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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Préhistoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Préhistoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Préhistoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Préhistoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Les_royaumes_et_empires_de_l'Inde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_royaumes_et_empires_de_l'Inde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Les royaumes et empires de l'Inde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_royaumes_et_empires_de_l'Inde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_période_de_domination_britannique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_période_de_domination_britannique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>La période de domination britannique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_période_de_domination_britannique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Géographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Géographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Géographie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Géographie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Géographie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Géographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faune_et_flore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faune_et_flore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Faune et flore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faune_et_flore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politique_et_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politique_et_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politique et administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politique_et_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Politique et administration</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politique_et_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdivisions_administratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions_administratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Subdivisions administratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions_administratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violences_politico-religieuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violences_politico-religieuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Violences politico-religieuses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violences_politico-religieuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Démographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Démographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Démographie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Démographie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Démographie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Démographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Évolution_démographique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Évolution_démographique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Évolution démographique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Évolution_démographique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_par_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_par_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Population par religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_par_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principales_villes_de_l'Uttar_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principales_villes_de_l'Uttar_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Principales villes de l'Uttar Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principales_villes_de_l'Uttar_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Économie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Économie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Économie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Économie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Économie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Économie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Développement_économique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Développement_économique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Développement économique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Développement_économique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Droit_du_travail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Droit_du_travail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Droit du travail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Droit_du_travail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Transports</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport_aérien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_aérien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Transport aérien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_aérien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_fluvial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_fluvial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Transport fluvial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_fluvial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_ferroviaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_ferroviaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Transport ferroviaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_ferroviaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_routier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_routier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Transport routier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_routier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Éducation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Éducation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Éducation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Éducation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Éducation</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Éducation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Situation_des_femmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situation_des_femmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Situation des femmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situation_des_femmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enseignement_supérieur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enseignement_supérieur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Enseignement supérieur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enseignement_supérieur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Culture</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Langue_et_littérature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Langue_et_littérature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Langue et littérature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Langue_et_littérature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tourisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Notes et références</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Uttar Pradesh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 124 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">124 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A1%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD_%E1%8D%95%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%B4%E1%88%BD" title="ኡተር ፕረዴሽ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኡተር ፕረዴሽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="أتر برديش – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أتر برديش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar-Prade%C5%9F" title="Uttar-Pradeş – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uttar-Pradeş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="اوتار پرادش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوتار پرادش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Утар-Прадэш – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Утар-Прадэш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Утар-Прадэш – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Утар-Прадэш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Утар Прадеш – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Утар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="উত্তরপ্রদেশ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তরপ্রদেশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="উত্তর প্রদেশ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="উত্তর প্রদেশ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarprad%C3%A9%C5%A1" title="Uttarpradéš – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uttarpradéš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA_%DE%95%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%AD%DE%9D%DE%B0" title="އުއްތަރު ޕްރަދޭޝް – maldivien" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އުއްތަރު ޕްރަދޭޝް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldivien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Ούταρ Πραντές – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ούταρ Πραντές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utar-Prade%C5%9Do" title="Utar-Pradeŝo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Utar-Pradeŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="اوتار پرادش – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوتار پرادش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – konkani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6" title="ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A9" title="אוטר פרדש – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוטר פרדש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Prades" title="Uttar Prades – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Uttar Prades" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B7" title="Ուտար Պրադեշ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուտար Պրադեշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="ウッタル・プラデーシュ州 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウッタル・プラデーシュ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="უტარ-პრადეში – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უტარ-პრადეში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6" title="ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%8D%B0%EC%8B%9C%EC%A3%BC" title="우타르프라데시주 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우타르프라데시주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%84%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8E%D9%9B%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="وۄتُر پرَٛدیش – cachemiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وۄتُر پرَٛدیش" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cachemiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttara_Prade%C5%9Ba" title="Uttara Pradeśa – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Uttara Pradeśa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utar_Prade%C5%A1as" title="Utar Pradešas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Utar Pradešas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utarprad%C4%93%C5%A1a" title="Utarpradēša – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Utarpradēša" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Утар Прадеш – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Утар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉത്തർ‌പ്രദേശ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉത്തർ‌പ്രദേശ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар Прадеш – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уттар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81" title="ꯎꯠꯇꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯎꯠꯇꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဥတ္တရပဒေသပြည်နယ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဥတ္တရပဒေသပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="اوتار پرادش – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوتار پرادش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तरप्रदेश – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उत्तरप्रदेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6" title="ଉତ୍ତର ପ୍ରଦେଶ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉତ୍ତର ପ୍ରଦେଶ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਉੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8F%D8%AA%D9%91%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="اُتّر پردیش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اُتّر پردیش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="اتر پرديش – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اتر پرديش" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utar_Pradexe" title="Utar Pradexe – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Utar Pradexe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="उत्तरप्रदेशराज्यम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उत्तरप्रदेशराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Уттар Прадыш – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уттар Прадыш" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="اتر پرديش – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اتر پرديش" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utar_Prade%C5%A1" title="Utar Pradeš – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Utar Pradeš" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A" title="උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ් – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarprad%C3%A9%C5%A1" title="Uttarpradéš – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uttarpradéš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="اتر پردیش – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اتر پردیش" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Утар Прадеш – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Утар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உத்தரப் பிரதேசம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6" title="ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ – toulou" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="toulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D" title="ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్ – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар Прадеш – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уттар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="รัฐอุตตรประเทศ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐอุตตรประเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Prade%C5%9F" title="Uttar Pradeş – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uttar Pradeş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="اتر پردیش – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اتر پردیش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar-Pradesh" title="Uttar-Pradesh – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uttar-Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" title="北方邦 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北方邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="უტარ-პრადეში – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უტარ-პრადეში" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A9" title="אוטאר פראדעש – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוטאר פראדעש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" title="北方邦 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北方邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" title="北方邦 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北方邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1498#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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style="background-color:#ffa900;color:black;">Uttar Pradesh <br /><small>उत्तर प्रदेश <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : hindi">(hi)</abbr></small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blason de Uttar Pradesh"><img alt="Blason de Uttar Pradesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/90px-Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/135px-Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/180px-Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="478" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_embl%C3%A8mes_des_%C3%89tats_d%27Inde" title="Liste des emblèmes des États d'Inde">Emblème</a> </small></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichier:India_UP.svg&lang=fr" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Uttar Pradesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/India_UP.svg/langfr-280px-India_UP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/India_UP.svg/langfr-420px-India_UP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/India_UP.svg/langfr-560px-India_UP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1868" /></a></span> <br />Localisation de l'État en Inde. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffa900; color:#000000">Administration</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_du_monde" title="Liste des pays du monde">Pays</a> </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Inde"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Inde"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Inde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Capitale </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Plus grande ville </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Création </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Langue officielle </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_(Inde)" title="Gouverneur (Inde)">Gouverneur</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ministre_en_chef_(Inde)" title="Ministre en chef (Inde)">Ministre en chef</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>) </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffa900; color:#000000">Démographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Recensement_de_la_population" title="Recensement de la population">Population</a> </th> <td>241 066 874 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant">hab.</abbr> <small>(2021)</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align: bottom"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_population" title="Densité de population">Densité</a></th> <td>1 001 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant par kilomètre carré">hab./km<sup>2</sup></abbr></td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Rang </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27Inde#Liste_des_États_et_territoires" title="États et territoires de l'Inde">1<sup>er</sup></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffa900; color:#000000">Géographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Aire_(g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie)#Superficie" title="Aire (géométrie)">Superficie</a> </th> <td>240 928 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Rang </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27Inde#Liste_des_États_et_territoires" title="États et territoires de l'Inde">5<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:left;"><div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #ffa900 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_%C3%89tat_de_l%27Inde" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>L'<b>Uttar Pradesh</b> (en <span style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a> : <span class="lang-hi" lang="hi">उत्तर प्रदेश</span></span>, <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">/<a href="/wiki/API_%CB%88" class="mw-redirect" title="API ˈ"><span title="[ˈ] indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l'accent tonique.">ˈ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʊ"><span title="[ʊ] en français canadien, « ou » dans « foule » ; en anglais, « u » dans « put ».">ʊ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CB%90" class="mw-redirect" title="API ː"><span title="[ː] indique que le son précédent est allongé/géminé.">ː</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="API ə"><span title="[ə] « e » dans « refrain ».">ə</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɾ"><span title="[ɾ] « r » du français languedocien. En catalan, « r » dans « pare ».">ɾ</span></a> <a href="/wiki/API_p" class="mw-redirect" title="API p"><span title="[p] « p » dans « papa ».">p</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɾ"><span title="[ɾ] « r » du français languedocien. En catalan, « r » dans « pare ».">ɾ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="API ə"><span title="[ə] « e » dans « refrain ».">ə</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CB%88" class="mw-redirect" title="API ˈ"><span title="[ˈ] indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l'accent tonique.">ˈ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_d" class="mw-redirect" title="API d"><span title="[d] en français « d » dans « doux » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">d</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_e" class="mw-redirect" title="API e"><span title="[e] « é » dans « clé ».">e</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CB%90" class="mw-redirect" title="API ː"><span title="[ː] indique que le son précédent est allongé/géminé.">ː</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%83" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʃ"><span title="[ʃ] « ch » dans « chou ».">ʃ</span></a>/</span>, <abbr class="abbr" title="littéralement">litt.</abbr> « province du Nord ») est un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats_de_l%27Inde" class="mw-redirect" title="États de l'Inde">État</a> du nord de la <a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">République indienne</a>. C'est l'État le plus peuplé du pays, avec un peu moins de 250 millions d'habitants<sup id="cite_ref-2011_upgov.nic.in_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_upgov.nic.in-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-géo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-géo-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il a été créé le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1937-04-01" data-sort-value="1937-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 1937</time>, pendant la domination britannique, sous le nom de <b>Provinces-Unies d'Agra et d'Oudh</b>, et a été renommé Uttar Pradesh (abrégé en UP) en 1950. L'État est divisé en 18 divisions et 75 districts, la capitale étant <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>. Le 9 novembre 2000, un nouvel État, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, a été découpé dans la région montagneuse de l'État de l'Himalaya. Les deux principaux fleuves de l'État, le <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a> et <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>, se rejoignent à <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> et coulent plus à l'est en tant que <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a>. L'<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a> est la langue la plus parlée et est également la langue officielle de l'État, avec l'<a href="/wiki/Ourdou" title="Ourdou">ourdou</a>. </p><p>L'État couvre 243 290 kilomètres carrés, soit 7,34 % de la superficie totale de l'Inde, et est le quatrième plus grand État indien par zone. L'agriculture et les industries de services sont ses principales activités économiques. L'économie de l'Uttar Pradesh est la cinquième plus grande économie d'État de l'Inde, avec 250 milliards de dollars de produit intérieur brut et un PIB par habitant de 980 dollars. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme">hindouisme</a> est pratiqué par plus des trois quarts de la population, les musulmans formant le deuxième groupe religieux le plus important. L'Uttar Pradesh abritait de puissants empires de l'Inde ancienne et médiévale. L'État a plusieurs destinations touristiques historiques, naturelles et religieuses, telles que <a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, Prayagraj, <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, Lucknow et <a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Préhistoire"><span id="Pr.C3.A9histoire"></span>Préhistoire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Préhistoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Préhistoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Des vestiges archéologiques, attestant de la présence de chasseurs-cueilleurs <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a> à l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_de_la_pierre" title="Âge de la pierre">âge de la pierre</a> en Uttar Pradesh<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, sont datés<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>n 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> entre 85 000 et 72 000 ans. D'autres découvertes préhistoriques comprennent des artefacts paléolithiques vieux de 21 000 à 31 000 ans<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et des campements de chasseurs-cueilleurs du <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9solithique" title="Mésolithique">Mésolithique</a>/<a href="/wiki/Microlithe_(Pr%C3%A9histoire)" title="Microlithe (Préhistoire)">Microlithique</a> à proximité de <a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh" title="Pratapgarh">Pratapgarh</a>, datant entre 10 550 et 9550 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> Des villages abritant du bétail, des chèvres et des moutons attestent qu'une activité agricole a débuté dès -6000 et s'est graduellement développée entre -4000 et -1500, entre la <a href="/wiki/Civilisation_de_la_vall%C3%A9e_de_l%27Indus" title="Civilisation de la vallée de l'Indus">Civilisation de la vallée de l'Indus</a> et la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_v%C3%A9dique" title="Période védique">Période védique</a> en s’étendant jusqu'à l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_fer" title="Âge du fer">âge du fer</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_royaumes_et_empires_de_l'Inde"><span id="Les_royaumes_et_empires_de_l.27Inde"></span>Les royaumes et empires de l'Inde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Les royaumes et empires de l'Inde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les royaumes et empires de l'Inde"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rama_in_forest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rama_in_forest.jpg/150px-Rama_in_forest.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rama_in_forest.jpg/225px-Rama_in_forest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rama_in_forest.jpg/300px-Rama_in_forest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>Rama accompagné de sa femme Sita et de son frère Lakshmana.