CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91340f7a6dc5d083',cH: 'S8BAoe_qy9PIr8xp2jUqttrbsI8xRaeaesz5Nj.3TXA-1739777304-1.2.1.1-c4xjB1nDDtVZI2OJd32xCLhNhmVNoLa5Q8MqC6Y4Co4BOivZ4QMMu8Ki7Z8Mk20d',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=pneumothorax&__cf_chl_tk=MExl6g3GR2gtUunDIbMz_TbGqng1P.NtPLMDTp0S6wY-1739777304-1.0.1.1-sEhBqoQijyrJG0xntHqMaO.pMMu1vd2PXJW2.qy9akk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777304',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=pneumothorax&__cf_chl_f_tk=MExl6g3GR2gtUunDIbMz_TbGqng1P.NtPLMDTp0S6wY-1739777304-1.0.1.1-sEhBqoQijyrJG0xntHqMaO.pMMu1vd2PXJW2.qy9akk",md: "VZg14ESCuw8SMPFFinkGYXItXD2rgd8jFGpj7.iAHp8-1739777304-1.2.1.1-mxW7QZPOEVLxzxs.NXKTM6kefVPiqIKNbHYkRBvVV5UPNoJBH2DIzEwGZx9FYvuZEmjUbOXo.rF9afw1N5ndw_1gkC1Y2Hl722KFu42e1EOffhMC_K.bjLpEjzt.TU37wY9lqMG9wtE28N89HRwGKiC4K3ib.MIx1RytFgXOBPr3zutjRCTdC8YVe79LDXQ.L7dKLuM9rzco5VPTsFVOmH7xr931o5FZAd4vlkViQIGpQ8iM9RdxVBTGQ3fajtkI28ef6qfCmRauPYXjyiydpDQh.a.1WRA6yvSDmVXFACYybDHHMj705M8b8mbV2Eejhcw.BzS8dECPyDVn92hQaaYuqrmTk6jWL1WzyLN_HzbSQnHYSKmcIJj04bNkNTS13HApzJqz.RVdrLj34dyQn28NxYxP.FJQ94W4YfPyvbEgRvbQehQRGZikfN6KXA4Wycq0l68DI5Lev1A0lCYk7etOpd..33GdMIUMiOotdiCvbp_nKQ4bZueeyaAP8Iu_oEj5WUtkV0gOLSl9NNOZSiQO9ZMG667i2REi5UASshMQwD6hcJ4lTSnxtoyBHkSe3DZ.PGSI1ugqujAd9cbd.8kSGRom3Y3kTUD6wWXCQBc3qWW_AyFL5mT2RfUlTBLyU5GUwj6iy24bP1a.7VpqK6HqDk2a2aHND36fRIvjKPZfH160MWHsuWf11TzSW8WF4P.upj.07A5Dpg0sl923lJHB_NJh20YWT9n9M7IWYPmG7fBRMtOnvIkk16H7X1D_KGKPTJnYu3kxRfa0IlNxbKhSRTi5b4biEgsfbc7ROfMrqUbDV8RG3U7knXrVhniKjFTVt.M9F8NPwZaoWl88SdQ1ZABwrRzaujnUL1W0U4sUrlV8.I41ggzOg5D4Ftmpl6gYgHrIn8Zqdmw.RnwLHEY1khflIM1hLOKV9j9dD7JuTHLSNAzuNSdHhdJGVO1XnggJsM7HaKnR3Ryj2XrpJb.kerjhAmq6DJ2gY7ulFtAGlc.ShRVty8.ewE_HQj5qZUFlt7XvFL4L64igKqANZjRysEaiRGJggysMrkCvEYFap6pKd6WdJw1umHR5vDMPhcEdi9sMLN4rbLyOi7ox5fMAIn1HlzVvYJAMapkID3IegRBSfoJ7egoYZxhRCON.8DyziP36Ha.O_P40r2cQ0izqpcJs1y7MjclUMOOb2kIYz366RPL6yw_q3RpcMeJlwEbbwJjuLIA_qIJp6Qxkv4xTzHunpZvXqbaRNW.PcvnmFwJsnZegJ0WP6F_LimKgOI6N.uBIFpcA2xeg1j8W.gCJiz2pV.OMn0yUyIEbkG9hQJ4JT11bTf32GTxU1POOP.ue5lOma5shLxSyKgGBuCsJjDBKOGHG9lO29mrprKi48JiNpqaBqhVsIfbP5sUaFAVhbrhhlx5ivrb98B.Y_vFaMW_GJEp_YXClvkISBqqIbStbYh9QVzUWO9YWTX9L7cAfD3iaMnacur9HcZJHreTAXiMlyEMB_Ku7L6wBJHL67tuNhh3Lno6fvViK7Jvu8YJNQZyUQHVvjcqDhi5pK1DicIfm0Q0PmDpLDR8p5h28C4OhkUJY0dwW_ZEeAeMgGRXL__VUVNu1b7Kko26sQqRtwgROjZy_vWXsVJQDI0nYXraoo0iimpzMdjxcu66DFWvcN6x8hHN5RwGCpgGqYC0ov1bju_MErPprgUQJgAlC2uo0bh4jc2h6rjoCBq9WMn79.Qbtbjrf7vlqEXLFgYDyGytsoNV1tLmLRO8zedYsGxnGbx2TlnPmPx6tjjo3NBmA5lbOxv6i_s4W91grbeI7KecvQSPyqWMxPILKv10W.WbteKHeIuaDDbajV1iBZP9GwThpJ8FPBUae1w_yvfejeWCC2K8OeyKqxLXCFUXOpfKbx8iVdEBzwL1s1c1YTyI8_Zb9sxbGmKquZ3vXpw",mdrd: "CXXUgA4z5nthIHrqcHfFInSG9WEJo2o855ybm.fckBc-1739777304-1.2.1.1-EeTuPLqwP1FyT2baDbsba.m72UwYgH8mXH3aiEgzPHXNnyc2ibArFnt5FxG2LA_w302nLi9RIb4RUivAozKgd.mZufuAkI8_nEYbWCg4l6O8gJ0KtUZIZlinnXix6lKsqCvddIqxSE.4WZRu8XPuoj2yEoC2bn4V3kGN8Sdo2slYqwYfNevwROpR60CSBmeVx3jn.NhRVOXiaNd2TSGsjRZPoj1_3EbrtCwVgxSiMbll8evRsZJFT8VmKLrDbCghyvCjzf_rotFjiIUoW.quTDiBSt4Ht3J5Ipfb6lSDAijhbnmIDBH2WHC0IrnHazFU1KEWRVe9vHMXIsqXcR7ZvzZWxDy4UvDCOqero0DgAxA4NJRvNvzeBT8YmfxTApkQT3bOz7UKsLLith2webOPwvYEvfpU9Gqb0qQuzBekpNxgJXYscL6g793je0kkKZ89E8v2XtrdbAgr0_FIMj2BGe5deNJKUyS8Qer4TZ3Eo7gbI4ZZws4LLWVK42s62kO.MWa3n7HkOmjv4JSJAKkRrTebTJxgGLEOjnhNovNJTvefm2jR7Y_9t8GPhsvqaEYDskUe2iJme3XKufXmYQx1wCG4FufPm5zkZlVSjPA7svQm0GednVVn27DPlPU_Nk6g1WAyNCNkoVNSfjgUeAERsq5ffo5wY1jT18JjjqEjwiXR.PO2ouMJ3SiCpmP.4F7X8cxK81R3SXgCJ0PL9iqqdYL3wyxMSQnmVlFrF1iBjDd4U..SEZ9FJTwC.xKXKOZ.SBQQCYx0JFQqnjw.TS0uYqgSaXYgTLQOyvf5zEknsxXgtxWEUfqYYS1g0wnvtVpTjV7LbV9KXgosKra_OrsOpatQcyo7dA1iknCGd_LYxSLH5L8rO6fuHDXlOCXt.QYs7.Yue57wuXKU_46bPilJynWIqz6zO_5jnnFmp1IUEyeeg_bszvBza_HsCXKylBGoSOLgTNaV4jRxEQlDvLqGbknY5LRAxv6SiTO_qFuTBVAbf4gmEEnTjbizITC5qUNG0Vy.vStp_q16v52oYC2qVXYdOej1PQcbN2GSA.d9NsPZSq38UDKR3KeJJg4kAm2unmQMLiGswX1w7O6RZeY_9VQNc6.uKdtrOA3R_p6__jMAsCH5KpIFkv0c6TJKZkqAkaiVPmF9EsfQt1goFYJTAT2lEJlqBsUqP06NJxVP.D9dWmZltwD9cdXMVlVqaQ2gljBmLxqHOZd2oELQZBjdo0hXR05l5lqtVLlP1xpJB3bz4fDvo5Xd85QtA4xEM.ynGOexPJAD5bm7e4B4MaB0MVA3oZ50eoPJcKOauhEOydI05zG3KIDQsxNGLoq6P7uFyEHteiUZCE2Fj_VYAUivd7rraWo2KmgBEfb5cXinSaAqi1K0hGjXbyuB3GLWfSMqbCUmNoV5mh_uivJi01gAVo4u5sANW_HbTONYhG4dopIUnx94JyEqvP3TITRGBghqzrbxXnjXbolEwNepZ9Aqxjf.iYHJv35oWapAsJ_6aSqs5CLlPqZ6vkxBQTsBOaa9.UrK6C.W9.XDX22qy.g5XeUw0mE6Ug1ZFTa5q_NZv9e3zsAauN4.MaNs_yBxNegU1WfhOL7xIV0Iet707x4hT40uehsZolhAkiiDFxUFZqU193PQ56FHm0E24OVkoh_cO.NuwUwsdsmZkBWY5b36sApN5yPKWDnezwgeZv0968ckGHjWLqFVDKkc_8yOvm1bQiu2zcx1h28kuDafcV1rB5mDd6YHuzAEy_tRlyJ1raiojMIUrd_Qrch1QR4SBpcA_dgssONTYsg7EIXihd_jLswilJvxcPkccWKOYXXUdmewIyPxD8.mV2DKUKISBe4nNSk8Ltj5vOdCtioSn35MEo3L81DzoL3tBcc2CBv2.f57tggxEzvUFcic5S_YmkluD1t5uDIGzeSlksVfocngEd.KbhX22dnQl703W_G16a_DhKWzr4qbJEc1xOMcKib0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91340f7a6dc5d083';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=pneumothorax&__cf_chl_rt_tk=MExl6g3GR2gtUunDIbMz_TbGqng1P.NtPLMDTp0S6wY-1739777304-1.0.1.1-sEhBqoQijyrJG0xntHqMaO.pMMu1vd2PXJW2.qy9akk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>