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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristiske_træk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristiske_træk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Karakteristiske træk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristiske_træk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Karakteristiske træk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristiske_træk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kemi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kemi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fodnoter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fodnoter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fodnoter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fodnoter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Germanium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 146 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ጀርማኒየም – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርማኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chermanio" title="Chermanio – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chermanio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جيرمانيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xermaniu" title="Xermaniu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xermaniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="ژرمانیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژرمانیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rmanium" title="Gérmanium – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gérmanium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermaniyo" title="Hermaniyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hermaniyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Германій – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Германій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Герман – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Герман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဇျာမေနီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဇျာမေနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="জার্মেনিয়াম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মেনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མི་ནིམ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མི་ནིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniom" title="Germaniom – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Germaniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Germanij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="جێرمانیۆم – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جێرمانیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniwm" title="Germaniwm – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Germaniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γερμάνιο – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμάνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniumo" title="Germaniumo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germaniumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ژرمانیم – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژرمانیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – færøsk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermani" title="Gjermani – friulisk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjermani" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearm%C3%A1iniam" title="Gearmáiniam – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gearmáiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearmainium" title="Gearmainium – skotsk gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gearmainium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xermanio" title="Xermanio – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xermanio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="જર્મેનિયમ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મેનિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – hakka-kinesisk" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גרמניום – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Germanij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A8many%C3%B2m" title="Jèmanyòm – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jèmanyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Germánium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գերմանիում – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ゲルマニウム – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲルマニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotyjinme" title="dotyjinme – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotyjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniyum" title="Germaniyum – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Germaniyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გერმანიუმი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%9Br%C9%A9man%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Zɛrɩmanɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Zɛrɩmanɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜರ್ಮೇನಿಯಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮೇನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EB%A7%88%EB%8A%84" title="저마늄 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저마늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany%C3%BBm" title="Germanyûm – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Germanyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniom" title="Germaniom – cornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Germaniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A0nio" title="Germànio – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Germànio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanis" title="Germanis – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Germanis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C4%81nijs" title="Germānijs – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Germānijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermani%C3%B4ma" title="Zermaniôma – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zermaniôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Германиум – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ജെർമേനിയം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെർമേനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Германи – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Германи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျာမေနီယမ် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမေနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਜਰਮੇਨੀਅਮ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮੇਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani_(element)" title="Germani (element) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Germani (element)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="جرمینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Germânio – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Germânio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhirmanyu" title="Qhirmanyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhirmanyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu – arumænsk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A0niu" title="Germàniu – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Germàniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girmaniu" title="Girmaniu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Girmaniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanijum" title="Germanijum – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Germanijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Germánium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Germanij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermaaniyaam" title="Jermaaniyaam – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jermaaniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniumi" title="Germaniumi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Germaniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Германијум – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Германијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rmanium" title="Gérmanium – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gérmanium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerimani" title="Gerimani – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gerimani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="செருமேனியம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செருமேனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="జెర్మేనియం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జెర్మేనియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เจอร์เมเนียม – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจอร์เมเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermanyo" title="Hermanyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hermanyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyum" title="Germanyum – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Germanyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="گېرمانىي – uygurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گېرمانىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uygurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Германій – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Германій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="جرمانیئم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمانیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniy" title="Germaniy – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Germaniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanii_(himine_element)" title="Germanii (himine element) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Germanii (himine element)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyo" title="Germanyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Germanyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Германион – kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Германион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גערמאניום – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גערמאניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81rm%C3%A1n%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%C3%B9" title="Jẹ́rmáníọ́mù – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jẹ́rmáníọ́mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BA" title="鍺 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鍺" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BA" title="鍺 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鍺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmGwangaza" title="UmGwangaza – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmGwangaza" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q867#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" 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title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div 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class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germanium"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Germanium" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Germanium" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&oldid=11973954" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Germanium&id=11973954&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGermanium"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGermanium"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Germanium"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Germanium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Germanium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q867" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11833479">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#AED1DB;">Germanium</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Germanium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Germanium.jpg/250px-Germanium.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Germanium.jpg/375px-Germanium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Germanium.jpg/500px-Germanium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="714" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Grå hvid</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;"><a href="/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system">Periodiske system</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><center> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brint" title="Brint"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 1: Hydrogen (H), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="30"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 2: Helium (He), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 4: Beryllium (Be), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="24"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(grundstof)" title="Bor (grundstof)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 5: Bor (B), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 6: Carbon (C), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A6lstof" title="Kvælstof"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 7: Nitrogen (N), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ilt" title="Ilt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 8: Oxygen (O), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 10: Neon (Ne), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 12: Magnesium (Mg), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="24"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 13: Aluminium (Al), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 14: Silicium (Si), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 15: Phosphor (P), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Svovl" title="Svovl"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 16: Svovl (S), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 18: Argon (Ar), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 20: Calcium (Ca), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 21: Scandium (Sc), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="14"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(grundstof)" title="Titan (grundstof)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 22: Titan (Ti), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 23: Vanadium (V), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 24: Chrom (Cr), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 25: Mangan (Mn), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 26: Jern (Fe), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 27: Cobalt (Co), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 28: Nikkel (Ni), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 