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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions_held" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions_held"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Positions held</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions_held-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="جورج ريد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج ريد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="جرج رید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جرج رید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read_(politik)" title="George Read (politik) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="George Read (politik)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read" title="George Read – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Read" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="جرج رید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرج رید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read" title="George Read – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Read" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read" title="George Read – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Read" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93" title="ג'ורג' ריד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ורג' ריד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Read" title="Georgius Read – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Read" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read" title="George Read – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="George Read" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="جورج ريد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج ريد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read" title="George Read – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="George Read" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%B6)" title="ジョージ・リード (アメリカの政治家) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・リード (アメリカの政治家)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read" title="George Read – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Read" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read_(estadista_dos_Estados_Unidos)" title="George Read (estadista dos Estados Unidos) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George Read (estadista dos Estados Unidos)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="Рид, Джордж (политик США) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рид, Джордж (политик США)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read_(amerikansk_politiker)" title="George Read (amerikansk politiker) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Read (amerikansk politiker)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read" title="George Read – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="George Read" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%87_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="Джордж Рід (державний діяч США) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джордж Рід (державний діяч США)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read" title="George Read – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="George Read" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">George Read</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Read_-_Robert_Edge_Pine.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/George_Read_-_Robert_Edge_Pine.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-George_Read_-_Robert_Edge_Pine.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/George_Read_-_Robert_Edge_Pine.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-George_Read_-_Robert_Edge_Pine.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/George_Read_-_Robert_Edge_Pine.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-George_Read_-_Robert_Edge_Pine.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6052" data-file-height="7424" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Superior_Court" title="Delaware Superior Court">Chief Justice of Delaware</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 30, 1793 – September 21, 1798</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Killen_(judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Killen (judge) (page does not exist)">William Killen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kensey_Johns_(judge)" title="Kensey Johns (judge)">Kensey Johns</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1789 – September 18, 1793</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Office established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Latimer_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Latimer (senator)">Henry Latimer</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">3rd Governor of Delaware</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 20, 1777 – March 31, 1778</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congressman<br />from Delaware</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 2, 1774 – December 17, 1777</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">new office</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1733-09-18</span>)</span>September 18, 1733<br /><a href="/wiki/Cecil_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil County">Cecil County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Province of Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 21, 1798<span style="display:none">(1798-09-21)</span> (aged 65)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle, Delaware</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Episcopal_Church_on_the_Green" title="Immanuel Episcopal Church on the Green">Immanuel Episcopal Churchyard</a>, New Castle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data">Federalist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Gertrude Ross Till</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Read_Jr." title="George Read Jr.">George Read Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_III" title="George Read III">George Read III</a> (grandchild)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Thane_Read" title="Thane Read">Thane Read</a> (great-great-great-great-grandchild)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle, Delaware</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">lawyer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Read_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)'s signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/George_Read_Signature.svg/128px-George_Read_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/George_Read_Signature.svg/192px-George_Read_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/George_Read_Signature.svg/256px-George_Read_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="76" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Read</b> (September 18, 1733 – September 21, 1798) was an American politician from New Castle in <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County,_Delaware" title="New Castle County, Delaware">New Castle County, Delaware</a>. He was a <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congressman</a> from <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, a delegate to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a> of 1787, president of Delaware, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a>. In addition, Read served as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from Delaware and <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of Delaware">chief justice of Delaware</a>. </p><p>Read was a <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father of the United States</a>, one of only two statesmen who signed four of the great state papers on which the country's founding is based: <a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a> and <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a>, both passed by the Congress of 1774, as well as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> in 1776 and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a> in 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Father">Father</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Father"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Read.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Read.svg/175px-Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Read.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Read.svg/263px-Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Read.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Read.svg/350px-Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Read.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of George Read</figcaption></figure> <p>Read was the son of John and Mary (Howell) Read. John Read was born in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland, the son of an Englishman of large fortune belonging to the family of Read of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>. The death of his beloved having left him bereft, John Read came to the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American colonies</a> and, with a view of diverting his mind, entered into extensive enterprises in Maryland and Delaware.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after his arrival in America, John Read purchased a large estate in <a href="/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland" title="Cecil County, Maryland">Cecil County, Maryland</a>, and founded with six associates the city of <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Maryland" title="Charlestown, Maryland">Charlestown</a> on the headwaters of <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>, with the intention of creating a new market for the northern trade. They developed northern Maryland and built up the neighboring iron works of the Principio Company, in which the older generations of the Washington family, and at a later period General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, were also largely interested.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an original proprietor of Charlestown, John Read was appointed by the colonial legislature of Maryland one of the commissioners to lay it out and govern it. He held various military offices during his life, and in his later years resided on his plantation in New Castle County.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>George Read was born at Cecil County, Maryland, on September 18, 1733. When he was an infant, the family moved to New Castle County, Delaware, settling near the village of Christiana. As he grew up, Read joined <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a> at the Rev. Francis Allison's Academy at <a href="/wiki/New_London_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="New London Township, Pennsylvania">New London, Pennsylvania</a>, and then studied law in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> with John Moland. He was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar in 1753, and a year later he returned home to establish a practice at New Castle. </p><p>In 1763 he married Gertrude Ross Till, daughter of the Rev. George Ross, the Anglican rector of Immanuel Church in New Castle and widowed sister of <a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a>, also a future signer of the Declaration of Independence. They had four children, John, George Jr., William, and Mary, who married Matthew Pearce (she is often confused with her paternal aunt, Mary Read, who in 1769 married <a href="/wiki/Gunning_Bedford_Sr." title="Gunning Bedford Sr.">Gunning Bedford, Sr.