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effects</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: transient effects"> <meta name="keywords" content="transient effects"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="transient effects"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11097</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: transient effects</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11007</span> Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Analysis of Natural Ventilation in Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20J.%20Wong">A. W. J. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20H.%20Ibrahim"> I. H. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing urbanisation has driven building designers to incorporate natural ventilation in the designs of sustainable buildings. This project utilises Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the natural ventilation of an academic building, SIT@SP, using an assessment criterion based on daily mean temperature and mean velocity. The areas of interest are the pedestrian level of first and fourth levels of the building. A reference case recommended by the Architectural Institute of Japan was used to validate the simulation model. The validated simulation model was then used for coupled simulations on SIT@SP and neighbouring geometries, under two wind speeds. Both steady and transient simulations were used to identify differences in results. Steady and transient results are agreeable with the transient simulation identifying peak velocities during flow development. Under a lower wind speed, the first level was sufficiently ventilated while the fourth level was not. The first level has excessive wind velocities in the higher wind speed and the fourth level was adequately ventilated. Fourth level flow velocity was consistently lower than those of the first level. This is attributed to either simulation model error or poor building design. SIT@SP is concluded to have a sufficiently ventilated first level and insufficiently ventilated fourth level. Future works for this project extend to modifying the urban geometry, simulation model improvements, evaluation using other assessment metrics and extending the area of interest to the entire building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildings" title="buildings">buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20Simulations" title=" CFD Simulations"> CFD Simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title=" natural ventilation"> natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20airflow" title=" urban airflow"> urban airflow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52173/utilizing-computational-fluid-dynamics-in-the-analysis-of-natural-ventilation-in-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11006</span> Transient Electrical Resistivity and Elastic Wave Velocity of Sand-Cement-Inorganic Binder Mixture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiza%20Rusati%20Pacifique">Kiza Rusati Pacifique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-il%20Song"> Ki-il Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cement milk grout has been used for ground improvement. Due to the environmental issues related to cement, the reduction of cement usage is requesting. In this study, inorganic binder is introduced to reduce the use of cement contents for ground improvement. To evaluate transient electrical and mechanical properties of sand-cement-inorganic binder mixture, two non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Free Free Resonant Column (FFRC) tests were adopted in addition to unconfined compressive strength test. Electrical resistivity, longitudinal wave velocity and damping ratio of sand-cement admixture samples improved with addition of inorganic binders were measured. Experimental tests were performed considering four different mixing ratios and three different cement contents depending on the curing time. Results show that mixing ratio and curing time have considerable effects on electrical and mechanical properties of mixture. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) decreases as the cement content decreases. However, sufficient grout strength can be obtained with increase of content of inorganic binder. From the results, it is found that the inorganic binder can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of mixture and reduce the cement content. It is expected that data and trends proposed in this study can be used as reference in predicting grouting quality in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20ratio" title="damping ratio">damping ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistivity" title=" electrical resistivity"> electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title=" ground improvement"> ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20binder" title=" inorganic binder"> inorganic binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20wave%20velocity" title=" longitudinal wave velocity"> longitudinal wave velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compression%20strength" title=" unconfined compression strength"> unconfined compression strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78919/transient-electrical-resistivity-and-elastic-wave-velocity-of-sand-cement-inorganic-binder-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11005</span> Study of Flow-Induced Noise Control Effects on Flat Plate through Biomimetic Mucus Injection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Niu">Chen Niu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuesong%20Zhang"> Xuesong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejiang%20Shang"> Dejiang Shang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongwei%20Liu"> Yongwei Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fishes can secrete high molecular weight fluid on their body skin to enable their rapid movement in the water. In this work, we employ a hybrid method that combines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Method (FEM) to investigate the effects of different mucus viscosities and injection velocities on fluctuation pressure in the boundary layer and flow-induced structural vibration noise of a flat plate model. To accurately capture the transient flow distribution on the plate surface, we use Large Eddy Simulation (LES) while the mucus inlet is positioned at a sufficient distance from the model to ensure effective coverage. Mucus injection is modeled using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for multiphase flow calculations. The results demonstrate that mucus control of pulsating pressure effectively reduces flow-induced structural vibration noise, providing an approach for controlling flow-induced noise in underwater vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucus" title="mucus">mucus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20control" title=" flow control"> flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20control" title=" noise control"> noise control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow-induced%20noise" title=" flow-induced noise"> flow-induced noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165138/study-of-flow-induced-noise-control-effects-on-flat-plate-through-biomimetic-mucus-injection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11004</span> Therapeutic Potential of GSTM2-2 C-Terminal Domain and Its Mutants, F157A and Y160A on the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Effect on Ca2+ Transients in Neonatal Ventricular Cardiomyocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P.%20Hewawasam">R. P. Hewawasam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Dulhunty"> A. F. Dulhunty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ryanodine receptor (RyR) is an intracellular ion channel that releases Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and is essential for the excitation-contraction coupling and contraction in striated muscle. Human muscle specific glutathione transferase M2-2 (GSTM2-2) is a highly specific inhibitor of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) activity. Single channel-lipid bilayer studies and Ca2+ release assays performed using the C-terminal half of the GSTM2-2 and its mutants F157A and Y160A confirmed the ability of the C terminal domain of GSTM2-2 to specifically inhibit the cardiac ryanodine receptor activity. Objective of the present study is to determine the effect of C terminal domain of GSTM2-2 (GSTM2-2C) and the mutants, F157A and Y160A on the Ca2+ transients of neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes. Primary cardiomyocytes were cultured from neonatal rats. They were treated with GSTM2-2C and the two mutants F157A and Y160A at 15µM and incubated for 2 hours. Then the cells were led with Fluo-4AM, fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, and the field stimulated (1 Hz, 3V and 2ms) cells were excited using the 488 nm argon laser. Contractility of the cells were measured and the Ca2+ transients in the stained cells were imaged using Leica SP5 confocal microscope. Peak amplitude of the Ca2+ transient, rise time and decay time from the peak were measured for each transient. In