29: Kobber (Cu), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 30: Zink (Zn), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 31: Gallium (Ga), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 32: Germanium (Ge), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 33: Arsen (As), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 34: Selen (Se), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 36: Krypton (Kr), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 38: Strontium (Sr), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 39: Yttrium (Y), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="14"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 40: Zirconium (Zr), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 41: Niobium (Nb), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A6n" title="Molybdæn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 42: Molybdæn (Mo), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 43: Technetium (Tc), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 45: Rhodium (Rh), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 46: Palladium (Pd), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 47: Sølv (Ag), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 48: Cadmium (Cd), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 49: Indium (In), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 50: Tin (Sn), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 51: Antimon (Sb), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 52: Tellur (Te), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 53: Iod (I), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 54: Xenon (Xe), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6sium" title="Cæsium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 55: Cæsium (Cs), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 56: Barium (Ba), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 57: Lanthan (La), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 58: Cerium (Ce), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 72: Hafnium (Hf), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 73: Tantal (Ta), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 74: Wolfram (W), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 75: Rhenium (Re), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 76: Osmium (Os), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 77: Iridium (Ir), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 78: Platin (Pt), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Guld" title="Guld"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 79: Guld (Au), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kviks%C3%B8lv" title="Kviksølv"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 80: Kviksølv (Hg), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 81: Thallium (Tl), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 82: Bly (Pb), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 83: Bismuth (Bi), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 84: Polonium (Po), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 85: Astat (At), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 86: Radon (Rn), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 88: Radium (Ra), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 89: Actinium (Ac), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 90: Thorium (Th), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 92: Uran (U), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 95: Americium (Am), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 96: Curium (Cm), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 98: Californium (Cf), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 102: Nobelium (No), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 105: Dubnium (Db), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 107: Bohrium (Bh), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 108: Hassium (Hs), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 109: Meitnerium (Mt), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenium" title="Røntgenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 111: Røntgenium (Rg), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 112: Copernicium (Cn), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 113: Nihonium (Nh), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 114: Flerovium (Fl), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 115: Moscovium (Mc), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 116: Livermorium (Lv), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tennessin" title="Tennessin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 117: Tennessin (Ts)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 118: Oganesson (Og), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></center></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;">Generelt</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomtegn" title="Atomtegn">Atomtegn</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">Atomnummer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">32</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfiguration" title="Elektronkonfiguration">Elektronkonfiguration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 4 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Elektronskal_32.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elektroner i hver skal: 2, 8, 18, 4. Klik for større billede."><img alt="Elektroner i hver skal: 2, 8, 18, 4. Klik for større billede." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Elektronskal_32.svg/20px-Elektronskal_32.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Elektronskal_32.svg/30px-Elektronskal_32.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Elektronskal_32.svg/40px-Elektronskal_32.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gruppe_(periodiske_system)" title="Gruppe (periodiske system)">Gruppe</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 (<a href="/wiki/Halvmetal" title="Halvmetal">Halvmetal</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(periodiske_system)" title="Periode (periodiske system)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(periodiske_system)" title="Blok (periodiske system)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data">p</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS-nummer" title="CAS-nummer">CAS-nummer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-56-4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;">Atomare egenskaber</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">72,64</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">122 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals-radius" title="Van der Waals-radius">Van der Waals-radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">211 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfiguration" title="Elektronkonfiguration">Elektronkonfiguration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>] 3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elektroner i hver skal</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniseringspotentiale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioniseringspotentiale (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ioniseringspotentiale</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1. ioniseringspotentiale</th><td