</a>, a future <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">Governor of Delaware</a>). They lived on The Strand in New Castle, and their house was in what is now the garden of the present Read House and Gardens, owned by the Delaware Historical Society. They were members of Immanuel Episcopal Church. </p><p>In 1763 <a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(governor)" title="John Penn (governor)">John Penn</a>, the proprietary governor, appointed Read crown attorney general for the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">three Delaware counties</a>, and he served in that position until leaving for the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> in 1774. He also served in the Colonial Assembly of the lower Delaware counties for twelve sessions, from 1764/65 through 1775/76. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/220px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/330px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/440px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1970" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(Trumbull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)">Declaration of Independence</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a> (1818) portrays the presentation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> to Congress.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eighteenth-century Delaware was politically divided into loose factions known as the "Court Party" and the "Country Party." The majority Court Party was generally Anglican, strongest in <a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Delaware" title="Kent County, Delaware">Kent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Delaware" title="Sussex County, Delaware">Sussex</a> Counties, worked well with the colonial proprietary government and was in favor of reconciliation with the British government. The minority Country Party was largely <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster-Scot</a>, centered in New Castle County, and quickly advocated independence from the British. Read was often the leader of the Court party faction, and as such he generally worked in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a> and his friend and neighbor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a>. </p><p>Read, like most other people in Delaware, was in favor of trying to reconcile differences with Great Britain. He opposed the <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp Act</a> and similar measures of Parliament but supported anti-importation measures and dignified protests. He was quite reluctant to pursue the option of outright independence. Nevertheless, from 1764 he led the Delaware <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence" title="Committees of correspondence">Committee of Correspondence</a> and was elected to serve along with the more radical McKean and Rodney in the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> from 1774 to 1777. He was frequently absent, and when the Congress voted on American Independence on July 2, 1776, Read surprised many by voting against it. That meant that Rodney had to ride overnight to Philadelphia to break the deadlock in Delaware's delegation for independence. However, when the Declaration of Independence was finally adopted, Read signed it despite his caution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_of_Delaware">Government of Delaware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Government of Delaware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anticipating the Declaration of Independence, the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">General Assembly</a> of the lower counties declared its separation from the British government on June 15, 1776, in the <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_Court_House_Museum" title="New Castle Court House Museum">New Castle Court House</a>. Once the Declaration of Independence was actually adopted, the General Assembly called for elections to a Delaware constitutional convention to draft a constitution for the new state. Read was elected to this convention, became its president, and guided the passage of the McKean-drafted document, which became the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Constitution_of_1776" title="Delaware Constitution of 1776">Delaware Constitution of 1776</a>. </p><p>Read was elected to the first Legislative Council of the Delaware General Assembly and was selected as the speaker in both the 1776/77 and 1777/78 sessions. At the time of the capture of <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_McKinly" title="John McKinly">John McKinly</a>, Read was in Philadelphia attending Congress; after narrowly escaping capture himself while he was returning home, he became president on October 20, 1777, serving until March 31, 1778. The British occupied Philadelphia and were in control of the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a>. Read tried, mostly in vain, to recruit additional soldiers and to protect the state from raiders from Philadelphia and off ships in the Delaware River. The Delaware General Assembly session of 1777/78 had to be moved to <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover, Delaware</a>, for safety, and the Sussex County General Assembly delegation was never seated because disruptions at the polls had negated the election results. </p><p>After Rodney was elected to replace him as president, Read continued to serve in the Legislative Council until the 1778–79 session. After a one-year rest nursing ill health, he was elected to the House of Assembly for the 1780/81 and 1781/82 sessions. He returned to the Legislative Council in the 1782/83 session and served two terms until the 1787/88 session. On December 5, 1782, he was elected judge of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th colspan="12" style="background: #ccccff;"><b><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">Delaware General Assembly</a></b> <br /> <small><i>(sessions while President)</i></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Year</b> </th> <th><b>Assembly</b> </th> <th> </th> <th><b>Senate Majority</b> </th> <th><b>Speaker</b> </th> <th> </th> <th><b>House Majority</b> </th> <th><b>Speaker</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1777/78 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">2nd</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#F6D6C9"><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#F6D6C9">George Read </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#F6D6C9"><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#F6D6C9">Samuel West </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federalist">Federalist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federalist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Read was again called to national service in 1786 when he represented Delaware at the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)" title="Annapolis Convention (1786)">Annapolis Convention</a>. Because so few states were represented, this meeting produced only a report calling for a broader convention to be held in Philadelphia the next year. At what became the Constitutional Convention, Read again represented Delaware. Quoting from Wright & Morris in their <i>Soldier-Statesmen of the Constitution</i>, </p> <blockquote><p>Read immediately argued for a new national government under a new Constitution, saying 'to amend the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles</a> was simply putting old cloth on a new garment.' He was a leader in the fight for a strong central government, advocating, at one time, the abolition of the states altogether and the consolidation of the country under one powerful national government. 'Let no one fear the states, the people are with us;' he declared to a Convention shocked by this radical proposal. With no one to support his motion, he settled for protecting the rights of the small states against the infringements of their larger, more populous neighbors who, he feared, would 'probably combine to swallow up the smaller ones by addition, division or impoverishment.' He warned that Delaware 'would become at once a cipher in the union' if the principle of equal representation embodied in the New Jersey (small-state) Plan was not adopted and if the method of amendment in the Articles was not retained. He favored giving Congress the power to veto state laws, making the federal legislature immune to popular whims by having senators hold office for nine years or during good behavior, and granting the U.S. President broad appointive powers. Outspoken, he threatened to lead the Delaware delegation out of the Convention if the rights of the small states were not specifically guaranteed in the new Constitution.</p></blockquote> <p>Once the rights were assured, he led the ratification movement in Delaware, which, partly as a result of his efforts, became the first state to ratify and did so unanimously. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senator">Senator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Senator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, the Delaware General Assembly elected Read as one of its two U.S. Senators. His term began on March 4, 1789, and he was reelected in 1791 but resigned on September 18, 1793. Read served with the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Administration_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Administration Party">Pro-Administration Party</a> majority in the First and Second Congress, under <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">President Washington</a>. He supported the assumption of state debts, establishment of a national bank, and the imposition of excise taxes. He resigned to accept an appointment as chief justice of the Delaware Supreme Court and served in that capacity until his death. </p><p>Read's resignation from the Senate was before the first session of the Third Congress assembled, but it was not until February 7, 1795, four weeks before it adjourned, that <a href="/wiki/Henry_Latimer_(politician)" title="Henry Latimer (politician)">Henry Latimer</a> was elected to replace him. One of Delaware's Senate seats was, therefore, vacant from September 18, 1793, until February 7, 1795. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Read_Plaque_at_Immanuel_Episcopal_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Thomas_Read_Plaque_at_Immanuel_Episcopal_Church.jpg/220px-Thomas_Read_Plaque_at_Immanuel_Episcopal_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Thomas_Read_Plaque_at_Immanuel_Episcopal_Church.jpg/330px-Thomas_Read_Plaque_at_Immanuel_Episcopal_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Thomas_Read_Plaque_at_Immanuel_Episcopal_Church.jpg/440px-Thomas_Read_Plaque_at_Immanuel_Episcopal_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>George Read plaque at <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Episcopal_Church_on_the_Green" title="Immanuel Episcopal Church on the Green">Immanuel Episcopal Church</a> graveyard in New Castle, Delaware</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CloseUpConstitutionNames.