prev":"Prev","Previous":"Previous","Privacy Policy":"Privacy Policy","privacy-policy.paragraph1":"The FIE website is of public access, except for some information that is only available with a password. The personal data relating to the athletes and referees is entered on the FIE website by the national federations. This data entry is required for the athletes and referees to participate in FIE competitions. The sports data (results) is entered by the competition organizers.","privacy-policy.paragraph2":"The database containing this information is strictly reserved for internal use within the FIE.","privacy-policy.paragraph3":"On no account will the FIE communicate it either for information purposes or commercial purposes.","privacy-policy.paragraph4":"The athletes, coaches, and others who participate in FIE competitions undertake to transfer to the FIE any individual or collective image rights and agree to be filmed/videotaped (notably by television), photographed, identified, and registered in any way.","privacy-policy.paragraph5":"The FIE undertakes to use these rights specifically in connection with, but not limited to, the promotion and development of fencing in the following media: publications and reviews, Internet Web site, and audiovisual aids.","privacy-policy.paragraph6":"In addition, photographs, film, and videos of athletes and participants taken by the official FIE photographer at FIE-sponsored events, including, but not limited to world cup, grand prix, world championship, and Olympic competition may be used for editorial and publicity purposes (subject to agreeing to the license agreement contained on this site), and may be offered for sale by authorized FIE agents to those people depicted in such photographs and their families solely for their personal use.","privacy-policy.paragraph7":"In the case of a minor, a parent or guardian should sign or agree to the policy.","privacy-policy.title1":"Charter of data use","privacy-policy.title2":"Image Rights Policy","Prohibited List":"Prohibited List","Promotion":"Promotion","promotion (P.P.)":"promotion (P.P.)","Pts":"Pts","PUERTO RICO":"PUERTO RICO","Q&A":"Q&A","QATAR":"QATAR","QF":"QF","Quarter Finals":"Quarter Finals","Rank":"Rank","rank":"rank","Ranking":"Ranking","Ranking not found":"Ranking not found","Rankings":"Rankings","Read More":"Read More","Read more about World Fencing Day":"Read more about World Fencing Day","Read Story":"Read Story","Rebirth of fencing":"Rebirth of fencing","Rebirth of Fencing":"Rebirth of Fencing","Recent Results":"Recent Results","Recently added":"Recently added","Recently added documents":"Recently added documents","Refereeing":"Refereeing","refereeing":"refereeing","Referees":"Referees","referee":"referee","Replay Livestream":"Replay Livestream","Reports":"Reports","Researches":"Researches","Results":"Results","Results & Competitions":"Results & Competitions","Results and Competitions":"Results & Competitions","Results not found":"Results not found","ROMANIA":"ROMANIA","Rules":"Rules","rules":"rules","RUSSIA":"RUSSIA","Russia":"Russia","RWANDA":"RWANDA","sabre":"sabre","Sabre":"Sabre","SAMOA":"SAMOA","SAN MARINO":"SAN MARINO","Satellite":"Satellite","satellite":"satellite","SAUDI ARABIA":"SAUDI ARABIA","Schedule":"Schedule","Search":"Search","Search all":"Search all","Search by %s":"Search by %s","Search by athlete":"Search by athlete","Search by athlete name or country":"Search by athlete name or country","Search by athlete name or license number":"Search by athlete name or license number","Search by name":"Search by name","Search by name or country":"Search by name or country","Search by nationality":"Search by nationality","Search competitions":"Search competitions","Search competitions by title or country":"Search competitions by title or country","Search videos":"Search videos","season":"season","Season":"Season","Secretary General":"Secretary General","Secretary Treasurer":"Secretary Treasurer","Select a country":"Select a country","Select a Fencer":"Select a Fencer","Select season":"Select season","Select your language":"Select your language","Semi":"Semi","semi":"semi","Semi Finals":"Semi Finals","SENEGAL":"SENEGAL","Senior":"Senior","senior":"senior","September 9, 2017":"September 9, 2017","September 9th is":"September 9th is","September 9th is World Fencing Day":"September 9th is World Fencing Day","SERBIA":"SERBIA","SF":"SF","SHARE THE SPORT OF FENCING":"SHARE THE SPORT OF FENCING","Show more":"Show more","SIERRA LEONE":"SIERRA LEONE","Sign up":"Sign up","silver":"silver","SINGAPORE":"SINGAPORE","SLOVAKIA":"SLOVAKIA","SLOVENIA":"SLOVENIA","Social Media":"Social Media","SOMALIA":"SOMALIA","Sorry, we could not finish your request. Please try again at a later time!":"Sorry, we could not finish your request. Please try again at a later time!","SOUTH AFRICA":"SOUTH AFRICA","SPAIN":"SPAIN","Sponsor Kit":"Sponsor Kit","Sponsors":"Sponsors","Sport Specific Information":"Sport Specific Information","sports":"sports","SRI LANKA":"SRI LANKA","Start":"Start","Start day":"Start day","Statistics":"Statistics","Stats":"Stats","Statutes":"Statutes","Statutes and admin rules":"Statutes and admin rules","Statutes and administrative rules":"Statutes and administrative rules","Stay in touch with all things fencing":"Stay in touch with all things fencing","Structure of FIE":"Structure of FIE","structure.listitem10":"j) to ensure that the principle of non-discrimination on the grounds of race, sex, ethnicity, religion, political opinions, family status or other, is respected.","structure.listitem11":"k) to apply appropriate measures to contribute to the respect of the environment.","structure.listitem5":"e) to authorise and supervise the other official F.I.E. competitions;","structure.listitem7":"g) to study and legislate on all matters pertaining to fencing in international relations;","structure.listitem8":"h) to promote and develop the struggle against doping;","structure.paragraph10":"*: Olympic Charter, p. 10, 16","structure.paragraph4":"The aims of the F.I.E. are:","structure.title1":"The International Fencing Federation","structure.title2":"Mission","structure.title3":"Vision","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Subscribe