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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Unicast</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 27 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AB_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="بث فريد – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بث فريد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidifusi%C3%B3" title="Unidifusió – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unidifusió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidifusi%C3%B3n" title="Unidifusión – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unidifusión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="یونیکست – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یونیکست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4sm%C3%A4l%C3%A4hetys" title="Täsmälähetys – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Täsmälähetys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siaran_tunggal" title="Siaran tunggal – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Siaran tunggal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="ユニキャスト – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユニキャスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%BA%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="유니캐스트 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유니캐스트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkels%C3%A4ndning" title="Enkelsändning – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Enkelsändning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek_y%C3%B6ne_yay%C4%B1n" title="Tek yöne yayın – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tek yöne yayın" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast" title="Unicast – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Unicast" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%92%AD" title="单播 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="单播" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E6%92%AD" title="單播 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="單播" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q918337#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unicast" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Unicast" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unicast"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unicast"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Unicast" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Unicast" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&oldid=219831295" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Unicast&id=219831295&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnicast"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnicast"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Unicast"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Unicast&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q918337" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Unicast.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Unicast.svg/220px-Unicast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Unicast.svg/330px-Unicast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Unicast.svg/440px-Unicast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Illustration d'une connexion <i>unicast</i> : le message part d'un émetteur unique (rouge) vers un récepteur unique (vert).</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable droite" style="clear:both; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Types de <a href="/wiki/Routage" title="Routage">routage</a> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Cast.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cast.svg/100px-Cast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cast.svg/150px-Cast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cast.svg/200px-Cast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anycast" title="Anycast">Anycast</a> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Anycast.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anycast.svg/100px-Anycast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anycast.svg/150px-Anycast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anycast.svg/200px-Anycast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_(informatique)" title="Broadcast (informatique)">Broadcast</a> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Broadcast.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Broadcast.svg/100px-Broadcast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Broadcast.svg/150px-Broadcast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Broadcast.svg/200px-Broadcast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multicast" title="Multicast">Multicast</a> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Multicast.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Multicast.svg/100px-Multicast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Multicast.svg/150px-Multicast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Multicast.svg/200px-Multicast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Unicast</a> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Unicast.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Unicast.svg/100px-Unicast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Unicast.svg/150px-Unicast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Unicast.svg/200px-Unicast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ocasting" title="Géocasting">Géocast</a> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Geocast.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Geocast.svg/100px-Geocast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Geocast.svg/150px-Geocast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Geocast.svg/200px-Geocast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Le terme <span class="lang-en" lang="en"><b>unicast</b></span> définit une connexion <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_informatique" title="Réseau informatique">réseau</a> <a href="/wiki/Liaison_point_%C3%A0_point" title="Liaison point à point">point à point</a>, c'est-à-dire d'un hôte vers un (seul) autre hôte<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle peut également être traduite en <b>envoi individuel</b> ou parfois <b>diffusion individuelle</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>On entend par <span class="lang-en" lang="en">unicast</span> le fait de communiquer entre deux ordinateurs identifiés chacun par une adresse réseau unique. Il y transmission point-à-point entre exactement un émetteur et un destinataire. Les paquets de données sont acheminés sur le réseau suivant l'adresse du destinataire « encapsulée » dans la trame. Normalement, seul le destinataire intercepte et décode le paquet qui lui est adressé. L’implémentation d'une communication "unicast" diffère en fonction des protocoles employés et de la topologie physique du réseau; par des politiques de routes, les trafics unicast et multicast/broadcast peuvent également être physiquement séparés<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Réseaux_IP_et_Ethernet"><span id="R.C3.A9seaux_IP_et_Ethernet"></span>Réseaux IP et Ethernet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Réseaux