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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Viri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Viri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glej_tudi" 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Membranski potencial</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 42 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="جهد غشائي – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهد غشائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranski_potencijal" title="Membranski potencijal – bosanščina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Membranski potencijal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_membrana" title="Potencial de membrana – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potencial de membrana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%B5%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95" title="پۆتەنشڵی پەردە – osrednja kurdščina" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆتەنشڵی پەردە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="osrednja kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membr%C3%A1nov%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Membránový potenciál – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Membránový potenciál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranpotential" title="Membranpotential – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Membranpotential" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Μεμβρανικό δυναμικό – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεμβρανικό δυναμικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_potential" title="Membrane potential – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Membrane potential" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_membrana" title="Potencial de membrana – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potencial de membrana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membraanipotentsiaal" title="Membraanipotentsiaal – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Membraanipotentsiaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mintz_potentzial" title="Mintz potentzial – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mintz potentzial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="پتانسیل غشا – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتانسیل غشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalvoj%C3%A4nnite" title="Kalvojännite – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalvojännite" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiel_%C3%A9lectrochimique_de_membrane" title="Potentiel électrochimique de membrane – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potentiel électrochimique de membrane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poit%C3%A9inseal_scann%C3%A1in" title="Poitéinseal scannáin – irščina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poitéinseal scannáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_membrana" title="Potencial de membrana – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Potencial de membrana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5" title="झिल्ली विभव – hindijščina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="झिल्ली विभव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potensial_membran" title="Potensial membran – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Potensial membran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADldarspenna" title="Hvíldarspenna – islandščina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvíldarspenna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenziale_di_membrana" title="Potenziale di membrana – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potenziale di membrana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%9C%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D" title="膜電位 – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="膜電位" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potensial_membran" title="Potensial membran – javanščina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Potensial membran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%89_%EC%A0%84%EC%9C%84" title="막 전위 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="막 전위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембраналык потенциал – kirgiščina" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мембраналык потенциал" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембрански потенцијал – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мембрански потенцијал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keupayaan_membran" title="Keupayaan membran – malajščina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keupayaan membran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membraanpotentiaal" title="Membraanpotentiaal – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Membraanpotentiaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranpotensial" title="Membranpotensial – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Membranpotensial" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencja%C5%82_b%C5%82onowy" title="Potencjał błonowy – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Potencjał błonowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_el%C3%A9trico_de_membrana" title="Potencial elétrico de membrana – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potencial elétrico de membrana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_de_membran%C4%83" title="Potențial de membrană – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Potențial de membrană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембранный потенциал – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мембранный потенциал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranski_potencijal" title="Membranski potencijal – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Membranski potencijal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membr%C3%A1nov%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Membránový potenciál – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Membránový potenciál" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембрански потенцијал – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мембрански потенцијал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranpotential" title="Membranpotential – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Membranpotential" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranong_potensiyal" title="Membranong potensiyal – tagalogščina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Membranong potensiyal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran_potansiyeli" title="Membran potansiyeli – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Membran potansiyeli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мембранний потенціал – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мембранний потенціал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BF_m%C3%A0ng" title="Điện thế màng – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện thế màng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%9C%E7%94%B5%E4%BD%8D" title="膜电位 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="膜电位" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%9C%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D" title="膜電位 – kantonščina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="膜電位" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q389844#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Membranski</b> ali <b>transmembranski potencial</b> je <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_napetost" title="Električna napetost">električna napetost</a> oz. razlika <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_potencial" title="Električni potencial">električnega potenciala</a> med notranjostjo in zunanjostjo <a href="/wiki/Celica" title="Celica">celice</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (V_{znotraj}-V_{zunaj})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>z</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>z</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (V_{znotraj}-V_{zunaj})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c10692e87043594dc322994e5fb66583083485f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.503ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (V_{znotraj}-V_{zunaj})}"></span> Ta količina je posledica razlike v <a href="/wiki/Koncentracija" title="Koncentracija">koncentracijah</a> različnih <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">nabitih</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionov</a> na obeh straneh <a href="/wiki/Celi%C4%8Dna_membrana" title="Celična membrana">celične membrane</a>, ki sicer prepušča le nenabite snovi. Razliko uravnavata dva tipa membranskih <a href="/wiki/Beljakovina" title="Beljakovina">beljakovin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ionski_kanal%C4%8Dek" title="Ionski kanalček">ionski kanalčki</a> prepuščajo nabite ione v smeri elektrokemijskega gradienta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionska_%C4%8Drpalka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionska črpalka (stran ne obstaja)">ionske črpalke</a> pa s porabo kemične energije (v obliki <a href="/wiki/Adenozin_trifosfat" title="Adenozin trifosfat">ATP</a>) črpajo ione v nasprotni smeri. Najbolj prispevajo k membranskemu potencialu <a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">natrijevi</a> (Na<sup>+</sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Klorid" title="Klorid">kloridni</a> (Cl<sup>-</sup>) ioni z višjo koncentracijo v zunajceličnem prostoru in <a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">kalijevi</a> (K<sup>+</sup>) ioni ter negativno nabite beljakovine v <a href="/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol">citosolu</a>, v nekaterih priložnostih pa igrajo pomembno vlogo tudi <a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">kalcijevi</a> (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) ioni. V seštevku je notranjost celice v normalnih okoliščinah negativno nabita v primerjavi z zunanjostjo, konkretna vrednost potenciala pa je odvisna od tipa celice. Tej osnovni vrednosti pravimo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirovni_membranski_potencial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirovni membranski potencial (stran ne obstaja)">mirovni membranski potencial</a> in znaša pri različnih tipih celic med -20 in -100 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">milivoltov</a>. </p><p>Pojav ima v živih celicah dve osnovni vlogi. Povzroči, da membrana deluje kot <a href="/wiki/Kondenzator" title="Kondenzator">kondenzator</a> in zagotavlja energijo za delovanje različnih molekularnih procesov (v ta namen se številne beljakovine, ki katalizirajo biokemijske reakcije, nahajajo v membrani). Poenostavljeno lahko tako sistem ponazorimo kot <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_vezje" class="mw-redirect" title="Električno vezje">električno vezje</a>, v katerem sta vzporedno vezana kondenzator in <a href="/wiki/Upor_(elektrotehnika)" title="Upor (elektrotehnika)">upor</a> (ta predstavlja ionske kanalčke) in omogoča sklepanje o vrednosti potenciala, če so znane koncentracije udeleženih ionov. </p><p>Obstaja pa tudi nekaj posebnih tipov celic, ki jim pravimo <a href="/wiki/Vzdra%C5%BEnost" title="Vzdražnost">vzdražne</a> celice; med njimi so nevroni, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miocita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miocita (stran ne obstaja)">mišične celice</a> in elektrocite v <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_organ" title="Električni organ">električnih organih</a> rib. Pri njih dovolj velika sprememba mirovnega membranskega potenciala sproži množično odprtje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napetostno_odvisni_ionski_kanal%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napetostno odvisni ionski kanalček (stran ne obstaja)">napetostno odvisnih ionskih kanalčkov</a>. To povzroči razmeroma velik <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_tok" title="Električni tok">električni tok</a> preko membrane in depolarizacijo - približanje razlike napetosti ničli. V nevronih je to kratkotrajna sprememba, ki se zgodi po načelu vse-ali-nič in ji pravimo <a href="/wiki/Akcijski_potencial" title="Akcijski potencial">akcijski potencial</a>, služi pa za prenos signalov preko celice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viri">Viri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membranski_potencial&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Viri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membranski_potencial&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Viri"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980307">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«""›""‹"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRandall,_D.J._s_sod.2002" class="citation book cs1">Randall, D.J. s sod. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eckertanimalphys00rand"><i>Eckert Animal Physiology</i></a> (5. izd.). W.H. Freeman & Co. <a href="/wiki/Vzajemni_bibliografski_sistem_COBISS" title="Vzajemni bibliografski sistem COBISS">COBISS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/bib/1035599">1035599</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/0-7167-3863-5" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/0-7167-3863-5"><bdi>0-7167-3863-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Eckert+Animal+Physiology&rft.edition=5.&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman+%26+Co&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.cobiss.net%2Fcobiss%2Fsi%2Fsl%2Fbib%2F1035599%23full%23id-name%3DCOBISS&rft.isbn=0-7167-3863-5&rft.au=Randall%2C+D.J.+s+sod.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feckertanimalphys00rand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMembranski+potencial" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glej_tudi">Glej tudi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membranski_potencial&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Glej tudi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membranski_potencial&action=edit&section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Glej tudi"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nernstov_potencial" title="Nernstov potencial">Nernstov potencial</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Normativna_kontrola" title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola">Normativna kontrola: Narodne knjižnice</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389844#identifiers" title="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih"><img alt="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4128755-1">Nemčija</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007409116505171">Izrael</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2015000178">ZDA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5570670">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg/30px-Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg/45px-Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg/60px-Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Ta <a href="/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija">biološki</a> članek je <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:%C5%A0krbina" title="Wikipedija:Škrbina">škrbina</a>. 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