to our fencing magazine":"Subscribe to our fencing magazine","subscribe-now":"*Your previous subscriptions will be merged with this selection. To manage your subscription follow link in your email.","Successfully subscribed":"Successfully subscribed","Supervisor":"Supervisor","Susbscribe":"Susbscribe","SWEDEN":"SWEDEN","SWITZERLAND":"SWITZERLAND","SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC":"SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC","Table of":"Table of","Tableau":"Tableau","Tableau (part %s)":"Tableau (part %s)","Tagged Videos":"Tagged Videos","Tags":"Tags","TAJIKISTAN":"TAJIKISTAN","Team":"Team","team":"team","Team %s Results":"Team %s Results","Teams":"Teams","Terms & Conditions":"Terms & Conditions","Terms and Conditions":"Terms and Conditions","terms-and-conditions.paragraph1":"Copyright © 2011 FIE All Rights Reserved. No portion of FIE.org may be duplicated, redistributed or manipulated in any form. By accessing the fie.org website and its pages, you agree to follow the FIE Copyrights and Legal Mentions","terms-and-conditions.paragraph10":"Except as otherwise expressly stated above, you are granted permission to view, store, print, reproduce, distribute any pages or download any material from the Website for personal non-commercial use only, provided that:","terms-and-conditions.paragraph11":"(a) You do not modify any such page or material and","terms-and-conditions.paragraph12":"(b) You include these Terms and Conditions with any reproduction.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph13":"FIE shall bear no responsibility whatsoever for unauthorized copying and/or use of any material property of third parties on the Website.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph14":"You represent and warrant that you will comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including, but no limited to those relating to the Internet, data, e-mail, privacy and the transmission of technical data exported from Switzerland or the country in which you reside.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph15":"YOU AGREE NOT TO REPRODUCE, COPY, SELL, RESELL OR EXPLOIT FOR ANY COMMERCIAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSES ANY PORTION OF THE WEBSITE, USE OF THE WEBSITE, OR ACCESS TO THE WEBSITE, WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF FIA. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR USE FOR COMMERCIAL OR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES OF THE WEBSITE OR ANY PART THEREOF IS A VIOLATION OF FIE’S COPYRIGHTS.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph16":"3) Trademarks","terms-and-conditions.paragraph17":"FIE Name Mark, Trademarks, the FIE logo and any other product or service name or slogan contained in the Website are trademarks of the FIE and may not be copied, imitated or used, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of the FIE. In addition, the design, structure and feel of the Website, including all page headers, custom graphics, button icons and scripts, is the service mark, trademark and/or trade dress of the FIE and may not be copied, imitated or used, in whole or in part, without our prior written permission. All other trademarks, registered trademarks, product names and company names or logos mentioned in the Website are the property of their respective owners. Reference to any products, services, processes or other information, by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, supplier, or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, sponsorship or recommendation thereof by us.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph18":"4) Links","terms-and-conditions.paragraph19":"You may not use an FIE logo or other proprietary graphic of the FIE to link to this Website without the express written permission of the FIE. Furthermore, you may not frame any FIE trademark, logo or other proprietary information, including the FIE Content, without FIE express written consent.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph2":"FIE Website Terms and Conditions of Use","terms-and-conditions.paragraph20":"In the event you wish to establish a link to the Website, you expressly agree to: (a) ask prior written approval of FIE to establish a link to the Website; (b) not to include the Website into the frame of another website; (c) create a direct link to FIE’s official Website at www.fie.org; (d) not to create any third party association with the Website; and (e) ensure that the link does not state or imply that FIE sponsors or endorses any other website activity, company or entity, or presents FIE and/or fencing in a false, misleading, defamatory or derogatory manner.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph21":"The link to our Website does not permit you to use any FIE, or third party content, names, logos, images, videos, graphics or trademarks, unless separately agreed in writing by the related rights-holders.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph22":"Detailed requests can be sent to info@fie.ch","terms-and-conditions.paragraph23":"The FIE makes no claim or representation regarding and accepts no responsibility for, directly or indirectly, the quality, content, nature or reliability of third-party websites accessible by hyperlink from the Website, or websites linking to the Website. Because FIE has no control over such content links, you acknowledge and agree that FIE is not responsible for the contents, advertising, products, services or any other materials on or available from any linked website, resources, any link contained in a linked website, or any review, changes or updates to such websites. The FIE provides these links to you only as a convenience, and the inclusion of any link does not imply affiliation, endorsement or adoption by the FIE of any website or any information contained therein.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph24":"Your participation, correspondence or business dealings with any third party found on or through the Website, regarding the payment and delivery of related goods or services, and any other terms, conditions, warranties or representations associated with such dealings, are solely between you and such third party. You agree that the FIE shall not be responsible or liable for any loss, damage or other matters of any sort incurred as the result of any such dealings.