class="infobox-data">762 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2. ioniseringspotentiale</th><td class="infobox-data">1537,5 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">3. ioniseringspotentiale</th><td class="infobox-data">3302,1 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;"><a href="/wiki/Kemisk_egenskab" title="Kemisk egenskab">Kemiske egenskaber</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oxidationstrin" title="Oxidationstrin">Oxidationstrin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>4</b>, 3, <b>2</b>, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet">Elektronegativitet</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,01 (Paulings skala)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;"><a href="/wiki/Fysisk_egenskab" title="Fysisk egenskab">Fysiske egenskaber</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tilstandsform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilstandsform">Tilstandsform</a></th><td class="infobox-data">fast</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Krystalstruktur" title="Krystalstruktur">Krystalstruktur</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Diamant kubisk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Massefylde" title="Massefylde">Massefylde</a> (fast stof)</th><td class="infobox-data">5,323 g·cm<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Massefylde" title="Massefylde">Massefylde</a> (væske)</th><td class="infobox-data">5,60 g·cm<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Smeltepunkt" title="Smeltepunkt">Smeltepunkt</a></th><td class="infobox-data">938,25 °C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kogepunkt" title="Kogepunkt">Kogepunkt</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2833 °C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Varmeledningsevne" class="mw-redirect" title="Varmeledningsevne">Varmeledningsevne</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(27 °C) 60,2 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Varmeudvidelseskoefficient" title="Varmeudvidelseskoefficient">Varmeudvidelseskoeff.</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,0 µm/(m·K)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetiske_egenskaber" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetiske egenskaber">Magnetiske egenskaber</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetisme" title="Diamagnetisme">Diamagnetisk</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;">Mekaniske egenskaber</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Youngs_modul" title="Youngs modul">Youngs modul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">103 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Forskydningsmodul" title="Forskydningsmodul">Forskydningsmodul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kompressibilitetsmodul" title="Kompressibilitetsmodul">Kompressibilitetsmodul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">75 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Poissons_forhold" title="Poissons forhold">Poissons forhold</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0,26</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5rdhed_(metal)" title="Hårdhed (metal)">Hårdhed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mohs%27_skala" title="Mohs' skala">Mohs' skala</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">6,0</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11746895">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Infoboks_grundstof" title="Skabelon:Infoboks grundstof"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/wiki/Skabelondiskussion:Infoboks_grundstof" title="Skabelondiskussion:Infoboks grundstof"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Infoboks_grundstof" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Infoboks grundstof"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Germanium</b> er det <a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">32.</a> <a href="/wiki/Grundstof" title="Grundstof">grundstof</a> i det <a href="/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system">periodiske system</a>, og har det <a href="/wiki/Kemisk_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemisk symbol">kemiske symbol</a> <b>Ge</b>. Det er et skinnende, hårdt, gråhvidt <a href="/wiki/Halvmetal" title="Halvmetal">halvmetal</a> som står i gruppe 14, og har en del ligheder med dets to gruppenaboer <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> og <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a>. Germanium har fem naturligt forekommende <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a> med <a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">atommasser</a> fra 70 til 76. Germanium indgår i et stort antal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organometal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organometal (ikke skrevet endnu)">organometaliske</a> forbindelser, bl.a. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraethylgerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraethylgerman (ikke skrevet endnu)">tetraethylgerman</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isobutylgerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isobutylgerman (ikke skrevet endnu)">isobutylgerman</a>. </p><p>Germanium er relativt udbredt i <a href="/wiki/Skorpe_(geologi)#Jordens_skorpe" title="Skorpe (geologi)">jordens skorpe</a>, men i forhold til udbredelsen blev germanium opdaget sent, hvilket skyldes, at der kun findes få <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineraler</a> hvor det indgår i større koncentrationer. <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejev" title="Dmitrij Mendelejev">Dmitrij Mendelejev</a> postulerede i <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a> germaniums eksistens, samt nogen af dets egenskaber, baseret på positionen i Mendelejevs <a href="/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system">periodiske system</a>. Han kaldte grundstoffet <i>eka-silicium</i>. Næsten to årtier senere, i <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>, fandt tyskeren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Winkler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Winkler (ikke skrevet endnu)">Clemens Winkler</a> germanium i mineralet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argyrodit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argyrodit (ikke skrevet endnu)">argyrodit</a> (germanium(IV)octasølv(I)sulfid, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Ag<sub>8</sub>GeS<sub>6</sub></span>). Winklers eksperimentelle undersøgelser af det nye grundstof var i overensstemmelse med Mendelejevs forudsigelser. Winkler opkaldte det nye grundstof efter sit hjemland, <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>. </p><p>Germanium er et vigtigt <a href="/wiki/Halvleder" title="Halvleder">halvledermateriale</a> som bruges i <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistorer</a> og andet elektronik. Dets største brug er til <a href="/wiki/Optisk_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Optisk fiber">optiske fibre</a> og <a href="/wiki/Infrar%C3%B8d" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrarød">infrarød</a> optik, og har også fundet anvendelsen til katalysatorer til <a href="/wiki/Polymerisering" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymerisering">polymerisering</a>. Germanium udvindes primært fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphalerit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphalerit (ikke skrevet endnu)">sphalerit</a>-malme (zink(II)sulfid, ZnS), men fås også fra <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">sølv</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">bly</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">kobbermalme</a>. Visse germaniumforbindelser kan irritere øjnene, huden, lungerne og halsen. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> blev det rapporteret at det er muligt at lave et-atomige lag af germanium kaldet <a href="/wiki/Germanen" title="Germanen">germanen</a>, der har nogle af de samme egenskaber som <a href="/wiki/Grafen" title="Grafen">grafen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historie"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Winkler_Clemens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Et billede af en byste af en middelaldrene mand med et hvidt skæg og gråt overskæg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Winkler_Clemens.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Winkler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Winkler (ikke skrevet endnu)">Clemens Winkler</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="En gammel mand med et grå-hvidt skæg sidder ved et bord, og holder en gammel åben bog i skødet. Han har en rød-blå trøje og en kvardratisk hat på hovedet. Der er to gamle tykke bøger på bordet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/220px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/330px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/440px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejev" title="Dmitrij Mendelejev">Dmitrij Mendelejev</a></figcaption></figure> <p><br /> <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejev" title="Dmitrij Mendelejev">Dmitrij Mendelejev</a> postulerede i sin rapport <i>Den periodiske lov over kemiske grundstoffer</i> fra 1869, eksistensen af adskillige ukendte grundstoffer, heriblandt et grundstof mellem <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> i det periodiske system,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som han kaldte Eka-silicium (Es) efter dets placering. Han postulerede at det havde en <a href="/wiki/Atomv%C3%A6gt" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomvægt">atomvægt</a> på 72. </p><p>I 1886 i en mine nær <a href="/wiki/Freiberg_(Sachsen)" title="Freiberg (Sachsen)">Freiberg, Sachsen</a> blev et nyt <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> opdaget, som blev kaldt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argyrodit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argyrodit (ikke skrevet endnu)">argyrodit</a> pga. dets høje <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">sølvindhold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Winkler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Winkler (ikke skrevet endnu)">Clemens Winkler</a> undersøgte mineralet i 1886 og det lykkedes ham at isolere et nyt grundstof med egenskaber som var beslægtet med <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winkle2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkle2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isolation_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isolation-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Før Winkler offentliggjorde sine resultater, var det hans tanke, at kalde dette nye grundstof for <i>neptunium</i>, fordi opdagelsen af planeten <a href="/wiki/Neptun_(planet)" title="Neptun (planet)">Neptun</a> i <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a> var sket vha. matematisk forudsigelse (beregning).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men, neptunium var allerede givet til et andet grundstof (dog ikke det grundstof som i dag bærer navnet <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> som blev opdaget i <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og i stedet kaldte Winkler det nye grundstof for <i>germanium</i> (fra <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>Germania</i>: <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>) til ære for sit fædreland.<sup id="cite_ref-isolation_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isolation-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Da grundstoffet har visse ligheder med <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a> var germaniums placering i det periodiske system til diskussion, men lighederne mellem Mendelejevs Eka-silicium og germanium afgjorde dets placering.<sup id="cite_ref-isolation_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isolation-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra yderligere 500 kg <a href="/wiki/Malm" title="Malm">malm</a> fra minen i Sachsen kunne Winkler i <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> bekræfte de kemiske egenskaber af det nye grundstof.<sup id="cite_ref-Winkle2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkle2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isolation_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isolation-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han bestemte også <a href="/wiki/Atomv%C3%A6gt" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomvægt">atomvægten</a> til 72,32 ved at analysere rent germaniumtetrachlorid, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeCl<sub>4</sub></span>. </p><p>Derudover syntetiserede Winkler adskillige nye forbindelser af germanium, bl.a. fluoridet, chloridet, sulfidet, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germaniumdioxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germaniumdioxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">germaniumdioxid</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeO<sub>2</sub></span>), og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraethylgerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraethylgerman (ikke skrevet endnu)">tetraethylgerman</a> (Ge(<a href="/wiki/Ethyl" title="Ethyl">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub></a>)<sub>4</sub>) den første organogerman-forbindelse.<sup id="cite_ref-Winkle2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkle2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De fysiske data for disse forbindelser var i overensstemmelse med Mendelejevs postulater og var en vigtig bekræftelse for Mendelejevs forslag til opstilling af grundstofferne efter egenskaber. Tabellen herunder sammenligner Mendelejevs postulater og Winklers data:<sup id="cite_ref-Winkle2_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkle2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="float: center; margin: 5px;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Egenskab</th> <th>Eka-silicium</th> <th>Germanium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a></td> <td>72</td> <td>72,59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Densitet">Densitet</a> (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td>5,5</td> <td>5,35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Smeltepunkt" title="Smeltepunkt">Smeltepunkt</a> (°C)</td> <td>højt</td> <td>947 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Farve</td> <td>grå</td> <td>grå </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">Oxidets</a> type</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refractory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refractory (ikke skrevet endnu)">refractory</a> dioxid</td> <td>refractory dioxid </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxidets densitet (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td>4,7</td> <td>4,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxidets aktivitet</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Base_(kemi)" title="Base (kemi)">svagt basisk</a></td> <td>svagt basisk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chloridets <a href="/wiki/Kogepunkt" title="Kogepunkt">kogepunkt</a> (°C)</td> <td>under 100</td> <td>86 (GeCl<sub>4</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chloridets densitet (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td>1,9</td> <td>1,9 </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Indtil slutningen af <a href="/wiki/1930%27erne" title="1930'erne">1930'erne</a> troede man, at germanium var en dårlig elektrisk leder.