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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Threats</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Threats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Threats subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Habitat_degradation_and_modification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_degradation_and_modification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Habitat degradation and modification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_degradation_and_modification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Environmental changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potential_illegal_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_illegal_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Potential illegal trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_illegal_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botanical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botanical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Botanical history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botanical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infraspecific_taxa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infraspecific_taxa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Infraspecific taxa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infraspecific_taxa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نبتة الناعورة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبتة الناعورة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BF" title="মল্লিকা ঝাঁঝি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মল্লিকা ঝাঁঝি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Альдраванда пухіраватая – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альдраванда пухіраватая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Алдрованда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алдрованда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovandka_m%C4%9Bch%C3%BD%C5%99kat%C3%A1" title="Aldrovandka měchýřkatá – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aldrovandka měchýřkatá" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserfalle" title="Wasserfalle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wasserfalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%A8_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="چرخ‌آب ریزتاول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چرخ‌آب ریزتاول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%A8%B9%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%90" title="벌레먹이말 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벌레먹이말" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjehurasta_vodena_stupica" title="Mjehurasta vodena stupica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mjehurasta vodena stupica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaman_kincir_air" title="Tanaman kincir air – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanaman kincir air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABsl%C4%97toji_aldr%C5%ABn%C4%97" title="Pūslėtoji aldrūnė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pūslėtoji aldrūnė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watervlegevenger" title="Watervlegevenger – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Watervlegevenger" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda" title="Aldrovanda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aldrovanda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Водениче – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Водениче" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ناعوره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناعوره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watervliegenval" title="Watervliegenval – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Watervliegenval" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A2" title="ムジナモ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムジナモ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrowanda_p%C4%99cherzykowata" title="Aldrowanda pęcherzykowata – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aldrowanda pęcherzykowata" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovandka_p%C4%BEuzgierkat%C3%A1" title="Aldrovandka pľuzgierkatá – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aldrovandka pľuzgierkatá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Водена ступица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Водена ступица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Альдрованда пухирчаста – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альдрованда пухирчаста" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rong_%C4%83n_th%E1%BB%8Bt" title="Rong ăn thịt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rong ăn thịt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aldrovanda vesiculosa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%8A%E6%B3%A1%E8%B2%89%E8%97%BB" title="囊泡貉藻 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="囊泡貉藻" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q572652#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant (waterwheel plant)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AldrovandaVesiculosaHabit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/AldrovandaVesiculosaHabit.jpg/220px-AldrovandaVesiculosaHabit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/AldrovandaVesiculosaHabit.jpg/330px-AldrovandaVesiculosaHabit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/AldrovandaVesiculosaHabit.jpg/440px-AldrovandaVesiculosaHabit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1162" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status)">Endangered</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Aldrovanda" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aldrovanda" title="Aldrovanda"><i>Aldrovanda</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A. vesiculosa</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aldrovanda_distribution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Aldrovanda_distribution.svg/220px-Aldrovanda_distribution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Aldrovanda_distribution.svg/330px-Aldrovanda_distribution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Aldrovanda_distribution.svg/440px-Aldrovanda_distribution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Distribution </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-POWO,_2023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO,_2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Drosera aldrovanda</i> <small>F.Muell.</small></li> <li><i>Anacampseros polyphylla</i> <small>(Haw.) Sweet</small></li> <li><i>Ruelingia polyphylla</i> <small>Haw.</small></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda generalis</i> <small>E.H.L.Krause</small></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda verticillata</i> <small>Roxb.</small></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>australis</i> <small>Darwin</small></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>duriaei</i> <small>Casp.</small></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>rubescens</i> <small>A.T.Cross & Adamec</small></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>verticillata</i> <small>(Roxb.) Darwin</small></li> <li><i>Talinum polyphyllum</i> <small>(Haw.) Link</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AldrovandaVesiculosaSeedsGermination.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/AldrovandaVesiculosaSeedsGermination.jpg/220px-AldrovandaVesiculosaSeedsGermination.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/AldrovandaVesiculosaSeedsGermination.jpg/330px-AldrovandaVesiculosaSeedsGermination.