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph25":"When you leave the Website, you should be aware that our terms and policies no longer govern. You should review the applicable terms and policies, including privacy and data gathering practices of any website to which you navigate from the Website.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph26":"5) Data Registration and Account Security","terms-and-conditions.paragraph27":"In consideration of your use of the Website you or any person you permit access and use of your account may provide FIE with certain personal data, including the Registration Data and certain other information about you. By submitting your personal information to the Website you agree (and shall ensure that each other person agrees) to: (a) use of such data and the Website in accordance to the Terms and Condition; (b) provide accurate, current and complete information about you as may be prompted by any registration forms on the Website ('Registration Data'); (c) maintain and promptly update the Registration Data and any other information you provide to the FIE, to keep it accurate, current and complete; (d) maintain the security of your password and identification; (e) notify FIE immediately of any unauthorized use of your account or other breach of security; (f) accept all responsibility for any and all activities that occur under your account; and (g) accept all risks of unauthorized access to the Registration Data and any other information you provide to the FIE.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph28":"If you communicate with FIE by e-mail, you should note that the security of internet access and e-mail is uncertain. By sending sensitive or confidential e-mail messages, which are not encrypted, you accept the risks of such uncertainty and possible lack of confidentiality over the internet.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph29":"Any personal data submitted by the visitor to this Website will not be used for any direct marketing or unsolicited follow-up unless the FIE has previously informed the visitor of this possible use and the visitor has given the FIE his express permission.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph3":"PLEASE READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE CAREFULLY. BY ACCESSING THIS WEBSITE (HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS THE “WEBSITE”) AND/OR ANY OF ITS PAGES, YOU AGREE TO ABIDE BY THE FIE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE DESCRIBED HEREIN AND BY ALL TERMS, RULES, POLICIES AND GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO THE WEBSITE CONTENTS AND SERVICES. FIE RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE TO YOU. YOU ARE THEREFORE RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULARLY REVIEWING THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, DO NOT USE THIS WEBSITE.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph30":"6) Indemnification","terms-and-conditions.paragraph31":"You agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the FIE, its subsidiaries, affiliates, licensors, employees, agents, third party information providers and independent contractors against any claims, damages, costs, liabilities and expenses (including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys' fees) arising out of or related to your conduct, your use or inability to use the Website, your breach or alleged breach of the Website Terms or of any representation or warranty contained herein, your unauthorized use of the FIE Content, or your violation of any rights of another.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph32":"7) Disclaimer","terms-and-conditions.paragraph33":"THIS WEBSITE AND THE FIE CONTENT ARE PROVIDED 'AS IS' AND THE FIE AND ITS DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, CONTENT PROVIDERS, AGENTS AND AFFILIATES EXCLUDE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE FIE WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS WEBSITE OR THE FIE CONTENT, OR THE UNAVAILABILITY OF THE SAME, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS AND DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE AND CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. THE FUNCTIONS EMBODIED ON OR IN THE MATERIALS OF THIS WEBSITE ARE NOT WARRANTED TO BE UNINTERRUPTED OR WITHOUT ERROR. YOU, NOT THE FIE, ASSUME THE ENTIRE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION DUE TO YOUR USE OF THIS WEBSITE OR THE FIE CONTENT. WE MAKE NO WARRANTY THAT THE WEBSITE OR THE FIE CONTENT IS FREE SUFFERING INFECTION BY VIRUSES OR ANYTHING ELSE THAT HAS CONTAMINATING OR DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph34":"The FIE uses reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy, correctness and reliability of the FIE Content, but makes no representations or warranties as to the FIE Content's accuracy, correctness or reliability.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph35":"8) Limitation of Liability","terms-and-conditions.paragraph36":"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FIE, ITS DIRECTORS, MEMBERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF PROFITS OR LOSS OF DATA, WHETHER IN AN ACTION IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THE USE OF THE WEBSITE, THE SERVICES, THE FIE CONTENT OR THE MATERIALS CONTAINED IN OR ACCESSED THROUGH THE WEBSITE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY DAMAGES CAUSED BY OR RESULTING FROM RELIANCE BY USER ON ANY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THE FIE, OR THAT RESULT FROM MISTAKES, OMISSIONS, INTERRUPTIONS, DELETION OF FILES OR EMAIL, ERRORS, DEFECTS, VIRUSES, DELAYS IN OPERATION OR TRANSMISSION OR ANY FAILURE OF PERFORMANCE, WHETHER OR NOT RESULTING FROM ACTS OF GOD, COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE, THEFT, DESTRUCTION OR UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THE FIE'S RECORDS, PROGRAMS OR SERVICES. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE FIE, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE, WHETHER ACTIVE, PASSIVE OR IMPUTED), PRODUCT LIABILITY, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER THEORY, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE USE OF THE WEBSITE EXCEED ANY COMPENSATION YOU PAY, IF ANY, TO THE FIE FOR ACCESS TO OR USE OF THE WEBSITE.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph37":"9) Applicable Law and Arbitration","terms-and-conditions.paragraph38":"This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of Switzerland.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph39":"Any dispute arising from or in connection with your use of the Website or the FIE Content which cannot be settled amicably, shall be finally settled, to the exclusion of the ordinary courts, in accordance with the Statute and Regulations of the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The parties undertake to comply with the said Statute and Regulations, and to enforce in good faith the award to be rendered. The seat of arbitration shall be at Lausanne, Switzerland.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph4":"1. Ownership of the Website and its Contents","terms-and-conditions.paragraph40":"10) Termination and Modifications to Service","terms-and-conditions.paragraph41":"Notwithstanding any of these Website Terms, the FIE reserves the right, without notice to you and in its sole discretion, to block your use of the Website, or to discontinue, and to modify the Website temporarily, or permanently.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph42":"11) Miscellaneous Provisions","terms-and-conditions.paragraph43":"Any waiver of any provision of the Website Terms will be effective only if in writing and signed by the FIE. If any clause in these Website Terms is found to be unenforceable, wherever possible this will not affect any other clause and each will remain in full force and effect. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph44":"12) Changes to Website Terms","terms-and-conditions.paragraph45":"The FIE reserves the right to change any of the terms and conditions contained in the Website Terms or any policy or guideline of the Website, at any time and in its sole discretion, without notice to you. When we make changes, we will revise the 'last updated' date at the top of the Website Terms. Any changes will be effective immediately upon posting on the website. Your continued use of the Website following the posting of changes will constitute your acceptance of such changes. We encourage you to review the Website Terms whenever you visit one of our websites.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph5":"Welcome to FIE.org official website. This website is owned and operated by FIE - Fédération Internationale D’Escrime, the international federation for the sport of fencing, with registered office at MSI – Maison du Sport International, Av. de Rhodanie 54, 1007 Lausanne, CH.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph6":"Unless otherwise indicated, all of the content featured or displayed on this Website, including, but not limited to text, video, graphics, data, pictures, audio, illustrations, magazines, games, software, as for the selection and arrangement thereof ('FIE Content'), is owned by the FIE, its licensors, or its third-party image partners and all rights are reserved. Therefore no “FIE Content” may be reproduced in any circumstance for commercial or promotional purposes without prior permission from the listed owners or suppliers.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph7":"All elements of the Website, including the FIE Logo, Name and Content are protected by copyright, trade dress, moral rights, trademark and other laws relating to the protection of intellectual property.","terms-and-conditions.paragraph8":"2. Use of Content","terms-and-conditions.paragraph9":"Nothing in the Website is designed to grant any licence or right to use of names, logos, pictures or trademarks. No act of downloading, copying or reproducing from the Website will transfer title for you to any “FIE Content”.","Testing":"Testing","THAILAND":"THAILAND","Thanks. We'll keep you posted!":"Thanks. We'll keep you posted!","The Competition":"The Competition","THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA":"THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA","The Three Weapons":"The Three Weapons","The upcoming FIE Grand Prix will be taking place in %s, %s":"The upcoming FIE Grand Prix will be taking place in %s, %s","The World's Best Fencers Answer Your Questions":"The World's Best Fencers Answer Your Questions","Therapeutic use exemptions (TUE)":"Therapeutic use exemptions (TUE)","To":"To","TOGO":"TOGO","Top Fencers":"Top Ranked Fencers","Top Fencers in":"Top Fencers in","TUNISIA":"TUNISIA","TÜRKIYE":"TÜRKIYE","TURKMENISTAN":"TURKMENISTAN","Type":"Type","UGANDA":"UGANDA","UKRAINE":"UKRAINE","UNITED ARAB EMIRATES":"UNITED ARAB EMIRATES","Upcoming":"Upcoming","Upcoming Competitions":"Upcoming Competitions","Upcoming Events":"Upcoming Events","URUGUAY":"URUGUAY","USA":"USA","UZBEKISTAN":"UZBEKISTAN","V/M":"V/M","VENEZUELA":"VENEZUELA","veteran":"veteran","Veteran":"Veteran","veteran World Championships Rules":"veteran World Championships Rules","Veteran World Championships Rules":"Veteran World Championships Rules","veterans":"veterans","Veterans Council":"Veterans Council","Videos":"Videos","VIETNAM":"VIETNAM","View all":"View all","View all articles":"View all articles","View All Athletes":"View All Athletes","View all news":"View all news","View full rankings":"View full rankings","View more competitions":"View more competitions","View more Q&As":"View more Q&As","View more results":"View more results","View more videos":"View more videos","View Press Release":"View Press Release","View press release":"View press release","View the full results":"View the full results","VIRGIN ISLANDS":"VIRGIN ISLANDS","vs":"vs","W":"W","W/L":"W/L","Watch":"Watch","we‘ll email you if ranking changes, about participation in events and if there are changes in the number of points.":"we‘ll email you if ranking