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/CloseUpConstitutionNames.JPG/220px-CloseUpConstitutionNames.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/CloseUpConstitutionNames.JPG/330px-CloseUpConstitutionNames.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/CloseUpConstitutionNames.JPG/440px-CloseUpConstitutionNames.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a> in Washington, D.C., Read's depicted signature is at the lower left</figcaption></figure> <p>Read died at New Castle on September 21, 1798, from heart problems and is buried there in the <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Episcopal_Church_on_the_Green#Cemetery" title="Immanuel Episcopal Church on the Green">Immanuel Episcopal Church Cemetery</a>. </p><p>William T. Read in his <i>Life and Correspondence</i> describes Read as "tall, slightly and gracefully formed, with pleasing features and lustrous brown eyes. His manners were dignified, bordering upon austerity, but courteous, and at times captivating. He commanded entire confidence, not only from his profound legal knowledge, sound judgment, and impartial decisions but from his severe integrity and the purity of his private character." However, a fellow delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 noted that "his legal abilities are said to be very great, but his powers of oratory are fatiguing and tiresome to the last degree; his voice is feeble and his articulation so bad that few can have patience to attend him." Historians like John Monroe have generally recognized that all in all, Read was the dominating figure in Delaware politics during his career, directly or indirectly providing consistent and reliable leadership to the new state.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His home, <a href="/wiki/Stonum" title="Stonum">Stonum</a>, is a historic landmark. There is a school in New Castle and a dorm at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a> named for Read. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Broadway musical <i><a href="/wiki/1776_(musical)" title="1776 (musical)">1776</a></i>, Read is portrayed in a minor role as a proper, conservative, somewhat effete, and wealthy planter who has difficulty getting along with the other two members of the Delaware contingent who are for Independence. Duane Bodin<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> played the character in the original Broadway cast and Leo Leyden appeared in the film version. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Read's brother <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Read_(naval_officer)" title="Thomas Read (naval officer)">Thomas</a> was an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Continental Navy</a> during the war. Another brother, James, was an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> and was later active in managing the navy under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>. Read's son <a href="/wiki/George_Read_Jr." title="George Read Jr.">George Read Jr.</a> served as the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. Attorney</a> for Delaware, and his grandson <a href="/wiki/George_Read_III" title="George Read III">George Read III</a> served as the second. Another son, <a href="/wiki/John_Read_(lawyer)" title="John Read (lawyer)">John Read</a>, was a noted lawyer and banker of Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Read's great-granddaughter, Louisa, married Major <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Kendrick_Pierce" title="Benjamin Kendrick Pierce">Benjamin Kendrick Pierce</a>, the brother of future <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acab_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible" style="border:1px #aaa solid;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Read family tree</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Father">John Read</a> (1688-1756) - married Mary (Howell) Read <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Read</a> (1733-1798) - married (Jan 11, 1763) Gertrude Ross Till (1735-1802) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_Jr." title="George Read Jr.">George Read Jr.</a> (1765-1836) - married (Oct 30, 1786) his cousin Mary Thompson (1767-1815), the daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Thompson_(general)" title="William Thompson (general)">General William Thompson</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_III" title="George Read III">George Read III</a> (1788-1836) - married (April 19, 1810) Louisa Ridgeley Dorsey (1792-1835) <ul><li>George Read IV (1812-1859) - married (Nov 9, 1843) Susan Chapman (-1872) <ul><li>William Thompson Read (1857-1896) - married (Jan 7, 1879) Antonia Pettit Saunders (1857-1940) <ul><li>William Saunders Read (1880-1916) - married (Jan 9, 1905) Estella C. Cook (1882-1968) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Thane_Read" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thane Read">William Thane Read</a> (1912-1996) - married (Dec 23, 1938) Mabel Gertrude Gill (1912-1999)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Catherine Anne (Read) McLane (1794-1826)</li> <li>William Thompson Read (1792-1873) - married Sally Thomas Read and founded the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Historical_Society" title="Delaware Historical Society">Delaware Historical Society</a></li> <li>John Dickinson Read (1803-1831) - never married</li> <li>Mary Gertrude Read (1805-1877)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Read_(lawyer)" title="John Read (lawyer)">John Read</a> (1769-1854) - married (1796) Martha Meredith Read <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Meredith_Read,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Meredith Read, Sr.">John Meredith Read Sr.</a> (1797-1874) - married (1828) Priscilla Marshall (–1841) and (1855) Amelia Thompson <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Meredith_Read_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Meredith Read Jr.">John Meredith Read Jr.</a> (1837-1896) - married (April 7, 1859) Delphine Marie Pumpelly (1833–1902)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Read_(naval_officer)" title="Thomas Read (naval officer)">Thomas Read</a> (1740-1788)</li> <li>James Read (1743-1822)</li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_held">Positions held</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Positions held"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elections for the Delaware General Assembly were held on October 1, and members took office on October 20 or the following weekday. The colonial attorney general was appointed by the Crown. The Legislative Council was created in 1776, and its councilmen had a three-year term. State assemblymen had a one-year term. The whole General Assembly chose the Continental Congressmen for a one-year term and the state president for a three-year term. Read served as interim state president, filling the vacancy created by the resignation of McKean. The chief justice of the state Supreme Court was also selected by the General Assembly for the life of the person appointed. The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who took office March 4 for a six-year term. However, Read's first term was only two years to establish a rotation. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th colspan="8" style="background: #ccccff;">Public Offices </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Office</b> </th> <th><b>Type</b> </th> <th><b>Location</b> </th> <th><b>Began office</b> </th> <th><b>Ended office</b> </th> <th><b>notes</b> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware Attorney General">Attorney General</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1763 </td> <td>October 20, 1774 </td> <td>Crown </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1764 </td> <td>October 21, 1765 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 21, 1765 </td> <td>October 20, 1766 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1766 </td> <td>October 20, 1767 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1767 </td> <td>October 20, 1768 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1768 </td> <td>October 20, 1769 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1769 </td> <td>October 20, 1770 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 21, 1770 </td> <td>October 20, 1771 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 21, 1771 </td> <td>October 20, 1772 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1772 </td> <td>October 20, 1773 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1773 </td> <td>October 20, 1774 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congressman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td>September 5, 1774 </td> <td>October 26, 1774 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1774 </td> <td>October 20, 1775 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congressman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td>May 10, 1775 </td> <td>October 21, 1775 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1775 </td> <td>June 15, 1776 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congressman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td>October 21, 1775 </td> <td>November 7, 1776 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td>Delegate </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_meeting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political meeting)">Convention</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a> </td> <td>August 27, 1776 </td> <td>September 21, 1776 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_meeting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political meeting)">State Constitution</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">Councilman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> </td> <td>October 28, 1776 </td> <td>October 20, 1779 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congressman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td>November 7, 1776 </td> <td>December 17, 1777 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">State President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1777 </td> <td>March 31, 1778 </td> <td>acting </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1780 </td> <td>October 20, 1781 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">Assemblyman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1781 </td> <td>October 20, 1782 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">Councilman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1782 </td> <td>October 20, 1785 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">Councilman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> </td> <td>October 20, 1785 </td> <td>October 20, 1788 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delegate_(American_politics)" title="Delegate (American politics)">Delegate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_meeting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political