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/AldrovandaVesiculosaSeedsGermination.jpg/440px-AldrovandaVesiculosaSeedsGermination.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Germinating <i>Aldrovanda</i> seeds</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</b></i>, commonly known as the <b>waterwheel plant</b>, is the sole <a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">extant</a> species in the <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a> genus <i><a href="/wiki/Aldrovanda" title="Aldrovanda">Aldrovanda</a></i> of the family <a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a>. The plant captures small aquatic <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> using traps similar to those of the <a href="/wiki/Venus_flytrap" title="Venus flytrap">Venus flytrap</a>. The traps are arranged in whorls around a central, free-floating stem, giving rise to the common name. This is one of the few plant species capable of <a href="/wiki/Rapid_plant_movement" title="Rapid plant movement">rapid movement</a>. </p><p>While the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Aldrovanda" title="Aldrovanda">Aldrovanda</a></i> is now monotypic, up to 19 extinct species are known in the fossil record.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cross2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the species displays a degree of morphological plasticity between populations, <i>A. vesiculosa</i> possesses a very low genetic diversity across its entire range.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross2012_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>A. vesiculosa</i> has declined over the last century to only 50 confirmed extant populations worldwide. These are spread across Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross2012_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, potentially <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> populations exist in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">eastern United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Renault_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renault-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is kept by hobbyists. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> is a rootless <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_plant" title="Aquatic plant">aquatic plant</a>. Seedlings develop a short protoroot; however, this fails to develop further and senesces. The plant consists of floating <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stems</a> reaching a length of 6–40 cm (2–16 in).<sup id="cite_ref-Cross2012_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2–3 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) trap leaves grow in <a href="/wiki/Whorl_(botany)" title="Whorl (botany)">whorls</a> of between 5 and 9 in close succession along the plant's central stem. The actual traps are held by petioles which have air sacs that aid in flotation. One end of the stem continually grows while the other end dies off. Growth is quite rapid (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4–9 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) per day in Japanese populations<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), so that in optimal conditions a new whorl is produced once or more each day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trap">Trap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Trap"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The actual traps consist of two lobes which fold together to form a snap-trap similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Venus_flytrap" title="Venus flytrap">Venus flytrap</a>, except that it is smaller and located underwater. These traps, which are twisted so that the trap openings point outward, are lined on the inside by a fine coating of trigger hairs, snapping shut in response to contact with aquatic invertebrates and trapping them. The closing of this trap takes 10–20 milliseconds,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it one of the fastest examples of <a href="/wiki/Rapid_plant_movement" title="Rapid plant movement">plant movement</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">kingdom</a>. This trapping is only possible in warm conditions of at least 20 °C (68 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each trap is surrounded by between four and six <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">6–8 millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) long <a href="/wiki/Bristle" title="Bristle">bristles</a> that prevent triggering of traps by debris in the water.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrient_acquisition">Nutrient acquisition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nutrient acquisition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A. vesiculosa</i> is able to grow in nutrient-poor habitats not only due to its carnivory, but also due to its ability to re-utilize nutrients from senesced shoots,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its high affinity for mineral nutrients in water.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flowers">Flowers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flowers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The small, solitary white <a href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</a> of <i>A. vesiculosa</i> are supported above the water by short peduncles which arise from whorl axes. The flower only opens for a few hours, after which the structure is brought back beneath the water for <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a> production. The seeds are cryptocotylar: the <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledons</a> remain hidden within the seed coat and serve as an energy store for the seedling. Flowering, however, is rare in temperate regions and poorly successful in terms of fruit and seed development.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross2012_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Divisions">Divisions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> reproduces most often through <a href="/wiki/Vegetative_reproduction" title="Vegetative reproduction">vegetative reproduction</a>. In favourable conditions, adult plants will produce an offshoot every <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3–4 cm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in),<sup id="cite_ref-Breckpot1997_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breckpot1997-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in new plants as the tips continue to grow and the old ends die off and separate. Due to the rapid growth rate of this species, countless new plants can be produced in a short period of time in this fashion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turions">Turions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Turions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winter-hardy <i>Aldrovanda</i> form <a href="/wiki/Turion_(botany)" title="Turion (botany)">turions</a> as a frost survival strategy. At the onset of winter, the growth tip starts producing highly reduced non-carnivorous leaves on a severely shortened stem. This results in a tight bud of protective leaves which, being heavier and having released flotational gases, breaks off the mother plant and sinks to the water bottom, where temperatures are stable and warmer. Here it can withstand temperatures as low as −15 °C (5 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Adamec1999_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adamec1999-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wild, <i>Aldrovanda</i> turions have been observed to have a relatively low rate of successful sinking.