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[{"id":50660186,"identifier":"Attachment_50660186","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":2357360,"created_at":"2013-01-03T13:58:08.316-08:00","from_world_paper_id":116696319,"updated_at":"2024-11-13T09:46:24.673-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Given paper presents the results of industrial waste recycling -steel cooling refuse, etching refuse and alumina containing waste. In order to characterize the microstructure and chemical composition of a glass-ceramic material obtained from Latvian industrial waste, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used. In the glass-ceramic material various crystalline phases such as quartz, hematite, anorthite, spinels etc. were identified. The crystalline phases contain a higher amount of metallic elements (e.g. Al, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn and most probably also other heavy metals) than the residual glassy phase. Relations between microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties were established.","publication_date":"2011,,","publication_name":"Iop Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"50660186"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Characterization of glass-ceramics microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [195104]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":50660186,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Characterization of glass-ceramics microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/50660186/mini_magick20190128-19247-17bw0n4.png?1548685765" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Characterization of glass-ceramics microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="195104" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/EliasChatzitheodoridis"><img alt="Profile image of Elias Chatzitheodoridis" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/195104/1189444/1490450/s65_elias.chatzitheodoridis.jpg" />Elias Chatzitheodoridis</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2011, Iop Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 2357360; 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A REVIEW</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55638337" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BornieMcKwanya">Bornie Mc Kwanya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials of fine microstructure that are produced by the controlled crystallisation (devitrification) of a glass. Numerous silicate based wastes, such as coal combustion ash, slag from steel production, fly ash and filter dusts from waste incinerators, mud from metal hydrometallurgy, different types of sludge as well as glass cullet or mixtures of them have been considered for the production of glass-ceramics. Developments of glass-ceramics from waste using different processing methods are described comprehensively in this review, covering R&D work carried out worldwide in the last 40 years. Properties and applications of the different glass-ceramics produced are discussed. The review reveals that considerable knowledge and expertise has been accumulated on the process of transformation of silicate waste into useful glass-ceramic products. These glass-ceramics are attractive as building materials for usage as construction and architectural components or for other specialised technical applications requiring a combination of suitable thermo-mechanical properties. Previous attempts to commercialise glass-ceramics from waste and to scale-up production for industrial exploitation are also discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"GLASS-CERAMICS: THEIR PRODUCTION FROM WASTES. A REVIEW","attachmentId":49877809,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29431924/GLASS_CERAMICS_THEIR_PRODUCTION_FROM_WASTES_A_REVIEW","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29431924/GLASS_CERAMICS_THEIR_PRODUCTION_FROM_WASTES_A_REVIEW"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="67747823" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67747823/Development_and_Characterization_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Combinations_of_Slag_Fly_Ash_and_Glass_Cullet_without_Adding_Nucleating_Agents">Development and Characterization of Glass-Ceramics from Combinations of Slag, Fly Ash, and Glass Cullet without Adding Nucleating Agents</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36131983" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JudithRoether">Judith Roether</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Materials</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Developments in the field of materials science are contributing to providing solutions for the recycling of industrial residues to develop new materials. Such approaches generate new products and provide optimal alternatives to the final disposal of different types of industrial wastes. This research focused on identifying and characterizing slag, fly ash, and glass cullet from the Boyacá region in Colombia as raw materials for producing glass-ceramics, with the innovative aspect of the use of these three residues without the addition of nucleating agents to produce the glass-ceramics. To characterize the starting materials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used. The results were used to evaluate the best conditions to produce mixtures of the three waste components and to determine the specific compositions of glass-ceramics to achieve products with attractive technical properties for potential industrial appli...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development and Characterization of Glass-Ceramics from Combinations of Slag, Fly Ash, and Glass Cullet without Adding Nucleating Agents","attachmentId":78461219,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67747823/Development_and_Characterization_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Combinations_of_Slag_Fly_Ash_and_Glass_Cullet_without_Adding_Nucleating_Agents","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67747823/Development_and_Characterization_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Combinations_of_Slag_Fly_Ash_and_Glass_Cullet_without_Adding_Nucleating_Agents"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="17209291" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17209291/Crystallization_Kinetics_of_Iron_Rich_Glass_Ceramic_Obtained_from_Waste_of_Steel_Industry">Crystallization Kinetics of Iron Rich Glass-Ceramic Obtained from Waste of Steel Industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36706950" href="https://unesc.academia.edu/OscarRubemKleguesMontedo">Oscar