meeting)">Convention</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td>May 14, 1787 </td> <td>September 1, 1787 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">U.S. Constitution</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York</a> </td> <td>March 4, 1789 </td> <td>March 3, 1791 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td>March 4, 1791 </td> <td>September 18, 1793 </td> <td>resigned </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Supreme_Court" title="Delaware Supreme Court">Chief Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> </td> <td>September 30, 1793 </td> <td>September 21, 1798 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Supreme_Court" title="Delaware Supreme Court">State Supreme Court</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th colspan="7" style="background: #ccccff;">Delaware General Assembly service </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Dates</b> </th> <th><b>Assembly</b> </th> <th><b>Chamber</b> </th> <th><b>Majority</b> </th> <th><b>Governor</b> </th> <th><b>Committees</b> </th> <th><b>District</b> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#AACC99"> <td>1776/77 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">1st</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_McKinly" title="John McKinly">John McKinly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1777/78 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">2nd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1778/79 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">3rd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1780/81 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">5th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">State House</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1781/82 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">6th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">State House</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1782/83 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">7th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (governor)">Nicholas Van Dyke</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1783/84 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">8th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (governor)">Nicholas Van Dyke</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1784/85 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">9th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (governor)">Nicholas Van Dyke</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1785/86 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">10th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (governor)">Nicholas Van Dyke</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1786/87 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">11th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Collins_(governor)" title="Thomas Collins (governor)">Thomas Collins</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1787/88 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">12th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">State Council</a> </td> <td><i>non-partisan</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Collins_(governor)" title="Thomas Collins (governor)">Thomas Collins</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County">New Castle at-large</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th colspan="7" style="background: #ccccff;">United States Congressional service </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Dates</b> </th> <th><b>Congress</b> </th> <th><b>Chamber</b> </th> <th><b>Majority</b> </th> <th><b>President</b> </th> <th><b>Committees</b> </th> <th><b>Class/District</b> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1789–1791 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_United_States_Congress" title="1st United States Congress">1st</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Party (United States)">Pro-Administration</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">class 1</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1791–1793 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_United_States_Congress" title="2nd United States Congress">2nd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Party (United States)">Pro-Administration</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">class 1</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td>1793–1795 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_United_States_Congress" title="3rd United States Congress">3rd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Party (United States)">Pro-Administration</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">class 1</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">this seat was vacant from September 18, 1793, until February 7, 1795.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a> also signed these four documents, but in addition, Sherman was a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acab_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acab_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acab_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acab_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acab_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1900). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Read, John (planter)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Read,_John_(planter)">"Read, John, planter" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. New York: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Read%2C+John%2C+planter&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc02376)):">Library of Congress <i>Journals of the Continental Congress 1774–1789</i> (Government Printing Office, 1904–1937), Vol. 23, 765.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunroe1993" class="citation book cs1">Munroe, John A. (1993). <i>History of Delaware</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Delaware&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Munroe&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=2859">"1776"</a>. IBDB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1776&rft.pub=IBDB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibdb.com%2Fproduction.php%3Fid%3D2859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ledger.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org/ledger/students/2103">"Litchfield Ledger - Student"</a>. <i>ledger.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ledger.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org&rft.atitle=Litchfield+Ledger+-+Student&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fledger.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org%2Fledger%2Fstudents%2F2103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Congress met at Baltimore, Maryland, from December 20, 1776 to March 4, 1777, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on September 27, 1777, and at York, Pennsylvania, from September 30, 1777, to the end of his term. He did not attend the sessions at Lancaster or York.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConrad1908" class="citation book cs1">Conrad, Henry C. (1908). <i>History of the State of Delaware, 3 vols</i>. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Wickersham Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+State+of+Delaware%2C+3+vols.&rft.place=Lancaster%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Wickersham+Company&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Henry+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffecker2004" class="citation book cs1">Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). <i>Democracy in Delaware</i>. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-892142-23-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-892142-23-6"><bdi>1-892142-23-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+in+Delaware&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=Cedar+Tree+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-892142-23-6&rft.aulast=Hoffecker&rft.aufirst=Carol+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1984" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Roger A. (1984). <i>History of Delaware Through its Governors</i>. Wilmington, Delaware: McClafferty Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Delaware+Through+its+Governors&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=McClafferty+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1995" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Roger A. (1995). <i>Memoirs of the Senate</i>. Newark, Delaware: Roger A. Martin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+the+Senate&rft.place=Newark%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=Roger+A.+Martin&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunroe1954" class="citation book cs1">Munroe, John A. (1954). <i>Federalist Delaware 1775–1815</i>. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Federalist+Delaware+1775%E2%80%931815&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Rutgers+University&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Munroe&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunroe2004" class="citation book cs1">Munroe, John A. (2004). <i>Philadelawareans</i>. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-872-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-872-8"><bdi>0-87413-872-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philadelawareans&rft.place=Newark%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-87413-872-8&rft.aulast=Munroe&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRacino1980" class="citation book cs1">Racino, John W. (1980). <i>Biographical Directory of American and Revolutionary Governors 1607–1789</i>. Westport, CT: Meckler Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-930466-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-930466-00-4"><bdi>0-930466-00-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Directory+of+American+and+Revolutionary+Governors+1607%E2%80%931789&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Meckler+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-930466-00-4&rft.aulast=Racino&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScharf1888" class="citation book cs1">Scharf, John Thomas (1888). <i>History of Delaware 1609–1888. 2 vols</i>. Philadelphia: L. J. Richards & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-493-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-493-5"><bdi>0-87413-493-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Delaware+1609%E2%80%931888.+2+vols&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=L.+J.