changes, about participation in events and if there are changes in the number of points.","we‘ll email you when the competition starts or ends, on result updates, or when documents change":"we‘ll email you when the competition starts or ends, on result updates, or when documents change","weapon":"weapon","Weapon":"Weapon","Weapon = Category":"Weapon = Category","Weapon=Category":"Weapon=Category","website":"website","Wins":"Wins","wfd.paragraph1":"World Fencing Day aims to share the sport of fencing with the world by promoting fencing's values. This year's theme is “Solidarity”","wfd.paragraph2":"The goal of World Fencing Day is to bring people from around the world together to experience the sport of fencing. Individuals are encouraged to participate with the theme, from children trying fencing for the first time via the FIE's “Have a Go” program, to fencers of all experience levels donating their used, good quality fencing equipment to athletes in need.","What are the most important physical & mental qualities for a fencer?":"What are the most important physical & mental qualities for a fencer?","Who are the legends of fencing?":"Who are the legends of fencing?","woman and fencing council":"woman and fencing council","women":"women","Women":"Women","Women and Fencing Council":"Women and Fencing Council","women's":"women's","won":"won","world championship":"world championship","World Championship":"World Championship","World Championship Medals":"World Championships' Medals","World Championships":"World Championships","world championships entered":"world championships entered","world championships medals":"world championships medals","World Cup":"World Cup","world cup":"world cup","World Cups":"World Cups","world cups entered":"world cups entered","World Fencing Day":"World Fencing Day","World Fencing Day News":"World Fencing Day News","World Fencing Day Videos":"World Fencing Day Videos","Year":"Year","YEMEN":"YEMEN","your e-mail address":"your e-mail address","Your email address":"Your email address","Your name":"Your name","Your search didn't match any athlete.":"Your search didn't match any athlete.","Zonal Championships":"Zonal Championships","zone championships":"zone championships","Zone Championships":"Zone Championships","zone championships medals":"zone championships medals","zone championships entered":"zone championships entered","Fans":"Fans","Followers":"Followers","Views":"Views","Help in equipment":"Help in equipment","Type in to search":"Type in to search","Entries":"Entries","Media & Sponsors":"Media & Sponsors","FIE Projects":"FIE Projects","Safe Sport":"Safe Sport","Questionnaire Organisers":"Questionnaire Organisers","Top Ranked Fencers":"Top Ranked Fencers","Cat":"Cat","Press Kit":"Press Kit","Live results":"Live results","Commission and Councils":"Commission and Councils","Councils":"Councils","FIE Documents":"FIE Documents","Commission":"Commission","Select a year of publishing":"Select a year of publishing","Passed":"Passed","Athelets":"Athelets","Search by country":"Search by country","Download profile":"Download profile","Personal Information":"Personal Information","PDF":"PDF","XLS":"XLS","HTML":"HTML","All categories":"All categories","License number":"License number","COUNTRY":"COUNTRY","Projects":"Projects","Fencing day":"Fencing day","Courses":"Courses","Donate your fencing gear":"Donate your fencing gear","Programs":"Programs","Download poster":"Download poster","Livestream":"Livestream","Gold":"Gold","Silver":"Silver","Bronze":"Bronze","Total":"Total","Pools Results":"Pools Results","Promotion (P.P.)":"Promotion (P.P.)","Coaches council":"Coaches council","Disciplinary panel":"Disciplinary panel","Veterans":"Veterans","Woman and fencing council":"Woman and fencing council","Fair play":"Fair play","Ethics committee":"Ethics committee","Anti-doping sub-committee":"Anti-doping sub-committee","Live":"Live","Promotion, Communication and Marketing Commission":"Promotion, Communication and Marketing Commission","Athlets":"Athlets","Search by athlete name":"Search by athlete name","Select a Weapon":"Select a Weapon","Select a Category":"Select a Category","Terms and conditions":"Terms and conditions","Privacy policy":"Privacy policy","Hall of fame":"Hall of fame","Go back":"Go back","Head to head":"Head to head","":"","More press releases":"More press releases","I agree with privacy policy":"I agree with privacy policy","I agree with Privacy Policy":"I agree with Privacy Policy","FIE Safeguarding Policy":"FIE Safeguarding Policy","SEMI":"SEMI","ETHIC":"ETHICS","Ethic":"Ethics","Register":"Register","Request form":"Request form","Personal":"Personal","First name *":"First name *","Last name *":"Last name *","Name of the media, for which you cover the event *":"Name of the media, for which you cover the event *","Phone":"Phone","Fax":"Fax","Mobile *":"Mobile *","E-mail *":"E-mail *","Specification *":"Specification *","Internet":"Internet","Newspaper":"Newspaper","TV":"TV","Radio":"Radio","Function *":"Function *","Cameraman":"Cameraman","Technician":"Technician","Photographer":"Photographer","Journalist - reporter":"Journalist - reporter","Press Card no.":"Press Card no.","AIPS Card no.":"AIPS Card no.","Private address":"Private address","Street *":"Street *","Country *":"Country *","Postcode *":"Postcode *","City *":"City *","Arrival date *":"Arrival date *","Departure date *":"Departure date *","Arrival date":"Arrival date","Departure date":"Departure date","flight":"flight","train":"train","car":"car","other":"other","Flight | train no.":"Flight | train no.","Arrival by":"Arrival by","Would you like an exclusive and paying telephone line?":"Would you like an exclusive and paying telephone line?","yes":"yes","no":"no","Would you like to receive the official hotel list?":"Would you like to receive the official hotel list?","Phot (jpg only)":"Phot (jpg only)","Photo":"Photo","Photo (jpg only)":"Photo (jpg only)","Unsubscribe":"Unsubscribe","Confirm Unsubscribe":"Confirm Unsubscribe","Unsubscribing was successful":"Unsubscribing was successful","Get questionnaire":"Get questionnaire","licence":"licence","Get link":"Get link","1. INTRODUCTION TO ANTI-DOPING, PRINCIPLES AND VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH CLEAN SPORT AND THE ANTI-DOPING LANDSCAPE":"1. INTRODUCTION TO ANTI-DOPING, PRINCIPLES AND VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH CLEAN SPORT AND THE ANTI-DOPING LANDSCAPE","2. CLEAN SPORT EDUCATION":"2. CLEAN SPORT EDUCATION","3. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THE CODE":"3. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THE CODE","4. THE PRINCIPLE OF STRICT LIABILITY":"4. THE PRINCIPLE OF STRICT LIABILITY","5. ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS":"5. ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS","6. SUBSTANCES AND METHODS ON THE PROHIBITED LIST":"6. SUBSTANCES AND METHODS ON THE PROHIBITED LIST","7. USE OF MEDICATIONS & RISKS OF SUPPLEMENTS USE":"7. USE OF MEDICATIONS & RISKS OF SUPPLEMENTS USE","8. THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMPTIONS (TUEs)":"8. THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMPTIONS (TUEs)","9. TESTING PROCEDURES - URINE, BLOOD & THE ATHLETE BIOLOGICAL PASSPORT":"9. TESTING PROCEDURES - URINE, BLOOD & THE ATHLETE BIOLOGICAL PASSPORT","10. REQUIREMENTS OF THE REGISTERED TESTING POOL":"10. REQUIREMENTS OF THE REGISTERED TESTING POOL","11. CONSEQUENCES OF DOPING":"11. CONSEQUENCES OF DOPING","12. SPEAKING UP":"12. SPEAKING UP","13. CONTACT INFORMATION":"13. CONTACT INFORMATION","14. ANTI-DOPING PRIVACY NOTICE":"14. ANTI-DOPING PRIVACY NOTICE","This field is required":"This field is required","Club":"Club","Not valid":"Not valid","Valid":"Valid"};</script><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-57188458-1"></script><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-57188458-1'); // forEach if (window.NodeList && !NodeList.prototype.forEach) { NodeList.prototype.forEach = function (callback, thisArg) { thisArg = thisArg || window; for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { callback.call(thisArg, this[i], i, this); } }; } // remove (function (arr) { arr.forEach(function (item) { if (item.hasOwnProperty('remove')) { return; } Object.defineProperty(item, 'remove', { configurable: true, enumerable: true, writable: true, value: function remove() { if (this.parentNode !== null) this.parentNode.removeChild(this); } }); }); })([Element.prototype, CharacterData.prototype, DocumentType.prototype]); // findIndex if (!Array.prototype.findIndex) { Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'findIndex', { value: function (predicate) { // 1. Let O be ? ToObject(this value). if (this == null) { throw new TypeError('"this" is null or not defined'); } var o = Object(this); // 2. Let len be ? ToLength(? Get(O, "length")). var len = o.length >>> 0; // 3. If IsCallable(predicate) is false, throw a TypeError exception. if (typeof predicate !== 'function') { throw new TypeError('predicate must be a function'); } // 4. If thisArg was supplied, let T be thisArg; else let T be undefined. var thisArg = arguments[1]; // 5. Let k be 0. var k = 0; // 6. Repeat, while k < len while (k < len) { // a. Let Pk be ! ToString(k). // b. Let kValue be ? Get(O, Pk). // c. Let testResult be ToBoolean(? Call(predicate, T, « kValue, k, O »)). // d. If testResult is true, return k. var kValue = o[k]; if (predicate.call(thisArg, kValue, k, o)) { return k; } // e. Increase k by 1. k++; } // 7. Return -1. return -1; } }); } // find if (!Array.prototype.find) { Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'find', { value: function (predicate) { // 1. Let O be ? ToObject(this value). if (this == null) { throw new TypeError('"this" is null or not defined'); } var o = Object(this); // 2. Let len be ? ToLength(? Get(O, "length")). var len = o.length >>> 0; // 3. If IsCallable(predicate) is false, throw a TypeError exception. if (typeof predicate !== 'function') { throw new TypeError('predicate must be a function'); } // 4. If thisArg was supplied, let T be thisArg; else let T be undefined. var thisArg = arguments[1]; // 5. Let k be 0. var k = 0; // 6. Repeat, while k < len while (k < len) { // a. Let Pk be ! ToString(k). // b. Let kValue be ? Get(O, Pk). // c. Let testResult be ToBoolean(? Call(predicate, T, « kValue, k, O »)). // d. If testResult is true, return kValue. var kValue = o[k]; if (predicate.call(thisArg, kValue, k, o)) { return kValue; } // e. Increase k by 1. k++; } // 7. Return undefined. return undefined; } }); } // inlcudes if (!Array.prototype.includes) { Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'includes', { value: function (searchElement, fromIndex) { if (this == null) { throw new TypeError('"this" is null or not defined'); } // 1. Let O be ? ToObject(this value). var o = Object(this); // 2. Let len be ? ToLength(? Get(O, "length")). var len = o.length >>> 0; // 3. If len is 0, return false. if (len === 0) { return false; } // 4. Let n be ? ToInteger(fromIndex). // (If fromIndex is undefined, this step produces the value 0.) var n = fromIndex | 0; // 5. If n ≥ 0, then // a. Let k be n. // 6. Else n < 0, // a. Let k be len + n. // b. If k < 0, let k be 0. var k = Math.max(n >= 0 ? n : len - Math.abs(n), 0); function sameValueZero(x, y) { return x === y || (typeof x === 'number' && typeof y === 'number' && isNaN(x) && isNaN(y)); } // 7. Repeat, while k < len while (k < len) { // a. Let elementK be the result of ? Get(O, ! ToString(k)). // b. If SameValueZero(searchElement, elementK) is true, return true. if (sameValueZero(o[k], searchElement)) { return true; } // c. Increase k by 1. k++; } // 8. Return false return false; } }); }</script></head><body><div class="xs-menu"><div class="top"><a href="/"><img src="/img/icons/log-xs.jpg" alt="icon"></a><div><p>Menu</p><button class="mobile-toggle" type="button"><span class="mobile-toggle__icon"></span></button></div></div><div class="sub"><div class="flex-parent large"><a href="/athletes">Athletes & Rankings</a><a href="/competitions">Results & Competitions</a><a href="/watch">Live</a><a href="/media">Media</a></div><div class="flex-parent small"><a href="/fie/structure">FIE</a><a href="/development">Development</a><a href="/fie/documents/clean-sport">Clean Sport</a><a href="/fie/documents/safe-sport">Safe Sport</a><a href="/referees">Referees</a><div class="s-wr"><select class="js-dropdown-lang"><option