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le royaume de <a href="/wiki/Kosala" title="Kosala">Kosala</a>, à l'époque des <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahâ-Janapadas</a>, était situé à l'intérieur des frontières actuelles de l'Uttar Pradesh<sup id="cite_ref-Sen1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen1999-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Selon la légende hindoue, le roi divin <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rāma</a> de l'épopée du <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> régnait à <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a>, la capitale du Kosala<sup id="cite_ref-Buck2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buck2000-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, un autre roi hindou qui joua un rôle clé dans l'épopée du <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>, et qui est révéré comme la huitième réincarnation du dieu <a href="/wiki/Vishnou" title="Vishnou">Vishnu</a>, est réputé être né dans la ville de <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a> dans l'Uttar Pradesh<sup id="cite_ref-Sen1999_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen1999-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La fin de la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Kurukshetra" title="Bataille de Kurukshetra">guerre de Kurukshetra</a> s'est déroulée dans la zone située entre le <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%81b" title="Doāb">Doāb supérieur</a> et <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, dans ce qui était le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Kuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Royaume de Kuru">Royaume de Kuru</a> des <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahâ-Janapadas</a>, durant le règne du roi <a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhisthira</a> du <a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pândava</a>. Le royaume correspond à la <a href="/wiki/Culture_de_la_c%C3%A9ramique_noire_et_rouge" title="Culture de la céramique noire et rouge">culture de la céramique noire et rouge</a> et à la <a href="/wiki/Culture_de_la_c%C3%A9ramique_grise_peinte" title="Culture de la céramique grise peinte">culture de la céramique grise peinte</a> et au début de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_fer" title="Âge du fer">Âge du fer</a> dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Inde autour de l'an 1000 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Sen1999_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen1999-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La plupart des envahisseurs du nord de l'Inde sont passés par les plaines du Gange de ce qui est maintenant appelé l'Uttar Pradesh. Le contrôle de cette région était vital pour le pouvoir et la stabilité de tous les empires majeurs de l'Inde, dont l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_maurya" title="Empire maurya">Empire maurya</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_kouchan" title="Empire kouchan">empire Kouchan</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_Gupta" title="Empire Gupta">empire Gupta</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Pratih%C3%A2ra" title="Pratihâra">empire Gurjâra-Pratihâra</a><sup id="cite_ref-White2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White2010-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. À la suite des invasions des <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> qui brisent l'empire Gupta, le <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%81b" title="Doāb">Doāb</a> du <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a>-<a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> voit l'essor de la dynastie <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2nnauj" title="Kânnauj">Kannauj</a><sup id="cite_ref-Corporation2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corporation2007-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pendant le règne de l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harshavardhana</a>, l'empire Kannauj atteint son apogée<sup id="cite_ref-Corporation2007_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corporation2007-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il s'étend de la région du <a href="/wiki/Pendjab" title="Pendjab">Pendjab</a> au Nord, du <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> à l'ouest, au <a href="/wiki/Bengale" title="Bengale">Bengale</a> à l'est et l'<a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> au sud<sup id="cite_ref-Sen1999_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen1999-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il inclut alors des parties du Centre de l'Inde, le Nord du <a href="/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada">fleuve Narmadâ</a> et il comprend toute la <a href="/wiki/Plaine_indo-gang%C3%A9tique" title="Plaine indo-gangétique">plaine indo-gangétique</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chopra2003_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chopra2003-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De nombreuses communautés de diverses régions de l'Inde se disent descendre de migrants de Kannauj<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman2000_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman2000-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Juste après la mort de Harshavardhana, l'empire se scinde en de nombreux royaumes qui seront envahis et subiront la loi de l'<a href="/wiki/Pratih%C3%A2ra" title="Pratihâra">empire Gurjara-Pratihara</a> qui est en concurrence avec la <a href="/wiki/Dynastie_Pala" title="Dynastie Pala">dynastie Pala</a> pour la domination de la région<sup id="cite_ref-Chopra2003_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chopra2003-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Plus tard, à l'époque de l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_moghol" title="Empire moghol">Empire moghol</a>, l'Uttar Pradesh devient le cœur du vaste empire de l'<a href="/wiki/Sous-continent_indien" title="Sous-continent indien">Hindoustan</a>, nom que l'on utilise encore de nos jours pour désigner l'Inde<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman2000_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman2000-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="/wiki/Empire_moghol" title="Empire moghol">empereurs moghols</a> <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Bâbur</a> et <a href="/wiki/Hum%C3%A2y%C3%BBn" title="Humâyûn">Humâyûn</a> gouvernaient de Delhi<sup id="cite_ref-Schimmel2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schimmel2004-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hindustan)Hiro2006_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindustan)Hiro2006-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1540 un Afghan, <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a>, gouverne l'Uttar Pradesh après avoir vaincu <a href="/wiki/Hum%C3%A2y%C3%BBn" title="Humâyûn">Humâyûn</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ramirez-Faria2007_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramirez-Faria2007-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Sher Shah et son fils <a href="/wiki/Islam_Shah_Suri" title="Islam Shah Suri">Islam Shah Suri</a> dirigent l'Uttar Pradesh de leur capitale <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a><sup id="cite_ref-hindustan_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindustan-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après la mort de <a href="/wiki/Islam_Shah_Suri" title="Islam Shah Suri">Islam Shah Suri</a>, son premier ministre <a href="/wiki/Samrat_Hem_Chandra_Vikramaditya" title="Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya">Hemu</a> devient <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">de facto</span></i> le dirigeant de l'Uttar Pradesh, du <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, du <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, et de l'ouest du <a href="/wiki/Bengale" title="Bengale">Bengale</a>. On lui décerne le titre de <a href="/wiki/Vikram%C3%A2ditya" title="Vikramâditya">Vikramaditya</a> lors de son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajyabhishake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajyabhishake (page inexistante)">couronnement</a> au fort de <a href="/wiki/Purana_Qila" title="Purana Qila">Purana Qila</a> à Delhi et il est appelé <a href="/wiki/Samrat_Hem_Chandra_Vikramaditya" title="Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya">Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya</a>. Hemu meurt durant la <a href="/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_bataille_de_Panipat" title="Deuxième bataille de Panipat">deuxième bataille de Pânipat</a>, et l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> impose sa loi à l'Uttar Pradesh<sup id="cite_ref-Agrawal1983_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agrawal1983-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Akbar gouverne d'<a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Āgrā</a> et <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur-Sikri" title="Fatehpur-Sikri">Fatehpur-Sikrī</a>. À son apogée, l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_moghol" title="Empire moghol">Empire moghol</a>, qui couvre presque tout le sous continent indien (y compris les territoires actuels de l'<a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, du <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> et du <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>), est gouverné de Delhi, Āgrā, ou Prayagraj selon les périodes<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_période_de_domination_britannique"><span id="La_p.C3.A9riode_de_domination_britannique"></span>La période de domination britannique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : La période de domination britannique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : La période de domination britannique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Spécial:EditPage/Uttar Pradesh">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a></div></div> <p>Lors de la seconde moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle une série de batailles donna le contrôle de l’État à la <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_britannique_des_Indes_orientales" title="Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales">Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales</a>. Après la victoire britannique lors de la seconde <a href="/wiki/Guerres_anglo-marathes" title="Guerres anglo-marathes">guerre anglo-marathe</a>, Daulat Rao Sindhia signa le traité de Surij-Anjangaon cédant ainsi à l’Empire les terres situées entre le <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>, la région de <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, ainsi que des parties du <a href="/wiki/Bundelkund" title="Bundelkund">Bundelkhand</a> et du Braj. Les royaumes d’Ajmer et de <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a> furent également rattachés à ce que les Britanniques appelèrent les provinces du Nord-Ouest. </p><p>Le mécontentement dû à la domination britannique engendra une grande rébellion à travers la province et qui deviendra le point de départ de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_des_cipayes" title="Révolte des cipayes">révolte des Cipayes</a>. Après que les Britanniques eurent maté la rébellion, ceux-ci tentèrent de diviser les régions révolutionnaires en redécoupant les territoires. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Géographie"><span id="G.C3.A9ographie"></span>Géographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Géographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Géographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/200px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/300px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/400px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> Vue satellitaire de la <a href="/wiki/Plaine_indo-gang%C3%A9tique" title="Plaine indo-gangétique">plaine indo-gangétique</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'Uttar Pradesh a une superficie totale de 243 290 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>, ce qui le classe cinquième État de l'Inde pour sa superficie. Il est bordé au nord par le <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pal" title="Népal">Népal</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, à l’ouest par l’<a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, l’<a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> et <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, à l’est par le <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, au sud par le <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>. </p><p>Ses villes principales : <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Vārānasī</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>n 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lakhnau</a> (la capitale), <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhansi" title="Jhansi">Jhansi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a> et <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Āgrā</a>. </p><p>L’Uttar Pradesh est traversé par plus de trente-deux rivières, citons le <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamunā</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_(fleuve)" title="Sarasvati (fleuve)">Saraswatī</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Sarayu" title="Sarayu">Sarayu</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Gomt%C3%AE" title="Gomtî">Gomti</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Ramganga" title="Ramganga">Ramganga</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Karnali_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Karnali (rivière)">Karnali</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Betw%C3%A2" title="Betwâ">Betwa</a> qui sont les plus grandes et ont une grande importance religieuse dans l'<a href="/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme">Hindouisme</a><sup id="cite_ref-rivers_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rivers-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a> borde l'Uttar Pradesh au nord<sup id="cite_ref-land_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-land-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, mais les plaines qui couvrent la plus grande partie de l’État diffèrent fortement de cette région montagneuse<sup id="cite_ref-Geography_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geography-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La région la plus étendue, la <a href="/wiki/Plaine_indo-gang%C3%A9tique" title="Plaine indo-gangétique">Plaine indo-gangétique</a> au nord comprend le <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%81b" title="Doāb">Doāb</a> entre le <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>, les plaines de la <a href="/wiki/Karnali_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Karnali (rivière)">Ghaghra</a>, les plaines du <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Terra%C3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraï">Terraï</a><sup id="cite_ref-Terai_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terai-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Au sud, se trouvent les <a href="/wiki/Vindhya" title="Vindhya">Vindhya</a> et la région des plateaux<sup id="cite_ref-vindhya_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vindhya-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle est caractérisée par des strates de roches dures et une <a href="/wiki/Topographie" title="Topographie">topographie</a> variée de <a href="/wiki/Colline" title="Colline">collines</a>, de plaines, de vallées et de plateaux. Le <a href="/wiki/Bhabhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhabhar">Bhabhar</a> laisse la place à la région de Terraï couverte d'<a href="/wiki/Saccharum_ravennae" title="Saccharum ravennae">herbe des éléphants</a> et d'épaisses forêts entrecoupées de zones marécageuses<sup id="cite_ref-BhargavaBhatt2005_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BhargavaBhatt2005-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les rivières paresseuses du Bhabhar s'y approfondissent, elles s'écoulent sous enchevêtrement de végétation épaisse. Le <a href="/wiki/Terra%C3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraï">Terraï</a> est parallèle à la <a href="/wiki/Bhabhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhabhar">Bhabhar</a>, le long d'une mince bande terrestre appelée <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%81b" title="Doāb">Doāb</a>. La plaine alluviale est partagée en trois sous-régions<sup id="cite_ref-BhargavaBhatt2005_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BhargavaBhatt2005-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li>La région <a href="/wiki/Purvanchal" title="Purvanchal">orientale</a> constituée de 14 districts sujets à des alternances d'<a href="/wiki/Inondation" title="Inondation">inondations</a> et de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9cheresse" title="Sécheresse">sécheresses</a>. Ces districts ont la population la plus dense et le <a href="/wiki/Revenu_par_t%C3%AAte" title="Revenu par tête">revenu par tête</a> le plus bas.</li> <li>La région <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">centrale</a> et la région <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Uttar Pradesh (page inexistante)">occidentale</a> bénéficient d'un meilleur système d'irrigation<sup id="cite_ref-BhargavaBhatt2005_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BhargavaBhatt2005-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elles souffrent de l'exploitation de l'eau par les exploitations à grande échelle<sup id="cite_ref-BhargavaBhatt2005_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BhargavaBhatt2005-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> alors qu’elles sont relativement arides.</li></ul> <p>En 2001, trois nouveaux États ont été créés en Inde, dont l'<a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, petit État sur la bordure himalayenne, qui faisait jusque-là partie de l'Uttar Pradesh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climat">Climat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Climat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Climat"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Monsoon_clouds_Lucknow.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Monsoon_clouds_Lucknow.JPG/200px-Monsoon_clouds_Lucknow.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Monsoon_clouds_Lucknow.JPG/300px-Monsoon_clouds_Lucknow.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Monsoon_clouds_Lucknow.JPG/400px-Monsoon_clouds_Lucknow.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption> Nuages de mousson au-dessus de <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'Uttar Pradesh a un climat tempéré et humide et présente trois saisons. L'hiver d'octobre à février est suivi de l'été de mars à mi-juin et par la saison de la <a href="/wiki/Mousson" title="Mousson">mousson</a> de mars à septembre<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-climate009_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate009-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li>L'été est chaud et sec, les températures montent à <span title="113 °F ou 318,2 K" style="cursor:help">45</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>, parfois à <span title="118,4 °F ou 321,2 K" style="cursor:help">48</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. L'humidité est relative (20 %); Les vents sont souvent chargés de poussières. Les étés ont des variations de températures extrêmes de <span title="32 °F ou 273,2 K" style="cursor:help">0</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> et <span title="122 °F ou 323,2 K" style="cursor:help">50</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> dans différentes parties de l'État<sup id="cite_ref-climate009_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate009-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>La mousson: apporte 85 % des précipitations annuelles (990 <abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre">mm</abbr>).</li> <li>L'hiver est froid, les températures descendent à 3-4 <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>, et parfois à <span title="30,2 °F ou 272,2 K" style="cursor:help">−1</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. Le ciel est clair, des brouillards locaux. La neige est très rare en hiver, surtout dans les plaines du Gange, mais elle est fréquente sur les hauts reliefs.</li> <li>En hiver, il n'est pas rare de voir de grands changements de températures. Par exemple, il peut faire 5°, et le lendemain 25°, le surlendemain 21°, et au quatrième jour 15°, une situation courante.</li> <li>Il n'est pas rare de relever des températures d'environ 30° en hiver, mais le thermomètre ne dépasse jamais les 32° (record en janvier 2010).</li> <li>Durant l'été 2015, le thermomètre a dépassé les 48° pendant plusieurs semaines, à partir de juin, et a dépassé les 50° pendant de nombreux jours, pour se stabiliser à 45° à la mi-août.</li></ul> <p>Les climats des plaines du Gange vont du semi-aride au sub-humide<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les valeurs moyennes des précipitations annuelles varient de 650 <abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre">mm</abbr> dans le sud-ouest de l'État à 1 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre">mm</abbr> dans les parties orientales et méridionales de l'État<sup id="cite_ref-rainfall_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rainfall-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Phénomène principalement estival, la branche de la baie du Bengale de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mousson_indienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mousson indienne (page inexistante)">mousson indienne</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon_of_India" class="extiw" title="en:Monsoon of India"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Monsoon of India »">(en)</span></a> est le principal pourvoyeur de pluie de la plupart des parties de l’État. C'est la mousson du Sud-Ouest qui apporte la majorité des pluies, car les pluies dues à la <a href="/wiki/Perturbation_occidentale" title="Perturbation occidentale">perturbation occidentale</a> et à la mousson du Nord-Est contribuent faiblement aux précipitations qui affectent l’État<sup id="cite_ref-Board2008_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Board2008-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-WesDist_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WesDist-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les précipitations dans les plaines sont les plus fortes dans l'est et décroissent vers le nord-est. Les <a href="/wiki/Inondation" title="Inondation">inondations</a> sont un problème récurrent de l'U.P., endommageant les récoltes et causant des morts. Les districts de l'Est sont les plus vulnérables en particulier à cause du manque de drainage dû à l'obstruction faite par les routes, les voies ferrées, les canaux et les nouvelles zones résidentielles. Les cours d'eau les plus sujets à débordement sont le <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Gomt%C3%AE" title="Gomtî">Gomti</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Karnali_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Karnali (rivière)">Karnali</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Rapti_Nadi" title="Rapti Nadi">Rapti</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Sarda" title="Sarda">Sarda</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Ramganga" title="Ramganga">Ramganga</a>. La faible capacité de drainage des rivières occidentales Sirsa, Kali et Aligarh est aussi la raison des inondations. </p><p>En 2018, une série de tempêtes de sable font 150 morts et de nombreuses destructions. En juin 2019, outre la chaleur, l'Uttar Pradesh fait face à des tempêtes de sable dont les vents violents ont rasé des maisons et abattu arbres ou poteaux, faisant 24 morts<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faune_et_flore">Faune et flore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Faune et flore" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Faune et flore"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les ressources naturelles de l'Utta Pradesh sont très abondantes<sup id="cite_ref-Flora_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flora-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> En 2011, les forêts s’étendent sur 16 583 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> soit environ 6,88 % de la surface totale de l'État<sup id="cite_ref-fsiwbforest_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsiwbforest-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En dépit de la déforestation rapide et du braconnage des animaux sauvages, il reste une faune et une flore diversifiées dans l'Uttar Pradesh. </p><p>On trouve de nombreuses espèces d'arbres, des petits et grands <a href="/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8re" title="Mammifère">mammifères</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Reptile" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptile">reptiles</a> et des insectes dans la ceinture forestière des montagnes tempérées. </p><p>On trouve des plantes médicinales naturelles<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et on les cultive dans des <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a>. </p><p>Le bétail se nourrit dans la <a href="/wiki/Savane_et_prairies_du_Terra%C3%AF_et_des_Douars" title="Savane et prairies du Terraï et des Douars">savane et les prairies du Terraï et des Douars</a>. </p><p>Des arbres des zones humides à feuilles caduques poussent dans la plaine du Gange supérieur, en particulier le long de ses berges. Cette plaine accueille une grande variété de plantes et d'animaux. Le Gange et ses affluents sont l'habitat de grands et petits reptiles, d'amphibiens, de poissons d'eau douce et de crabes. Les <a href="/wiki/Frutic%C3%A9e" title="Fruticée">Fruticées</a> comme le <a href="/wiki/Vachellia_nilotica" title="Vachellia nilotica">Babool</a> et des animaux tels que le <a href="/wiki/Gazella_bennettii" title="Gazella bennettii">chinkara</a> vivent dans les <a href="/wiki/Vindhya" title="Vindhya">Vindhyas</a> arides<sup id="cite_ref-animals_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animals-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Predominant_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Predominant-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans toutes les parties des plaines, on trouve des forêts de feuillus des zones tropicales sèches. Comme une grande partie de la lumière solaire atteint le sol, les arbustes et les <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">graminées</a> y sont aussi abondants<sup id="cite_ref-Vegetation_and_Flora_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vegetation_and_Flora-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> De larges bandes de ces forets ont été défrichées pour la culture. </p><p>Au sud de l’État, on trouve des forêts tropicales d'épineux, avec des arbres clairsemés principalement des <a href="/wiki/Vachellia_nilotica" title="Vachellia nilotica">babool</a><sup id="cite_ref-Thorny_Forest_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorny_Forest-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> Ces forets sont confinées dans les zones de faible pluviosité annuelle (50–70 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr>), est une température moyenne de 25-27 <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. </p><p>L'Uttar Pradesh est connu pour la richesse de ses <a href="/wiki/Oiseau" title="Oiseau">espèces aviaires</a><sup id="cite_ref-Avifauna_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avifauna-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les espèces aviaires les plus communes sont : les <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">columbidés</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Paon" title="Paon">paon</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Gallus_(genre)" title="Gallus (genre)">gallus</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Perdrix_noire" title="Perdrix noire">perdrix noire</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Moineau_domestique" title="Moineau domestique">moineau domestique</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Passeri" title="Passeri">passeri</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Geai_bleu" title="Geai bleu">geai bleu</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Perruche" title="Perruche">perruches</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Caille" title="Caille">cailles</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Pycnonotidae" title="Pycnonotidae">pycnonotidés</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Canard_%C3%A0_bosse" title="Canard à bosse">canard à bosse</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Alcedinidae" title="Alcedinidae">martins-pêcheurs</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Picidae" title="Picidae">picidés</a>, les <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9cassine_(oiseau)" title="Bécassine (oiseau)">bécassines</a>, et les <a href="/wiki/Psittaciformes" title="Psittaciformes">psittaciformess</a>. Les réserves aviaires de l'État sont entre autres : le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakhira_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakhira Sanctuary (page inexistante)">Bakhira Sanctuary</a>, le <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Chambal_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Chambal Sanctuary (page inexistante)">National Chambal Sanctuary</a>, le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chandra_Prabha_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chandra Prabha Sanctuary (page inexistante)">Chandra Prabha Sanctuary</a>, le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hastinapur_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hastinapur Sanctuary (page inexistante)">Hastinapur Sanctuary</a>, le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaimoor_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaimoor Sanctuary (page inexistante)">Kaimoor Sanctuary</a> et le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Okhla_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okhla Sanctuary (page inexistante)">Okhla Sanctuary</a>. </p><p>Parmi les autres espèces animales, notons les <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zard" title="Lézard">lézards</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Cobra" title="Cobra">cobras</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Bungarus" title="Bungarus">Bungarus</a>, et le <a href="/wiki/Gavial_du_Gange" title="Gavial du Gange">gavial</a>. </p><p>Parmi les nombreuses variétés de poisson, les plus courantes sont le <a href="/wiki/Tor_(poisson)" title="Tor (poisson)">tor</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Truite" title="Truite">truite</a>. </p><p>Quelques espèces animales ont disparu de l'Uttar Pradesh ces dernières années. D'autres, comme le <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a> des plaines du Gange et le <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Terra%C3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraï">Teraï</a>, sont maintenant devenues <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce_menac%C3%A9e" title="Espèce menacée">espèces menacées</a><sup id="cite_ref-S.k.agarwal_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.k.agarwal-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>De nombreuses espèces sont vulnérables au braconnage en dépit des règlements du <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_de_l%27Uttar_Pradesh" title="Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh">gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-fauna_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fauna-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ganges_calling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paysage de la région de Teraï."