<sup id="cite_ref-DOE_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOE-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men i <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>, under <a href="/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig">2. verdenskrig</a>, begyndte <a href="/wiki/Germaniumdiode" class="mw-redirect" title="Germaniumdiode">germaniumdioder</a> at fortrænge <a href="/wiki/Elektronr%C3%B8r" title="Elektronrør">elektronrør</a> i elektronik.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dets første store brug var i <a href="/wiki/Schottky-diode" title="Schottky-diode">Schottky-dioden</a> som blev brugt til <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radarmodtagelse</a> under 2. verdenskrig.<sup id="cite_ref-DOE_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOE-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Først efter <a href="/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig">2. verdenskrig</a> blev germanium økonomisk vigtig, da dets egenskaber som <a href="/wiki/Halvleder" title="Halvleder">halvleder</a> blev anerkendt som værdifuld til elektronik. Den første <a href="/wiki/Siliciumgermanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Siliciumgermanium">siliciumgermanium</a> legering blev lavet i <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Før <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> blev der kun udvundet et par hundrede kilo af grundstoffet om året, men i slutningen af <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> var den årlige udvinding på verdensplan 40 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acs_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Med udviklingen af <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">germaniumtransistoren</a> i <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> blev døren åbnet til talrige applikationer indenfor <i>solid-state</i>elektronik.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra 1950 og indtil begyndelsen af <a href="/wiki/1970%27erne" title="1970'erne">1970'erne</a> var der et stigende marked for germanium, men derefter begyndte ultrarent <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a> langsomt at overtage germaniums rolle indenfor transistorer, <a href="/wiki/Diode" title="Diode">dioder</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ensretter" title="Ensretter">ensrettere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silicium har fremragende elektroniske egenskaber, men det kræver at det er ultrarent, og dette var ikke økonomisk rentabelt før 1970'erne.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I den efterfølgende periode er efterspørgslen på germanium steget markant, bl.a. til <a href="/wiki/Lysleder" title="Lysleder">lysledere</a>, infrarøde <i><a href="/wiki/Nattesyn" title="Nattesyn">night vision</a></i>-systemer, samt til <a href="/wiki/Katalysator_(kemi)" title="Katalysator (kemi)">katalysatorer</a> til<a href="/wiki/Polymerisering" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymerisering">polymerisering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acs_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse udgjorde i år <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> 85% af forbruget af germanium.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germanium adskiller sig fra silicium i tilgængeligheden, hvor forsyningen af silicium kun er begrænset af produktionskapaciteten, er germanium begrænset af de tilgængelige kilder. Dette afspejles af prisen, i 1998 kunne silicium købes for mindre end $10 per k,<sup id="cite_ref-acs_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i forhold til at 1 kg germanium kostede næsten $800.<sup id="cite_ref-acs_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristiske_træk"><span id="Karakteristiske_tr.C3.A6k"></span>Karakteristiske træk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Karakteristiske træk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Karakteristiske træk"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ved <a href="/wiki/Standardbetingelser" title="Standardbetingelser">standardbetingelser</a> er germanium et skørt, sølv-hvidt, halvleder grundstof.<sup id="cite_ref-nbb_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbb-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denne form er en af flere <a href="/wiki/Allotrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotrop">allotrope</a> former, og kaldes <i>α-germanium</i>, som har et metallisk skær og samme struktur som <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ved tryk på over 120 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(enhed)" title="Bar (enhed)">kbar</a> eksisterer germanium med en anden allotrop-form kendt som <i>β-germanium</i>, som har samme struktur som β-<a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sammen med <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vand" title="Vand">vand</a> er det er af de få stoffer som udvider sig når det størkner fra dets smeltede tilstand.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zonesmeltning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zonesmeltning (ikke skrevet endnu)">Zonesmeltningsteknikker</a> kan udføres så fremdeles at der kan fremstilles krystallinsk germanium til halvledere som kun har én urenhed pr. 10<sup>10</sup> germaniumatomer,<sup id="cite_ref-lanl_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanl-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hvilket gør det til et af de reneste materialer som nogensinde er fremstillet.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det første metalliske materiale som blev opdaget som værende en <a href="/wiki/Superleder" title="Superleder">superleder</a> i et ekstremt stærkt <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisk_felt" title="Elektromagnetisk felt">elektromagnetisk felt</a> var en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uran_rhodium_germanium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uran rhodium germanium (ikke skrevet endnu)">legering af germanium med uran og rhodium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbb_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbb-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemi">Kemi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Kemi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kemi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ved 250 °C <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxideres</a> rent germanium langsomt til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germaniumdioxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germaniumdioxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">germaniumdioxid</a>, GeO<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germanium er uopløselig i fortyndede syrer og baser, men opløses langsomt i koncentreret <a href="/wiki/Svovlsyre" title="Svovlsyre">svovlsyre</a> og reagerer voldsomt med smeltet alkali hvorved dannes germanater (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">[GeO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2−</sup></span>). Det mest almindelige <a href="/wiki/Oxidationstrin" title="Oxidationstrin">oxidationstrin</a> er +4, men der kendes også en del forbindelser i oxidationstrinet +2.