IP et Ethernet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Réseaux IP et Ethernet"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dans le protocole <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a>, l'adresse permettant une communication unicast sont toutes les adresses autres que la première et la dernière du bloc d'adresse. </p><p>Unicast est le mode de communication lorsque l'usage de l'IP destination est unique dans le réseau (privé ou internet): que plusieurs machines ne la portent pas simultanément, et qu'on ne cherche à joindre qu'un unique destinataire. A l'inverse si plusieurs machines portent cette IP, comme c'est le cas pour les <a href="/wiki/DNS" class="mw-redirect" title="DNS">DNS</a> racine, ou de certains résolveurs, cela relève alors de l'<a href="/wiki/Anycast" title="Anycast">anycast</a> et non de l'unicast<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li>Exemple d'une <a href="/wiki/Adresse_IP" title="Adresse IP">adresse IP</a> locale (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_priv%C3%A9" title="Réseau privé">privée</a>) pouvant servir à une communication <span class="lang-en" lang="en">unicast</span> en notation <a href="/wiki/CIDR" class="mw-redirect" title="CIDR">CIDR </a>: 192.168.1.32/24</li> <li>Exemple d'une adresse IP Internet (publique) pouvant servir à une communication <span class="lang-en" lang="en">unicast</span> dans le cas où l'opérateur l'utilisant ne l'attribue qu'a une machine : 66.102.11.99</li></ul> <p>L'adresse Ethernet dans laquelle le packet IPv4 sera encapsulé utilisera comme adresse MAC de destination l'adresse résolue par <a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">ARP</a> au préalable. L'<a href="/wiki/Adresse_MAC" title="Adresse MAC">adresse MAC</a> de destination aura alors son bit de poids faible du premier octet à 0, signifiant une diffusion unicast aux équipements de niveau 2. Ils ne diffuseront cette trame que sur le port physique sur lequel est connecté le destinataire, apprise par mac-learning<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La première et la dernière IPv4 d'un bloc employée sont utilisées pour une diffusion multipoint broadcast réseau. On encapsulera alors dans une trame broadcast, ayant donc ce bit de poids faible du premier octet à 1. Dans le cas d'une trame broadcastée, on emploiera traditionnellement l'adresse MAC spéciale "FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF". D'autres adresses spécifiques sont utilisées pour la multidiffusion. </p><p>Pour ces diffusion multipoints, on utilisera une diffusion <span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_(informatique)" title="Broadcast (informatique)">broadcast</a></i></span> ou <span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i><a href="/wiki/Multicast" title="Multicast">multicast</a></i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/unicast">Unicast</a> (Common questions - <a href="/wiki/ScienceDirect" title="ScienceDirect">ScienceDirect</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="TanenbaumWetherallBalandBurr-Campillo2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Andrew_S._TanenbaumD._WetherallMarie-Cécile_BalandEmmanuelle_Burr-Campillo2011">Andrew S. <span class="nom_auteur">Tanenbaum</span>, D. <span class="nom_auteur">Wetherall</span>, Marie-Cécile <span class="nom_auteur">Baland</span> et Emmanuelle <span class="nom_auteur">Burr-Campillo</span>, <cite class="italique">Réseaux</cite>, Pearson education, <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7440-7521-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7440-7521-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7440-7521-6</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 22<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9seaux&rft.pub=Pearson+education&rft.aulast=Tanenbaum&rft.aufirst=Andrew+S.&rft.au=Wetherall%2C+D.&rft.au=Baland%2C+Marie-C%C3%A9cile&rft.au=Burr-Campillo%2C+Emmanuelle&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=22&rft.isbn=978-2-7440-7521-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUnicast"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Note-How-to-setup-multicast-and-unicast-traffic-over/ta-p/194500"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Technical Note: How to setup multicast and unicast traffic over different paths</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">community.fortinet.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-08-24" data-sort-value="2016-08-24">24 août 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-06-27" data-sort-value="2024-06-27">27 juin 2024</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cloudflare">Cloudflare, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cloudflare.com/fr-fr/learning/dns/what-is-anycast-dns/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Qu'est-ce que le DNS Anycast ? | Comment l'Anycast fonctionne avec le DNS</cite></a> » <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"><img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2022"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/mac-learning-and-aging/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">MAC Learning and Aging</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">GeeksforGeeks</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-11-11" data-sort-value="2022-11-11">11 novembre 2022</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-06-27" data-sort-value="2024-06-27">27 juin 2024</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicast&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_point_%C3%A0_point" title="Liaison point à point">Liaison point à point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_(informatique)" title="Broadcast (informatique)">Broadcast (informatique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicast" title="Multicast">Multicast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adresse_IP" title="Adresse IP">Adresse IP</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Informatique" title="Portail de l’informatique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/24px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/36px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/48px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Informatique" title="Portail:Informatique">Portail de l’informatique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:T%C3%A9l%C3%A9communications" title="Portail des télécommunications"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Circle-icons-phone.svg/24px-Circle-icons-phone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Circle-icons-phone.svg/36px-Circle-icons-phone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Circle-icons-phone.svg/48px-Circle-icons-phone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:T%C3%A9l%C3%A9communications" title="Portail:Télécommunications">Portail des télécommunications</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unicast&oldid=219831295">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unicast&oldid=219831295</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:R%C3%A9seau_informatique" title="Catégorie:Réseau informatique">Réseau 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