><img alt="Paysage de la région de Teraï." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/120px-Ganges_calling.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/180px-Ganges_calling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/240px-Ganges_calling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Paysage de la région de <a href="/wiki/Tera%C3%AF" title="Teraï">Teraï</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Gavialis_gangeticus,_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un Gavial du Gange (Gavialis gangeticus)."><img alt="Un Gavial du Gange (Gavialis gangeticus)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg/120px-Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg/180px-Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg/240px-Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un <a href="/wiki/Gavial_du_Gange" title="Gavial du Gange">Gavial du Gange</a> (<i>Gavialis gangeticus</i>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Macaque_India_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macaque rhésus (Macaca mulatta) à Āgrā."><img alt="Macaque rhésus (Macaca mulatta) à Āgrā." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macaque_India_4.jpg/120px-Macaque_India_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macaque_India_4.jpg/180px-Macaque_India_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macaque_India_4.jpg/240px-Macaque_India_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2540" data-file-height="2148" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Macaque_rh%C3%A9sus" title="Macaque rhésus">Macaque rhésus</a> (Macaca mulatta) à Āgrā.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Psittacula_krameri_-Agra_Fort,_Agra,_India-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psittacula krameri sur le fort rouge d'Āgrā."><img alt="Psittacula krameri sur le fort rouge d'Āgrā." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Psittacula_krameri_-Agra_Fort%2C_Agra%2C_India-8.jpg/80px-Psittacula_krameri_-Agra_Fort%2C_Agra%2C_India-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Psittacula_krameri_-Agra_Fort%2C_Agra%2C_India-8.jpg/120px-Psittacula_krameri_-Agra_Fort%2C_Agra%2C_India-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Psittacula_krameri_-Agra_Fort%2C_Agra%2C_India-8.jpg/159px-Psittacula_krameri_-Agra_Fort%2C_Agra%2C_India-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Psittacula_krameri" class="mw-redirect" title="Psittacula krameri">Psittacula krameri</a> sur le fort rouge d'Āgrā.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Anandabodhi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'Arbre Anandabodhi du Monastère Jetavana de Sarasvati."><img alt="L'Arbre Anandabodhi du Monastère Jetavana de Sarasvati." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Anandabodhi2.jpg/90px-Anandabodhi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Anandabodhi2.jpg/135px-Anandabodhi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Anandabodhi2.jpg/180px-Anandabodhi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'Arbre Anandabodhi du Monastère Jetavana de <a href="/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB_(d%C3%A9esse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarasvatī (déesse)">Sarasvati</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Parijat-tree-at-Kintoor-Barabanki-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arbre Parijat au village de Kintoor."><img alt="Arbre Parijat au village de Kintoor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Parijat-tree-at-Kintoor-Barabanki-002.jpg/90px-Parijat-tree-at-Kintoor-Barabanki-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Parijat-tree-at-Kintoor-Barabanki-002.jpg/135px-Parijat-tree-at-Kintoor-Barabanki-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Parijat-tree-at-Kintoor-Barabanki-002.jpg/180px-Parijat-tree-at-Kintoor-Barabanki-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Arbre <a href="/wiki/Adansonia" title="Adansonia">Parijat</a> au village de Kintoor.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politique_et_administration">Politique et administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Politique et administration" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Politique et administration"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’Uttar Pradesh est un État politiquement extrêmement sensible. Le 3 mars 2012, <a href="/wiki/Akhilesh_Yadav" title="Akhilesh Yadav">Akhilesh Yadav</a> du <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> est devenu <a href="/wiki/Ministre_en_chef" title="Ministre en chef">chef de l’exécutif</a>, remportant 224 des 403 sièges de l'État. Auparavant depuis le 13 mai 2007, son prédécesseur était <a href="/wiki/Mayawati_Kumari" title="Mayawati Kumari">Mayawati</a>, leader du <a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a> (BSP). Parti des sans caste (<a href="/wiki/Intouchables_(Inde)" title="Intouchables (Inde)">intouchables</a>), le BSP est principalement implanté en Uttar Pradesh. Aux élections législatives locales de 2007, ce parti avait obtenu, avec 206 élus, la majorité absolue des 403 sièges que compte l'Assemblée de l'État. La dynastie politique des <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>-<a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, représentée aujourd'hui par <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a> et son fils <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> est implantée électoralement en Uttar Pradesh. L'ancien Premier ministre <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Behari Vajpayee</a> en est également issu. </p><p>Aux élections de mars 2017, le <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> obtient une large victoire en remportant plus de trois cents sièges. Il retourne au pouvoir après quatorze ans. Il s'agit du plus grand nombre de sièges que le parti a jamais remporté dans cet État jusqu'à présent<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'Uttar Pradesh est depuis dirigé par Ajay Singh Bisht, dit <a href="/wiki/Adityanath" title="Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a>, un moine hindou qui définit ainsi sa politique : <span class="citation">« Je suis contre tous ceux qui sont contre l'hindouisme. Mon programme est l'hindouisme. »</span><sup id="cite_ref-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> Si Yogi Adityanath fait fermer les abattoirs bovins au nom de la non-violence, il défend une ligne extrémiste et souvent violente contre les musulmans (il a par exemple fait interdire les mariages interreligieux), contre les <a href="/wiki/Intouchables_(Inde)" title="Intouchables (Inde)">Dalits</a> (« intouchables »), contre les journalistes critiques... Celle-ci rencontre peu d'opposition à l'intérieur de l'Uttar Pradesh du fait de la repression subie par toute opposition potentielle<sup id="cite_ref-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette politique s'accompagne d'une augmentation importante de la criminalité contre les Dalits ou contre les femmes<sup id="cite_ref-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions_administratives">Subdivisions administratives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Subdivisions administratives" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Subdivisions administratives"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg/350px-Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg/525px-Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg/700px-Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption> Les divisions territoriales de l'Uttar Pradesh.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Articles connexes : <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_districts_de_l%27Uttar_Pradesh" title="Liste des districts de l'Uttar Pradesh">Liste des districts de l'Uttar Pradesh</a> et <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_divisions_de_l%27Inde" title="Liste des divisions de l'Inde">Liste des divisions de l'Inde</a>.</div></div> <p>L'Uttar Pradesh est divisé en 75 <a href="/wiki/Districts_de_l%27Inde" title="Districts de l'Inde">districts</a> regroupés en 18 <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_divisions_de_l%27Inde" title="Liste des divisions de l'Inde">divisions territoriales</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Divisions</th> <th>Districts </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Saharanpur" title="Division de Saharanpur">Saharanpur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Saharanpur" title="District de Saharanpur">Saharanpur</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Muzaffarnagar" title="District de Muzaffarnagar">Muzaffarnagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Shamli" title="District de Shamli">Shamli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Moradabad" title="Division de Moradabad">Moradabad</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Moradabad" title="District de Moradabad">Moradabad</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Bijnor" title="District de Bijnor">Bijnor</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Amroha" title="District d'Amroha">Jyotiba Phule Nagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Rampur" title="District de Rampur">Rampur</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Sambhal" title="District de Sambhal">Sambhal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Bareli" title="Division de Bareli">Bareli</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Bareli" title="District de Bareli">Bareli</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Badaun" title="District de Badaun">Badaun</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Pilibhit" title="District de Pilibhit">Pilibhit</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Shahjahanpur" title="District de Shahjahanpur">Shahjahanpur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Lucknow" title="Division de Lucknow">Lucknow</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Lucknow" title="District de Lucknow">Lucknow</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Hardoi" title="District d'Hardoi">Hardoi</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Lakhimpur_Kheri" title="District de Lakhimpur Kheri">Lakhimpur Kheri</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Raebareli" title="District de Raebareli">Raebareli</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Sitapur" title="District de Sitapur">Sitapur</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Unnao" title="District d'Unnao">Unnao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Devipatan" title="Division de Devipatan">Devipatan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Gonda" title="District de Gonda">Gonda</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Bahraich" title="District de Bahraich">Bahraich</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Shravasti" title="District de Shravasti">Shravasti</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Balrampur" title="District de Balrampur">Balrampur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Basti" title="Division de Basti">Basti</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Basti" title="District de Basti">Basti</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Sidhartha_Nagar" title="District de Sidhartha Nagar">Sidhartha Nagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Sant_Kabir_Nagar" title="District de Sant Kabir Nagar">Sant Kabir Nagar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Gorakhpur" title="Division de Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Gorakhpur" title="District de Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Deoria" title="District de Deoria">Deoria</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Kushinagar" title="District de Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Maharajganj" title="District de Maharajganj">Maharajganj</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Meerut" title="Division de Meerut">Meerut</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Meerut" title="District de Meerut">Meerut</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Baghpat" title="District de Baghpat">Bagpat</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Bulandshahr" title="District de Bulandshahr">Bulandshahr</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Gautam_Buddha_Nagar" title="District de Gautam Buddha Nagar">Gautam Buddha Nagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Ghaziabad" title="District de Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Hapur" title="District de Hapur">Hapur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_d%27Aligarh" title="Division d'Aligarh">Aligarh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_d%27Aligarh" title="District d'Aligarh">Aligarh</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Etah" title="District d'Etah">Etah</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Hathras" title="District d'Hathras">Hathras</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Kanshiram_Nagar" title="District de Kanshiram Nagar">Kanshiram Nagar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_d%27%C3%82gr%C3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Division d'Âgrâ">Āgrā</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_d%27Agra" title="District d'Agra">Āgrā</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Firozabad" title="District de Firozabad">Firozabad</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Mainpuri" title="District de Mainpuri">Mainpuri</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Mathura" title="District de Mathura">Mathura</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Kanpur" title="Division de Kanpur">Kanpur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Kanpur_Dehat" title="District de Kanpur Dehat">Kanpur Dehat</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Kanpur_Nagar" title="District de Kanpur Nagar">Kanpur Nagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Auraiya" title="District d'Auraiya">Auraiya</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Etawah" title="District d'Etawah">Etawah</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Farrukhabad" title="District de Farrukhabad">Farrukhabad</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Kannauj" title="District de Kannauj">Kannauj</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Faizabad" title="Division de Faizabad">Faizabad</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Faizabad" class="mw-redirect" title="District de Faizabad">Faizabad</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Amethi" title="District d'Amethi">Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Nagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_d%27Ambedkar_Nagar" title="District d'Ambedkar Nagar">Ambedkar Nagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Barabanki" title="District de Barabanki">Barabanki</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Sultanpur" title="District de Sultanpur">Sultanpur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_d%27Azamgarh" title="Division d'Azamgarh">Azamgarh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_d%27Azamgarh" title="District d'Azamgarh">Azamgarh</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Ballia" title="District de Ballia">Ballia</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Mau" title="District de Mau">Mau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Jhansi" title="Division de Jhansi">Jhansi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Jhansi" title="District de Jhansi">Jhansi</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Jalaun" title="District de Jalaun">Jalaun</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Lalitpur_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="District de Lalitpur (Uttar Pradesh)">Lalitpur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Chitrakoot" title="Division de Chitrakoot">Chitrakoot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Chitrakoot" title="District de Chitrakoot">Chitrakoot</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Banda" title="District de Banda">Banda</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Hamirpur_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="District de Hamirpur (Uttar Pradesh)">Hamirpur</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Mahoba" title="District de Mahoba">Mahoba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Prayagraj" title="Division de Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Prayagraj" title="District de Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Kaushambi" title="District de Kaushambi">Kaushambi</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Fatehpur" title="District de Fatehpur">Fatehpur</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Pratapgarh_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="District de Pratapgarh (Uttar Pradesh)">Pratapgarh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Varanasi" title="Division de Varanasi">Vārānasī</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_V%C4%81r%C4%81nas%C4%AB" title="District de Vārānasī">Vārānasī</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Chandauli" title="District de Chandauli">Chandauli</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Ghazipur" title="District de Ghazipur">Ghazipur</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Jaunpur" title="District de Jaunpur">Jaunpur</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_de_Mirzapur" title="Division de Mirzapur">Mirzapur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_Mirzapur" title="District de Mirzapur">Mirzapur</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Sant_Ravidas_Nagar" title="District de Sant Ravidas Nagar">Sant Ravidas Nagar</a> - <a href="/wiki/District_de_Sonbhadra" title="District de Sonbhadra">Sonbhadra</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il existe un projet de découpage de l'Uttar Pradesh en 4 états distincts<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violences_politico-religieuses">Violences politico-religieuses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Violences politico-religieuses" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Violences politico-religieuses"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Dashashwamedha_ghat_on_the_Ganga,_Varanasi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dashashwamedha_ghat_on_the_Ganga%2C_Varanasi.jpg/220px-Dashashwamedha_ghat_on_the_Ganga%2C_Varanasi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dashashwamedha_ghat_on_the_Ganga%2C_Varanasi.jpg/330px-Dashashwamedha_ghat_on_the_Ganga%2C_Varanasi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dashashwamedha_ghat_on_the_Ganga%2C_Varanasi.jpg/440px-Dashashwamedha_ghat_on_the_Ganga%2C_Varanasi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ghat_(marches)" title="Ghat (marches)">Ghât</a> sur la rive du <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a> où ont eu lieu les explosions de 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>En décembre <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>, la destruction de la <a href="/wiki/Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Babri" title="Mosquée de Babri">mosquée de Bâbur</a> à <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a>, provoquée par les nationalistes hindous (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">RSS</a>), a causé d'importantes vagues de violences entre hindous et musulmans, faisant plus de 2 000 morts, en majorité musulmanes, dans de nombreuses grandes villes de l'Inde, notamment à <a href="/wiki/%C3%89meutes_de_Bombay" title="Émeutes de Bombay">Bombay</a> et à <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. S'ensuit la promulgation de l'état d'urgence en Uttar Pradesh et la destitution du gouvernement local (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-terror_attack_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terror_attack-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Depuis 2006, il y a eu de nombreuses attaques terroristes, dont des explosions dans un lieu historique sacré pour les Hindous, une cour et un temple. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-03-07" data-sort-value="2006-03-07">7 mars 2006</time>, des bombes explosent dans la ville sainte hindoue de <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> faisant 20 morts et 101 blessés<sup id="cite_ref-bomb09_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bomb09-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les bombes explosent simultanément juste après 18 heures. La première bombe explose dans le temple bondé <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankat_Mochan_Hanuman_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple (page inexistante)">Sankat Mochan Hanuman</a> à côté de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_hindoue_de_B%C3%A9nar%C3%A8s" title="Université hindoue de Bénarès">Université hindoue de Bénarès</a><sup id="cite_ref-bombing_1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bombing_1-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-bombing_2_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bombing_2-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. D'autres explosions ont lieu dans la <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Varanasi-Junction" title="Gare de Varanasi-Junction">gare de Bénarès</a>, à côté de la salle d’attente. Une autre explosion a eu lieu dans le train <i>Shivganga Express</i> à destination de <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a><sup id="cite_ref-redif_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redif-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le 23 novembre 2007, en l'espace de vingt-cinq minutes, six séries d'explosions ont lieu dans les palais de justice de <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a>, tuant 28 personnes et en blessant d'autres<sup id="cite_ref-RDX_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RDX-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces explosions ont lieu une semaine après que la police de l'Uttar Pradesh et les agences centrales de sécurité ont arrêté des terroristes du groupe <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a> qui avaient planifié l'enlèvement de <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a>. Les <a href="/wiki/Moudjahidin_indiens" title="Moudjahidin indiens">moudjahidin indiens</a> ont revendiqué la responsabilité de ces explosions dans un courriel envoyé aux chaines de télévision cinq minutes avant les explosions<sup id="cite_ref-blast_responsible_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blast_responsible-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2007_bombing_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2007_bombing-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La première explosion s'est produite à <span class="nowrap">13 <abbr class="abbr" title="heures">h</abbr> 5</span> - <span class="nowrap">13 <abbr class="abbr" title="heures">h</abbr> 7</span> dans les locaux du <a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">tribunal</a> de <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>. Deux explosions successives ont eu lieu autour de 13:12 et 13:15 dans au tribunal du district de <a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a>, suivies de près par celui de <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> à 13:32. Les bombes ciblaient les avocats qui travaillaient au tribunal<sup id="cite_ref-bombings_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bombings-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le 7 décembre 2010, une bombe explose au <a href="/wiki/Ghat_(marches)" title="Ghat (marches)">ghât</a> de Sheetla Ghat, proche du <a href="/wiki/Dashashwamedh_Ghat" title="Dashashwamedh Ghat">Dashashwamedh Ghat</a>, tuant 2 personnes et en blessant 37 autres<sup id="cite_ref-people_killed_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-people_killed-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'explosion a lieu le lendemain de l’anniversaire de la démolition de <a href="/wiki/Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Babri" title="Mosquée de Babri">Babri Masjid</a><sup id="cite_ref-terror_attack_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terror_attack-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>De nombreuses manifestations ont eu lieu en 2019 contre la politique discriminatoire à l'égard des musulmans pratiquée par le gouvernement, entrainant une violente répression policière dans des villages ou quartiers à majorité musulmane<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Fin novembre 2020, une ordonnance visant à limiter les conversions faites dans le cadre de mariages inter-religieux est entrée en vigueur dans l'Uttar Pradesh. Celle-ci impose aux futurs époux d'obtenir l'accord des autorités judiciaires pour pouvoir se marier s'ils sont de religions différentes. Cette ordonnance serait, dans les faits, principalement utilisée contre les hommes musulmans, régulièrement accusés par les nationalistes hindous de forcer leurs épouses à se convertir à l'islam<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les partis d’opposition accusent le <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> au pouvoir d’imposer un système de terreur. Les organisations de défense des droits de l’homme dénoncent régulièrement des exécutions extra-judiciaires par la police<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Démographie"><span id="D.C3.A9mographie"></span>Démographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Démographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Démographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’Uttar Pradesh, avec une population proche de <span class="nowrap">224 millions</span> de personnes (estimations de 2017<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>), est l’État le plus peuplé de l’Inde. Si l'Uttar Pradesh était un État indépendant, il serait le <abbr class="abbr" title="Cinquième">5<sup>e</sup></abbr> pays le plus peuplé du monde. Seuls la <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a> elle-même, les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie" title="Indonésie">Indonésie</a> ont une population plus importante que l'Uttar Pradesh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Évolution_démographique"><span id=".C3.89volution_d.C3.A9mographique"></span>Évolution démographique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Évolution démographique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Évolution démographique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" scope="col" width="60%">Évolution de la population </th></tr> <tr> <th>Année</th> <th>Population</th> <th><abbr title="Croissance démographique">%±</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td>60 274 000</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td>70 144 000</td> <td>+ 16,4 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td>83 849 000</td> <td>+ 19,5 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>105 137 000</td> <td>+ 25,4 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td>132 062 000</td> <td>+ 25,6 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td>166 198 000</td> <td>+ 25,8 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>199 581 477</td> <td>+ 20,1 % </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center"><small>Source<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-ci_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ci-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>:</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Comme peut être déduit de ce tableau, le taux d'accroissement naturel est, depuis 1981, d'environ 2,3 %. Le <a href="/wiki/Taux_de_f%C3%A9condit%C3%A9" title="Taux de fécondité">taux de fécondité</a> en 2010 est de 3,5 enfants par femme <sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>66<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 2011, la population est composée de 104 596 415 hommes et de 94 985 062 femmes<sup id="cite_ref-2011_upgov.nic.in_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_upgov.nic.in-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_par_religion">Population par religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Population par religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Population par religion"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Uttar_Pradesh_religion_2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Uttar_Pradesh_religion_2011.png/220px-Uttar_Pradesh_religion_2011.