+Richards+%26+Co&rft.date=1888&rft.isbn=0-87413-493-5&rft.aulast=Scharf&rft.aufirst=John+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Read+%28American+politician%2C+born+1733%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000091">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russpickett.com/history/readbio.htm">Biography by Russell Pickett</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russpickett.com/history/delgov1.htm#gread">Delaware's Governors</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/read.html#R9M0JAG8Q">The Political Graveyard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.de.us/research/Tour/information/Governors/govs-01.shtml">Hall of Governors Portrait Gallery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090715161839/http://www.state.de.us/research/Tour/information/Governors/govs-01.shtml">Archived</a> 2009-07-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <i>Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Historical_Society" title="Delaware Historical Society">Delaware Historical Society</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961231010053/http://hsd.org/">website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.udel.edu/">Library website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051025072241/http://www.hsd.org/read.htm">Read House and Gardens</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060713010208/http://www.immanuelonthegreen.org/history/history_newcastle.html">Immanuel Episcopal Church</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">President of Delaware</a> </b><br />1781–1783 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Office established</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware"> U.S. senator from Delaware</a> </b><br />1789–1793 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Latimer_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Latimer (senator)">Henry Latimer</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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talk:Continental Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Continental_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continental Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continental_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Signatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Randolph" title="Peyton Randolph">Peyton Randolph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">John Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Folsom" title="Nathaniel Folsom">Nathaniel Folsom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts Bay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">Thomas Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Robert Treat Paine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(politician)" title="Stephen Hopkins (politician)">Stephen Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ward_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Samuel Ward (Rhode Island politician)">Samuel Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliphalet_Dyer" title="Eliphalet Dyer">Eliphalet Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Deane" title="Silas Deane">Silas Deane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Low" title="Isaac Low">Isaac Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alsop" title="John Alsop">John Alsop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane">James Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Livingston" title="Philip Livingston">Philip Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Floyd" title="William Floyd">William Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wisner" title="Henry Wisner">Henry Wisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Boerum" title="Simon Boerum">Simon Boerum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Kinsey" title="James Kinsey">James Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Livingston" title="William Livingston">William Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crane_(Continental_Congress)" title="Stephen Crane (Continental Congress)">Stephen Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Smith_(Continental_Congress)" title="Richard Smith (Continental Congress)">Richard Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_De_Hart" title="John De Hart">John De Hart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Galloway" title="Joseph Galloway">Joseph Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Humphreys" title="Charles Humphreys">Charles Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Biddle" title="Edward Biddle">Edward Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Lower Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Read</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Johnson (jurist)">Thomas Johnson, Junr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry, Junr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bland" title="Richard Bland">Richard Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pendleton" title="Edmund Pendleton">Edmund Pendleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hooper" title="William Hooper">William Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hewes" title="Joseph Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caswell" title="Richard Caswell">Richard Caswell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton" title="Henry Middleton">Henry Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(statesman)" title="Thomas Lynch (statesman)">Thomas Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gadsden" title="Christopher Gadsden">Christopher Gadsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress" title="Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress">Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Template:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Template talk:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physical_history_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence">Physical history of the Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary author</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">Signatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> (Massachusetts)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett" title="Josiah Bartlett">Josiah Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whipple" title="William Whipple">William Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Thornton" title="Matthew Thornton">Matthew Thornton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Robert Treat Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(politician)" title="Stephen Hopkins (politician)">Stephen Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery" title="William Ellery">William Ellery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(Connecticut_politician)" title="William Williams (Connecticut politician)">William Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott" title="Oliver Wolcott">Oliver Wolcott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Floyd" title="William Floyd">William Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Livingston" title="Philip Livingston">Philip Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lewis" title="Francis Lewis">Francis Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Morris" title="Lewis Morris">Lewis Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stockton_(Continental_Congressman)" title="Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)">Richard Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hopkinson" title="Francis Hopkinson">Francis Hopkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="John Hart (New Jersey politician)">John Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Clark" title="Abraham Clark">Abraham Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Smith_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Smith (Pennsylvania politician)">James Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Taylor_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Taylor (Pennsylvania politician)">George Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stone" title="Thomas Stone">Thomas Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wythe" title="George Wythe">George Wythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_Jr." title="Thomas Nelson Jr.">Thomas Nelson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lightfoot_Lee" title="Francis Lightfoot Lee">Francis Lightfoot Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Braxton" title="Carter Braxton">Carter Braxton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hooper" title="William Hooper">William Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hewes" title="Joseph Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="John Penn (North Carolina politician)">John Penn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heyward_Jr." title="Thomas Heyward Jr.">Thomas Heyward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_Jr." title="Thomas Lynch Jr.">Thomas Lynch Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Middleton" title="Arthur Middleton">Arthur Middleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Button Gwinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Lyman Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">George Walton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delegates voting<br />for Independence<br />(did not sign)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>New York</b>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Livingston" title="Robert R. Livingston">Robert R. Livingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wisner" title="Henry Wisner">Henry Wisner</a><br /> <b>Maryland</b>: <a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Rogers (Continental Congress)">John Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Declaration_of_Rights" title="Virginia Declaration of Rights">Virginia Declaration of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grievances_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence">27 grievances</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_history_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence">Document's history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">signing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Matlack" title="Timothy Matlack">Timothy Matlack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display<br />and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a></li> <li>Anniversaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a> (Washington, D.C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signers_Monument" title="Signers Monument">Signers Monument (Georgia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Voting_Independence" title="Congress Voting Independence">Pine portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)">Trumbull portrait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constitution_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constitution_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Preamble to the United States Constitution">Preamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Five of the United States Constitution">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Six_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Six of the United States Constitution">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Seven_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Seven of the United States Constitution">VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Amendments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Third Amendment to the United States Constitution">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1795–1804</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Unratified</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Apportionment_Amendment" title="Congressional