contrast to GSTM2C which significantly reduced the % shortening (42.8%) in the field stimulated cells, F157A and Y160A failed to reduce the % shortening.Analysis revealed that the average amplitude of the Ca2+ transient was significantly reduced (P<0.001) in cells treated with the wild type GSTM2-2C compared to that of untreated cells. Cells treated with the mutants F157A and Y160A didn’t change the Ca2+ transient significantly compared to the control. A significant increase in the rise time (P< 0.001) and a significant reduction in the decay time (P< 0.001) were observed in cardiomyocytes treated with GSTM2-2C compared to the control but not with F157A and Y160A. These results are consistent with the observation that GSTM2-2C reduced the Ca2+ release from the cardiac SR significantly whereas the mutants, F157A and Y160A didn’t show any effect compared to the control. GSTM2-2C has an isoform-specific effect on the cardiac ryanodine receptor activity and also it inhibits RyR2 channel activity only during diastole. Selective inhibition of RyR2 by GSTM2-2C has significant clinical potential in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Since GSTM2-2C-terminal construct has no GST enzyme activity, its introduction to the cardiomyocyte would not exert any unwanted side effects that may alter its enzymatic action. The present study further confirms that GSTM2-2C is capable of decreasing the Ca2+ release from the cardiac SR during diastole. These results raise the future possibility of using GSTM2-2C as a template for therapeutics that can depress RyR2 function when the channel is hyperactive in cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrhythmia" title="arrhythmia">arrhythmia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20muscle" title=" cardiac muscle"> cardiac muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20ryanodine%20receptor" title=" cardiac ryanodine receptor"> cardiac ryanodine receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSTM2-2" title=" GSTM2-2"> GSTM2-2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39879/therapeutic-potential-of-gstm2-2-c-terminal-domain-and-its-mutants-f157a-and-y160a-on-the-treatment-of-cardiac-arrhythmias-effect-on-ca2-transients-in-neonatal-ventricular-cardiomyocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11003</span> Effects of Bilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy on Autobiographical Memories in Asian Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lai%20Gwen%20Chan">Lai Gwen Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yining%20Ong"> Yining Ong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Audrey%20Yoke%20Poh%20Wong"> Audrey Yoke Poh Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background. The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a form of treatment to a range of mental disorders is well-established. However, ECT is often associated with either temporary or persistent cognitive side-effects, resulting in the failure of wider prescription. Of which, retrograde amnesia is the most commonly reported cognitive side-effect. Most studies found a recalling deficit in autobiographical memories to be short-term, although a few have reported more persistent amnesic effects. Little is known about ECT-related amnesic effects in Asian population. Hence, this study aims to resolve conflicting findings, as well as to better elucidate the effects of ECT on cognitive functioning in a local sample. Method: 12 patients underwent bilateral ECT under the care of Psychological Medicine Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. Participants’ cognition and level of functioning were assessed at four time-points: before ECT, between the third and fourth induced seizure, at the end of the whole course of ECT, and two months after the index course of ECT. Results: It was found that Global Assessment of Functioning scores increased significantly at the completion of ECT. Case-by-case analyses also revealed an overall improvement in Personal Semantic and Autobiographical memory two months after the index course of ECT. A transient dip in both personal semantic and autobiographical memory scores was observed in one participant between the third and fourth induced seizure, but subsequently resolved and showed better performance than at baseline. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that ECT is an effective form of treatment to alleviate the severity of symptoms of the diagnosis. ECT does not affect attention, language, executive functioning, personal semantic and autobiographical memory adversely. The findings suggest that Asian patients may respond to bilateral ECT differently from Western samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroconvulsive%20therapy%20%28ECT%29" title="electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)">electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autobiographical%20memory" title=" autobiographical memory"> autobiographical memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20impairment" title=" cognitive impairment"> cognitive impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychiatric%20disorder" title=" psychiatric disorder"> psychiatric disorder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83463/effects-of-bilateral-electroconvulsive-therapy-on-autobiographical-memories-in-asian-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11002</span> Numerical Modelling of Effective Diffusivity in Bone Tissue Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Sohail">Ayesha Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Maqbool"> Khadija Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Asif"> Anila Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Ahmad"> Haroon Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of tissue engineering is an active area of research. Bone tissue engineering helps to resolve the clinical problems of critical size and non-healing defects by the creation of man-made bone tissue. We will design and validate an efficient numerical model, which will simulate the effective diffusivity in bone tissue engineering. Our numerical model will be based on the finite element analysis of the diffusion-reaction equations. It will have the ability to optimize the diffusivity, even at multi-scale, with the variation of time. It will also have a special feature, with which we will not only be able to predict the oxygen, glucose and cell density dynamics, more accurately, but will also sort the issues arising due to anisotropy. We will fix these problems with the help of modifying the governing equations, by selecting appropriate spatio-temporal finite element schemes, by adaptive grid refinement strategy and by transient analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaffolds" title="scaffolds">scaffolds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20analysis" title=" transient analysis"> transient analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18702/numerical-modelling-of-effective-diffusivity-in-bone-tissue-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11001</span> The Improved Element Free Galerkin Method for 2D Heat Transfer Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Debbabi">Imen Debbabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A9di%20BelHadjSalah"> Hédi BelHadjSalah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Improved Element Free Galerkin (IEFG) method is presented to treat the steady states and the transient heat transfer problems. As a result of a combination between the Improved Moving Least Square (IMLS) approximation and the Element Free Galerkin (EFG) method, the IEFG's shape functions don't have the Kronecker delta property and the penalty method is used to impose the Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this paper, two heat transfer problems, transient and steady states, are studied to improve the efficiency of this meshfree method for 2D heat transfer problems. The performance of the IEFG method is shown using the comparison between numerical and analytic results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meshfree%20methods" title="meshfree methods">meshfree methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Improved%20Moving%20Least%20Square%20approximation%20%28IMLS%29" title=" the Improved Moving Least Square approximation (IMLS)"> the Improved Moving Least Square approximation (IMLS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Improved%20Element%20Free%20Galerkin%20method%20%28IEFG%29" title=" the Improved Element Free Galerkin method (IEFG)"> the Improved Element Free Galerkin method (IEFG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20problems" title=" heat transfer problems"> heat transfer problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47458/the-improved-element-free-galerkin-method-for-2d-heat-transfer-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11000</span> Surface Characterization and Femtosecond-Nanosecond Transient Absorption Dynamics of Bioconjugated Gold Nanoparticles: Insight into the Warfarin Drug-Binding Site of Human Serum Albumin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20K.%20Abou-Zied">Osama K. Abou-Zied</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20A.