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Uttar_Pradesh_religion_2011.png/330px-Uttar_Pradesh_religion_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Uttar_Pradesh_religion_2011.png/440px-Uttar_Pradesh_religion_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="8182" data-file-height="8510" /></a><figcaption>UTTAR PRADESH : proportion de musulmans par sous-district lors du recensement de 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>D'après le recensement de 2001, 80 % de la population est <a href="/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme">hindoue</a> alors que les <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulmans</a> représentent 18 % des habitants de l'Uttar Pradesh. Le reste est composé de <a href="/wiki/Sikh" title="Sikh">sikhs</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Bouddhisme" title="Bouddhisme">bouddhistes</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Chrétien">chrétiens</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%AFnisme" title="Jaïnisme">jaïns</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>67<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De nombreux sous-districts sont très majoritairement Musulmans, surtout dans le Nord-Ouest de l'état. La proportion de Musulmans reste importante dans le reste du Nord de l'état. Dans le sud de l'état, la proportion de Musulmans est beaucoup moins importante, et les Hindouistes dépassent souvent plus de 90 % de la population dans de nombreux Sous-districts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principales_villes_de_l'Uttar_Pradesh"><span id="Principales_villes_de_l.27Uttar_Pradesh"></span>Principales villes de l'Uttar Pradesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Principales villes de l'Uttar Pradesh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Principales villes de l'Uttar Pradesh"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Kanpurstation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kanpurstation.jpg/200px-Kanpurstation.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kanpurstation.jpg/300px-Kanpurstation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Kanpurstation.jpg/400px-Kanpurstation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Gare centrale de <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Adnanwiki.badaimambada1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Adnanwiki.badaimambada1.JPG/200px-Adnanwiki.badaimambada1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Adnanwiki.badaimambada1.JPG/300px-Adnanwiki.badaimambada1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Adnanwiki.badaimambada1.JPG/400px-Adnanwiki.badaimambada1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> Porte d'entrée de Bara Imambara à <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ville </th> <th>population<br /> (estimation 2010) </th> <th>population<br /> (estimation 2013) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a> </td> <td>3 221 435</td> <td>3 293 016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> </td> <td>2 750 447</td> <td>2 937 833 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Āgrā</a> </td> <td>1 686 976</td> <td>1 817 535 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a> </td> <td>1 505 958</td> <td>1 784 166 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a> </td> <td>1 404 723</td> <td>1 493 354 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Vârânasî</a> </td> <td>1 211 891</td> <td>1 228 768 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> </td> <td>1 142 722</td> <td>1 180 002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a> </td> <td>869 941</td> <td>933 119 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moradabad" title="Moradabad">Moradabad</a> </td> <td>828 506</td> <td>887 774 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bareli" title="Bareli">Bareli</a> </td> <td>837 564</td> <td>864 054 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a> </td> <td>730 486</td> <td>753 576 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a> </td> <td>504 842</td> <td>651 141 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saharanpur" title="Saharanpur">Saharanpur</a> </td> <td>528 572</td> <td>543 641 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jhansi" title="Jhansi">Jhansi</a> </td> <td>449 368</td> <td>462 650 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarnagar" title="Muzaffarnagar">Muzaffarnagar</a> </td> <td>393 654</td> <td>413 729 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a> </td> <td>380 733</td> <td>403 375 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Loni_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="Loni (Uttar Pradesh)">Loni</a> </td> <td>249 266</td> <td>364 465 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etawah" title="Etawah">Etawah</a> </td> <td>321 203</td> <td>360 821 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Firozabad" title="Firozabad">Firozabad</a> </td> <td>342 456</td> <td>359 514 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahjahanpur" title="Shahjahanpur">Shahjahanpur</a> </td> <td>344 772</td> <td>354 518 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mau" title="Mau">Mau</a> </td> <td>303 815</td> <td>334 985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rampur_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="Rampur (Uttar Pradesh)">Rampur</a> </td> <td>312 166</td> <td>316 238 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hapur" title="Hapur">Hapur</a> </td> <td>286 039</td> <td>313 572 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Behta_Hajipur" title="Behta Hajipur">Behta Hajipur</a> </td> <td></td> <td>303 051 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farrukhabad" title="Farrukhabad">Farrukhabad</a> </td> <td>256 822</td> <td>261 404 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulandshahr" title="Bulandshahr">Bulandshahr</a> </td> <td>229 352</td> <td>245 305 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mirzapur" title="Mirzapur">Mirzapur</a> </td> <td>237 168</td> <td>243 463 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rae_Bareli" title="Rae Bareli">Rae Bareli</a> </td> <td>208 763</td> <td>219 062 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sambhal" title="Sambhal">Sambhal</a> </td> <td>210 941</td> <td>217 244 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Économie"><span id=".C3.89conomie"></span>Économie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Économie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Économie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Développement_économique"><span id="D.C3.A9veloppement_.C3.A9conomique"></span>Développement économique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Développement économique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Développement économique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_net" title="Produit intérieur net">produit intérieur net</a> de l'Uttar Pradesh en fait le troisième État de l'Inde (2011–2012), avec un PIN de 7 080,0 milliards de <a href="/wiki/Roupie_indienne" title="Roupie indienne">roupies indiennes</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>n 3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Financial_Year_2011_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financial_Year_2011-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Government_Of_India_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_Commission_Government_Of_India-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>69<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'évolution du produit intérieur net de l'Uttar Pradesh est la suivante<sup id="cite_ref-rbi_pnn_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi_pnn-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col" width="60%">PNN de l'Uttar Pradesh </th></tr> <tr> <th>Année</th> <th>PIN (en milliards de <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Roupie_indienne" title="Roupie indienne"><img alt="INR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/7px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/11px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/14px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="753" /></a></span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>2004–2005</td> <td>2 290,74 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005–2006</td> <td>2 566,99 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006–2007</td> <td>2 940,31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007–2008</td> <td>3 323,52 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2009</td> <td>3 847,18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009–2010</td> <td>4 530,20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010–2011</td> <td>5 253,88 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–2012</td> <td>5 966,61 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>Source<sup id="cite_ref-rbi_pnn_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi_pnn-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>:</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Agriculture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Agriculture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'agriculture est l'activité principale de l'Uttar Pradesh<sup id="cite_ref-resources_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resources-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9" title="Blé">blé</a> est la principale culture vivrière de l'État et la <a href="/wiki/Canne_%C3%A0_sucre" title="Canne à sucre">canne à sucre</a> est la principale culture commerciale<sup id="cite_ref-Policy_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Policy-75"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'Uttar Pradesh fournit 70 % du sucre de l'Inde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industries">Industries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifier la section : Industries" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Industries"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les industries de l'Uttar Pradesh sont situées dans la région de <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>, les terres fertiles de la région du <a href="/wiki/Purvanchal" title="Purvanchal">Purvanchal</a> et la région de <a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a>. La ville de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughalsarai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mughalsarai (page inexistante)">Mughalsarai</a> a les plus importantes usines de <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotives</a>. Les principaux produits manufacturés sont les produits électroniques, les équipements électriques, les câbles, l'acier, le cuir, les textiles, la joaillerie, les <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9gate_(navire)" title="Frégate (navire)">frégates</a>, les automobiles, les wagons ferroviaires. L'État a plus de <a href="/wiki/Petite_ou_moyenne_entreprise" title="Petite ou moyenne entreprise">petites et moyennes entreprises</a> que les autres États, soit 12 % des 2,3 millions d’entreprises<sup id="cite_ref-resources_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resources-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En octobre 2009, le <a href="/wiki/Secteur_tertiaire" title="Secteur tertiaire">secteur tertiaire</a> est le plus gros contributeur au <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">produit intérieur brut</a> (PIB) de l'État, avec 44,8 % du PIB comparé aux 44 % du secteur primaire (agriculture, sylviculture et tourisme) et 11,2 % pour le secteur secondaire (industries)<sup id="cite_ref-Investment_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Investment-76"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>73<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Service_sector_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Service_sector-77"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>74<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Durant le <abbr class="abbr" title="Onzième">11<sup>e</sup></abbr> plan quinquennal (2007–2012), le taux de croissance moyen du PIB est de 7,28 %, donc inférieur aux 15,5 % qui caractérisent la moyenne pour l'ensemble des États de l'Inde<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>75<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-State_Finances_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Finances-79"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>76<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le PIB par tête de 29 417 <abbr class="abbr" title=""><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Roupie_indienne" title="Roupie indienne"><img alt="INR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/7px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/11px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/14px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></abbr>, est plus faible que le PIB national par tête de 60 972 <abbr class="abbr" title=""><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Roupie_indienne" title="Roupie indienne"><img alt="INR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/7px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/11px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/14px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Ministry_of_statistics_and_Program_Implementation_Govt._Of_India_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ministry_of_statistics_and_Program_Implementation_Govt._Of_India-80"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>77<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La dette financière globale de l'U.P. de 200 009 <abbr class="abbr" title=""><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Roupie_indienne" title="Roupie indienne"><img alt="INR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/7px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/11px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg/14px-Indian_Rupee_symbol_link_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></abbr> est identique à celle de 2011<sup id="cite_ref-debt_burden_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debt_burden-81"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>78<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La productivité est avec un index de 26 supérieure à la moyenne nationale de 25. L'économie bénéficie de l'industrie touristique<sup id="cite_ref-Small_Scale_Industries_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Small_Scale_Industries-82"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>79<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'État attire les <a href="/wiki/Investissement_direct_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9tranger" title="Investissement direct à l'étranger">investissements étrangers</a> principalement dans les domaines du logiciel et de l'électronique. Noida et Lucknow deviennent des centres importants pour l'industrie informatique. Le <a href="/wiki/District_de_Sonbhadra" title="District de Sonbhadra">district de Sonbhadra</a> a de grandes industries. Sa partie méridionale est connue comme étant la « capitale énergétique de l'Inde » pour sa production de charbon<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction-83"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>80<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Droit_du_travail">Droit du travail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifier la section : Droit du travail" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Droit du travail"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le gouvernement nationaliste de <a href="/wiki/Adityanath" title="Adityanath">Adityanath</a> (BJP) fait exempter en mai 2020, dans un contexte de <a href="/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mie_de_Covid-19_en_Inde" title="Pandémie de Covid-19 en Inde">pandémie de Covid-19</a>, « toutes les entreprises, usines et fonds de commerce de l’application du droit du travail » pour trois ans, invoquant le besoin de relancer l’économie. Les lois relatives au paiement des primes et au versement des prévoyances deviennent caduques. Il en va de même pour les lois relatives aux syndicats et au règlement des conflits dans l’entreprise, les contrats de travail, la santé et la sécurité. L’universitaire Pratap Bhanu Mehta fait remarquer que « l’urgence de la pandémie est utilisée pour user de pouvoirs arbitraires à un moment où il est impossible de manifester »<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>81<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces mesures sont vivement contestées par la gauche et les syndicats de travailleurs. « Détruire la main-d’œuvre revient à détruire la croissance économique. L’agenda diabolique du BJP doit être combattu et vaincu pour sauver l’Inde », s’est indigné le secrétaire général du <a href="/wiki/Parti_communiste_d%27Inde_(marxiste)" title="Parti communiste d'Inde (marxiste)">Parti communiste d’Inde-marxiste</a> (CPI-M), Sitaram Yechury. La Centrale des syndicats indiens (Citu) a dénoncé « des mesures barbares qui visent à imposer des conditions esclavagistes aux travailleurs qui créent réellement la richesse du pays brutalement pillée par les capitalistes et les grandes entreprises »<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>82<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transports">Transports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifier la section : Transports" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transports"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_aérien"><span id="Transport_a.C3.A9rien"></span>Transport aérien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifier la section : Transport aérien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport aérien"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Aviation_civile" title="Aviation civile">aviation civile</a> de l'Uttar Pradesh dispose de six aéroports situés à <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> et <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a> et <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>. Parmi ceux-ci, les aéroports <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_d%27Amausi" title="Aéroport d'Amausi">de Lucknow</a> et de <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_de_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Aéroport de Lal Bahadur Shastri">Varanasi</a> sont des aéroports internationaux<sup id="cite_ref-Airports_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airports-86"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>83<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_fluvial">Transport fluvial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifier la section : Transport fluvial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport fluvial"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le tronçon du Gange allant de <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> à <a href="/wiki/Haldia" title="Haldia">Haldia</a> a été déclaré <a href="/wiki/Voies_navigables_int%C3%A9rieures_de_l%27Inde" title="Voies navigables intérieures de l'Inde">voie navigable</a> (NW)-I. Sa partie située dans l'Uttar Pradesh mesure 600 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de longueur<sup id="cite_ref-Waterways_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waterways-87"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>84<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_ferroviaire">Transport ferroviaire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifier la section : Transport ferroviaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=23" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport ferroviaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'Uttar Pradesh a le réseau ferroviaire le plus long du pays. En 2011, ce réseau de l'état mesure 8 546 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-route_length_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-route_length-88"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Allahabad est le siège de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Central_Railway_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Central Railway Zone (page inexistante)">North Central Railway Zone</a><sup id="cite_ref-North_Central_Railway_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-North_Central_Railway-89"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>86<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et <a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a> est le siège de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Eastern_Railway_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Eastern Railway Zone (page inexistante)">North Eastern Railway Zone</a><sup id="cite_ref-North-Eastern_Railways_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-North-Eastern_Railways-90"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>87<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-security_system_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-security_system-91"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>88<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le train <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucknow_Swarna_Shatabdi_Express&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucknow Swarna Shatabdi Express (page inexistante)">Lucknow Swarna Shatabdi Express</a> relie <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> à <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a><sup id="cite_ref-train_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-train-92"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>89<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les gares de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucknow_NR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucknow NR (page inexistante)">Lucknow NR</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanpur_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanpur Central (page inexistante)">Kanpur Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Varanasi-Junction" title="Gare de Varanasi-Junction">Varanasi Cantt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agra_Cantt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agra Cantt (page inexistante)">Agra Cantt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorakhpur_Jn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorakhpur Jn (page inexistante)">Gorakhpur Jn</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathura_JN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathura JN (page inexistante)">Mathura JN</a> sont dans la liste, établie par les Chemins de fer indiens, des 50 <a href="/wiki/Gare_ferroviaire" title="Gare ferroviaire">gares ferroviaires</a> devant être de classe mondiale<sup id="cite_ref-Railway_Budget_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Railway_Budget-93"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>90<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_routier">Transport routier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifier la section : Transport routier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=24" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport routier"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'Uttar Pradesh dispose du plus long réseau routier du pays<sup id="cite_ref-ROAD_NETWORK_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROAD_NETWORK-94"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>91<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'état est bien connecté à ses états voisins et à presque toutes les autres parties de l'Inde par le <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_routes_nationales_en_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Liste des routes nationales en Uttar Pradesh">réseau des routes nationales</a> (NH) dont 4 635 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> sur son territoire. Il entretient aussi 83 <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_routes_d%27%C3%89tat_de_l%27Uttar_Pradesh" title="Liste des routes d'État de l'Uttar Pradesh">routes de l'état</a> d'une longueur totale de 8 432 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation">Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation</a> est établie en 1972 pour fournir des transports économiques, fiable et confortable dans l'état et avec des services d'interconnexion avec les états voisins<sup id="cite_ref-ROAD_NETWORK_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROAD_NETWORK-94"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>91<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Toutes les villes sont reliées au <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_routes_nationales_en_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Liste des routes nationales en Uttar Pradesh">réseau des routes nationales</a>. D'autres routes locales permettent aux districts et aux villages d'accéder au réseau et de transporter les produits agricoles jusqu'aux marchés voisins. Les routes des districts assurent aussi l'interconnexion entre les routes locales et les <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_routes_nationales_en_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Liste des routes nationales en Uttar Pradesh">routes nationales</a><sup id="cite_ref-ROAD_NETWORK_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROAD_NETWORK-94"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>91<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'Uttar Pradesh est le <abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">7<sup>e</sup></abbr> État d'Inde pour sa densité routière (1 027 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> pour 1 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> en 2002) et le plus long réseau bitumé du pays (50 721 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> en 2002)<sup id="cite_ref-road_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-road-95"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_Quadrilateral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden Quadrilateral (page inexistante)">Golden Quadrilateral</a> nationale d'Inde traverse <a href="/wiki/Jhansi" title="Jhansi">Jhansi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Āgrā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> et <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Golden_Quadrilateral_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golden_Quadrilateral-96"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>93<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une route express relie <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> à <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a> et deux nouvelles liaisons express sont en cours de réalisation, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamuna_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamuna Expressway (page inexistante)">Yamuna Expressway</a> entre Āgrā et <a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a> et la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganga Expressway (page inexistante)">Ganga Expressway</a> entre Noida et <a href="/wiki/Ballia" title="Ballia">Ballia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Expressway_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Expressway-97"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>94<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'état projette de développer sept nouvelles routes express<sup id="cite_ref-upeida_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upeida-98"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>95<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces projets comprennent la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Ganga_Canal_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Ganga Canal Expressway (page inexistante)">Upper Ganga Canal Expressway</a>, la liaison express <a href="/wiki/Bijnor" title="Bijnor">Bijnor</a>–<a href="/wiki/Moradabad" title="Moradabad">Moradabad</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fatehgarh" title="Fatehgarh">Fatehgarh</a>, la liaison express <a href="/wiki/Jhansi" title="Jhansi">Jhansi</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>–<a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a>, la liaison express <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>–<a href="/wiki/Barabanki" title="Barabanki">Barabanki</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nanpara" title="Nanpara">Nanpara</a>, la liaison express Āgrā–Kanpur<sup id="cite_ref-expressway_projects_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expressway_projects-99"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>96<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lucknow-Barabanki_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucknow-Barabanki-100"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>97<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lucknow_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La gare ferroviaire Charbagh à Lucknow."><img alt="La gare ferroviaire Charbagh à Lucknow." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lucknow_station.jpg/120px-Lucknow_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lucknow_station.jpg/180px-Lucknow_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lucknow_station.jpg/240px-Lucknow_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> La gare ferroviaire Charbagh à <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:The_facade_of_Varanasi_Airport,_Varanasi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'aéroport de Varanasi."