Rubem Klegues Montedo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Materials Science Forum, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Crystallization Kinetics of Iron Rich Glass-Ceramic Obtained from Waste of Steel Industry","attachmentId":39388742,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17209291/Crystallization_Kinetics_of_Iron_Rich_Glass_Ceramic_Obtained_from_Waste_of_Steel_Industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17209291/Crystallization_Kinetics_of_Iron_Rich_Glass_Ceramic_Obtained_from_Waste_of_Steel_Industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="44630066" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44630066/Characterization_of_Combination_of_Glass_and_Porcelain_Waste_in_Ceramic_Production">Characterization of Combination of Glass and Porcelain Waste in Ceramic Production</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="158509893" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SLUJST">Sule Lamido University Journal of Science and Technology (SLUJST)</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Volume 1, Issue 2, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ceramics have become well known all over the world due to its properties, such as hardness, corrosion-resistant and withstand high tempetarures. Ceramics are made up of three components which are clay, quartz and feldspar. The shortage and rising cost of ceramics raw materials leads to the use of glass waste as the alternative raw material to replace the conventional raw material (feldspar). The environmental issue like pollution also can be reduced since the glass waste can be treated wisely. The percentages of glass waste addition used in this study are 0 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 8 wt.% and 10 wt.% respectively. The sintering temperatures used are 1100 °C, 1150 °C and 1200 °C. The physical properties, mechanical properties, microstructure studies were the parameters used to measure the compatibility of addition of glass waste to porcelain waste in ceramic production. 1200 °C and 2 wt.% of glass waste were the optimum sintering temperatures and weight percent of glass waste addition to the porcelain waste that produced the best sample of ceramic.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of Combination of Glass and Porcelain Waste in Ceramic Production","attachmentId":65100013,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44630066/Characterization_of_Combination_of_Glass_and_Porcelain_Waste_in_Ceramic_Production","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44630066/Characterization_of_Combination_of_Glass_and_Porcelain_Waste_in_Ceramic_Production"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2050140" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2050140/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Alumina_Refinery_Waste_Exploration_of_Utilization_Potentials_of_High_Iron_Bauxite_Residue">Production of Glass Ceramics from Alumina Refinery Waste: Exploration of Utilization Potentials of High Iron Bauxite Residue</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="551817" href="https://jnarddc.academia.edu/MohamedNajarPA">Dr. Mohamed Najar P A</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of International Conference IBAAS - 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Production of Glass Ceramics from Alumina Refinery Waste: Exploration of Utilization Potentials of High Iron Bauxite Residue 1Manoj T. Nimje*, 1Mohamed Najar P.A, 1S.U.Bagde, 1V.S.Pathak, 1S.S.Prajapati 2B.K.Satpathy and 1J. Mukhopadhyay 1Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre Amaravati Road, Wadi, Nagpur – 440 023, India 2National Aluminium Company Limited, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar – 751 061, India ABSTRACT Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials of fine microstructure that are produced by the controlled crystallization of a glass. The major application area of these materials is associated with building and construction where glass-ceramics are largely used as decorative and architectural components. Silicate based industrial rejects such as fly ash, coal ash, slag etc. are identified as the potential industrial waste for recycling in to glass ceramics probably due the lesser proportion of iron oxide and significant presence of alumina. Bauxite residue is one of the major solid wastes generated in aluminium industry and characterized with the presence of high iron oxide content and comparatively low range of silica. The present study investigates the utilization of bauxite residue which contains more than 50 – 60 % iron oxide for the production of glass ceramics. The experimental trials were carried out after the addition of nucleating agents and glass forming materials at a temperature range 1100 – 1400 0C. The glass melt is retained for crystal generation at optimized temperature and residence time. Further it is converted in to glass ceramics by devitrification and heat treatment process in the range of 600-800 0C. The glass-ceramic samples generated from bauxite residue show good wear and abrasion resistance. Change of surface coloration, velvetiness and aesthetic appearance of the product with respect to materials composition were also examined. The proposed method permits an optimum utilization 30-70 % red mud in raw mix. Attempts are made to commercialize glass-ceramics from bauxite residue. Furthermore scale-up production for industrial exploitation is in progress. Key Words: Bauxite Residue; Heat Treatment; Devitrification; Glass Ceramics; Waste Recycling</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Production of Glass Ceramics from Alumina Refinery Waste: Exploration of Utilization Potentials of High Iron Bauxite Residue","attachmentId":31409947,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2050140/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Alumina_Refinery_Waste_Exploration_of_Utilization_Potentials_of_High_Iron_Bauxite_Residue","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2050140/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Alumina_Refinery_Waste_Exploration_of_Utilization_Potentials_of_High_Iron_Bauxite_Residue"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="18432573" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18432573/The_influence_of_various_additions_on_a_glass_ceramic_matrix_composition_based_on_industrial_waste">The influence of various additions on a glass-ceramic matrix composition based on industrial waste</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38438826" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DianaBajare">Diana