%20Sulaiman"> Saba A. Sulaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We studied the spectroscopy of 25-nm diameter gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), coated with human serum albumin (HSA) as a model drug carrier. The morphology and coating of the AuNPs were examined using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Resonance energy transfer from the sole tryptophan of HSA (Trp214) to the AuNPs was observed in which the fluorescence quenching of Trp214 is dominated by a static mechanism. Using fluorescein (FL) to probe the warfarin drug-binding site in HSA revealed the unchanged nature of the binding cavity on the surface of the AuNPs, indicating the stability of the protein structure on the metal surface. The transient absorption results of the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) band of the AuNPs show three ultrafast dynamics that are involved in the relaxation process after excitation at 460 nm. The three decay components were assigned to the electron-electron (~ 400 fs), electron-phonon (~ 2.0 ps) and phonon-phonon (200–250 ps) interactions. These dynamics were not changed upon coating the AuNPs with HSA which indicates the chemical and physical stability of the AuNPs upon bioconjugation. Binding of FL in HSA did not have any measurable effect on the bleach recovery dynamics of the SPR band, although both FL and AuNPs were excited at 460 nm. The current study is important for a better understanding of the physical and dynamical properties of protein-coated metal nanoparticles which are expected to help in optimizing their properties for critical applications in nanomedicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title="gold nanoparticles">gold nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20serum%20albumin" title=" human serum albumin"> human serum albumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescein" title=" fluorescein"> fluorescein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femtosecond%20transient%20absorption" title=" femtosecond transient absorption"> femtosecond transient absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55863/surface-characterization-and-femtosecond-nanosecond-transient-absorption-dynamics-of-bioconjugated-gold-nanoparticles-insight-into-the-warfarin-drug-binding-site-of-human-serum-albumin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10999</span> Designing Equivalent Model of Floating Gate Transistor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birinderjit%20Singh%20Kalyan">Birinderjit Singh Kalyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inderpreet%20Kaur"> Inderpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balwinder%20Singh%20Sohi"> Balwinder Singh Sohi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an equivalent model for floating gate transistor has been proposed. Using the floating gate voltage value, capacitive coupling coefficients has been found at different bias conditions. The amount of charge present on the gate has been then calculated using the transient models of hot electron programming and Fowler-Nordheim Tunnelling. The proposed model can be extended to the transient conditions as well. The SPICE equivalent model is designed and current-voltage characteristics and Transfer characteristics are comparatively analysed. The dc current-voltage characteristics, as well as dc transfer characteristics, have been plotted for an FGMOS with W/L=0.25μm/0.375μm, the inter-poly capacitance of 0.8fF for both programmed and erased states. The Comparative analysis has been made between the present model and capacitive coefficient coupling methods which were already available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FGMOS" title="FGMOS">FGMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20gate%20transistor" title=" floating gate transistor"> floating gate transistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20coupling%20coefficient" title=" capacitive coupling coefficient"> capacitive coupling coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPICE%20model" title=" SPICE model"> SPICE model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30822/designing-equivalent-model-of-floating-gate-transistor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10998</span> Competitive Advantage: Sustainable or Transient</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20Thacker">Pallavi Thacker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Mathur"> H. P. Mathur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper tries to find out from the available literature the status of Competitive Advantage. It has been stated a number of times that firms must strive to attain sustainable competitive advantage; but is the concept of sustainability of advantage still valid in this new diversified and too-rapidly changing world? The paper reaches a conclusion that the answer is “no”. Gone is the time when once attained position could easily be retained forever or at-least for a substantial amount of time. We live in a time which is very much globalised. We are used to a high level of competition from all directions. Technological advances, developed human capital, flexibility and end number of factors make the sustenance of competitive advantage difficult. This paper analyses competitive advantage from the view points of Michael Porter (who talks about sustainability) and Rita Gunther McGrath (who says competitive advantage can no more be sustained). It uses many examples and evidences from papers, journals and news. A research in this area is very much required (especially in a developing country like India) so that industries, firms and people can find out the suitable strategies that match with the changing times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title="competitive advantage">competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient" title=" transient"> transient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalisation" title=" globalisation"> globalisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37385/competitive-advantage-sustainable-or-transient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10997</span> Implementation and Design of Fuzzy Controller for High Performance Dc-Dc Boost Converters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mansouri">A. Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Krim"> F. Krim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the implementation and design of both linear PI and fuzzy controllers for DC-DC boost converters. Design of PI controllers is based on temporal response of closed-loop converters, while fuzzy controllers design is based on heuristic knowledge of boost converters. Linear controller implementation is quite straightforward relying on mathematical models, while fuzzy controller implementation employs one or more artificial intelligences techniques. Comparison between these boost controllers is made in design aspect. Experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy controller system is robust against input voltage and load resistance changing and in respect of start-up transient. Results indicate that fuzzy controller can achieve best control performance concerning faster transient response, steady-state response good stability and accuracy under different operating conditions. Fuzzy controller is more suitable to control boost converters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boost%20DC-DC%20converter" title="boost DC-DC converter">boost DC-DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20controllers" title=" PI controllers"> PI controllers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20electronics%20and%20control%20system" title=" power electronics and control system "> power electronics and control system </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25094/implementation-and-design-of-fuzzy-controller-for-high-performance-dc-dc-boost-converters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10996</span> Solving the Nonlinear Heat Conduction in a Spherical Coordinate with Electrical Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Gheitaghy">A. M. Gheitaghy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Saffari"> H. Saffari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Q.%20Zhang"> G. Q. Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical approach based on the electrical simulation method is proposed to solve a nonlinear transient heat conduction problem with nonlinear boundary for a spherical body. This problem represents a strong nonlinearity in both the governing equation for temperature dependent thermal property and the boundary condition for combined convective and radiative cooling. By analysing the equivalent electrical model using the electrical circuit simulation program HSPICE, transient temperature and heat flux distributions at sphere can be obtained easily and fast. The solutions clearly illustrate the effect of the radiation-conduction parameter Nrc, the Biot number and the linear coefficient of temperature dependent conductivity and heat capacity. On comparing the results with corresponding numerical solutions, the accuracy and efficiency of this computational method are found to be good. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convective%20and%20radiative%20boundary" title="convective and radiative boundary">convective and radiative boundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20simulation%20method" title=" electrical simulation method"> electrical simulation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20heat%20conduction" title=" nonlinear heat conduction"> nonlinear heat conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20coordinate" title=" spherical coordinate"> spherical coordinate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44491/solving-the-nonlinear-heat-conduction-in-a-spherical-coordinate-with-electrical-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10995</span> Unsteady and Steady State in Natural Convection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syukri%20Himran">Syukri Himran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erwin%20Eka%20Putra"> Erwin Eka Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanang%20Roni"> Nanang Roni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explains the natural convection of viscous fluid flowing on semi-infinite vertical plate. A set of the governing equations describing the continuity, momentum and energy, have been reduced to dimensionless forms by introducing the references variables. To solve the problems, the equations are formulated by explicit finite-difference in time dependent form and computations are performed by Fortran program. The results describe velocity, temperature profiles both in transient and steady state conditions. An approximate value of heat transfer coefficient and the effects of Pr on convection flow are also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title="natural convection">natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20plate" title=" vertical plate"> vertical plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20and%20temperature%20profiles" title=" velocity and temperature profiles"> velocity and temperature profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20and%20unsteady" title=" steady and unsteady"> steady and unsteady</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35967/unsteady-and-steady-state-in-natural-convection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10994</span> A Sufficient Fuzzy Controller for Improving the Transient Response in Electric Motors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliasghar%20Baziar">Aliasghar Baziar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Masoumi"> Hassan Masoumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Ale%20Saadi"> Alireza Ale Saadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The control of the response of electric motors plays a significant role in the damping of transient responses. In this regard, this paper presents a static VAR compensator (SVC) based on a fuzzy logic which is applied to an industrial power network consisting of three phase synchronous, asynchronous and DC motor loads. The speed and acceleration variations of a specific machine are the inputs of the proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC). In order to verify the effectiveness and proficiency of the proposed Fuzzy Logic based SVC (FLSVC), several non-linear time-domain digital simulation tests are performed. The proposed fuzzy model can properly control the response of electric motors. The results show that the FLSVC is successful to improve the voltage profile significantly over a wide range of operating conditions and disturbances thus improving the overall dynamic performance of the network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20controller" title="fuzzy logic controller">fuzzy logic controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAR%20compensator" title=" VAR compensator"> VAR compensator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20cage%20asynchronous%20motor" title=" single cage asynchronous motor"> single cage asynchronous motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20motor" title=" DC motor"> DC motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53163/a-sufficient-fuzzy-controller-for-improving-the-transient-response-in-electric-motors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">628</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10993</span> Magnetic Simulation of the Underground Electric Cable in the Presence of a Short Circuit and Harmonics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Nour%20El%20Islam%20Ayad">Ahmed Nour El Islam Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Krika"> Wafa Krika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghani%20Ayad"> Abdelghani Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moulay%20Larab"> Moulay Larab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houari%20Boudjella"> Houari Boudjella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Benhamida"> Farid Benhamida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to evaluate the magnetic emission of underground electric cable of high voltage, because these power lines generate electromagnetic interaction with other objects near to it. The aim of this work shows a numerical simulation of the magnetic field of buried 400 kV line in three cases: permanent and transient states of short circuit and the last case with the presence of the harmonics at different positions as a function of time variation, with finite element resolution using Comsol Multiphysics software. The results obtained showed that the amplitude and distribution of the magnetic flux density change in the transient state and the presence of harmonics. The results of this work calculate the magnetic field generated by the underground lines in order to evaluate and know their impact on ecology and health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground" title="underground">underground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20power%20cables" title=" electric power cables"> electric power cables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cables%20crossing" title=" cables crossing"> cables crossing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic" title=" harmonic"> harmonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112134/magnetic-simulation-of-the-underground-electric-cable-in-the-presence-of-a-short-circuit-and-harmonics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10992</span> Investigation on Mesh Sensitivity of a Transient Model for Nozzle Clogging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Barati">H. Barati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Wu"> M. Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kharicha"> A. Kharicha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ludwig"> A. Ludwig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A transient model for nozzle clogging has been developed and successfully validated against a laboratory experiment. Key steps of clogging are considered: transport of particles by turbulent flow towards the nozzle wall; interactions between fluid flow and nozzle wall, and the adhesion of the particle on the wall; the growth of the clog layer and its interaction with the flow. The current paper is to investigate the mesh (size and type) sensitivity of the model in both two and three dimensions. It is found that the algorithm for clog growth alone excluding the flow effect is insensitive to the mesh type and size, but the calculation including flow becomes sensitive to the mesh quality. The use of 2D meshes leads to overestimation of the clog growth because the 3D nature of flow in the boundary layer cannot be properly solved by 2D calculation. 3D simulation with tetrahedron mesh can also lead to an error estimation of the clog growth. A mesh-independent result can be achieved with hexahedral mesh, or at least with triangular prism (inflation layer) for near-wall regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clogging" title="clogging">clogging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20casting" title=" continuous casting"> continuous casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title=" inclusion"> inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20entry%20nozzle" title=" submerged entry nozzle"> submerged entry nozzle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74984/investigation-on-mesh-sensitivity-of-a-transient-model-for-nozzle-clogging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10991</span> Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer in Laser Irradiated Biological Samplebased on Dual-Phase-Lag Heat Conduction Model Using Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashank%20Patidar">Shashank Patidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumit%20Kumar"> Sumit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Srivastava"> Atul Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suneet%20Singh"> Suneet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present work is concerned with the numerical investigation of thermal response of biological tissues during laser-based photo-thermal therapy for destroying cancerous/abnormal cells with minimal damage to the surrounding normal cells. Light propagation through the biological sample is mathematically modelled by transient radiative transfer equation. In the present work, application of