><img alt="L'aéroport de Varanasi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_facade_of_Varanasi_Airport%2C_Varanasi.jpg/120px-The_facade_of_Varanasi_Airport%2C_Varanasi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_facade_of_Varanasi_Airport%2C_Varanasi.jpg/180px-The_facade_of_Varanasi_Airport%2C_Varanasi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_facade_of_Varanasi_Airport%2C_Varanasi.jpg/240px-The_facade_of_Varanasi_Airport%2C_Varanasi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'aéroport de <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Indian-train-station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un quai de gare."><img alt="Un quai de gare." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Indian-train-station.jpg/120px-Indian-train-station.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Indian-train-station.jpg/180px-Indian-train-station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Indian-train-station.jpg/240px-Indian-train-station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2014" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Un quai de gare.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Varanasi_Trikes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Une rue de Varanasi."><img alt="Une rue de Varanasi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Varanasi_Trikes.jpg/120px-Varanasi_Trikes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Varanasi_Trikes.jpg/180px-Varanasi_Trikes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Varanasi_Trikes.jpg/240px-Varanasi_Trikes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Une rue de <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Back_of_an_Indian_truck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Face arrière d'un camion indien."><img alt="Face arrière d'un camion indien." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Back_of_an_Indian_truck.jpg/120px-Back_of_an_Indian_truck.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Back_of_an_Indian_truck.jpg/180px-Back_of_an_Indian_truck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Back_of_an_Indian_truck.jpg/240px-Back_of_an_Indian_truck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Face arrière d'un camion indien.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Public_transport_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transports publics."><img alt="Transports publics." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Public_transport_in_India.jpg/120px-Public_transport_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Public_transport_in_India.jpg/180px-Public_transport_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Public_transport_in_India.jpg/240px-Public_transport_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Transports publics.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Éducation"><span id=".C3.89ducation"></span>Éducation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifier la section : Éducation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=25" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Éducation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Situation_des_femmes">Situation des femmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifier la section : Situation des femmes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=26" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Situation des femmes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Condition_des_femmes_en_Inde#Société,_éducation_et_développement_économique" title="Condition des femmes en Inde">Condition des femmes en Inde#Société, éducation et développement économique</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enseignement_supérieur"><span id="Enseignement_sup.C3.A9rieur"></span>Enseignement supérieur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifier la section : Enseignement supérieur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=27" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Enseignement supérieur"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tablissements_d%E2%80%99enseignement_sup%C3%A9rieur_de_l%27Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Établissements d’enseignement supérieur de l'Uttar Pradesh">Établissements d’enseignement supérieur de l'Uttar Pradesh</a>.</div></div> <p>L'Uttar Pradesh a plus de 30 universités<sup id="cite_ref-universities_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-universities-101"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>98<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, dont 4 <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_centrale_indienne" title="Université centrale indienne">universités centrales</a>, 20 <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_universit%C3%A9s_d%27%C3%89tat_en_Inde" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des universités d'État en Inde">universités d'État</a>, 8 <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tablissement_indien_reconnu_comme_universit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Établissement indien reconnu comme université">établissements reconnus comme université</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Institut_indien_de_technologie" title="Institut indien de technologie">instituts indiens de technologie</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Institut_indien_de_management_de_Lucknow" title="Institut indien de management de Lucknow">Institut indien de management à Lucknow</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Instituts_nationaux_de_technologie_de_l%27Inde" title="Instituts nationaux de technologie de l'Inde">NIT</a> à <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> et plusieurs polytechniques, collèges d'ingénierie et <a href="/wiki/Instituts_de_formation_industrielle" title="Instituts de formation industrielle">Instituts de formation industrielle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Universities_UP_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Universities_UP-102"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>99<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Des instituts prestigieux comme l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_de_m%C3%A9decine_Sanjay_Gandhi" title="Institut supérieur de médecine Sanjay Gandhi">Institut supérieur de médecine Sanjay Gandhi</a>, ou l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_indien_de_technologie_de_Kanpur" title="Institut indien de technologie de Kanpur">Institut indien de technologie de Kanpur</a><sup id="cite_ref-IIT_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIT-103"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>100<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_indien_de_technologie_de_Varanasi" title="Institut indien de technologie de Varanasi">institut de technologie de Bénarès</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_indien_de_management_de_Lucknow" title="Institut indien de management de Lucknow">Institut indien de management de Lucknow</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_indien_d%27informatique_d%27Allahabad" title="Institut indien d'informatique d'Allahabad">Institut indien d'informatique d'Allahabad</a>, et le <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_technologie_Motilal_Nehru" title="Institut national de technologie Motilal Nehru">Institut national de technologie Motilal Nehru</a> sont connus mondialement pour la qualité de leur éducation et de leur recherche dans leurs domaines respectifs<sup id="cite_ref-IIM_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIM-104"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>101<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La présence de ces institutions offre, aux étudiants de l'Uttar Pradesh, un large choix de filières d’enseignement supérieur<sup id="cite_ref-IIM_students_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIM_students-105"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>102<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Agri-biz_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agri-biz-106"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>103<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Parmi les autres universités de l'état, notons la <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Gautam_Buddha" title="Université Gautam Buddha">Gautam Buddha University</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_hindoue_de_B%C3%A9nar%C3%A8s" title="Université hindoue de Bénarès">université hindoue de Bénarès</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Sampurnanand_de_Sanskrit" title="Université Sampurnanand de Sanskrit">université Sampurnanand de Sanskrit</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_musulmane_d%27Aligarh" title="Université musulmane d'Aligarh">Aligarh Muslim University</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Allahabad" title="Université d'Allahabad">université d'Allahabad</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_indien_de_recherche_v%C3%A9t%C3%A9rinaire" title="Institut indien de recherche vétérinaire">Institut indien de recherche vétérinaire</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bareli" title="Bareli">Bareli</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_des_techniques_du_management_de_Ghaziabad" title="Institut des techniques du management de Ghaziabad">IMT Ghaziabad</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_technique_Gautam_Buddha" title="Université technique Gautam Buddha">Gautam Buddha Technical University</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Mahatma_Jyotiba_Phule_Rohilkhand" title="Université Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand">M.J.P. Rohilkhand University</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Narendra_Dev_d%27agriculture_et_de_technologie" title="Université Narendra Dev d'agriculture et de technologie">université Narendra Dev d'agriculture et de technologie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Babasaheb_Bhimrao_Ambedkar" title="Université Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar">Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University</a>, et la <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_m%C3%A9dicale_Chhatrapati_Shahuji_Maharaj" title="Université médicale Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj">King George's Medical University</a><sup id="cite_ref-Universities_UP_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Universities_UP-102"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>99<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_int%C3%A9grale_de_Lucknow" title="Université intégrale de Lucknow">université intégrale de Lucknow</a>, a été fondée par le <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_de_l%27Uttar_Pradesh" title="Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh">gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh</a> pour offrir la formation dans différentes disciplines techniques, <a href="/wiki/Science_appliqu%C3%A9e" title="Science appliquée">sciences appliquées</a> et autres<sup id="cite_ref-institution_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-institution-107"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>104<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_centrale_des_%C3%A9tudes_tib%C3%A9taines" title="Université centrale des études tibétaines">université centrale des études tibétaines</a> a été fondée comme organisation autonome par le <a href="/wiki/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture_(Inde)" title="Ministère de la Culture (Inde)">ministère de la culture de l'Inde</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya_pour_les_handicap%C3%A9s" title="Université Jagadguru Rambhadracharya pour les handicapés">Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University</a> est la seule université dans le monde créée exclusivement pour les personnes handicapées<sup id="cite_ref-jansatta_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jansatta-108"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>105<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Electrical_Engg_Deptt_IT-BHU.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="L'IIT de Varanasi."><img alt="L'IIT de Varanasi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Electrical_Engg_Deptt_IT-BHU.JPG/120px-Electrical_Engg_Deptt_IT-BHU.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Electrical_Engg_Deptt_IT-BHU.JPG/180px-Electrical_Engg_Deptt_IT-BHU.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Electrical_Engg_Deptt_IT-BHU.JPG/240px-Electrical_Engg_Deptt_IT-BHU.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1523" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'<a href="/wiki/Instituts_indiens_de_technologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituts indiens de technologie">IIT</a> de <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:LaMart.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collège La Martinière de Lucknow."><img alt="Collège La Martinière de Lucknow." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/LaMart.jpg/120px-LaMart.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/LaMart.jpg/180px-LaMart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/LaMart.jpg/240px-LaMart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Collège <i>La Martinière</i> de <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bishop_Johnson_School_%26_College,_Allahabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=": École et collège du Bishop Johnson, Prayagraj."><img alt=": École et collège du Bishop Johnson, Prayagraj." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bishop_Johnson_School_%26_College%2C_Allahabad.jpg/120px-Bishop_Johnson_School_%26_College%2C_Allahabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bishop_Johnson_School_%26_College%2C_Allahabad.jpg/180px-Bishop_Johnson_School_%26_College%2C_Allahabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bishop_Johnson_School_%26_College%2C_Allahabad.jpg/240px-Bishop_Johnson_School_%26_College%2C_Allahabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">: École et collège du Bishop Johnson, <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sarada_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="École Sarada."><img alt="École Sarada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sarada_School.jpg/120px-Sarada_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sarada_School.jpg/180px-Sarada_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sarada_School.jpg/240px-Sarada_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> École Sarada.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Farewell_2003Batch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cérémonie de fin d'études à Apeejay Noida, 2003."><img alt="Cérémonie de fin d'études à Apeejay Noida, 2003." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Farewell_2003Batch.jpg/120px-Farewell_2003Batch.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Farewell_2003Batch.jpg/180px-Farewell_2003Batch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Farewell_2003Batch.jpg/240px-Farewell_2003Batch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Cérémonie de fin d'études à Apeejay Noida, 2003.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:26_january_Celebration_at_Aditya_NSS_high_school_TURATPUR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fête à l'école Aditya NSS de Turatpur."><img alt="Fête à l'école Aditya NSS de Turatpur." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/26_january_Celebration_at_Aditya_NSS_high_school_TURATPUR.jpg/120px-26_january_Celebration_at_Aditya_NSS_high_school_TURATPUR.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/26_january_Celebration_at_Aditya_NSS_high_school_TURATPUR.jpg/180px-26_january_Celebration_at_Aditya_NSS_high_school_TURATPUR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/26_january_Celebration_at_Aditya_NSS_high_school_TURATPUR.jpg/240px-26_january_Celebration_at_Aditya_NSS_high_school_TURATPUR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Fête à l'école Aditya NSS de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turatpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turatpur (page inexistante)">Turatpur</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Mainbuildingnew.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bâtiment principal de l'Institut national de technologie Motilal Nehru à Prayagraj."><img alt="Bâtiment principal de l'Institut national de technologie Motilal Nehru à Prayagraj." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mainbuildingnew.jpg/120px-Mainbuildingnew.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mainbuildingnew.jpg/180px-Mainbuildingnew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mainbuildingnew.jpg/240px-Mainbuildingnew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Bâtiment principal de l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_technologie_Motilal_Nehru" title="Institut national de technologie Motilal Nehru">Institut national de technologie Motilal Nehru</a> à <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Allahabad_university.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'université d'Allahabad."><img alt="L'université d'Allahabad." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Allahabad_university.jpg/90px-Allahabad_university.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Allahabad_university.jpg/135px-Allahabad_university.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Allahabad_university.jpg/180px-Allahabad_university.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Allahabad" title="Université d'Allahabad">université d'Allahabad</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifier la section : Culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=28" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Culture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Langue_et_littérature"><span id="Langue_et_litt.C3.A9rature"></span>Langue et littérature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifier la section : Langue et littérature" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=29" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Langue et littérature"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Kurukshetra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/220px-Kurukshetra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/330px-Kurukshetra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/440px-Kurukshetra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption> Manuscrit évoquant la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Kurukshetra" title="Bataille de Kurukshetra">bataille de Kurukshetra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Plusieurs textes et hymnes de la littérature védique ont été composés en Uttar Pradesh<sup id="cite_ref-vedic_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vedic-109"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>106<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces textes constituent la couche la plus ancienne de la <a href="/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature_sanskrite" title="Littérature sanskrite">littérature sanskrite</a> et les textes les plus anciens de l'hindouisme. C'est en Uttar Pradesh que <a href="/wiki/Vyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a> écrit le <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, le récit épique de la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Kurukshetra" title="Bataille de Kurukshetra">bataille de Kurukshetra</a> et le destin des princes <a href="/wiki/Kaurava" title="Kaurava">Kauravas</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pandavas</a><sup id="cite_ref-epic_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epic-110"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>107<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le festival du <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Purnima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guru Purnima (page inexistante)">Guru Purnima</a></i>, lui est dédié, et il est aussi appelé le <i>Vyasa Purnima</i> car c'est le jour présumé de sa naissance et le jour où il divisa les <a href="/wiki/Veda" title="Veda">Vedas</a> <sup id="cite_ref-Awakening_Indians_to_India_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awakening_Indians_to_India-111"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>108<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'État a une longue tradition littéraire et populaire de la langue hindi. Aux <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècles, la littérature hindie est modernisée par des auteurs comme Jaishankar Prasad, Maithili Sharan Gupt, Munshi Premchand, Suryakant Tripathi Nirala, Babu Gulabrai, Sachchidananda Vatsyayan, Rahul Sankrityayan, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Dharamvir Bharati, <a href="/wiki/Subhadra_Kumari_Chauhan" title="Subhadra Kumari Chauhan">Subhadra Kumari Chauhan</a>, Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, Dushyant Kumar, Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Acharya Kuber Nath Rai, Bharatendu Harishchandra, Kamleshwar Prasad Saxena, Shivmangal Singh Suman, Mahadevi Varma, et Vibhuti Narain Rai<sup id="cite_ref-authors_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-authors-112"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>109<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'Uttar Pradesh est souvent appelé le « cœur hindi de l'Inde »<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>110<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a> est devenu la langue officielle de l'administration de l'État par le <i>Uttar Pradesh Official Language Act</i> de 1951. En 1989, un amendement de cet acte ajoutera l'<a href="/wiki/Ourdou" title="Ourdou">ourdou</a> comme autre langue native de l'État<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>111<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Linguistiquement, l'État s'étend sur plusieurs zones des <a href="/wiki/Langues_indo-aryennes" title="Langues indo-aryennes">langues indo-aryennes</a>, les langues natives majoritaires sont l'<a href="/wiki/Awadhi" title="Awadhi">awadhi</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Bundeli" title="Bundeli">bundeli</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Braj_bhasha" title="Braj bhasha">braj bhasha</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Kannauji" title="Kannauji">kannauji</a> et une forme <a href="/wiki/Langue_vernaculaire" title="Langue vernaculaire">vernaculaire</a> du <a href="/wiki/Khariboli" title="Khariboli">khariboli</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>112<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modifier la section : Festivals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=30" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Festivals"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Divali" title="Divali">Diwali</a><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>n 4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et <a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a> sont des festivals populaires de l'Uttar Pradesh. <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a>, organisé durant le mois de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maagha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maagha (page inexistante)">Maagha</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>n 5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, est un festival trisannuel qui a lieu alternativement <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nasik</a> au bord du <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mela_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mela-118"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>113<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lath_mar_Holi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lath mar Holi (page inexistante)">Lath mar Holi</a> est la célébration locale de la fête hindoue de <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holî</a>. Le festival a lieu avant Holî dans la ville de <a href="/wiki/Barsana" title="Barsana">Barsana</a> voisine de <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taj_Mahotsav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taj Mahotsav (page inexistante)">Taj Mahotsav</a>, qui a lieu chaque année à <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Āgrā</a>, est une manifestation très colorée de la culture de la région de <a href="/wiki/Braj" class="mw-redirect" title="Braj">Braj</a><sup id="cite_ref-Braj_Holi_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braj_Holi-119"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>114<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Anniversaire_de_Bouddha" title="Anniversaire de Bouddha">Buddha Purnima</a>, qui célèbre la naissance du <a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Bouddha Gautama</a>, est un festival <a href="/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme">hindou</a> et <a href="/wiki/Bouddhisme" title="Bouddhisme">bouddhiste</a> majeur. Parmi les autres festivals notons <a href="/wiki/Dussehra" title="Dussehra">Vijayadashami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayudha_Puja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayudha Puja (page inexistante)">Ayudha Puja</a>, Ganga Mahotsava, <a href="/wiki/Janmashtami" title="Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a>, la foire chrétienne de <a href="/wiki/Sardhana" title="Sardhana">Sardhana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahashivatri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahashivatri">Maha Shivaratri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahavir_Jayanti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahavir Jayanti (page inexistante)">Mahavir Jayanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mouharram" title="Mouharram">Mouharram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Bārah Wafāṭ</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFd_el-Fitr" title="Aïd el-Fitr">Aïd el-Fitr</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFd_al-Adha" title="Aïd al-Adha">Bakreed</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chhath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhath (page inexistante)">Chhath puja</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucknow_Mahotsav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucknow Mahotsav (page inexistante)">Lucknow Mahotsav</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanuman_Jayanti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanuman Jayanti (page inexistante)">Hanuman Jayanti</a><sup id="cite_ref-traditions_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-traditions-120"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>115<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Saraswati_festival_Varanasi-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Le festival Sarasvatī, les participants y viennent révérer la Devî de la connaissance, de la musique, des arts, et de la science."><img alt="Le festival Sarasvatī, les participants y viennent révérer la Devî de la connaissance, de la musique, des arts, et de la science." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saraswati_festival_Varanasi-2.JPG/120px-Saraswati_festival_Varanasi-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saraswati_festival_Varanasi-2.JPG/180px-Saraswati_festival_Varanasi-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saraswati_festival_Varanasi-2.JPG/240px-Saraswati_festival_Varanasi-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Le festival <a href="/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB_(d%C3%A9esse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarasvatī (déesse)">Sarasvatī</a>, les participants y viennent révérer la <a href="/wiki/Dev%C3%AE" title="Devî">Devî</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Connaissance" title="Connaissance">connaissance</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Musique" title="Musique">musique</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">arts</a>, et de la <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:India_-_Varanasi_sun_greet_-_0270.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prêtre hindou saluant le soleil au bord du Gange à Varanasi."><img alt="Prêtre hindou saluant le soleil au bord du Gange à Varanasi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/India_-_Varanasi_sun_greet_-_0270.jpg/120px-India_-_Varanasi_sun_greet_-_0270.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/India_-_Varanasi_sun_greet_-_0270.jpg/180px-India_-_Varanasi_sun_greet_-_0270.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/India_-_Varanasi_sun_greet_-_0270.jpg/240px-India_-_Varanasi_sun_greet_-_0270.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3453" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prêtre <a href="/wiki/Hindou" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindou">hindou</a> saluant le soleil au bord du <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a> à <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Azakhana_wazeer_un_nisa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Procession chiite aux abords de l'hussainia d'Amroha, à l'occasion de Muharam."