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andre oxidationstrin er sjældne, som fx +3, som kun kendes i forbindelser som <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Ge<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub></span>, samt blandede oxidationstrin, +3 og +1, som er observeret på overfladen af oxider,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller negative oxidationstrin i <a href="/w/index.php?title=German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German (ikke skrevet endnu)">germaner</a>, såsom -4 i german, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeH<sub>4</sub></span>. Germaniumklusteranioner (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zintl_fase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zintl fase (ikke skrevet endnu)">zintlioner</a>) som fx Ge<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Ge<sub>9</sub><sup>4−</sup>, Ge<sub>9</sub><sup>2−</sup>, [(Ge<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>6−</sup> er blevet lavet,<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germaniums oxidationstrin i disse ioner er ikke heltallige, hvilket er analogt til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ozonid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ozonid (ikke skrevet endnu)">ozonid</a> O<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. </p><p>Der kendes to <a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">oxider</a> af germanium: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germaniumdioxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germaniumdioxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">germaniumdioxid</a>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeO<sub>2</sub></span> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germaniumoxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germaniumoxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">germaniumoxid</a>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeO</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dioxidet, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeO<sub>2</sub></span>, kan dannes ved kraftig opvarmning af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germaniumsulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germaniumsulfid (ikke skrevet endnu)">germaniumsulfid</a>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeS<sub>2</sub></span>, og er et hvidt pulver som er tungtopløseligt i vand. Det reagerer med baser hvorved dannes germanater.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monoxidet, GeO, kan dannes ved at lade <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">GeO<sub>2</sub></span> reagere med germanium ved høj temperatur.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dioxidet (og beslægtede oxider og germanater) har den usædvanlige egenskab, at de har et højt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refraktiv_indeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refraktiv indeks (ikke skrevet endnu)">refraktivt indeks</a> for synligt lys, men er transparente overfor <a href="/wiki/Infrar%C3%B8d" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrarød">infrarødt</a> lys.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fodnoter">Fodnoter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Fodnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Fodnoter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fra græsk, <i>argyrodite</i> som betyder <i>sølvindholdende</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ligesom eksistensen af det nye grundstof var forudsagt, var eksistensen af planeten <a href="/wiki/Neptun_(planet)" title="Neptun (planet)">Neptun</a> blevet forudsagt omkring <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a> af matematikerne <a href="/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams">John Couch Adams</a> og <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a> udfra det faktum at <a href="/wiki/Uranus_(planet)" title="Uranus (planet)">uranus</a> blev skubbet en anelse i sit kredsløb.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Challis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Challis (ikke skrevet endnu)">James Challis</a> begyndte at lede efter planeten i juli 1846, og opdagede den, den 23. september 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Hermann publicerede i 1877 opdagelsen af et nyt grundstof beliggende under <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">tantal</a> i det periodiske system, som han kaldte <i>neptunium</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men dette blev senere forkastet som en blanding af <a href="/wiki/Niob" class="mw-redirect" title="Niob">niob</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">tantal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Navnet <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> blev senere givet til det syntetiske grundstof efter <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">uran</a> opdaget i 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px; height:67px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/120px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Forside" class="extiw" title="commons:Forside">Wikimedia Commons</a> har medier relateret til: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Germanium" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Germanium">Germanium</a></b></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11780210" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112012253/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Arkiveret</a> 12. januar 2012 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaji2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kaji, Masanori (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scs.uiuc.edu/~mainzv/HIST/awards/OPA%20Papers/2005-Kaji.pdf">"D. I. Mendeleev's concept of chemical elements and <i>The Principles of Chemistry</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <i>Bulletin for the History of Chemistry</i> (engelsk). <b>27</b> (1): 4-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet <span class="nowrap">2010-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+for+the+History+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=D.+I.+Mendeleev%27s+concept+of+chemical+elements+and+The+Principles+of+Chemistry&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-16&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Kaji&rft.aufirst=Masanori&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scs.uiuc.edu%2F~mainzv%2FHIST%2Fawards%2FOPA%2520Papers%2F2005-Kaji.