CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135d3267beda088',cH: 'Qk6h2z99jtZfxaIk2wG_43ZhH2WU8isdkLPWPYJuiXE-1739795805-1.2.1.1-WHBDjNeyuffCxU3sAtuxpV9iWf2KrLpTX2JVBK46LrQnVd4XnBbXFODp2q6fnlh2',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=temperature%20thickness&__cf_chl_tk=DMfSjlkkmAnvK7D9SrJaGQtappEourO_KtTRC7Wsk_8-1739795805-1.0.1.1-4AkvSdeoBJE2JrNsAiuN3wm5K0_TdC.nMVk.ou5OoC4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795805',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=temperature%20thickness&__cf_chl_f_tk=DMfSjlkkmAnvK7D9SrJaGQtappEourO_KtTRC7Wsk_8-1739795805-1.0.1.1-4AkvSdeoBJE2JrNsAiuN3wm5K0_TdC.nMVk.ou5OoC4",md: "VgMyBRcsrTWo72dwWHgqXPsawL6CX2IKMxkzfr7vh_o-1739795805-1.2.1.1-NGSaMip_prsUrA0pjrg7Di8BT9Q70S2bWIpyvEgjhHLvqXNUlyyOVqFQ3BeVzLJ8xw5bS3znpOJ_qjbaUJgPwoKnsd3uGuVpMfjvmQjPP8nw05id2hTTUGhvloe3t_nEyMiWAw_86.ilSma4GFnMHvZUhIm7b6XBOJIwQgMpLJrZgCGXTM_gODcE1QwfWmoX7YWfknOpEgN5WTJuhQpwyqADz4F0JSXKkEhO7d7nqeSaUFofTaZNTkFD8kfa1CFcIoUaK0AEmi6.JefWb4anUYfb4FGgvvzSVEiXH3PBuiWah5L76BsgmJ4OK8iKj8J7K_gihjzZZTkes0lxtMOC727JaY3jk6BqzdjktKdmvIjqK8vLQFbx24yD3Z1q7M6xzxQgwufWRm26J7U9zShRUxHKc9crmsWl_ZfNohUfxxgTK_CU7DUdyMshTTKozgIxdxMT5OBewkz8LjhiELD0nLiyngccfP7qrsGLWhrCb4XM5celnQFPBmTLQxhfHSFF99d4Yh7.dHvVB1BGFz4Jx4WkXkeToHe7gS_3InMkGPhP4blWyTUd6eHVLVqoLNuz.kZwdKSmUDeybTcWpFIAbY8ZqvMXQz59ABVh89AQWqg8jy9XKNShrzOAGdvFBaEiYdHpoW7vDK3SnziZA77ugS.ofBgc2.1oSMz04cLKb6Vim04AYZLgB44rp5EHos4T_zesCILdul0gPiaRxzyhHp94gR_xEiushpzncqRX4T8XBaMTppr4ZkNEZFbvrpz1LTjw89Ktl1kMKaWMFm1A2LTpImdv2KwbFQasdBuB_iFlb4xOax45WaKG1iVBcG8Ql7O9hhl8SGAQaJob.uKPLjUl_f3YzvI1GpjLmablV3mSW93TKhMg4inQmYvB4hJU9zbc93i1nPwxzo39mSdhs874o4eFNS0Ic9tZRmnXEr2b3n8NM5OsqpPDxtZlhbhZqYRp7KVvTas9iyVCctxnlb.UmXi.yPpbKnQGSljBjFpEwRcvyYezksvl0PIp1cu9CIsWCVTcfX9p.FhQk3u0LS6v0UAEKTgRaHrOpsCsuTj6ck9By7b2_rDESfDTNHMMBMj2qLy0vr3unkEbcU7kobJn3.yxUVYqlLj2SzjIyJ8MZ8VyWM5fupwSyRWT4u3X_QLFbdYa7g4_zZSiVInNnom..kixlY90.H8bOWuQ8WnGi6Ii3F5uCidkGssnD9ChM3T8Q1UPSL7w.tgOePkj2OtuUm434Ua7hTCFeQIgAB79JvxAUYBk.BGJ9KsYDFvZFO7tvhJJkmNrOPAqByczR6.pTsQ2MYQpm0QY.T_6jssdxw.rUCqTTCZx0yPm1mtFIU3on6HiXNRikI5BobX4FR64d1bdLzPj36FnYPgqilju0JExFrgO12uQ0YAmBwPKmQ1YSGGYzzLeC_Ae3uPxECDQfe8s8e1rxSHLDJKAHQgy6TJe.zW0E69DOPP846UTQ6v5C3fkENPvYg3EGP8P2r6dGh5wXN0px8vM86WfnhtDVciVVwWGRBR6fXNy3vhfeAGpnIz77mv2Gp_M_BNupMLK_pEU.dhyY8Ksgj_p0WahFAhQue0Rrh8SsgXXsYNqB_hjgcfxNe.Zfj1fVK0gVLg2xNC8mJfSP16l5iNZPMMlSZh57ByGXUddz52VEqET2gTVU4ZLcDu0Db.7uucTxkc2ksf__WDmaBXBQe_sxWwoXj8uhw_Fhiqe7.srfqetufZNrho2u8LZ0m1QDcFRlWl2AfxVCxvsdrb9Vbl_Z_L7EGV34O7bzkr84.YbrF3jiakcykMTQe75hfGC15bdi5Rzo33W5OMfME8rirmNxHsKaZ._1Rn_VmE3x1zHiYkTZzP7fEIQMfmkgjL2pMP9X2U54iuDcH22aM8es6G.ui8jvHVt_5254Vudj7pPyMcYakvO4zPOh1c8UR8GQLgznskod.s_eOLOon5kmtagdpGcleD9uaatwuo.i7N32wHj",mdrd: "NMmEHC_mSgiq96oAJN09o1wdzYcWBLx2gjRMzfYqteQ-1739795805-1.2.1.1-fkMDSML2zzAbHHo3K0UZeInnS5xmdvWnFEsnbmtb3p1p1dJCMRBdswWfqmP4GgTtSjq.hvfWnUjSMeNfbRxGJAH7ANKgibaqGgR61_gGEWIlusGGPwcZ.ui.W4f5GeTzrg0RFznxufIxqWh_MwSD6sDp.ZRKSubkrkDuad8rz.Y0Obw4II5jK_qH4nUuRxlUOvs6.4ZMKc9EsI6Pk9SeCKWXLFw5YDOEebHKXentLAh82B7y5WWN_tOLtTeAh0GAkneLGo5M3thq3ubJSiRCieL97eZ2iJhS1e7Cbt_MZ6WpR0YNMdSZUsW.2nkWNnrtxwUFELoyOJg7Dd3F10REN9_8i_z2ZW0q_ZY8SbNpaLVh5mT780MYlGk59SJUH3yMrG0C4qMp4_gXTNynIQR04lZxFpiIOrjo.WTevsK9bLRHocDQ_cnUipr7nx_xNfQsBTghntEpBV88Wby2EXwTk4giSDgXYTRkXOx2ErwXXv14yoPPhR2l75lBNibH2.bODmcwy4q4BFkSutGIM6HQlURDU1glv_oMnoi1anWhdXywTTsBCSd7tXcUHaMB6f_EppmssvV371Ya8YfKKV56IIS3vGShHC2zG9hx4kIdQ0tO5pG.dWekQysGVkaOHLNQ6PNW5mH.Qrrylb.BlMOu.NX66YjP1qB06jXGFgdv9ITM7C5oW84tAwXo5j3GnNyiosElugh1r6VecuWw.R8DwEzlKzENpnileVvbvFa8wxrMjl.1fYfxa3PByjB1cj.UhLBJuE1pCo1mDoLT2qOvCrJNOoFtG0BtQ_B68zf24m2W1DpZUSUiYVyJr1NMzDH5UQ8xu3DYQjxjSyfpVCMJCyn6s5IHC4kvUE9K2mfD4LzNmtJ.fl9oHijqzDJKjZNUKrWGs4XDQqIvrzcBR5Vyp3QhUQ0ltZVskhoLBSpVkKxiIT8TpxRwKutWdQRMkmtVSB9frZEJ216JYhDqES0HHgbR8eDRb2_felMRlYlO3oDdHsg1iMnNgg5.ccKwTyoWqzxBuLvNex_PMm2n1kZ5xDfpmvne3TT08lW2A2pV0mN6lEqWGF1SUn6plGEuLey81GmWU3rMjltTO0hTiqY9u6wKT5GRcFFY6Y_nTQA0GMxRN1LdYB7ezYYgVNIayt8pYiy3S4h0uu22RRi7NyRf6izw4amDX1X._dHKRhuHD8p5lBilqhYuW3HbgXXo5rlDUwUt.1NHdDfr3YV7pnyKCYnAHw0b.fxsvgi3driEiVLS0sMOUXAzWaOKziMdvFYUDtsxYGkxLG2zIi0IosfxWgLzLc6WRijRLzu5ouq1tNM9fMw7ik3cwPGdK6.lRkJbs0HQ7nekSh_A68S0gUXayvrAcVUbezZb7i5tJInmnMuzpr76A2uoM0RkOta.we26wImhBwv9Pp2cxmg0jBRV6j21eKs12bTBFomouXRp1osj4NSQ3oAZ.imB.dprlCfuuDRsorD6STS_q3Afa._PMdIh5kv1EHEhyEgFCchmxGNN2i3zhgBNrE9uyioijy41OPVLzfpMROoKaWvBN5eoPQsD_Naow5rdLYOqTYrTofjsBIe_AAL0Ewvr6PBByMcmrZGlCW4NMVV4K1aBFmA.wruepu8QsBnnXbwqIlDsIJnyu1MsW2K2tYxVh.1AnuIEG_jne0wh3DXFjF5pbpPfJK0DE7c5OPudQZ9Q4sJn6sPNkn.rbGmqgGO5AWy8bu_siPjbm43ynKKRNmFCzG.9BW_l0GQ5ylIcKpX_A_VlngGqkYE2hl4gYEnRZxECnP2XdvPEJhElZvawqgpVKHKLc0Hefkh5Yqy0YWY_Da7.07hHlFlm5KteLsE3Vnzw_7_GCZ5g6xkDZePVW6wkpPojTQf_ytnNZcpzN8rb7IEz8ZVyFOs9aLRAHCjkbOEqEDfX681J.bdEXCt0c.QMc.vDU74bHsA38axD7QBVNJ450ocbxuTGlYHIWz1eSks1jc4Z3FaXtT8tiofcnJlcX_yxag"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135d3267beda088';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=temperature%20thickness&__cf_chl_rt_tk=DMfSjlkkmAnvK7D9SrJaGQtappEourO_KtTRC7Wsk_8-1739795805-1.0.1.1-4AkvSdeoBJE2JrNsAiuN3wm5K0_TdC.nMVk.ou5OoC4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>