><img alt="Procession chiite aux abords de l'hussainia d'Amroha, à l'occasion de Muharam." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Azakhana_wazeer_un_nisa.jpg/120px-Azakhana_wazeer_un_nisa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Azakhana_wazeer_un_nisa.jpg/180px-Azakhana_wazeer_un_nisa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Azakhana_wazeer_un_nisa.jpg/240px-Azakhana_wazeer_un_nisa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Procession <a href="/wiki/Chiisme" title="Chiisme">chiite</a> aux abords de l'<a href="/wiki/Hussainia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussainia">hussainia</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Amroha" title="Amroha">Amroha</a>, à l'occasion de <a href="/wiki/Mouharram" title="Mouharram">Muharam</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modifier la section : Cuisine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=31" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Cuisine"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le menu végétarien quotidien en Uttar Pradesh, comme tout <a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">thali</a> de l'Inde du Nord, est constitué de 'roti'<a href="/wiki/Chapati" title="Chapati">chapati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chawwal" title="Chawwal">chawwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">sabjiet</a> parfois le dahi (yaourt) ou le <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AFta" title="Raïta">raïta</a>. </p><p>Un <a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">thali</a> festif typique est constitué de <a href="/wiki/Puri_(pain)" title="Puri (pain)">puri</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Kachori" title="Kachori">kachori</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">sabji</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Riz_pilaf" title="Riz pilaf">pulav</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AFta" title="Raïta">raïta</a>, de salade et de desserts (comme le sewai ou <a href="/wiki/Kheer" title="Kheer">kheer</a>). </p><p>De nombreuses communautés, comme les <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%AFnisme" title="Jaïnisme">Jains</a>, les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayasths&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayasths (page inexistante)">Kayasths</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulmans</a>, ont leur propre type de cuisine. </p><p>Il y a aussi des délices sub-régionaux. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_Awadhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine Awadhi">cuisine Awadhi</a> est mondialement célèbre pour ses plats comme le <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebab</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">biryani</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Keema" title="Keema">keema</a> et le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihari (page inexistante)">nihari</a>. </p><p>Les sucreries ont une place importante dans l'alimentation hindoue et on les consomme lors de cérémonies. On confectionne des <a href="/wiki/Confiserie" title="Confiserie">confiseries</a> à base de produits laitiers, comme le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khurchan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khurchan (page inexistante)">khurchan</a>, le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peda (page inexistante)">peda</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Gulab_jamun" title="Gulab jamun">gulab jamun</a>, le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petha (page inexistante)">petha</a>, le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makhan_malai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makhan malai (page inexistante)">makhan malai</a>, et le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamcham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamcham (page inexistante)">chamcham</a>. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Chaat_(cuisine)" title="Chaat (cuisine)">chaat</a> de Lucknow et le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banarasi_paan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banarasi paan (page inexistante)">Banarasi paan</a> sont connus à travers toute l'Inde<sup id="cite_ref-paan_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paan-121"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>116<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thali de l'Uttar Pradesh composé de naan, sultani dal, raïta, et de shahi panir."><img alt="Thali de l'Uttar Pradesh composé de naan, sultani dal, raïta, et de shahi panir." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg/120px-Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg/180px-Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg/240px-Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">Thali</a> de l'Uttar Pradesh composé de <a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">naan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">sultani dal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AFta" title="Raïta">raïta</a>, et de <a href="/wiki/Panir" title="Panir">shahi panir</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourisme">Tourisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modifier la section : Tourisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=32" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Tourisme"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Spécial:EditPage/Uttar Pradesh">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a></div></div> <p>L’Uttar Pradesh est l’État le plus touristique. Il comprend notamment les villes d’<a href="/wiki/%C4%80gr%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Āgrā">Āgrā</a>, la ville du <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, du <a href="/wiki/Mausol%C3%A9e_d%27Itim%C3%A2d-ud-Daul%C3%A2" title="Mausolée d'Itimâd-ud-Daulâ">mausolée d'Itimâd-ud-Daulâ</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2r%C3%A2nas%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Vârânasî">Vârânasî</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2rn%C3%A2th" class="mw-redirect" title="Sârnâth">Sârnâth</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Taj_Mahal,_Agra,_India_edit3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Taj Mahal à Āgrā."><img alt="Le Taj Mahal à Āgrā." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Taj_Mahal%2C_Agra%2C_India_edit3.jpg/120px-Taj_Mahal%2C_Agra%2C_India_edit3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Taj_Mahal%2C_Agra%2C_India_edit3.jpg/180px-Taj_Mahal%2C_Agra%2C_India_edit3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Taj_Mahal%2C_Agra%2C_India_edit3.jpg/240px-Taj_Mahal%2C_Agra%2C_India_edit3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3144" data-file-height="2173" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Le <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a> à <a href="/wiki/%C4%80gr%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Āgrā">Āgrā</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Itmad-ud-Daula_15.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Mausolée d'Itimād-ud-Daulā à Āgrā."><img alt="Le Mausolée d'Itimād-ud-Daulā à Āgrā." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Itmad-ud-Daula_15.JPG/120px-Itmad-ud-Daula_15.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Itmad-ud-Daula_15.JPG/180px-Itmad-ud-Daula_15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Itmad-ud-Daula_15.JPG/240px-Itmad-ud-Daula_15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Le <a href="/wiki/Mausol%C3%A9e_d%27Itim%C3%A2d-ud-Daul%C3%A2" title="Mausolée d'Itimâd-ud-Daulâ">Mausolée d'Itimād-ud-Daulā</a> à Āgrā.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=33" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=34" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">les limites de confiance donnent un âge compris entre 85 000 (±11 000) et 72 000 (±8 000) ans</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">l’ancienne Bénarès</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">soit 130 milliards de $ US ou 100 milliards d'euros</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">célébré entre mi-octobre et mi-décembre</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">février-mars</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=35" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:25em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2011_upgov.nic.in-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-2011_upgov.nic.in_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-2011_upgov.nic.in_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upgov.nic.in/upstateglance.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Statistics</cite></a> », Lucknow, India, <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_de_l%27Uttar_Pradesh" title="Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh">Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh</a>, <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-géo-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-géo_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.fr/voyages/guides-de-voyage/asie/inde/inde-du-nord/uttar-pradesh"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Uttar Pradesh</cite></a> », geo.fr <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-15" data-sort-value="2013-04-15">15 avril 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MisraBellwood1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Virendra_N._MisraPeter_Bellwood1985"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Virendra N. Misra et Peter Bellwood, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Recent Advances in Indo-Pacific Prehistory : proceedings of the international symposium held at Poona</cite>, Leiden, Brill, <time>1985</time>, 525 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-07512-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-07512-2"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-07512-2</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/90-04-07512-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/90-04-07512-7"><span class="nowrap">90-04-07512-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gMoJj-0Z94UC&pg=PA69">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 69<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recent+Advances+in+Indo-Pacific+Prehistory+%3A+proceedings+of+the+international+symposium+held+at+Poona&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=Virendra+N.&rft.au=Peter+Bellwood&rft.date=1985&rft.pages=69&rft.tpages=525&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07512-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Allchin,_Frank_Raymond_Allchin"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bridget_Allchin,_Frank_Raymond_Allchin">Bridget Allchin, Frank Raymond Allchin, <cite class="italique">The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan</cite>, Cambridge University Press <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-521-28550-X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-521-28550-X"><span class="nowrap">0-521-28550-X</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&pg=PA58">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 58<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Civilization+in+India+and+Pakistan&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.au=Bridget+Allchin%2C+Frank+Raymond+Allchin&rft.pages=58&rft.isbn=0-521-28550-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dr4s-YsP6vcIC%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Dhirajlal_Sankalia,_Shantaram_Bhalchandra_Deo,_Madhukar_Keshav_Dhavalikar"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hasmukhlal_Dhirajlal_Sankalia,_Shantaram_Bhalchandra_Deo,_Madhukar_Keshav_Dhavalikar">Hasmukhlal Dhirajlal Sankalia, Shantaram Bhalchandra Deo, Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar, <cite class="italique">Studies in Indian Archaeology</cite>, Popular Prakashan <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-86132-088-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-86132-088-3"><span class="nowrap">0-86132-088-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=35DP1Z-2dnYC&pg=PA96">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 96<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Indian+Archaeology&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.au=Hasmukhlal+Dhirajlal+Sankalia%2C+Shantaram+Bhalchandra+Deo%2C+Madhukar+Keshav+Dhavalikar&rft.pages=96&rft.isbn=0-86132-088-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D35DP1Z-2dnYC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Gibling,_Roy_M.R,_R._Tandon,_N.G_Jain2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sinha_Gibling,_Roy_M.R,_R._Tandon,_N.G_Jain2008">Sinha Gibling, Roy M.R, R. Tandon, N.G Jain, <cite class="italique">Quaternary fluvial and eolian deposits on the Belan river, India: paleoclimatic setting of Paleolithic to Neolithic archeological sites over the past 85,000 years</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 27, Quaternary Science Reviews, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.11.001">10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.11.001</a></span>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 3–4, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 391<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quaternary+fluvial+and+eolian+deposits+on+the+Belan+river%2C+India%3A+paleoclimatic+setting+of+Paleolithic+to+Neolithic+archeological+sites+over+the+past+85%2C000+years&rft.pub=Quaternary+Science+Reviews&rft.au=Sinha+Gibling%2C+Roy+M.R%2C+R.+Tandon%2C+N.G+Jain&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=391&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.quascirev.2007.11.001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._Kennedy,_p._2632000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kenneth_A._R._Kennedy,_p._2632000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kenneth A. R. Kennedy, p. 263, <cite class="italique" lang="en">God-apes and Fossil Men : paleoanthropology of South Asia</cite>, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, <time>2000</time>, 480 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-472-11013-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-472-11013-6"><span class="nowrap">0-472-11013-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W6zQHNavWlsC&pg=PA263">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God-apes+and+Fossil+Men&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.stitle=paleoanthropology+of+South+Asia&rft.aulast=R.+Kennedy%2C+p.+263&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+A.&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=480&rft.isbn=0-472-11013-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Allchin,_Frank_Raymond_Allchin1982"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bridget_Allchin,_Frank_Raymond_Allchin1982">Bridget Allchin, Frank Raymond Allchin, <cite class="italique">The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan</cite>, Cambridge University Press, <time>1982</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-521-28550-X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-521-28550-X"><span class="nowrap">0-521-28550-X</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&pg=PA119">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 119<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Civilization+in+India+and+Pakistan&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.au=Bridget+Allchin%2C+Frank+Raymond+Allchin&rft.date=1982&rft.pages=119&rft.isbn=0-521-28550-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dr4s-YsP6vcIC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Misra2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="V._N._Misra2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> V. N. Misra, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Prehistoric human colonization of India</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="26"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXVI</span></abbr>, Indian Academy of Sciences, <time>2001</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/nov2001/491.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 4, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">491–531</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+human+colonization+of+India&rft.pub=Indian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=V.+N.&rft.date=2001&rft.volume=%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr+%22+title%3D%2226%22+%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22+style%3D%22text-transform%3Auppercase%22%3EXXVI%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E&rft.pages=491%E2%80%93531&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ias.ac.in%2Fjbiosci%2Fnov2001%2F491.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sen1999-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sen1999_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sen1999_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sen1999_11-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Sen1999_11-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Nath_Sen1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sailendra_Nath_Sen1999">Sailendra Nath Sen, <cite class="italique">Ancient Indian History And Civilization, p. 105–106</cite>, New Age International, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1999-01-01" data-sort-value="1999-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1999</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-224-1198-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-224-1198-0"><span class="nowrap">978-81-224-1198-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Indian+History+And+Civilization%2C+p.+105%E2%80%93106&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.au=Sailendra+Nath+Sen&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-224-1198-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWk4_ICH_g1EC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buck2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Buck2000_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Buck2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="=William_Buck2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> =William <span class="nom_auteur">Buck</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Ramayana</cite>, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., <time class="nowrap" datetime="2000-01-01" data-sort-value="2000-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 2000</time>, 432 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-208-1720-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-208-1720-3"><span class="nowrap">978-81-208-1720-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ramayana&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=%3DWilliam&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.tpages=432&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1720-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White2010-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-White2010_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="White2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_White2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard White, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The middle ground : Indians, empires, and republics in the Great Lakes region, 1650-1815</cite>, Cambridge/New York, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-11-08" data-sort-value="2010-11-08">8 novembre 2010</time>, 544 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-107-00562-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-107-00562-4"><span class="nowrap">978-1-107-00562-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+middle+ground&rft.place=Cambridge%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=Indians%2C+empires%2C+and+republics+in+the+Great+Lakes+region%2C+1650-1815&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-11-08&rft.tpages=544&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00562-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corporation2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Corporation2007_14-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Corporation2007_14-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Cavendish_Corporation2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marshall_Cavendish_Corporation2007">Marshall Cavendish Corporation, <cite class="italique">World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia</cite>, Marshall Cavendish, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-09" data-sort-value="2007-09">septembre 2007</time>, 331–335 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7614-7631-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7614-7631-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7614-7631-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=cKh2KL5LqEsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=World+and+Its+Peoples:+Eastern+and+Southern+Asia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=W5x6UfvzEITz0gXEvoGICQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+and+Its+Peoples%3A+Eastern+and+Southern+Asia&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.au=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft.date=2007-09&rft.tpages=331%E2%80%93335&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7631-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcKh2KL5LqEsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DWorld%2Band%2BIts%2BPeoples%3A%2BEastern%2Band%2BSouthern%2BAsia%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DW5x6UfvzEITz0gXEvoGICQ%26ved%3D0CDMQ6AEwAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chopra2003-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chopra2003_15-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Chopra2003_15-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Nath_Chopra2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pran_Nath_Chopra2003">Pran Nath Chopra, <cite class="italique">A Comprehensive History of Ancient India</cite>, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2003-12-01" data-sort-value="2003-12-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> décembre 2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-207-2503-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-207-2503-4"><span class="nowrap">978-81-207-2503-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 196<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+History+of+Ancient+India&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.au=Pran+Nath+Chopra&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.pages=196&rft.isbn=978-81-207-2503-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgE7udqBkACwC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowman2000-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bowman2000_16-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman2000_16-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Stewart_Bowman2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Stewart_Bowman2000">John Stewart Bowman, <cite class="italique">Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, <time>2000</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-231-11004-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-231-11004-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-231-11004-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cYoHOqC7Yx4C&pg=PA273">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 273<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.au=John+Stewart+Bowman&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=273&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11004-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcYoHOqC7Yx4C%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schimmel2004-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Schimmel2004_17-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Schimmel2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Annemarie_Schimmel2004">Annemarie Schimmel, <cite class="italique">The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture</cite>, Reaktion Books, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2004-02-05" data-sort-value="2004-02-05">5 février 2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-86189-185-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-86189-185-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-86189-185-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N7sewQQzOHUC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Great+Mughals%3A+History%2C+Art+and+Culture&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft.date=2004-02-05&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-185-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN7sewQQzOHUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindustan)Hiro2006-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Hindustan)Hiro2006_18-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="(Emperor_of_Hindustan),_Dilip_Hiro2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Babur_(Emperor_of_Hindustan),_Dilip_Hiro2006">Babur (Emperor of Hindustan), Dilip Hiro, <cite class="italique">Babur Nama: Journal of Emperor Babur</cite>, Penguin Books India, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-03-01" data-sort-value="2006-03-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars 2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-14-400149-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-14-400149-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-14-400149-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VW2HJL689wgC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babur+Nama%3A+Journal+of+Emperor+Babur&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.au=Babur+%28Emperor+of+Hindustan%29%2C+Dilip+Hiro&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft.isbn=978-0-14-400149-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVW2HJL689wgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramirez-Faria2007-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Ramirez-Faria2007_19-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Ramirez-Faria2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Carlos_Ramirez-Faria2007">Carlos Ramirez-Faria, <cite class="italique">Concise Encyclopeida Of World History</cite>, Atlantic Publishers & Dist, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-01-01" data-sort-value="2007-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-269-0775-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-269-0775-5"><span class="nowrap">978-81-269-0775-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PA171">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 171<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopeida+Of+World+History&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.aulast=Ramirez-Faria&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.pages=171&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0775-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgGKsS-9h4BYC%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindustan-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-hindustan_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Susan2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stronge_Susan2012">Stronge Susan, <cite class="italique">Mughal Hindustan is renowned for its opulence</cite>, London, The Arts of the Sikh Kingdoms (V&A 1999), <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-10-16" data-sort-value="2012-10-16">16 octobre 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PVrSYgEACAAJ&dq=hindustan+by+mughal&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PyMNUIeXIcnLrQe9w7zICA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 255<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Hindustan+is+renowned+for+its+opulence&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Arts+of+the+Sikh+Kingdoms+%28V%26A+1999%29&rft.aulast=Susan&rft.aufirst=Stronge&rft.date=2012-10-16&rft.pages=255&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.in%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPVrSYgEACAAJ%26dq%3Dhindustan%2Bby%2Bmughal%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DPyMNUIeXIcnLrQe9w7zICA%26ved%3D0CDYQ6AEwAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agrawal1983-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Agrawal1983_21-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Agrawal1983"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ashvini_Agrawal1983">Ashvini Agrawal, <cite class="italique">Studies In Mughal History</cite>, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., <time class="nowrap" datetime="1983-01-01" data-sort-value="1983-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1983</time>, 30–46 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-208-2326-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-208-2326-6"><span class="nowrap">978-81-208-2326-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AZdCrUxFAHEC&pg=PA30">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+In+Mughal+History&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.aulast=Agrawal&rft.aufirst=Ashvini&rft.date=1983-01-01&rft.tpages=30%E2%80%9346&rft.isbn=978-81-208-2326-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAZdCrUxFAHEC%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicoll2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fergus_Nicoll2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Fergus Nicoll, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shah Jahan : The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor</cite>, Londres, Haus Publishing, <time>2009</time>, 280 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-906598-18-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-906598-18-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-906598-18-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shah+Jahan&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Haus+Publishing&rft.stitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Mughal+Emperor&rft.aulast=Nicoll&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=280&rft.isbn=978-1-906598-18-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rivers-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-rivers_24-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage"><cite class="italique">Rivers of Uttar Pradesh</cite>, <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topiclist/Rivers-of-Uttar-Pradesh">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rivers+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft.pub=The+Economic+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Ftopiclist%2FRivers-of-Uttar-Pradesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-land-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-land_25-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upenvis.nic.in/Database/Water_816.