value="en" selected>English</option><option value="fr">Français</option><option value="es">Español</option></select></div><div class="s-wr"><a href="/login">Login</a></div></div><div class="flex-parent social"><a href="/search" title="search"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.5,3A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 16,9.5C16,11.11 15.41,12.59 14.44,13.73L14.71,14H15.5L20.5,19L19,20.5L14,15.5V14.71L13.73,14.44C12.59,15.41 11.11,16 9.5,16A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 3,9.5A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 9.5,3M9.5,5C7,5 5,7 5,9.5C5,12 7,14 9.5,14C12,14 14,12 14,9.5C14,7 12,5 9.5,5Z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/fie.org" title="Facebook" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 17 17" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m15.06 0h-13.06a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v12.3a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h6.62v-5.92h-2v-2.32h2v-1.7a2.81 2.81 0 0 1 3-3.06c.85 0 1.6.06 1.81.09v2.06h-1.22c-1 0-1.17.45-1.17 1.13v1.42h2.32l-.3 2.32h-2.06v5.87h4a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-12.19a1.94 1.94 0 0 0 -1.94-2z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://twitter.com/FIE_fencing" title="Twitter" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 18 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m18 1.87a5.45 5.45 0 0 1 -2.14.62 3.56 3.56 0 0 0 1.61-2.13 5.7 5.7 0 0 1 -2.32.89 3.79 3.79 0 0 0 -2.67-1.25 3.71 3.71 0 0 0 -3.66 3.83 2.75 2.75 0 0 0 .09.89 10.36 10.36 0 0 1 -7.57-4 3.59 3.59 0 0 0 -.53 2 3.92 3.92 0 0 0 1.6 3.21 3.69 3.69 0 0 1 -1.7-.49v.09a3.75 3.75 0 0 0 2.94 3.74 3.79 3.79 0 0 1 -1 .18 2 2 0 0 1 -.65-.09 3.72 3.72 0 0 0 3.44 2.64 7 7 0 0 1 -4.55 1.72 3 3 0 0 1 -.89-.09 10.16 10.16 0 0 0 5.61 1.69c6.77 0 10.43-5.88 10.43-11v-.49a6.85 6.85 0 0 0 2-2z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/fencing_fie/" title="Instagram" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 80 78" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m40 24.2a15.8 15.8 0 0 0 0 31.6 15.8 15.8 0 0 0 0-31.6z"></path><path d="m63.08 0h-46.16a16.92 16.92 0 0 0 -16.92 16.92v42.16a16.92 16.92 0 0 0 16.92 16.92h46.16a16.92 16.92 0 0 0 16.92-16.92v-42.16a16.92 16.92 0 0 0 -16.92-16.92zm7.62 15.7a5.1 5.1 0 1 1 -5.1-5.2 5.14 5.14 0 0 1 5.1 5.2zm-6.7 24.3c0 13.5-10.8 24.5-24 24.5s-24-11-24-24.5a24.24 24.24 0 0 1 24-24.5 24.18 24.18 0 0 1 24 24.5z"></path></svg></a><a href="http://weibo.com/internationalfencing?is_all=1" title="Weibo" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 80 80" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m60.29 36.92c-3.37-.21-2.06-2.42-2.06-2.42s2.34-6.36-2.11-10.07c-5.5-4.56-16.12 3.16-16.12 3.16-4.18 2.2-3.34-.2-3.26-4.08-.65-4.46-3.11-11.8-14.16-5.55s-18.81 23.49-18.81 23.49c-5.47 11.5-3.37 19.42-3.37 19.42 4.32 17.52 21.91 19.83 35.21 19 13.99-.87 31.69-10.31 35.39-24.62s-7.35-18.1-10.72-18.33zm-24.66 35.39c-13.34 2.69-25.19-2.57-26.52-11.78s8.44-18.28 21.77-21 25 1.35 26.37 10.55-8.25 19.55-21.62 22.23zm29.21-43.66a2.44 2.44 0 0 0 2-2.42 1.3 1.3 0 0 0 0-.27c-.61-16.8-15.14-11.67-15.14-11.67a2.48 2.48 0 0 0 -2 2.85 2.43 2.43 0 0 0 2.75 2.1c10.39-4.07 9.62 7.33 9.62 7.33a2.41 2.41 0 0 0 2.76 2.08zm-5.93-28.58a29.5 29.5 0 0 0 -11.91 1.93c-.12 0-.21.16-.32.19a.13.13 0 0 0 -.07.08 3.66 3.66 0 0 0 -2 3.87 3.55 3.55 0 0 0 4 3.06 16.57 16.57 0 0 0 3-1.25c1.19-.71 11.92-2.22 18.57 6.16 3.86 6.26 2.89 11 2.8 11.75a10.87 10.87 0 0 0 -.2 3.57 3.24 3.24 0 0 0 3.94 2.7c1.6-.24 2.92-.67 2.92-3.53h0c2.86-20.47-11.16-27.73-20.73-28.53zm-28.78 42.78a13.3 13.3 0 0 0 -10.95 15.15 13.06 13.06 0 0 0 14.82 11.25 13.3 13.3 0 0 0 11-15.16 13.06 13.06 0 0 0 -14.87-11.24z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/FIEvideo" title="Youtube" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 80 65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m69.11 0h-58.22a10.89 10.89 0 0 0 -10.89 10.89v40.22a10.89 10.89 0 0 0 10.89 10.89h58.22a10.89 10.89 0 0 0 10.89-10.89v-40.22a10.89 10.89 0 0 0 -10.89-10.89zm-15.3 36.44-23.81 8.02a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 -3.3-2.36v-21.4a2.53 2.53 0 0 1 3.78-2.17l23.76 13.38a2.48 2.48 0 0 1 -.43 4.53z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div><header><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><ul class="tools"><li><a href="/fie/structure">FIE</a></li><li><a href="/development">Development</a></li><li><a href="/fie/documents/clean-sport">Clean Sport</a></li><li><a href="/fie/documents/safe-sport">Safe Sport</a></li><li><a href="/referees">Referees</a></li><li><select class="js-dropdown-lang"><option value="en" selected>English</option><option value="fr">Français</option><option value="es">Español</option></select></li><li><a href="/login">Login</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="primary-menu"><a class="logo" href="/"><img src="/img/icons/m-en-logo.png" alt="logo" style="height:65px;"></a><ul class="menu"><li><a href="/competitions">Results & Competitions</a></li><li><a href="/athletes">Athletes & Rankings</a></li><li><a href="/watch">Live</a></li><li><a href="/media">Media</a></li><li><a href="/search" title="search"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.5,3A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 16,9.5C16,11.11 15.41,12.59 14.44,13.73L14.71,14H15.5L20.5,19L19,20.5L14,15.5V14.71L13.73,14.44C12.59,15.41 11.11,16 9.5,16A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 3,9.5A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 9.5,3M9.5,5C7,5 5,7 5,9.5C5,12 7,14 9.5,14C12,14 14,12 14,9.5C14,7 12,5 9.5,5Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul><button class="follow-us">Follow Us</button><ul class="socials"><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/fie.org" title="Facebook" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 17 17" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m15.06 0h-13.06a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v12.3a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h6.62v-5.92h-2v-2.32h2v-1.7a2.81 2.81 0 0 1 3-3.06c.85 0 1.6.06 1.81.09v2.06h-1.22c-1 0-1.17.45-1.17 