Apportionment Amendment">Congressional Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Nobility_Amendment" title="Titles of Nobility Amendment">Titles of Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corwin_Amendment" title="Corwin Amendment">Corwin Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Labor_Amendment" title="Child Labor Amendment">Child Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Voting_Rights_Amendment" title="District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment">District of Columbia Voting Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of proposed amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget_amendment" title="Balanced budget amendment">Balanced budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_amendment" title="Campaign finance reform amendment">Campaign finance reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_amendment" title="Christian amendment">Christian amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" title="Crittenden Compromise">Crittenden Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_abolition_amendment" title="Electoral College abolition amendment">Electoral College abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Opportunity_to_Govern_Amendment" title="Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment">Equal Opportunity to Govern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Federal Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Desecration_Amendment" title="Flag Desecration Amendment">Flag Desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Life_Amendment" title="Human Life Amendment">Human Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_%22Liberty%22_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution">"Liberty" amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Amendment" title="Ludlow Amendment">Ludlow amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Rights_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution">Parental Rights amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_Prayer_Amendment" title="School Prayer Amendment">School Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_subject_amendment" title="Single subject amendment">Single subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victims%27_Rights_Amendment" title="Victims' Rights Amendment">Victims' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution">Convention to propose amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ratifying_conventions" title="State ratifying conventions">State ratifying conventions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="History of the United States Constitution">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)" title="Annapolis Convention (1786)">Annapolis Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Philadelphia Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Plan" title="Virginia Plan">Virginia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Plan" title="New Jersey Plan">New Jersey Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Compromise" title="Connecticut Compromise">Connecticut Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-fifths_Compromise" title="Three-fifths Compromise">Three-fifths Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Detail" title="Committee of Detail">Committee of Detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framers" class="mw-redirect" title="Framers">List of Framers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Signing of the United States Constitution">Signing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Printing of the United States Constitution">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_Papers" title="Anti-Federalist Papers">Anti-Federalist Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Compromise" title="Massachusetts Compromise">Massachusetts Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Ratifying_Convention" title="Virginia Ratifying Convention">Virginia Ratifying Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Circular_Letter" title="New York Circular Letter">New York Circular Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Convention" title="Hillsborough Convention">Hillsborough Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville_Convention" title="Fayetteville Convention">Fayetteville Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution_by_Rhode_Island" title="Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island">Rhode Island ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">Drafting and ratification timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_clauses_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="List of clauses of the United States Constitution">Clauses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointments_Clause" title="Appointments Clause">Appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriations_bill_(United_States)" title="Appropriations bill (United States)">Appropriations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_petition_in_the_United_States" title="Right to petition in the United States">Assemble and Petition Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistance_of_Counsel_Clause" title="Assistance of Counsel Clause">Assistance of Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_or_Controversy_Clause" title="Case or Controversy Clause">Case or Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Clause" title="Citizenship Clause">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_Process_Clause" title="Compulsory Process Clause">Compulsory Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confrontation_Clause" title="Confrontation Clause">Confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_power_of_enforcement" title="Congressional power of enforcement">Congressional enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright and Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Jeopardy_Clause" title="Double Jeopardy Clause">Double Jeopardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections clause">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_Clause" title="Engagements Clause">Engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause" title="Equal Protection Clause">Equal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause" title="Establishment Clause">Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Original_and_appellate_jurisdiction" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">Exceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessive_Bail_Clause" title="Excessive Bail Clause">Excessive Bail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_post_facto_law#United_States" title="Ex post facto law">Ex Post Facto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extradition_Clause" title="Extradition Clause">Extradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Exercise_Clause" title="Free Exercise Clause">Free Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of the press in the United States">Freedom of the Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">Freedom of Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Clause" title="Fugitive Slave Clause">Fugitive Slave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Faith_and_Credit_Clause" title="Full Faith and Credit Clause">Full Faith and Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause#General_Welfare_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">General Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarantee_Clause" title="Guarantee Clause">Guarantee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">House Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">Impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import-Export_Clause" title="Import-Export Clause">Import-Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ineligibility_Clause" title="Ineligibility Clause">Ineligibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-born-citizen_clause_(United_States)" title="Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)">Natural-born citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">Necessary and Proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Religious_Test_Clause" title="No Religious Test Clause">No Religious Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Oath of office of the president of the United States">Oath or Affirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States">Original Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origination_Clause" title="Origination Clause">Origination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_pardons_in_the_United_States" title="Federal pardons in the United States">Pardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Clause" title="Postal Clause">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentment_Clause" title="Presentment Clause">Presentment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Presidential Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">Presidential succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileges_and_Immunities_Clause" title="Privileges and Immunities Clause">Privileges and Immunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileges_or_Immunities_Clause" title="Privileges or Immunities Clause">Privileges or Immunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_2:_Making_recommendations_to_Congress" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Recommendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Self-incrimination" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Self-Incrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Speech or Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Trial_Clause" title="Speedy Trial Clause">Speedy Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_1:_State_of_the_Union" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">State of the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacy_Clause" title="Supremacy Clause">Supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Suspension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_5:_Caring_for_the_faithful_execution_of_the_law" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Take Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Eminent_domain" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Takings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing and Spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Federal_property_and_the_Territorial_Clause" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">Territorial</a></li> <li>Title of Nobility (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Emoluments_Clause" title="Foreign Emoluments Clause">Foreign Emoluments</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Clause" title="Treaty Clause">Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury_trial#United_States" title="Jury trial">Trial by Jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesting_Clauses" title="Vesting Clauses">Vesting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Legislative_Vesting_Clause" title="Legislative Vesting Clause">Legislative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Executive_Vesting_Clause" title="Executive Vesting