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Most critical factors</cite></a> », Uttar Pradesh climate department</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geography-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Geography_26-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uponline.in/About/Profile/Geography/index.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Uttar Pradesh Geography</cite></a> », Uttar Pradesh State Profile <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-15" data-sort-value="2013-04-15">15 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Terai-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Terai_27-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Aggarwala,_P.K._Joshib,_J.S.I._Ingramc,_R.K._Gupta2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="P.K._Aggarwala,_P.K._Joshib,_J.S.I._Ingramc,_R.K._Gupta2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> P.K. Aggarwala, P.K. Joshib, J.S.I. Ingramc, R.K. Gupta, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gecafs.org/publications/Publications/IGP_Paper.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Adapting food systems of the Indo-Gangetic plains to global environmental change: key information needs to improve policy formulation</cite></a> », Gecafs, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-15" data-sort-value="2013-04-15">15 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vindhya-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-vindhya_28-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/state-elections-2012/up/profile.html/2"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Gangetic Plains and Vindhya Hills and plateau</cite></a> », Zee news <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-15" data-sort-value="2013-04-15">15 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BhargavaBhatt2005-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BhargavaBhatt2005_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BhargavaBhatt2005_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BhargavaBhatt2005_29-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-BhargavaBhatt2005_29-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Bhargava,_Shankarlal_C._Bhatt2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gopal_K._Bhargava,_Shankarlal_C._Bhatt2005">Gopal K. Bhargava, Shankarlal C. Bhatt, <cite class="italique">Land and people of Indian states and union territories. 28. Uttar Pradesh</cite>, Gyan Publishing House, <time>2005</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-7835-384-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-7835-384-5"><span class="nowrap">978-81-7835-384-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FCG5hGZ-hJsC&pg=PA31">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+and+people+of+Indian+states+and+union+territories.+28.+Uttar+Pradesh&rft.pub=Gyan+Publishing+House&rft.aulast=Bhargava%2C+Shankarlal+C.+Bhatt&rft.aufirst=Gopal+K.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7835-384-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFCG5hGZ-hJsC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climate-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Climate_30-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Climate_30-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pradesh_climate_department"><span class="ouvrage" id="Uttar_Pradesh_climate_department"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Uttar Pradesh climate department, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upenvis.nic.in/Database/Climate_861.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Climate change impacts</cite></a> », Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-15" data-sort-value="2013-04-15">15 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-climate009-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-climate009_31-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-climate009_31-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webindia123.com/uttar/land/climate.htm#cli"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Climate</cite></a> », Uttar Prades:Land. Suni System (P) Ltd. <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-15" data-sort-value="2013-04-15">15 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rainfall-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-rainfall_32-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Department_Uttar_Pradesh"><span class="ouvrage" id="Irrigation_Department_Uttar_Pradesh"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Irrigation Department Uttar Pradesh, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irrigation.up.nic.in/rainfall.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Average rainfall pattern of Uttar Pradesh</cite></a> », Lucknow, Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-23" data-sort-value="2013-04-23">23 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Board2008-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Board2008_33-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Prakashan_-_Editorial_Board2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Upkar_Prakashan_-_Editorial_Board2008">Upkar Prakashan - Editorial Board, <cite class="italique">Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge, p. 26</cite>, Upkar Prakashan, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-7482-408-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-7482-408-0"><span class="nowrap">978-81-7482-408-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ce8FpJzR-4C&pg=PA26">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uttar+Pradesh+General+Knowledge%2C+p.+26&rft.pub=Upkar+Prakashan&rft.au=Upkar+Prakashan+-+Editorial+Board&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7482-408-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_ce8FpJzR-4C%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WesDist-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-WesDist_34-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Sethi2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nitin_Sethi2007">Nitin Sethi, <cite class="italique">Met dept blames it on 'western disturbance'</cite>, The Times of India, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-02-13" data-sort-value="2007-02-13">13 février 2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-02-13/india/27887812_1_met-dept-disturbance-rains">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Met+dept+blames+it+on+%27western+disturbance%27&rft.pub=The+Times+of+India&rft.aulast=Sethi&rft.aufirst=Nitin&rft.date=2007-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2007-02-13%2Findia%2F27887812_1_met-dept-disturbance-rains&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2019">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.orange.fr/societe/environnement/inde-la-secheresse-provoque-des-comportements-etranges-chez-les-animaux-CNT000001gjAri.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Inde : la sécheresse provoque des comportements étranges chez les animaux</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Orange Actualités</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-06-08" data-sort-value="2019-06-08">8 juin 2019</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-06-08" data-sort-value="2019-06-08">8 juin 2019</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flora-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Flora_36-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : anglais et hindi">(en + hi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upforestcorporation.in/Default.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Uttar Pradesh Forest Corporation</cite></a> », Forest department uttar pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-17" data-sort-value="2013-04-17">17 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fsiwbforest-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-fsiwbforest_37-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsi.org.in/cover_2011/uttarapradesh.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Forest and tree resources in states and union territories: Uttar Pradesh</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131107201030/http://www.fsi.org.in/cover_2011/uttarapradesh.pdf">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-11-07" data-sort-value="2013-11-07">7 novembre 2013</time></a>]</small></span>, <span class="italique">India state of forest report 2011</span>, Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-17" data-sort-value="2013-04-17">17 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bsienvis.nic.in/medi.htm#Balanites"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Aegyptica</cite></a> », Bsienvis.nic.in <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-17" data-sort-value="2013-04-17">17 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-animals-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-animals_39-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.up-tourism.com/destination/wild_life/wild_life.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Bird Sanctuary</cite></a> », Tourisme de l'Uttar Pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-17" data-sort-value="2013-04-17">17 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Predominant-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Predominant_40-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.up-tourism.com/destination/wild_life/places_of_interest.htm#Suhelva"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Sanctuary Park in Uttar Pradesh</cite></a> », U.P tourism <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-17" data-sort-value="2013-04-17">17 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vegetation_and_Flora-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Vegetation_and_Flora_41-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upgov.nic.in/upwealth.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">NATURAL WEALTH</cite></a> », Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-17" data-sort-value="2013-04-17">17 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorny_Forest-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Thorny_Forest_42-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upenvis.nic.in/Database/Forest_838.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Forest - Miscellaneous Statistics</cite></a> », Ministry of Environment and Forests <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-17" data-sort-value="2013-04-17">17 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Avifauna-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Avifauna_43-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="JAVED_AND_ASAD_R._RAHMANI1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="SALIM_JAVED_AND_ASAD_R._RAHMANI1998"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> SALIM JAVED AND ASAD R. RAHMANI, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Conservation of the Avifauna of the Dudhwa National Park</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Dudhwa_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudhwa National Park">Dudhwa National Park</a>, <time>1998</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://birdingasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Javed-Dudwa.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> FORKTAIL 14, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">57-66</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservation+of+the+Avifauna+of+the+Dudhwa+National+Park&rft.pub=Dudhwa+National+Park&rft.au=SALIM+JAVED+AND+ASAD+R.+RAHMANI&rft.date=1998&rft.pages=57-66&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbirdingasia.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F09%2FJaved-Dudwa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S.k.agarwal-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-S.k.agarwal_44-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Agarwal2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="S._K._Agarwal2007">S. K. Agarwal, <cite class="italique">Environment Biotechnology, p. 61</cite>, New Delhi, APH Publishing, <time>2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-313-0294-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-313-0294-1"><span class="nowrap">978-81-313-0294-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0UeDTX6HEK8C&pg=PA61">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environment+Biotechnology%2C+p.+61&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.aulast=Agarwal&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-313-0294-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0UeDTX6HEK8C%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fauna-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-fauna_45-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zsi.gov.in/right_menu/Annual%20Meeting/Annual%20Meeting%202011-12/HQ/Fauna.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Processing of manuscripts of Fauna</cite></a> », Indian Government <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-18" data-sort-value="2013-04-18">18 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-election-results-2017-live-updates-leads-counting-bjp-sp-bsp-congress-samajwadi-party-seats-won-lost-list-of-winners-narendra-modi-mayawati-akhilesh-yadav-rahul-gandhi-4564538/">Uttar Pradesh election results 2017: BJP blooms, punctures SP-Congress alliance</a>, indianexpress.com, 11 mars 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr_47-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-24décembre2020_www.lemonde.fr_47-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2020">« <cite style="font-style:normal">L’Uttar Pradesh, laboratoire de l’extrémisme hindou</cite> », <i>Le Monde.fr</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-24" data-sort-value="2020-12-24">24 décembre 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/12/24/l-uttar-pradesh-laboratoire-de-l-extremisme-hindou_6064422_3210.html">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-26" data-sort-value="2020-12-26">26 décembre 2020</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%E2%80%99Uttar+Pradesh%2C+laboratoire+de+l%E2%80%99extr%C3%A9misme+hindou&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.date=2020-12-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : anglais, hindi et ourdou">(en + hi + ur)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upgov.nic.in/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Site officiel</cite></a> », Lucknow, India, Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttar-pradesh-division-purvanchal-mayawati/1/160072.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Prominent cities in Purvanchal</cite></a> », India today, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-11-15" data-sort-value="2011-11-15">15 novembre 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-18" data-sort-value="2013-05-18">18 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1843879.stm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Ayodhya dispute</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2004-11-15" data-sort-value="2004-11-15">15 novembre 2004</time></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-terror_attack-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-terror_attack_51-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-terror_attack_51-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage"><cite class="italique">Chronology of recent terror attacks</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo">Yahoo</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.news.yahoo.com/chronology-recent-terror-attacks-india-153913362.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+recent+terror+attacks&rft.pub=Yahoo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.news.yahoo.com%2Fchronology-recent-terror-attacks-india-153913362.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bomb09-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-bomb09_52-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2012"><cite class="italique">A powerful bomb placed in</cite>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zee_news&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zee news (page inexistante)">Zee news</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-07-20" data-sort-value="2012-07-20">20 juillet 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/delhi-blast-raid-at-huji-militant-s-house-in-up_730458.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+powerful+bomb+placed+in&rft.pub=Zee+news&rft.date=2012-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Futtar-pradesh%2Fdelhi-blast-raid-at-huji-militant-s-house-in-up_730458.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bombing_1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-bombing_1_53-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/07up.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Sankat Mochan Hanuman temple blast</cite></a> », Rediff.com <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bombing_2-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-bombing_2_54-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers43%5Cpaper4216.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">A Recall of the 2006 Blasts in Varanasi on March 7</cite></a> », South Asia analysis <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-redif-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-redif_55-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/07up.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Varanasi railway station blast</cite></a> », Rediff.com, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-03-08" data-sort-value="2006-03-08">8 mars 2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RDX-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-RDX_56-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2007"><cite class="italique">Uttar Pradesh blasts, RDX use confirmed</cite>, Web India, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-11-25" data-sort-value="2007-11-25">25 novembre 2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20071125/832278.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uttar+Pradesh+blasts%2C+RDX+use+confirmed&rft.pub=Web+India&rft.date=2007-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.webindia123.com%2Fnews%2FArticles%2FIndia%2F20071125%2F832278.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blast_responsible-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-blast_responsible_57-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2010"><cite class="italique">Varanasi blast</cite>, <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">New Delhi Television Limited</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-12-07" data-sort-value="2010-12-07">7 décembre 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/varanasi-blast-18-month-old-killed-25-injured-71186">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Varanasi+blast&rft.pub=New+Delhi+Television+Limited&rft.date=2010-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fvaranasi-blast-18-month-old-killed-25-injured-71186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2007_bombing-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2007_bombing_58-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Swami2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Praveen_Swami2007">Praveen Swami, <cite class="italique">Uttar Pradesh bombings mark new phase</cite>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-11-25" data-sort-value="2007-11-25">25 novembre 2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/25/stories/2007112555861000.htm">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uttar+Pradesh+bombings+mark+new+phase&rft.pub=The+Hindu&rft.aulast=Swami&rft.aufirst=Praveen&rft.date=2007-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2007%2F11%2F25%2Fstories%2F2007112555861000.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bombings-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-bombings_59-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Swami2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Praveen_Swami2007">Praveen Swami, <cite class="italique">Wiretap warning on Uttar Pradesh bombings went in vain</cite>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-12-26" data-sort-value="2007-12-26">26 décembre 2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hindu.com/2007/12/26/stories/2007122653691200.htm">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wiretap+warning+on+Uttar+Pradesh+bombings+went+in+vain&rft.pub=The+Hindu&rft.aulast=Swami&rft.aufirst=Praveen&rft.date=2007-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhindu.com%2F2007%2F12%2F26%2Fstories%2F2007122653691200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-people_killed-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-people_killed_60-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><cite class="italique">Massive terror attacks</cite>, The Sunday Indian, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-11-25" data-sort-value="2011-11-25">25 novembre 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/massive-terror-attacks-in-india-in-the-last-20-years/14/26333/">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massive+terror+attacks&rft.pub=The+Sunday+Indian&rft.date=2011-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundayindian.com%2Fen%2Fstory%2Fmassive-terror-attacks-in-india-in-the-last-20-years%2F14%2F26333%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Daum2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Daum2020">Pierre <span class="nom_auteur">Daum</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2020/03/DAUM/61509"><cite style="font-style:normal;">La question identitaire déchire l’Inde</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le Monde diplomatique</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-03-01" data-sort-value="2020-03-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars 2020</time></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2020">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/asie-pacifique/20201207-love-jihad-dans-l-uttar-pradesh-les-nationalistes-hindous-s-en-prennent-aux-mariages-interreligieux"><cite style="font-style:normal;">«Love jihad»: dans l'Uttar Pradesh, les nationalistes hindous s’en prennent aux mariages interreligieux</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">RFI</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-07" data-sort-value="2020-12-07">7 décembre 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-29" data-sort-value="2020-12-29">29 décembre 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2020">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courrierinternational.com/revue-de-presse/religion-dans-luttar-pradesh-un-musulman-risque-dix-ans-de-prison-sil-epouse-une"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Religion. Dans l’Uttar Pradesh, un musulman risque dix ans de prison s’il épouse une hindoue</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Courrier international</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-04" data-sort-value="2020-12-04">4 décembre 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-29" data-sort-value="2020-12-29">29 décembre 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2023">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudouest.fr/faits-divers/inde-un-ex-depute-et-son-frere-abattus-en-direct-a-la-television-14813993.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Inde : un ex-député et son frère abattus en direct à la télévision</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">sudouest.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-16" data-sort-value="2023-04-16">16 avril 2023</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1760-6454">1760-6454</a></span>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/uttar-pradesh-population.html">http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/uttar-pradesh-population.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">POPULATION OF INDIA (1951-2001)</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ci-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-ci_67-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html#"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Census of India 2011 (Provisional)</cite></a> », <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sinha2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kounteya_Sinha2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kounteya Sinha, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-01/india/31269775_1_fertility-rate-population-stabilization-national-population-policy"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Fertility rate in India drops by 19 % in 10 years</cite></a> », Times of India, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-04-01" data-sort-value="2012-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Census of India - Population by religious communities</cite></a> », <time>2001</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-12" data-sort-value="2013-04-12">12 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Financial_Year_2011-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Financial_Year_2011_71-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Federal States of India</cite>, The VMW Analytic Services <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unidow.com/india%20home%20eng/statewise_gdp.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Federal+States+of+India&rft.pub=The+VMW+Analytic+Services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Planning_Commission_Government_Of_India-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Government_Of_India_72-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">Current NSDP status of state</cite>, Planning Commission Government of India <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planningcommission.nic.in/data/datatable/0904/tab_104.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+NSDP+status+of+state&rft.pub=Planning+Commission+Government+of+India&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span>>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbi_pnn-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rbi_pnn_73-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-rbi_pnn_73-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=14360"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Table 4 : Net State Domestic Product at Factor Cost - State-Wise (At Current Prices)</cite></a> », Reserve Bank of India, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-09" data-sort-value="2012-09">septembre 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-resources-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-resources_74-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-resources_74-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><cite class="italique">The state profile</cite>, New Delhi, PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-12" data-sort-value="2011-12">décembre 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttar-Pradesh.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+state+profile&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=PHD+Chamber+of+Commerce+and+Industry&rft.date=2011-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phdcci.in%2Fadmin%2Fuserfiles%2Ffile%2FResearch-Bureau%2FUttar-Pradesh.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Policy-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Policy_75-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexuniverse.com/industrial-policy/india/uttar-pradesh/uttar-pradesh2.