<sup id="cite_ref-Adamec1999_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adamec1999-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those nutritious turions that fail to sink are then grazed by waterfowl or are killed by the onset of frost. In spring when water temperatures rise above 12–15 °C (54–59 °F), turions reduce their density and float to the top of the water, where they germinate and resume growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Adamec1999_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adamec1999-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-dormant turion-like organs can also form in response to summer drought.<sup id="cite_ref-Adamec1999_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adamec1999-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> is the second most widely distributed carnivorous plant species, only behind members of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Utricularia" title="Utricularia">Utricularia</a></i>, native to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. <i>Aldrovanda</i> is spread mainly through the movement of waterfowl: plants sticking to the feet of a bird are transported to the next aquatic destination on the bird's route. As a result, most <i>Aldrovanda</i> populations are located along avian migratory routes. Throughout the last century the species has become increasingly rare, listed as extinct in an increasingly large number of countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross2012_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, carnivorous plant hobbyists introduced this species to small backyard ponds in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in the states of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskills</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and they may be a potentially <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> due to their effects on aquatic invertebrates.<sup id="cite_ref-Renault_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renault-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats">Threats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitat_degradation_and_modification">Habitat degradation and modification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Habitat degradation and modification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The waterwheel plant faces significant conservation threats related to habitat degradation and human-induced modifications. Residential and commercial development, along with agricultural and aquacultural activities, pose immediate risks to the species. The impacts of these activities on the plant's aquatic habitats are of particular concern.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_changes">Environmental changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Across Europe, the species is confronted by several environmental challenges, as identified by the Commission of the European Union. Acidification, canalization, drainage, eutrophication, pollution, and various forms of habitat modification are highlighted as threats. These changes in the natural environment have the potential to disrupt the waterwheel plant's habitats and populations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potential_illegal_trade">Potential illegal trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Potential illegal trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the extent and effects of illegal trade remain uncertain, it is believed that some illegal activities involving Aldrovanda vesiculosa may occur. This potential threat adds complexity to the conservation challenges faced by the species.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A. vesiculosa</i> prefers clean, shallow, warm, standing water with bright light, low nutrient levels, and a slightly <a href="/wiki/Acidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Acidic">acidic</a> <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> (around 6). It can be found floating amongst <a href="/wiki/Juncus" title="Juncus">Juncus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phragmites" title="Phragmites">reeds</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Waterwheel (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) thrives in a range of aquatic habitats, including small fens, peat-bog pools, billabongs, lakes, lagoons, and river deltas. It prefers oligo-mesotrophic and dystrophic systems with low nutrient levels. These plants are commonly found in shallow backwaters or the littoral zones of larger lakes, where they face less competition from other aquatic species and where water levels remain relatively stable throughout the growing season. The Waterwheel is highly intolerant of habitat degradation, and even minor changes in water chemistry can lead to local extinction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botanical_history">Botanical history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Botanical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aldrovanda_vesiculosa_specimen2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa_specimen2.jpg/220px-Aldrovanda_vesiculosa_specimen2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa_specimen2.jpg/330px-Aldrovanda_vesiculosa_specimen2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa_specimen2.jpg/440px-Aldrovanda_vesiculosa_specimen2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Herbarium specimens deposited at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_National_d%27Histoire_Naturelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle">Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> was first mentioned and illustrated in 1691 by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Plukenet" title="Leonard Plukenet">Leonard Plukenet</a>, based on collections made in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. He named the plant <i>Lenticula palustris Indica</i>. The modern botanical name originates from Gaetano Lorenzo Monti, who described Italian specimens in 1747 and named them <i>Aldrovand<b>i</b>a vesiculosa</i> in honor of the Italian naturalist <a href="/wiki/Ulisse_Aldrovandi" title="Ulisse Aldrovandi">Ulisse Aldrovandi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> published his <i><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i> in 1753, the "i" was dropped from the name (an apparent copying error)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to form the modern binomial.<sup id="cite_ref-Breckpot1997_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breckpot1997-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infraspecific_taxa">Infraspecific taxa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Infraspecific taxa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>rubescens</i> A.Cross and L.Adamec (2012)</li> <li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>aquitanica</i> Durieu <i>ex</i> Diels (1906) <i>nom. illeg.</i></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>australis</i> Darwin (1876) <i>nom. illeg.</i></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>duriaei</i> Caspary (1859) <i>nom. illeg.</i></li> <li><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i> var. <i>verticillata</i> (Roxb.) Darwin (1876) <i>nom. illeg.</i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnivorous_plant" title="Carnivorous plant">Carnivorous plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladderwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Bladderwort">Bladderwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrocladia_concrescens" title="Chondrocladia concrescens">Chondrocladia concrescens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrossAdamec2020" class="citation journal cs1">Cross, A.; Adamec, L. 