the Lattice Boltzmann Method is extended to analyze transport of short-pulse radiation in a participating medium.In order to determine the two-dimensional temperature distribution inside the tissue medium, the RTE has been coupled with Penne’s bio-heat transfer equation based on Fourier’s law by several researchers in last few years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="lattice Boltzmann method">lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20radiation%20transfer%20equation" title=" transient radiation transfer equation"> transient radiation transfer equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20phase%20lag%20model" title=" dual phase lag model "> dual phase lag model </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17369/numerical-investigation-of-heat-transfer-in-laser-irradiated-biological-samplebased-on-dual-phase-lag-heat-conduction-model-using-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10990</span> Long Term Survival after a First Transient Ischemic Attack in England: A Case-Control Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padma%20Chutoo">Padma Chutoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Kulinskaya"> Elena Kulinskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilyas%20Bakbergenuly"> Ilyas Bakbergenuly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Steel"> Nicholas Steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitri%20Pchejetski"> Dmitri Pchejetski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) are warning signs for future strokes. TIA patients are at increased risk of stroke and cardio-vascular events after a first episode. A majority of studies on TIA focused on the occurrence of these ancillary events after a TIA. Long-term mortality after TIA received only limited attention. We undertook this study to determine the long-term hazards of all-cause mortality following a first episode of a TIA using anonymised electronic health records (EHRs). We used a retrospective case-control study using electronic primary health care records from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. Patients born prior to or in year 1960, resident in England, with a first diagnosis of TIA between January 1986 and January 2017 were matched to three controls on age, sex and general medical practice. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The hazards of all-cause mortality were estimated using a time-varying Weibull-Cox survival model which included both scale and shape effects and a random frailty effect of GP practice. 20,633 cases and 58,634 controls were included. Cases aged 39 to 60 years at the first TIA event had the highest hazard ratio (HR) of mortality compared to matched controls (HR = 3.04, 95% CI (2.91 - 3.18)). The HRs for cases aged 61-70 years, 71-76 years and 77+ years were 1.98 (1.55 - 2.30), 1.79 (1.20 - 2.07) and 1.52 (1.15 - 1.97) compared to matched controls. Aspirin provided long-term survival benefits to cases. Cases aged 39-60 years on aspirin had HR of 0.93 (0.84 - 1.00), 0.90 (0.82 - 0.98) and 0.88 (0.80 - 0.96) at 5 years, 10 years and 15 years, respectively, compared to cases in the same age group who were not on antiplatelets. Similar beneficial effects of aspirin were observed in other age groups. There were no significant survival benefits with other antiplatelet options. No survival benefits of antiplatelet drugs were observed in controls. Our study highlights the excess long-term risk of death of TIA patients and cautions that TIA should not be treated as a benign condition. The study further recommends aspirin as the better option for secondary prevention for TIA patients compared to clopidogrel recommended by NICE guidelines. Management of risk factors and treatment strategies should be important challenges to reduce the burden of disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20antiplatelet%20therapy%20%28DAPT%29" title="dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)">dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=General%20Practice" title=" General Practice"> General Practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multiple%20Imputation" title=" Multiple Imputation"> Multiple Imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Health%20Improvement%20Network%28THIN%29" title=" The Health Improvement Network(THIN)"> The Health Improvement Network(THIN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20ratio%20%28HR%29" title=" hazard ratio (HR)"> hazard ratio (HR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull-Cox%20model" title=" Weibull-Cox model"> Weibull-Cox model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136987/long-term-survival-after-a-first-transient-ischemic-attack-in-england-a-case-control-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10989</span> Molecular Farming: Plants Producing Vaccine and Diagnostic Reagent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katerina%20H.%20Takova">Katerina H. Takova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20N.%20Minkov"> Ivan N. Minkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gergana%20G.%20Zahmanova"> Gergana G. Zahmanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molecular farming is the production of recombinant proteins in plants with the aim to use the protein as a purified product, crude extract or directly in the planta. Plants gain more attention as expression systems compared to other ones due to the cost effective production of pharmaceutically important proteins, appropriate post-translational modifications, assembly of complex proteins, absence of human pathogens to name a few. In addition, transient expression in plant leaves enables production of recombinant proteins within few weeks. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis. HEV causes epidemics in developing countries and is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Presently, all efforts for development of Hepatitis E vaccine are focused on the Open Read Frame 2 (ORF2) capsid protein as it contains epitopes that can induce neutralizing antibodies. For our purpose, we used the CMPV-based vector-pEAQ-HT for transient expression of HEV ORF2 in Nicotiana benthamina. Different molecular analysis (Western blot and ELISA) showed that HEV ORF2 capsid protein was expressed in plant tissue in high-yield up to 1g/kg of fresh leaf tissue. Electron microscopy showed that the capsid protein spontaneously assembled in low abundance virus-like particles (VLPs), which are highly immunogenic structures and suitable for vaccine development. The expressed protein was recognized by both human and swine HEV positive sera and can be used as a diagnostic reagent for the detection of HEV infection. Production of HEV capsid protein in plants is a promising technology for further HEV vaccine investigations. Here, we reported for a rapid high-yield transient expression of a recombinant protein in plants suitable for vaccine production as well as a diagnostic reagent. Acknowledgments -The authors’ research on HEV is supported with grants from the Project PlantaSYST under the Widening Program, H2020 as well as under the UK Biotechnological and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Institute Strategic Programme Grant ‘Understanding and Exploiting Plant and Microbial Secondary Metabolism’ (BB/J004596/1). The authors want to thank Prof. George Lomonossoff (JIC, Norwich, UK) for his contribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20E%20virus" title="hepatitis E virus">hepatitis E virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20molecular%20farming" title=" plant molecular farming"> plant molecular farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20expression" title=" transient expression"> transient expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccines" title=" vaccines"> vaccines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90648/molecular-farming-plants-producing-vaccine-and-diagnostic-reagent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10988</span> Transient Free Laminar Convection in the Vicinity of a Thermal Conductive Vertical Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Bykalyuk">Anna Bykalyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Kuznik"> Frédéric Kuznik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%C3%A9vyn%20Johannes"> Kévyn Johannes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the influence of a vertical plate’s thermal capacity is numerically investigated in order to evaluate the evolution of the thermal boundary layer structure, as well as the convective heat transfer coefficient and the velocity and temperature profiles. Whereas the heat flux of the heated vertical plate is evaluated under time depending boundary conditions. The main important feature of this problem is the unsteadiness of the physical phenomena. A 2D CFD model is developed with the Ansys Fluent 14.0 environment and is validated using unsteady data obtained for plasterboard studied under a dynamic temperature evolution. All the phenomena produced in the vicinity of the thermal conductive vertical plate (plasterboard) are analyzed and discussed. This work is the first stage of a holistic research on transient free convection that aims, in the future, to study the natural convection in the