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Industrial policy of Uttar Pradesh</cite></a> », Lex Universe <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-27" data-sort-value="2013-04-27">27 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Investment-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Investment_76-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibef.org/download/Uttar_Pradesh_060710.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Investment climate of a state</cite></a> », IBEF organization <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-27" data-sort-value="2013-04-27">27 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Service_sector-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Service_sector_77-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Service sector over the present crisis</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></span></i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-03-14" data-sort-value="2009-03-14">14 mars 2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-03-14/news/28471008_1_service-sector-gdp-growth-enterprises">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-27" data-sort-value="2013-04-27">27 avril 2013</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Service+sector+over+the+present+crisis&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.date=2009-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2009-03-14%2Fnews%2F28471008_1_service-sector-gdp-growth-enterprises&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/economy/only-5-states-exceed-11th-plan-growth-targets-govt_584266.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Only 5 states exceed 11th Plan growth targets: Govt: Ruled by CNBC TV18 News</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> TV18-MoneyControl Post, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-05-13" data-sort-value="2011-05-13">13 mai 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-27" data-sort-value="2013-04-27">27 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_Finances-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-State_Finances_79-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=22105"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">RBI releases Study on State Finances 2009-10</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> (RBI) <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-27" data-sort-value="2013-04-27">27 avril 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ministry_of_statistics_and_Program_Implementation_Govt._Of_India-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Ministry_of_statistics_and_Program_Implementation_Govt._Of_India_80-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/State_wise_SDP_2004-05_14mar12.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Ministry of statistics and Program Implementation</cite></a> », Ministry of statistics and Program Implementation Govt. Of India, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-03-01" data-sort-value="2012-03-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-27" data-sort-value="2013-04-27">27 avril 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-debt_burden-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-debt_burden_81-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">State slipping into debt burden</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-06-14" data-sort-value="2011-06-14">14 juin 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-14/pune/29656552_1_debt-burden-white-paper-finance-minister">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+slipping+into+debt+burden&rft.pub=Times+of+India&rft.date=2011-06-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Small_Scale_Industries-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Small_Scale_Industries_82-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2004-05(I)/eb/sbe84.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Small scale industries and other small trades.</cite></a> », Ministry of Small Scale Industries <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-27" data-sort-value="2013-04-27">27 avril 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Introduction-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Introduction_83-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncl.gov.in/new/profile1.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Western part of the coalfield</cite></a> », Northern Coalfields Limited <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-27" data-sort-value="2013-04-27">27 avril 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2020">« <cite style="font-style:normal">Coronavirus : « L’esclavage fait son retour en Inde », qui sape son droit du travail</cite> », <i>Le Monde.fr</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-05-12" data-sort-value="2020-05-12">12 mai 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2020/05/12/coronavirus-l-esclavage-fait-son-retour-en-inde-qui-sape-son-droit-du-travail_6039428_3234.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+%3A+%C2%AB+L%E2%80%99esclavage+fait+son+retour+en+Inde+%C2%BB%2C+qui+sape+son+droit+du+travail&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.date=2020-05-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2020">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanite.fr/inde-pour-les-travailleurs-le-monde-dapres-est-un-brutal-recul-689044"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Inde : pour les travailleurs, le monde d’après est un brutal recul</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">L'Humanité</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-05-13" data-sort-value="2020-05-13">13 mai 2020</time></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Airports-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Airports_86-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/varanasi_generalinfo.jsp"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">contributing to economic growth and prosperity of the nation</cite></a> », Airports Authority of India, 24th november 2011 <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waterways-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Waterways_87-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thandaveswara"><span class="ouvrage" id="B.S._Thandaveswara"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> B.S. Thandaveswara, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Hydraulics/pdfs/Unit2/2_3.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">National waterways of India</cite></a> », Indian Institute of Technology Madras <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-route_length-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-route_length_88-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lko.railnet.gov.in/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">total railway route length uttar pradesh</cite></a> », Northern Railways Lucknow Division <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-North_Central_Railway-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-North_Central_Railway_89-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,396,403"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">North Central Railway-The Allahabad Division</cite></a> », Indian Railways Portal CMS Team <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-North-Eastern_Railways-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-North-Eastern_Railways_90-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ner.indianrailways.gov.in/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">the Portal of Indian Railways</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-security_system-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-security_system_91-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage"><cite class="italique">Equipment arrives for integrated security system</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Equipment-Arrives-For-Integrated-Security-System">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Equipment+arrives+for+integrated+security+system&rft.pub=Times+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftopic%2FEquipment-Arrives-For-Integrated-Security-System&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-train-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-train_92-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2012"><cite class="italique">Lucknow New Delhi Shatabdi Express</cite>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-07-02" data-sort-value="2012-07-02">2 juillet 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Lucknow-New-Delhi-Shatabdi-Express">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lucknow+New+Delhi+Shatabdi+Express&rft.pub=The+Times+of+India&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftopic%2FLucknow-New-Delhi-Shatabdi-Express&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Railway_Budget-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Railway_Budget_93-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.oneindia.in/2009/07/03/50railway-stations-to-be-of-world-standard.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">50 Indian Railway stations to be world class</cite></a> », oneindia.com, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-07-03" data-sort-value="2009-07-03">3 juillet 2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ROAD_NETWORK-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ROAD_NETWORK_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ROAD_NETWORK_94-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-ROAD_NETWORK_94-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="and_Institutional_Structure"><span class="ouvrage" id="Statutes_and_Institutional_Structure"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Statutes and Institutional Structure, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dipp.nic.in/English/Investor/Investers_Gudlines/roads.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Investment Promotion & Infrastructure Development Cell</cite></a> », Department of Industrial policy and promotion, Ministère du commerce et de l'industrie <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-14" data-sort-value="2013-04-14">14 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-road-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-road_95-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/upsdr/vol-2/Chap_b8.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Pervasive road network of Uttar Pradesh</cite></a> », Planning commission, Government of India <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-14" data-sort-value="2013-04-14">14 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golden_Quadrilateral-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Golden_Quadrilateral_96-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="The_government_has_completed2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="the_Golden_Quadrilateral_highways_project_The_government_has_completed2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> the Golden Quadrilateral highways project <span class="nom_auteur">The government has completed</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/govt-declares-golden-quadrilateral-complete/896873/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Govt declares Golden Quadrilateral complete</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-01-07" data-sort-value="2012-01-07">7 janvier 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-14" data-sort-value="2013-04-14">14 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Expressway-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Expressway_97-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yamunaexpresswayauthority.com/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Yamuna Expressway Project is conceived</cite></a> », Expressway Authority <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-14" data-sort-value="2013-04-14">14 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-upeida-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-upeida_98-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pradesh_Expressways_Industrial_Development_Authority"><span class="ouvrage" id="Uttar_Pradesh_Expressways_Industrial_Development_Authority"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upeida.in/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Uttar Pradesh Expressway</cite></a> », Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-14" data-sort-value="2013-04-14">14 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-expressway_projects-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-expressway_projects_99-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pradesh_Expressways_Industrial_Development_Authority"><span class="ouvrage" id="Uttar_Pradesh_Expressways_Industrial_Development_Authority"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upeida.in/project_4.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Expressway Projects in state</cite></a> », Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-14" data-sort-value="2013-04-14">14 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucknow-Barabanki-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Lucknow-Barabanki_100-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pradesh_Expressways_Industrial_Development_Authority"><span class="ouvrage" id="Uttar_Pradesh_Expressways_Industrial_Development_Authority"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upeida.in/project_5.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Lucknow-Barabanki-Nanpara link Expressway</cite></a> », Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-14" data-sort-value="2013-04-14">14 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-universities-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-universities_101-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educationinfoindia.com/Universities/U-up.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">List of universities</cite></a> », Education department of india <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Universities_UP-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Universities_UP_102-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Universities_UP_102-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upeducation.net/universities/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">List of Universities in Uttar Pradesh</cite></a> », Education department of U.P, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-04-06" data-sort-value="2010-04-06">6 avril 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IIT-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-IIT_103-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage"><cite class="italique">Kanpur schools welcome IIT Council formula</cite>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/IIT-Kanpur">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kanpur+schools+welcome+IIT+Council+formula&rft.pub=The+Times+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftopic%2FIIT-Kanpur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IIM-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-IIM_104-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iiml.ac.in/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Official Website of IIM Lucknow</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Institut_indien_de_management_de_Lucknow" title="Institut indien de management de Lucknow">IIM Lucknow</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IIM_students-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-IIM_students_105-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-28/lucknow/32456320_1_iim-lucknow-management-lucknow-global-colleges"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">IIM-Lucknow sends country's first team to global agribusiness meet</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-06-28" data-sort-value="2012-06-28">28 juin 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agri-biz-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Agri-biz_106-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://article.wn.com/view/2012/07/01/IIMLucknow_students_participate_in_global_agribusiness_meet/#/related_news"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">IIM-Lucknow students participate in global agri-business meet</cite></a> », MBA Universe, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-07-01" data-sort-value="2012-07-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juillet 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-institution-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-institution_107-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upeducation.net/universities/Integral_University/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Integral University Lucknow state level institution</cite></a> », Gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-04-10" data-sort-value="2010-04-10">10 avril 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jansatta-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-jansatta_108-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ragini2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dikshit_Ragini2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : hindi">(hi)</abbr> Dikshit Ragini, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="hi">चित्रकूट : दुनिया का प्रथम विकलांग विश्वविद्यालय (Chitrakuta : The world's first handicapped university)</cite>, Jansatta Express,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-07-10" data-sort-value="2007-07-10">10 juillet 2007</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F+%3A+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF+%28Chitrakuta+%3A+The+world%27s+first+handicapped+university%29&rft.pub=Jansatta+Express&rft.aulast=Ragini&rft.aufirst=Dikshit&rft.date=2007-07-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vedic-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-vedic_109-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infotech.up.nic.in/about_UP/ABOUT_UP.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">CULTURAL HERITAGE</cite></a> », <i><a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_de_l%27Inde" title="Gouvernement de l'Inde">Gouvernement de l'Inde</a></i> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-epic-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-epic_110-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kak"><span class="ouvrage" id="Subhash_Kak"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Subhash Kak, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ece.lsu.edu/kak/MahabharataII.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Mahabharata as an encyclopaedia</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89tat_de_Louisiane" title="Université d'État de Louisiane">Université d'État de Louisiane</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Awakening_Indians_to_India-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Awakening_Indians_to_India_111-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2008"><cite class="italique">Awakening Indians to India, p. 167</cite>, Chinmaya Mission, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/81-7597-434-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/81-7597-434-6"><span class="nowrap">81-7597-434-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AIU4LzftaPAC&pg=PA167&dq=%22Guru+Purnima%22+-inpublisher:icon&cd=8#v=onepage&q=%22Guru%20Purnima%22%20-inpublisher%3Aicon&f=false">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Awakening+Indians+to+India%2C+p.+167&rft.pub=Chinmaya+Mission&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=81-7597-434-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAIU4LzftaPAC%26pg%3DPA167%26dq%3D%2522Guru%2BPurnima%2522%2B-inpublisher%3Aicon%26cd%3D8%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Guru%2520Purnima%2522%2520-inpublisher%253Aicon%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-authors-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-authors_112-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Talageri"><span class="ouvrage" id="Srikant_Talageri"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Srikant Talageri, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/ancient/indus/indus_civ.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Indus Valley Civilization</cite></a> », <i>The Hindu universe</i> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.oneindia.in/2009/07/04/threeindian-children-to-attend-j8-summit-inrome.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Three indian children to attend J8 summit in Rome</cite></a> », One India News, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-07-04" data-sort-value="2009-07-04">4 juillet 2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uplegassembly.nic.in/UPLL.HTML"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Uttar Pradesh Legislature</cite></a> », U.P assembly <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bfy"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Ethnologue report for language code: bfy</cite></a> », Ethnologue <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mela-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Mela_118-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqvzEjgYTFA"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Kumbh Mela - India</cite></a> », <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Braj_Holi-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Braj_Holi_119-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2011"><cite class="italique">The Braj Holi: Legend in real life</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-03-19" data-sort-value="2011-03-19">19 mars 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/lifestyle/The-Braj-Holi-Legend-in-real-life/Article1-675341.aspx">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Braj+Holi%3A+Legend+in+real+life&rft.pub=Hindustan+Times&rft.date=2011-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FNews-Feed%2Flifestyle%2FThe-Braj-Holi-Legend-in-real-life%2FArticle1-675341.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-traditions-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-traditions_120-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.up-tourism.com/destination/varanasi/fair_festival.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Fairs & Festivals</cite></a> », Département du tourisme de l'Uttar Pradesh <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04-13" data-sort-value="2013-04-13">13 avril 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paan-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-paan_121-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage"><cite class="italique">Banarasi paan</cite>, varanasisearch.com <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varanasisearch.com/benarasipaan.htm">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banarasi+paan&rft.pub=varanasisearch.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varanasisearch.com%2Fbenarasipaan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUttar+Pradesh"></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=36" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uttar_Pradesh?uselang=fr">Uttar Pradesh</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=37" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Spécial:EditPage/Uttar Pradesh">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&action=edit&section=38" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="ouvrage" id="site_officiel" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="wd_p856"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.up.gov.in/">Site officiel</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498?uselang=fr#P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upgov.nic.in/">Site du gouvernement de l'Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la géographie<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/loc-30187.html"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mindat.org</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la musique<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/842ce4dd-4e61-420d-aabf-f3005487ce60"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">MusicBrainz</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/uttar-pradesh"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Uttar_Pradesh/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/uttar-pradesh_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Uttar%2BPradesh.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0068753.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=63528"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3991968"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/uttar-pradesh"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Uttar_Pradesh"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/uttar-pradesh"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/uttar-pradesh/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/237706282">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119463735">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119463735">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80125998">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4062226-5">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559777705171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/xx0084211">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-125998">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#ffa900;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27Inde" title="Modèle:Palette États et territoires de l'Inde"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27Inde&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Inde"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Inde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27Inde" title="États et territoires de l'Inde">États et territoires</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffcc99;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27Inde" title="États et territoires de l'Inde">États</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#ffffff;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengale-Occidental" title="Bengale-Occidental">Bengale-Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karn%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Karnāṭaka">Karnāṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendjab_(Inde)" title="Pendjab (Inde)">Pendjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:India_grey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_grey.svg/60px-India_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_grey.svg/90px-India_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_grey.svg/120px-India_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1868" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffcc99;"><a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_l%27Union" title="Territoire de l'Union">Territoires</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ffffff;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Andaman-et-Nicobar" title="Îles Andaman-et-Nicobar">Îles Andaman-et-Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_et_Nagar_Haveli_et_Daman_et_Diu" title="Dadra et Nagar Haveli et Daman et Diu">Dadra et Nagar Haveli et Daman et Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu-et-Cachemire_(territoire_de_l%27Union)" title="Jammu-et-Cachemire (territoire de l'Union)">Jammu-et-Cachemire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Pondich%C3%A9ry" title="Territoire de Pondichéry">Pondichéry</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background:#ffcc99;" colspan="3"><div class="liste-horizontale">Voir aussi : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9organisations_des_%C3%89tats_indiens" title="Réorganisations des États indiens">Réorganisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_embl%C3%A8mes_des_%C3%89tats_d%27Inde" title="Liste des emblèmes des États d'Inde">Emblèmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_(Inde)" title="Gouverneur (Inde)">Gouverneurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministre_en_chef_(Inde)" title="Ministre en chef (Inde)">Ministres en chef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Inde" title="Portail de l’Inde"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/50px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/66px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Inde" title="Portail:Inde">Portail de l’Inde</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&oldid=220089458">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uttar_Pradesh&oldid=220089458</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Uttar_Pradesh" title="Catégorie:Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_g%C3%A9olocalis%C3%A9e_par_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Page géolocalisée par Wikidata">Page géolocalisée par Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_g%C3%A9olocalis%C3%A9_en_Inde" title="Catégorie:Article géolocalisé en Inde">Article géolocalisé en Inde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_avec_une_section_vide_ou_incompl%C3%A8te" title="Catégorie:Article avec une section vide ou incomplète">Article avec une section vide ou incomplète</a></li><li><a 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