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/argyrodite.pdf">"Argyrodite—<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Ag<sub>8</sub>GeS<sub>6</sub></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> (engelsk). Mineral Data Publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet <span class="nowrap">2010-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Argyrodite%E2%80%94%3Cspan+class%3D%22chemf%22+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3EAg%3Csub%3E8%3C%2Fsub%3EGeS%3Csub%3E6%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=Mineral+Data+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org%2Fpdfs%2Fargyrodite.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winkle2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winkle2_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winkle2_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winkle2_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winkle2_5-3"><sup>d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite id="CITEREFWinkler1887" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Winkler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Winkler (ikke skrevet endnu)">Winkler, Clemens</a> (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90799n/f183.table">"Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung"</a>. <i>J. Prak. Chemie</i> (tysk). <b>36</b>: 177-209. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fprac.18870360119">10.1002/prac.18870360119</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet <span class="nowrap">2010-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Prak.+Chemie&rft.atitle=Mittheilungen+%C3%BCber+des+Germanium.+Zweite+Abhandlung&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=177-209&rft.date=1887&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fprac.18870360119&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Clemens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k90799n%2Ff183.table&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isolation-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isolation_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isolation_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isolation_6-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isolation_6-3"><sup>d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite id="CITEREFWinkler1887" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Winkler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Winkler (ikke skrevet endnu)">Winkler, Clemens</a> (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90705g/f212.chemindefer">"Germanium, Ge, eine neues, nicht-metallisches Element"</a>. <i>Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft</i> (tysk). <b>19</b> (1): 210-211. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcber.18860190156">10.1002/cber.18860190156</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. s. 506-510. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-19-850341-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-19-850341-5"><bdi>0-19-850341-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=506-510&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-850341-5&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HollemanAF-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_27-5"><sup>f</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite id="CITEREFHollemanWibergWiberg2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E.; Wiberg, N. (2007). <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102nd ed</i> (tysk). de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-3-11-017770-1" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-3-11-017770-1"><bdi>978-3-11-017770-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/145623740%20180963521%20219549154">145623740 180963521 219549154</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie%2C+102nd+ed&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-11-017770-1&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=A.+F.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+E.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Cite_book" title="Skabelon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Tjek <code class="cs1-code">|oclc=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:CS1-fejl#bad_oclc" title="Hjælp:CS1-fejl">hjælp</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lanl-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lanl_28-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080610172934/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/32.html">"Germanium"</a>. Los Alamos National Laboratory. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/32.html">originalen</a> 10. juni 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet <span class="nowrap">2008-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germanium&rft.pub=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodic.lanl.gov%2Felements%2F32.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite id="CITEREFChardin,_B.2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chardin, B. (2001). "Dark Matter: Direct Detection". I Binetruy, B (red.). <i>The Primordial Universe: 28 June -23 July 1999</i> (engelsk). Springer. s. 308. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/3540410465" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/3540410465"><bdi>3540410465</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dark+Matter%3A+Direct+Detection&rft.btitle=The+Primordial+Universe%3A+28+June+-23+July+1999&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3540410465&rft.au=Chardin%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite id="CITEREFLévySheikinGrenierHuxley2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, Ad. (august 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". <i>Science</i> (engelsk). <b>309</b> (5739): 1343-1346. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1115498">10.1126/science.1115498</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16123293">16123293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Magnetic+field-induced+superconductivity+in+the+ferromagnet+URhGe&rft.volume=309&rft.issue=5739&rft.pages=1343-1346&rft.date=2005-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1115498&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16123293&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vy&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Sheikin%2C+I.&rft.au=Grenier%2C+B.&rft.au=Huxley%2C+Ad.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite id="CITEREFTabet,_N1998" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tabet, N (1998). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Infrared+reflectance+and+transmission+spectra+of+germanium+dioxide+and+its+hydrolysis+products&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=191&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00614256&rft.aulast=Drugoveiko&rft.aufirst=O.+P.&rft.au=Evstrop%27ev%2C+K.+K.&rft.au=Kondrat%27eva%2C+B.+S.&rft.au=Petrov%2C+Yu.+A.&rft.au=Shevyakov%2C+A.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-applied-spectroscopy_1975-02_22_2%2Fpage%2F191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AGermanium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752089">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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