vicinity of a vertical plate containing Phase Change Materials (PCM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20modeling" title="CFD modeling">CFD modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductive%20plate" title=" thermal conductive plate"> thermal conductive plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-depending%20boundary%20conditions" title=" time-depending boundary conditions"> time-depending boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1371/transient-free-laminar-convection-in-the-vicinity-of-a-thermal-conductive-vertical-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10987</span> Introduction to Two Artificial Boundary Conditions for Transient Seepage Problems and Their Application in Geotechnical Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuang%20Luo">Shuang Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er-Xiang%20Song"> Er-Xiang Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many problems in geotechnical engineering, such as foundation deformation, groundwater seepage, seismic wave propagation and geothermal transfer problems, may involve analysis in the ground which can be seen as extending to infinity. To that end, consideration has to be given regarding how to deal with the unbounded domain to be analyzed by using numerical methods, such as finite element method (FEM), finite difference method (FDM) or finite volume method (FVM). A simple artificial boundary approach derived from the analytical solutions for transient radial seepage problems, is introduced. It should be noted, however, that the analytical solutions used to derive the artificial boundary are particular solutions under certain boundary conditions, such as constant hydraulic head at the origin or constant pumping rate of the well. When dealing with unbounded domains with unsteady boundary conditions, a more sophisticated artificial boundary approach to deal with the infinity of the domain is presented. By applying Laplace transforms and introducing some specially defined auxiliary variables, the global artificial boundary conditions (ABCs) are simplified to local ones so that the computational efficiency is enhanced significantly. The introduced two local ABCs are implemented in a finite element computer program so that various seepage problems can be calculated. The two approaches are first verified by the computation of a one-dimensional radial flow problem, and then tentatively applied to more general two-dimensional cylindrical problems and plane problems. Numerical calculations show that the local ABCs can not only give good results for one-dimensional axisymmetric transient flow, but also applicable for more general problems, such as axisymmetric two-dimensional cylindrical problems, and even more general planar two-dimensional flow problems for well doublet and well groups. An important advantage of the latter local boundary is its applicability for seepage under rapidly changing unsteady boundary conditions, and even the computational results on the truncated boundary are usually quite satisfactory. In this aspect, it is superior over the former local boundary. Simulation of relatively long operational time demonstrates to certain extents the numerical stability of the local boundary. The solutions of the two local ABCs are compared with each other and with those obtained by using large element mesh, which proves the satisfactory performance and obvious superiority over the large mesh model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20seepage" title="transient seepage">transient seepage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbounded%20domain" title=" unbounded domain"> unbounded domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20boundary%20condition" title=" artificial boundary condition"> artificial boundary condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66266/introduction-to-two-artificial-boundary-conditions-for-transient-seepage-problems-and-their-application-in-geotechnical-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10986</span> Modeling SET Effect on Charge Pump Phase Locked Loop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varsha%20Prasad">Varsha Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sandya"> S. Sandya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cosmic Ray effects in microelectronics such as single event effect (SET) and total dose ionization (TID) have been of major concern in space electronics since 1970. Advanced CMOS technologies have demonstrated reduced sensitivity to TID effect. However, charge pump Phase Locked Loop is very much vulnerable to single event transient effect. This paper presents an SET analysis model, where the SET is modeled as a double exponential pulse. The time domain analysis reveals that the settling time of the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) depends on the SET pulse strength, setting the time constant and the damping factor. The analysis of the proposed SET analysis model is confirmed by the simulation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20pump" title="charge pump">charge pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20locked%20loop" title=" phase locked loop"> phase locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SET" title=" SET"> SET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VCO" title=" VCO"> VCO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10919/modeling-set-effect-on-charge-pump-phase-locked-loop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10985</span> Prediction of Welding Induced Distortion in Thin Metal Plates Using Temperature Dependent Material Properties and FEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20Waheed">Rehan Waheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Shakoor"> Abdul Shakoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distortion produced during welding of thin metal plates is a problem in many industries. The purpose of this research was to study distortion produced during welding in 2mm Mild Steel plate by simulating the welding process using Finite Element Analysis. Simulation of welding process requires a couple field transient analyses. At first a transient thermal analysis is performed and the temperature obtained from thermal analysis is used as input in structural analysis to find distortion. An actual weld sample is prepared and the weld distortion produced is measured. The simulated and actual results were in quite agreement with each other and it has been found that there is profound deflection at center of plate. Temperature dependent material properties play significant role in prediction of weld distortion. The results of this research can be used for prediction and control of weld distortion in large steel structures by changing different weld parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding%20simulation" title="welding simulation">welding simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEA" title=" FEA"> FEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding%20distortion" title=" welding distortion"> welding distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20dependent%20mechanical%20properties" title=" temperature dependent mechanical properties"> temperature dependent mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12909/prediction-of-welding-induced-distortion-in-thin-metal-plates-using-temperature-dependent-material-properties-and-fea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10984</span> Analyzing Electromagnetic and Geometric Characterization of Building Insulation Materials Using the Transient Radar Method (TRM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Pourkazemi">Ali Pourkazemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transient radar method (TRM) is one of the non-destructive methods that was introduced by authors a few years ago. The transient radar method can be classified as a wave-based non destructive testing (NDT) method that can be used in a wide frequency range. Nevertheless, it requires a narrow band, ranging from a few GHz to a few THz, depending on the application. As a time-of-flight and real-time method, TRM can measure the electromagnetic properties of the sample under test not only quickly and accurately, but also blindly. This means that it requires no prior knowledge of the sample under test. For multi-layer structures, TRM is not only able to detect changes related to any parameter within the multi-layer structure but can also measure the electromagnetic properties of each layer and its thickness individually. Although the temperature, humidity, and general environmental conditions may affect the sample under test, they do not affect the accuracy of the Blind TRM algorithm. In this paper, the electromagnetic properties as well as the thickness of the individual building insulation materials - as a single-layer structure - are measured experimentally. Finally, the correlation between the reflection coefficients and some other technical parameters such as sound insulation, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and density is investigated. The sample to be studied is 30 cm x 50 cm and the thickness of the samples varies from a few millimeters to 6 centimeters. This experiment is performed with both