1.13v1.42h2.32l-.3 2.32h-2.06v5.87h4a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-12.19a1.94 1.94 0 0 0 -1.94-2z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/FIE_fencing" title="Twitter" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 18 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m18 1.87a5.45 5.45 0 0 1 -2.14.62 3.56 3.56 0 0 0 1.61-2.13 5.7 5.7 0 0 1 -2.32.89 3.79 3.79 0 0 0 -2.67-1.25 3.71 3.71 0 0 0 -3.66 3.83 2.75 2.75 0 0 0 .09.89 10.36 10.36 0 0 1 -7.57-4 3.59 3.59 0 0 0 -.53 2 3.92 3.92 0 0 0 1.6 3.21 3.69 3.69 0 0 1 -1.7-.49v.09a3.75 3.75 0 0 0 2.94 3.74 3.79 3.79 0 0 1 -1 .18 2 2 0 0 1 -.65-.09 3.72 3.72 0 0 0 3.44 2.64 7 7 0 0 1 -4.55 1.72 3 3 0 0 1 -.89-.09 10.16 10.16 0 0 0 5.61 1.69c6.77 0 10.43-5.88 10.43-11v-.49a6.85 6.85 0 0 0 2-2z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/fencing_fie/" title="Instagram" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 80 78" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m40 24.2a15.8 15.8 0 0 0 0 31.6 15.8 15.8 0 0 0 0-31.6z"></path><path d="m63.08 0h-46.16a16.92 16.92 0 0 0 -16.92 16.92v42.16a16.92 16.92 0 0 0 16.92 16.92h46.16a16.92 16.92 0 0 0 16.92-16.92v-42.16a16.92 16.92 0 0 0 -16.92-16.92zm7.62 15.7a5.1 5.1 0 1 1 -5.1-5.2 5.14 5.14 0 0 1 5.1 5.2zm-6.7 24.3c0 13.5-10.8 24.5-24 24.5s-24-11-24-24.5a24.24 24.24 0 0 1 24-24.5 24.18 24.18 0 0 1 24 24.5z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="http://weibo.com/internationalfencing?is_all=1" title="Weibo" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 80 80" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m60.29 36.92c-3.37-.21-2.06-2.42-2.06-2.42s2.34-6.36-2.11-10.07c-5.5-4.56-16.12 3.16-16.12 3.16-4.18 2.2-3.34-.2-3.26-4.08-.65-4.46-3.11-11.8-14.16-5.55s-18.81 23.49-18.81 23.49c-5.47 11.5-3.37 19.42-3.37 19.42 4.32 17.52 21.91 19.83 35.21 19 13.99-.87 31.69-10.31 35.39-24.62s-7.35-18.1-10.72-18.33zm-24.66 35.39c-13.34 2.69-25.19-2.57-26.52-11.78s8.44-18.28 21.77-21 25 1.35 26.37 10.55-8.25 19.55-21.62 22.23zm29.21-43.66a2.44 2.44 0 0 0 2-2.42 1.3 1.3 0 0 0 0-.27c-.61-16.8-15.14-11.67-15.14-11.67a2.48 2.48 0 0 0 -2 2.85 2.43 2.43 0 0 0 2.75 2.1c10.39-4.07 9.62 7.33 9.62 7.33a2.41 2.41 0 0 0 2.76 2.08zm-5.93-28.58a29.5 29.5 0 0 0 -11.91 1.93c-.12 0-.21.16-.32.19a.13.13 0 0 0 -.07.08 3.66 3.66 0 0 0 -2 3.87 3.55 3.55 0 0 0 4 3.06 16.57 16.57 0 0 0 3-1.25c1.19-.71 11.92-2.22 18.57 6.16 3.86 6.26 2.89 11 2.8 11.75a10.87 10.87 0 0 0 -.2 3.57 3.24 3.24 0 0 0 3.94 2.7c1.6-.24 2.92-.67 2.92-3.53h0c2.86-20.47-11.16-27.73-20.73-28.53zm-28.78 42.78a13.3 13.3 0 0 0 -10.95 15.15 13.06 13.06 0 0 0 14.82 11.25 13.3 13.3 0 0 0 11-15.16 13.06 13.06 0 0 0 -14.87-11.24z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/FIEvideo" title="Youtube" target="_blank"><svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 80 65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m69.11 0h-58.22a10.89 10.89 0 0 0 -10.89 10.89v40.22a10.89 10.89 0 0 0 10.89 10.89h58.22a10.89 10.89 0 0 0 10.89-10.89v-40.22a10.89 10.89 0 0 0 -10.89-10.89zm-15.3 36.44-23.81 8.02a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 -3.3-2.36v-21.4a2.53 2.53 0 0 1 3.78-2.17l23.76 13.38a2.48 2.48 0 0 1 -.43 4.53z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></header><section class="executive-committee-header"><div class="container small"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><ul class="media-res-menu"><li><a href="/fie/structure">About FIE</a></li><li><a href="/fie/documents">FIE Documents</a></li><li><a href="/fie/meetings">Meetings</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="info"><h1></h1></div></div></div></div></section><div class="Main"><div class="Document Fie-documents Document--fencing-history"><div class="Container Container--wider"><div class="Container-backgroundImage" style="background-image: url('/img/history.jpg');"></div><div class="Document-content Document-content--withTopImage"><div class="Document-content-sidebar Document-content-sidebar--left"><li class="active"><a class="Document-content-sidebarLink is-active" href="/fie/fencing-history">First Traces of Fencing</a></li><li><a class="Document-content-sidebarLink" href="/fie/fencing-history/rebirth-of-fencing">Rebirth of fencing</a></li><li><a class="Document-content-sidebarLink" href="/fie/fencing-history/modern-history">Modern Fencing</a></li></div><div class="Document-content-text"><div class="Document-content-body"><div></div><div class="SidebarPagination SidebarPagination--next"><a href="/fie/fencing-history/rebirth-of-fencing"><div class="SidebarPagination-label">Next</div><div class="SidebarPagination-description"><span>Rebirth of fencing</span><img src="/img/icon-arrow.svg"></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Section"><a class="Banner Banner--link" href="/new-to-fencing"><div class="Banner-bg" style="background-image: url('/img/smog-banner-dark.jpg')"></div><div class="Container Banner-container"><h2 class="Banner-label">New to fencing?</h2><h1 class="TitleSection TitleSection--link">Learn More About the Sport <img class="Banner-arrow" src="/img/icon-arrow.svg"></h1></div></a></div><footer><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><ul><li><a href="/fie/structure/office">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="/development/gear">Donate</a></li><li><a href="/terms-and-conditions">Terms & Conditions</a></li><li><a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li><a href="/subscribe">Subscribe</a></li></ul><div class="copy">© 2017 FIE International Fencing Federation. All Rights Reserved. No part of this site may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any way or by any means (including photocopying, recording or storing it in any medium by electronic means), without the written permission of FIE International Fencing Federation.</div></div></div></div></footer><script src="/js/libs/jquery-2.2.4.min.js"></script><script src="/js/libs/bootstrap.min.js"></script><script src="/js/libs/moment.min.js"></script><script src="/js/libs/moment-timezone-with-data.min.js"></script><script src="/js/libs/owl.carousel.min.js"></script><script src="/js/main.js"></script><script src="/js/scripts-newlayout.js"></script></body></html>