Clause">Executive</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Vesting_Clause" title="Judicial Vesting Clause">Judicial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicinage_Clause" title="Vicinage Clause">Vicinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Powers_Clause" title="War Powers Clause">War Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interpretation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(federalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of power (federalism)">Balance of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_powers" title="Concurrent powers">Concurrent powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law_of_the_United_States" title="Constitutional law of the United States">Constitutional law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_constitutional_criminal_procedure" title="United States constitutional criminal procedure">Criminal procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_constitutional_sentencing_law" title="United States constitutional sentencing law">Criminal sentencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">Dormant Commerce Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enumerated_powers_(United_States)" title="Enumerated powers (United States)">Enumerated powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_footing" title="Equal footing">Equal footing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_privilege" title="Executive privilege">Executive privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implied_powers" title="Implied powers">Implied powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_of_the_Bill_of_Rights" title="Incorporation of the Bill of Rights">Incorporation of the Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_the_United_States" title="Judicial review in the United States">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondelegation_doctrine#United_States" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenary_power" title="Plenary power">Plenary power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">Preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_powers" title="Reserved powers">Reserved powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetric_federalism" title="Symmetric federalism">Symmetric federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_protester_constitutional_arguments" title="Tax protester constitutional arguments">Taxation power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Framers" class="mw-redirect" title="Framers">Signatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convention President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">John Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gilman" title="Nicholas Gilman">Nicholas Gilman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Gorham" title="Nathaniel Gorham">Nathaniel Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Samuel_Johnson" title="William Samuel Johnson">William Samuel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Livingston" title="William Livingston">William Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brearley" title="David Brearley">David Brearley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)" title="William Paterson (judge)">William Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Thomas Fitzsimons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunning_Bedford_Jr." title="Gunning Bedford Jr.">Gunning Bedford Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bassett_(Delaware_politician)" title="Richard Bassett (Delaware politician)">Richard Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Broom" title="Jacob Broom">Jacob Broom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_McHenry" title="James McHenry">James McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer" title="Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer">Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Blair_Jr." title="John Blair Jr.">John Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Blount" title="William Blount">William Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dobbs_Spaight" title="Richard Dobbs Spaight">Richard Dobbs Spaight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Williamson" title="Hugh Williamson">Hugh Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">Charles Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(American_politician)" title="Pierce Butler (American politician)">Pierce Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Few" title="William Few">William Few</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Abraham Baldwin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convention Secretary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(secretary)" title="William Jackson (secretary)">William Jackson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_of_Debates_in_the_Federal_Convention_of_1787" title="Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787">Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Shallus" title="Jacob Shallus">Jacob Shallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Bibliography of the United States Constitution">Bibliography of the United States Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display<br />and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Mall_(Philadelphia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Mall (Philadelphia)">Independence Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_and_Citizenship_Day" title="Constitution Day and Citizenship Day">Constitution Day and Citizenship Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Week" title="Constitution Week">Constitution Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constitution_Center" title="National Constitution Center">National Constitution Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution</a></i> (painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)">A More Perfect Union</a></i> (film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_influence_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Worldwide influence of the Constitution of the United States">Worldwide influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Delaware" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="Template:United States senators from Delaware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="Template talk:United States senators from Delaware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Delaware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Delaware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">United States senators from Delaware</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Latimer_(politician)" title="Henry Latimer (politician)">Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_White_(American_politician)" title="Samuel White (American politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outerbridge_Horsey" title="Outerbridge Horsey">Horsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus_Rodney" title="Caesar Augustus Rodney">C. A. Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clayton" title="Thomas Clayton">T. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Naudain" title="Arnold Naudain">Naudain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Bayard" title="Richard H. Bayard">R. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">J. M. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wales" title="John Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_Jr." title="James A. Bayard Jr.">J. Bayard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Riddle" title="George R. Riddle">Riddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_Jr." title="James A. Bayard Jr.">J. Bayard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">T. Bayard Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gray_(Delaware_politician)" title="George Gray (Delaware politician)">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Heisler_Ball" title="L. Heisler Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._du_Pont" title="Henry A. du Pont">H. du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_O._Wolcott" title="Josiah O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Coleman_du_Pont" title="T. Coleman du Pont">T. C. du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard_Jr." title="Thomas F. Bayard Jr.">T. Bayard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Townsend_Jr." title="John G. Townsend Jr.">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Tunnell" title="James M. Tunnell">Tunnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Williams_(politician)" title="John J. Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roth" title="William Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bassett_(Delaware_politician)" title="Richard Bassett (Delaware politician)">Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vining" title="John Vining">Vining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Clayton" title="Joshua Clayton">J. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Wells" title="William H. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_(politician,_born_1767)" title="James A. Bayard (politician, born 1767)">J. Bayard Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Wells" title="William H. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(politician,_born_1769)" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (politician, born 1769)">Van Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rodney" title="Daniel Rodney">D. Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Ridgely" title="Henry M. Ridgely">Ridgely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">J. M. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clayton" title="Thomas Clayton">T. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presley_Spruance" title="Presley Spruance">Spruance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">J. M. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Comegys" title="Joseph P. Comegys">Comegys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_W._Bates" title="Martin W. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Saulsbury_Sr." title="Willard Saulsbury Sr.">W. Saulsbury Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Saulsbury" title="Eli Saulsbury">E. Saulsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Higgins_(politician)" title="Anthony Higgins (politician)">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Kenney" title="Richard R. Kenney">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Frank_Allee" title="J. Frank Allee">Allee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_A._Richardson" title="Harry A. Richardson"> Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Saulsbury_Jr." title="Willard Saulsbury Jr.">W. Saulsbury Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Heisler_Ball" title="L. Heisler Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Coleman_du_Pont" title="T. Coleman du Pont">T. C. du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_O._Hastings" title="Daniel O. Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Hughes" title="James H. Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglass_Buck" title="C. Douglass Buck">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Allen_Frear_Jr." title="J. Allen Frear Jr.">Frear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Caleb_Boggs" title="J. Caleb Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaufman" title="Ted Kaufman">Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Coons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_Delaware" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Delaware" title="Template:Governors of Delaware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Delaware" title="Template talk:Governors of Delaware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Delaware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Delaware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_Delaware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">Governors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Delaware" title="Lieutenant Governor of Delaware">lieutenant governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinly" title="John McKinly">McKinly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cook_(governor)" title="John Cook (governor)">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(politician,_born_1738)" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (politician, born 1738)">Van Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Collins_(governor)" title="Thomas Collins (governor)">T. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_Davis" title="Jehu Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Clayton" title="Joshua Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunning_Bedford_Sr." title="Gunning Bedford Sr.">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rogers_(politician)" title="Daniel Rogers (politician)">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bassett_(Delaware_politician)" title="Richard Bassett (Delaware politician)">Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sykes_(governor)" title="James Sykes (governor)">Sykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hall_(Delaware_politician)" title="David Hall (Delaware politician)">D. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Mitchell" title="Nathaniel Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Truitt" title="George Truitt">Truitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haslet" title="Joseph Haslet">Haslet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rodney" title="Daniel Rodney">D. Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clark_(Delaware_governor)" title="John Clark (Delaware governor)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Molleston" title="Henry Molleston">Molleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Stout" title="Jacob Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Collins_(governor)" title="John Collins (governor)">J. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Rodney" title="Caleb Rodney">Caleb Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haslet" title="Joseph Haslet">Haslet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_(Delaware_governor)" title="Charles Thomas (Delaware governor)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Paynter" title="Samuel Paynter">Paynter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Polk_Jr." title="Charles Polk Jr.">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hazzard" title="David Hazzard">Hazzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_P._Bennett" title="Caleb P. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Polk_Jr." title="Charles Polk Jr.">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Comegys" title="Cornelius P. Comegys">Comegys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Cooper_(Delaware_politician)" title="William B. Cooper (Delaware politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stockton" title="Thomas Stockton">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Maull" title="Joseph Maull">Maull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(politician)" title="William Temple (politician)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tharp" title="William Tharp">Tharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._H._Ross" title="William H. H. Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_F._Causey" title="Peter F. Causey">Causey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burton_(governor)" title="William Burton (governor)">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cannon" title="William Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gove_Saulsbury" title="Gove Saulsbury">Saulsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ponder" title="James Ponder">Ponder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Cochran" title="John P. Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hall" title="John W. Hall">J. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Stockley" title="Charles C. Stockley">Stockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_T._Biggs" title="Benjamin T. Biggs">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Reynolds" title="Robert J. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_H._Marvil" title="Joshua H. Marvil">Marvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Watson" title="William T. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebe_W._Tunnell" title="Ebe W. Tunnell">Tunnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunn_(governor)" title="John Hunn (governor)">Hunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Lea" title="Preston Lea">Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_S._Pennewill" title="Simeon S. Pennewill">Pennewill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Miller_(politician)" title="Charles R. Miller (politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Townsend_Jr." title="John G. Townsend Jr.">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Denney" title="William D. Denney">Denney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Robinson_(Delaware_politician)" title="Robert P. Robinson (Delaware politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglass_Buck" title="C. Douglass Buck">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_McMullen" title="Richard McMullen">McMullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_W._Bacon" title="Walter W. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_N._Carvel" title="Elbert N. Carvel">Carvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Caleb_Boggs" title="J. Caleb Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Buckson" title="David P. Buckson">Buckson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_N._Carvel" title="Elbert N. Carvel">Carvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Terry_Jr." title="Charles L. Terry Jr.">Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_W._Peterson" title="Russell W. Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_W._Tribbitt" title="Sherman W. Tribbitt">Tribbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_du_Pont" title="Pete du Pont">du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Castle" title="Mike Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_E._Wolf" title="Dale E. Wolf">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ann_Minner" title="Ruth Ann Minner">Minner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Markell" title="Jack Markell">Markell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carney_(Delaware_politician)" title="John Carney (Delaware politician)">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Meyer" title="Matt Meyer">Meyer</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Seal_of_Delaware.svg/75px-Seal_of_Delaware.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Seal_of_Delaware.svg/113px-Seal_of_Delaware.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Seal_of_Delaware.svg/150px-Seal_of_Delaware.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="349" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lieutenant<br />governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_L._Cannon" title="Philip L. Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_T._Parker" title="Isaac T. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Mendinhall" title="John M. Mendinhall">Mendinhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colen_Ferguson" title="Colen Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_E._Eliason" title="Lewis E. Eliason">Eliason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Danforth_Bush" title="J. Danforth Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Anderson_(politician)" title="James H. Anderson (politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Hazel" title="James H. Hazel">Hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_F._Corley" title="Roy F. Corley">Corley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Cooch" title="Edward W. Cooch">Cooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_J._MacCollum" title="Isaac J. MacCollum">MacCollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_N._Carvel" title="Elbert N. Carvel">Carvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_I._du_Pont_Bayard" title="Alexis I. du Pont Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Rollins" title="John W. Rollins">Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Buckson" title="David P. Buckson">Buckson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Lammot" title="Eugene Lammot">Lammot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_W._Tribbitt" title="Sherman W. Tribbitt">Tribbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Bookhammer" title="Eugene Bookhammer">Bookhammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._McGinnis" title="James D. McGinnis">McGinnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Castle" title="Mike Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._B._Woo" title="S. B. Woo">Woo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_E._Wolf" title="Dale E. Wolf">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ann_Minner" title="Ruth Ann Minner">Minner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carney_(Delaware_politician)" title="John Carney (Delaware politician)">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Denn" title="Matthew Denn">Denn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Hall-Long" title="Bethany Hall-Long">Hall-Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Evans_Gay" title="Kyle Evans Gay">Gay</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471303#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471303#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471303#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000032608513">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/13896917">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/263387/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbGWpMHKvTbWJ7D8hppT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1194596878">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89103643">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987011288733805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000091">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10601774">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qk88b1">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6b85cc2">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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