Bajare</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ceramics International, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The influence of various additions on a glass-ceramic matrix composition based on industrial waste","attachmentId":40060845,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18432573/The_influence_of_various_additions_on_a_glass_ceramic_matrix_composition_based_on_industrial_waste","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18432573/The_influence_of_various_additions_on_a_glass_ceramic_matrix_composition_based_on_industrial_waste"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="56507779" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56507779/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Alumina_Refinery_Waste_Exploration_of_Utilization_Potentials_of_High_Iron_Bauxite_Residuemore">Production of Glass Ceramics from Alumina Refinery Waste: Exploration of Utilization Potentials of High Iron Bauxite Residuemore</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="551817" href="https://jnarddc.academia.edu/MohamedNajarPA">Dr. Mohamed Najar P A</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials of fine microstructure that are produced by the controlled crystallization of a glass. The major application area of these materials is associated with building and construction where glass-ceramics are largely used as decorative and architectural components. Silicate based industrial rejects such as fly ash, coal ash, slag etc. are identified as the potential industrial waste for recycling in to glass ceramics probably due the lesser proportion of iron oxide and significant presence of alumina. Bauxite residue is one of the major solid wastes generated in aluminium industry and characterized with the presence of high iron oxide content and comparatively low range of silica. The present study investigates the utilization of bauxite residue which contains more than 50 – 60 % iron oxide for the production of glass ceramics. The experimental trials were carried out after the addition of nucleating agents and glass forming materials ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Production of Glass Ceramics from Alumina Refinery Waste: Exploration of Utilization Potentials of High Iron Bauxite Residuemore","attachmentId":71860335,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56507779/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Alumina_Refinery_Waste_Exploration_of_Utilization_Potentials_of_High_Iron_Bauxite_Residuemore","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56507779/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Alumina_Refinery_Waste_Exploration_of_Utilization_Potentials_of_High_Iron_Bauxite_Residuemore"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2357361" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2357361/Chracterization_of_glass_ceramics_containing_industrial_waste">Chracterization of glass-ceramics containing industrial waste</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="195104" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/EliasChatzitheodoridis">Elias Chatzitheodoridis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Construction Science, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chracterization of glass-ceramics containing industrial waste","attachmentId":50660184,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2357361/Chracterization_of_glass_ceramics_containing_industrial_waste","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2357361/Chracterization_of_glass_ceramics_containing_industrial_waste"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="89458680" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89458680/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Waste_Materials_and_Optimization_of_the_Main_Process_Parameters">Production of Glass-Ceramics from Waste Materials and Optimization of the Main Process Parameters</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="163926954" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KirilLisichkov">Kiril Lisichkov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this study the 3D surface model was successfully applied in investigating the influence of the process parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of the glass-ceramics. Glassceramics was produced from coal fly ash and waste glass through the sintering method. The raw material was taken from “REK Bitola”, a thermal power plant in the Republic of Macedonia. Glass-ceramics was obtained through the process of consolidation. Compacts with different ratio of fly ash and waste glass were pressed at 45 MPa, sintered in the temperature interval from 1000 to 1100oC, and isothermal time at the final temperature from 1h to 5h. The process of optimization was conducted on the process parameters such as quantity of glass, sintering temperature and isothermal time. According to the results of the process of optimization presented by the software package, a final model equations of the density and bending strength dependence were obtained.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Production of Glass-Ceramics from Waste Materials and Optimization of the Main Process Parameters","attachmentId":93261744,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89458680/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Waste_Materials_and_Optimization_of_the_Main_Process_Parameters","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89458680/Production_of_Glass_Ceramics_from_Waste_Materials_and_Optimization_of_the_Main_Process_Parameters"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="68212890" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68212890/Glass_ceramic_materials_obtained_by_recycling_goethite_industrial_wastes">Glass-ceramic materials obtained by recycling goethite industrial wastes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37639728" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCantalini">Carlo Cantalini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Glass-ceramic materials obtained by recycling goethite industrial wastes","attachmentId":78770346,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68212890/Glass_ceramic_materials_obtained_by_recycling_goethite_industrial_wastes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68212890/Glass_ceramic_materials_obtained_by_recycling_goethite_industrial_wastes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50660186,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50660186,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_50660186" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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