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(2000-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1026567300241">"Rootless Aquatic Plant Aldrovanda Vesiculosa: Physiological Polarity, Mineral Nutrition, and Importance of Carnivory"</a>. <i>Biologia Plantarum</i>. <b>43</b> (1): 113–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1026567300241">10.1023/A:1026567300241</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41138568">41138568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologia+Plantarum&rft.atitle=Rootless+Aquatic+Plant+Aldrovanda+Vesiculosa%3A+Physiological+Polarity%2C+Mineral+Nutrition%2C+and+Importance+of+Carnivory&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=113-119&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1026567300241&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41138568%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Adamec&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1023%252FA%253A1026567300241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAldrovanda+vesiculosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamecKovářová2006" class="citation journal cs1">Adamec, Lubomír; Kovářová, Milena (2006-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02806556">"Field growth characteristics of two aquatic carnivorous plants,Aldrovanda vesiculosa andUtricularia australis"</a>. <i>Folia Geobotanica</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 395–406. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006FolGe..41..395A">2006FolGe..41..395A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02806556">10.1007/BF02806556</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1874-9348">1874-9348</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29490193">29490193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Geobotanica&rft.atitle=Field+growth+characteristics+of+two+aquatic+carnivorous+plants%2CAldrovanda+vesiculosa+andUtricularia+australis&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=395-406&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02806556&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29490193%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1874-9348&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006FolGe..41..395A&rft.aulast=Adamec&rft.aufirst=Lubom%C3%ADr&rft.au=Kov%C3%A1%C5%99ov%C3%A1%2C+Milena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2FBF02806556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAldrovanda+vesiculosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breckpot1997-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Breckpot1997_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breckpot1997_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreckpot,_Christian1997" class="citation journal cs1">Breckpot, Christian (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/samples/NatHist263Aldro.htm">"<i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i>: Description, Distribution, Ecology and Cultivation"</a>. <i>Carnivorous Plant Newsletter</i>. <b>26</b>: 73–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.55360%2Fcpn263.cb707">10.55360/cpn263.cb707</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254434122">254434122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carnivorous+Plant+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Aldrovanda+vesiculosa%3A+Description%2C+Distribution%2C+Ecology+and+Cultivation&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=73-82&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.55360%2Fcpn263.cb707&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254434122%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Breckpot%2C+Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnivorousplants.org%2Fcpn%2Fsamples%2FNatHist263Aldro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAldrovanda+vesiculosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adamec1999-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adamec1999_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adamec1999_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adamec1999_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adamec1999_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Adamec: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/samples/Science281Turion.htm">Turion overwintering of aquatic carnivorous plants..</a></i> in: <i>Carnivorous plant newsletter.</i> Arboretum, Fullerton Ca 28.1999,1, 19–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/162346/83998419">"Redlist - Aldrovanda vesiculosa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Redlist+-+Aldrovanda+vesiculosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F162346%2F83998419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAldrovanda+vesiculosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monti, G. De Aldrovandia nova herba palustris genere. De Bononiensi Scientiarum et Artium Instituto atque Academia commentarii. v. 2 pt.3, 402. 1747</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duval-Jouve, 1861, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 8:518-519.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrovanda_vesiculosa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572652" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q572652">Q572652</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aldrovanda_vesiculosa" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Aldrovanda vesiculosa">Aldrovanda vesiculosa</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/23743">23743</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/80908">80908</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/aldrovanda-vesiculosa/">aldrovanda-vesiculosa</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id40111">40111</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/BLFR">BLFR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/2886782">2886782</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ALVVE">ALVVE</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/168992">168992</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/11098">11098</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200009762">200009762</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Aldrovanda%20vesiculosa">Aldrovanda vesiculosa</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009762">200009762</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3190715">3190715</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2179">2179</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/123278">123278</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/321755-1">321755-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/112102">112102</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/162346">162346</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NAS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=2958">2958</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000163567">NBNSYS0000163567</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=173386">173386</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NSWFlora" class="mw-redirect" title="NSWFlora">NSWFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Aldrovanda~vesiculosa">Aldrovanda~vesiculosa</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraNT" title="FloraNT">NTFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=1859">1859</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/149786/">149786</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=857648">857648</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=1701">1701</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-5903">kew-5903</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ALVE3">ALVE3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A321755-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:321755-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/11400043">11400043</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000940527">wfo-0000940527</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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