biostatic and differential hardware at 10 GHz. Since it is a narrow-band system, high-speed computation for analysis, free-space application, and real-time sensor, it has a wide range of potential applications, e.g., in the construction industry, rubber industry, piping industry, wind energy industry, automotive industry, biotechnology, food industry, pharmaceuticals, etc. Detection of metallic, plastic pipes wires, etc. through or behind the walls are specific applications for the construction industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20radar%20method" title="transient radar method">transient radar method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blind%20electromagnetic%20geometrical%20parameter%20extraction%20technique" title=" blind electromagnetic geometrical parameter extraction technique"> blind electromagnetic geometrical parameter extraction technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafast%20nondestructive%20multilayer%20dielectric%20structure%20characterization" title=" ultrafast nondestructive multilayer dielectric structure characterization"> ultrafast nondestructive multilayer dielectric structure characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20measurement%20systems" title=" electronic measurement systems"> electronic measurement systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illumination" title=" illumination"> illumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20acquisition%20performance" title=" data acquisition performance"> data acquisition performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submillimeter%20depth%20resolution" title=" submillimeter depth resolution"> submillimeter depth resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-dependent%20reflected%20electromagnetic%20signal%20blind%20analysis%20method" title=" time-dependent reflected electromagnetic signal blind analysis method"> time-dependent reflected electromagnetic signal blind analysis method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20signal%20blind%20analysis%20method" title=" EM signal blind analysis method"> EM signal blind analysis method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20domain%20reflectometer" title=" time domain reflectometer"> time domain reflectometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milimeter%20wave%20frequencies" title=" milimeter wave frequencies"> milimeter wave frequencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163727/analyzing-electromagnetic-and-geometric-characterization-of-building-insulation-materials-using-the-transient-radar-method-trm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10983</span> Transient Simulation Using SPACE for ATLAS Facility to Investigate the Effect of Heat Loss on Major Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhib%20A.%20Abu-Seini">Suhib A. Abu-Seini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Doo%20Kim"> Kyung-Doo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A heat loss model for ATLAS facility was introduced using SPACE code predefined correlations and various dialing factors. As all previous simulations were carried out using a heat loss free input; the facility was considered to be completely insulated and the core power was reduced by the experimentally measured values of heat loss to compensate to the account for the loss of heat, this study will consider heat loss throughout the simulation. The new heat loss model will be affecting SPACE code simulation as heat being leaked out of the system throughout a transient will alter many parameters corresponding to temperature and temperature difference. For that, a Station Blackout followed by a multiple Steam Generator Tube Rupture accident will be simulated using both the insulated system approach and the newly introduced heat loss input of the steady state. Major parameters such as system temperatures, pressure values, and flow rates to be put into comparison and various analysis will be suggested upon it as the experimental values will not be the reference to validate the expected outcome. This study will not only show the significance of heat loss consideration in the processes of prevention and mitigation of various incidents, design basis and beyond accidents as it will give a detailed behavior of ATLAS facility during both processes of steady state and major transient, but will also present a verification of how credible the data acquired of ATLAS are; since heat loss values for steady state were already mismatched between SPACE simulation results and ATLAS data acquiring system. Acknowledgement- This work was supported by the Korean institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATLAS" title="ATLAS">ATLAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20loss" title=" heat loss"> heat loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPACE" title=" SPACE"> SPACE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=station%20blackout" title=" station blackout"> station blackout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steam%20generator%20tube%20rupture" title=" steam generator tube rupture"> steam generator tube rupture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verification" title=" verification"> verification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78195/transient-simulation-using-space-for-atlas-facility-to-investigate-the-effect-of-heat-loss-on-major-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10982</span> Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Tehran Research Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lashkari">A. Lashkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Khalafi"> H. Khalafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Khazeminejad"> H. Khazeminejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khakshourniya"> S. Khakshourniya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a numerical model is presented. The model is used to analyze a steady state thermo-hydraulic and reactivity insertion transient in TRR reference cores respectively. The model predictions are compared with the experiments and PARET code results. The model uses the piecewise constant and lumped parameter methods for the coupled point kinetics and thermal-hydraulics modules respectively. The advantages of the piecewise constant method are simplicity, efficiency and accuracy. A main criterion on the applicability range of this model is that the exit coolant temperature remains below the saturation temperature, i.e. no bulk boiling occurs in the core. The calculation values of power and coolant temperature, in steady state and positive reactivity insertion scenario, are in good agreement with the experiment values. However, the model is a useful tool for the transient analysis of most research reactor encountered in practice. The main objective of this work is using simple calculation methods and benchmarking them with experimental data. This model can be used for training proposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal-hydraulic" title="thermal-hydraulic">thermal-hydraulic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20reactor" title=" research reactor"> research reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivity%20insertion" title=" reactivity insertion"> reactivity insertion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13031/experimental-and-numerical-analyses-of-tehran-research-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10981</span> Experimental Modeling of Spray and Water Sheet Formation Due to Wave Interactions with Vertical and Slant Bow-Shaped Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armin%20Bodaghkhani">Armin Bodaghkhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruce%20Colbourne"> Bruce Colbourne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20S.%20Muzychka"> Yuri S. Muzychka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of spray-cloud formation and flow kinematics produced from breaking wave impact on vertical and slant lab-scale bow-shaped models were experimentally investigated. Bubble Image Velocimetry (BIV) and Image Processing (IP) techniques were applied to study the various types of wave-model impacts. Different wave characteristics were generated in a tow tank to investigate the effects of wave characteristics, such as wave phase velocity, wave steepness on droplet velocities, and behavior of the process of spray cloud formation. The phase ensemble-averaged vertical velocity and turbulent intensity were computed. A high-speed camera and diffused LED backlights were utilized to capture images for further post processing. Various pressure sensors and capacitive wave probes were used to measure the wave impact pressure and the free surface profile at different locations of the model and wave-tank, respectively. Droplet sizes and velocities were measured using BIV and IP techniques to trace bubbles and droplets in order to measure their velocities and sizes by correlating the texture in these images. The impact pressure and droplet size distributions were compared to several previously experimental models, and satisfactory agreements were achieved. The distribution of droplets in front of both models are demonstrated. Due to the highly transient process of spray formation, the drag coefficient for several stages of this transient displacement for various droplet size ranges and different Reynolds number were calculated based on the ensemble average method. From the experimental results, the slant model produces less spray in comparison with the vertical model, and the droplet velocities generated from the wave impact with the slant model have a lower velocity as compared with the vertical model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20charachteristics" title="spray charachteristics">spray charachteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet%20size%20and%20velocity" title=" droplet size and velocity"> droplet size and velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave-body%20interactions" title=" wave-body interactions"> wave-body interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20image%20velocimetry" title=" bubble image velocimetry"> bubble image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59908/experimental-modeling-of-spray-and-water-sheet-formation-due-to-wave-interactions-with-vertical-and-slant-bow-shaped-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10980</span> Simulation of the Asphaltene Deposition Rate in a Wellbore Blockage via Computational Fluid Dynamic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaodong%20Gao">Xiaodong Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pingchuan%20Dong"> Pingchuan Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qichao%20Gao"> Qichao Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been lots of published work focused on asphaltene deposited on the smooth pipe under steady conditions, while particle deposition on the blockage wellbores under transient conditions has not been well elucidated. This work attempts to predict the deposition rate of asphaltene particles in blockage tube through CFD simulation. The Euler-Lagrange equation has been applied during the flow of crude oil and asphaltene particles. The net gravitational force, virtual mass, pressure gradient, saffman lift, and drag forces are incorporated in the simulations process. Validation of CFD simulation results is compared to the benchmark experiments from the previous literature. Furthermore, the effect of blockage location, blockage length, and blockage thickness on deposition rate are also analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the maximum deposition rate of asphaltene occurs in the blocked tube section, and the greater the deposition thickness, the greater the deposition rate. Moreover, the deposition amount and maximum deposition rate along the length of the tube have the same trend. Results of this study are in the ability to better understand the deposition of asphaltene particles in production and help achieve to deal with the asphaltene challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphaltene%20deposition%20rate" title="asphaltene deposition rate">asphaltene deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockage%20length" title=" blockage length"> blockage length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockage%20thickness" title=" blockage thickness"> blockage thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockage%20diameter" title=" blockage diameter"> blockage diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20condition" title=" transient condition"> transient condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149723/simulation-of-the-asphaltene-deposition-rate-in-a-wellbore-blockage-via-computational-fluid-dynamic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10979</span> The Relationship between Sleep Traits and Tinnitus in UK Biobank: A Population-Based Cohort Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajia%20Peng">Jiajia Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yijun%20Dong"> Yijun Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianjun%20Ren"> Jianjun Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhao"> Yu Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Understanding the association between sleep traits and tinnitus could help prevent and provide appropriate interventions against tinnitus. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between different sleep patterns and tinnitus. Design: A cross-sectional analysis using baseline data (2006–2010, n=168,064) by logistic regressions was conducted to evaluate the association between sleep traits (including the overall health sleep score and five sleep behaviors), and the occurrence (yes/no), frequency (constant/transient), and severity (upsetting/not upsetting) of tinnitus. Further, a prospective analysis of participants without tinnitus at baseline (n=9,581) was performed, who had been followed up for seven years (2012–2019) to assess the association between new-onset tinnitus and sleep characteristics. Moreover, a subgroup analysis was also carried out to estimate the differences in sex by dividing the participants into male and female groups. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted by excluding ear-related diseases to avoid their confounding effects on tinnitus (n=102,159). Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, participants with “current tinnitus” (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.22, p=0.004) had a higher risk of having a poor overall healthy sleep score and unhealthy sleep behaviors such as short sleep durations (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14, p<0.001), late chronotypes (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.13, p<0.001), and sleeplessness (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11–1.22, p<0.001) than those participants who “did not have current tinnitus.” However, this trend was not obvious between “constant tinnitus” and “transient tinnitus.” When considering the severity of tinnitus, the risk of “upsetting tinnitus” was obviously higher if participants had lower overall healthy sleep scores (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.53, p<0.001). Additionally, short sleep duration (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.33, p<0.001), late chronotypes (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.22, p=0.003), and sleeplessness (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.29–1.59, p<0.001) showed positive correlations with “upsetting tinnitus.” In the prospective analysis, sleeplessness presented a consistently significant association with “upsetting tinnitus” (RR: 2.28, P=0.001). Consistent results were observed in the sex subgroup analysis, where a much more pronounced trend was identified in females compared with males. The results of the sensitivity analysis were consistent with those of the cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Conclusions: Different types of sleep disturbance may be associated with the occurrence and severity of tinnitus; therefore, precise interventions for different types of sleep disturbance, particularly sleeplessness, may help in the prevention and treatment of tinnitus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tinnitus" title="tinnitus">tinnitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title=" sleep"> sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20behaviors" title=" sleep behaviors"> sleep behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20disturbance" title=" sleep disturbance"> sleep disturbance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156913/the-relationship-between-sleep-traits-and-tinnitus-in-uk-biobank-a-population-based-cohort-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10978</span> Reliability Prediction of Tires Using Linear Mixed-Effects Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung%20Hwan%20Na">Myung Hwan Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-%20Chun%20Song"> Ho- Chun Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EunHee%20Hong"> EunHee Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We widely use normal linear mixed-effects model to analysis data in repeated measurement. In case of detecting heteroscedasticity and the non-normality of the population distribution at the same time, normal linear mixed-effects model can give improper result of analysis. To achieve more robust estimation, we use heavy tailed linear mixed-effects model which gives more exact and reliable analysis conclusion than standard normal linear mixed-effects model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tires" title=" tires"> tires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20data" title=" field data"> field data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20mixed-effects%20model" title=" linear mixed-effects model"> linear mixed-effects model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37815/reliability-prediction-of-tires-using-linear-mixed-effects-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20effects&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20effects&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20effects&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20effects&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">4</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20effects&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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