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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Numerical weather prediction system</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typhoon_Mawar_2005_computer_simulation_thumbnail.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Typhoon_Mawar_2005_computer_simulation_thumbnail.gif/250px-Typhoon_Mawar_2005_computer_simulation_thumbnail.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Typhoon_Mawar_2005_computer_simulation_thumbnail.gif/375px-Typhoon_Mawar_2005_computer_simulation_thumbnail.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Typhoon_Mawar_2005_computer_simulation_thumbnail.gif 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>WRF model output showing simulated radar reflectivity (dBZ) for <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Mawar_(2005)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Mawar (2005)">Typhoon Mawar</a> at 3.3-km (2.1-mi) grid spacing. Time period is from 0000 UTC 22 August 2005 to 0000 UTC 24 August 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Weather Research and Forecasting</b> (<b>WRF</b>) <b>Model</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Numerical_weather_prediction" title="Numerical weather prediction">numerical weather prediction</a> (NWP) system designed to serve both atmospheric research and operational forecasting needs, developed in the United States. NWP refers to the simulation and prediction of the atmosphere with a computer model, and WRF is a set of software for this. WRF features two dynamical (computational) cores (or <i>solvers</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Data_assimilation" title="Data assimilation">data assimilation</a> system, and a software architecture allowing for parallel computation and system extensibility. The model serves a wide range of meteorological applications across scales ranging from meters to thousands of kilometers. </p><p>The effort to develop WRF began in the latter part of the 1990s and was a collaborative partnership principally among the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="National Center for Atmospheric Research">National Center for Atmospheric Research</a> (NCAR), the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (represented by the <a href="/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Prediction" title="National Centers for Environmental Prediction">National Centers for Environmental Prediction</a> (NCEP) and the (then) Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL)), the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Weather_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Weather Agency">Air Force Weather Agency</a> (AFWA), the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a> (NRL), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a> (OU), and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA).<sup id="cite_ref-NCAR_news_release_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAR_news_release-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bulk of the work on the model has been performed or supported by NCAR, NOAA, and AFWA. </p><p>WRF allows researchers to produce simulations reflecting either real data (observations, analyses) or idealized atmospheric conditions. WRF provides operational forecasting a flexible and robust platform, while offering advances in physics, numerics, and data assimilation contributed by the many research community developers. WRF is currently in operational use at NCEP and other forecasting centers internationally. WRF has grown to have a large worldwide community of users (over 30,000 registered users in over 150 countries), and workshops and tutorials are held each year at NCAR. WRF is used extensively for research and real-time forecasting throughout the world. It has been shown to perform well in simulating <a href="/wiki/Convection#Atmospheric_convection" title="Convection">atmospheric convection</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but to be prone to producing <a href="/wiki/Squall_line" title="Squall line">squall lines</a> too easily.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WRF offers two dynamical solvers for its computation of the atmospheric governing equations, and the variants of the model are known as WRF-ARW (Advanced Research WRF) and WRF-NMM (nonhydrostatic mesoscale model). The Advanced Research WRF (ARW) is supported to the community by the NCAR Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WRF-NMM solver variant was based on the Eta model, and later nonhydrostatic mesoscale model, developed at NCEP. The WRF-NMM (NMM) is supported to the community by the Developmental Testbed Center (DTC). </p><p>The WRF serves as the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Refresh_(weather_prediction)" title="Rapid Refresh (weather prediction)">RAP and HRRR models</a>: high-resolution operational forecast models run regularly at NCEP. The WRF also serves as the basis for the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Mesoscale" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Mesoscale">North American Mesoscale</a> (NAM) model at 12km and 3km grid resolutions. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A version of WRF-NMM tailored for hurricane forecasting, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Weather_Research_and_Forecasting_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model">HWRF</a> (hurricane weather research and forecasting), became operational in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, a polar optimized WRF was released through the <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Polar_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Byrd Polar Research Center">Byrd Polar Research Center</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weather_Research_and_Forecasting_Model&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Forecast_System" title="Global Forecast System">Global Forecast System</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weather_Research_and_Forecasting_Model&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mmm.ucar.edu/weather-research-and-forecasting-model">"WRF Model site"</a>.</cite><span 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(2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2FMWR2830.1">"Evaluating Mesoscale NWP Models Using Kinetic Energy Spectra"</a>. <i>Monthly Weather Review</i>. <b>132</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">3019–</span>3032. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MWRv..132.3019S">2004MWRv..132.3019S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2FMWR2830.1">10.1175/MWR2830.1</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Mesoscale+NWP+Models+Using+Kinetic+Energy+Spectra&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3019-%3C%2Fspan%3E3032&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1175%2FMWR2830.1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004MWRv..132.3019S&rft.aulast=Skamarock&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1175%252FMWR2830.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeather+Research+and+Forecasting+Model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincentLane2016" class="citation journal cs1">Vincent, Claire L.; Lane, Todd P. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Polar+WRF&rft.pub=The+Ohio+State+University+Polar+Meteorology+Group&rft.date=2009-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolarmet.osu.edu%2FPolarMet%2Fpwrf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeather+Research+and+Forecasting+Model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weather_Research_and_Forecasting_Model&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mmm.ucar.edu/weather-research-and-forecasting-model">WRF website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Ocean_general_circulation_model" title="Ocean general circulation model">Oceanographic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryosphere" title="Cryosphere">Cryospheric model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_model" title="Climate model">Climate model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerical_weather_prediction" title="Numerical weather prediction">Numerical weather prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_forecast_model" title="Tropical cyclone forecast model">Tropical cyclone forecast model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_dispersion_modeling" title="Atmospheric dispersion modeling">Atmospheric dispersion modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_transport_model" title="Chemical transport model">Chemical transport model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper-atmospheric_models" title="Upper-atmospheric models">Upper-atmospheric models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensemble_forecasting" title="Ensemble forecasting">Ensemble forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_output_statistics" title="Model output statistics">Model output statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorological_reanalysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorological reanalysis">Meteorological reanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametrization_(atmospheric_modeling)" title="Parametrization (atmospheric modeling)">Parametrization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Specific_models160" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Specific models</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Climate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_General_Circulation_Model" title="Intermediate General Circulation Model">IGCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HadCM3" title="HadCM3">HadCM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HadGEM1" title="HadGEM1">HadGEM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFDL_CM2.X" class="mw-redirect" title="GFDL CM2.X">GFDL CM2.X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGCM" class="mw-redirect" title="CGCM">CGCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Climate_System_Model" title="Community Climate System Model">CCSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Earth_System_Model" title="Community Earth System Model">CESM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Forecast_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate Forecast System">CFSv2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECHAM" title="ECHAM">ECHAM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global weather</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Forecast_System" title="Integrated Forecast System">IFS (ECMWF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow-following,_finite-volume_Icosahedral_Model" title="Flow-following, finite-volume Icosahedral Model">FIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Environmental_Multiscale_Model" title="Global Environmental Multiscale Model">GEM / GDPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Forecast_System" title="Global Forecast System">GFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_for_Prediction_Across_Scales" title="Model for Prediction Across Scales">MPAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Ensemble_Forecast_System" title="North American Ensemble Forecast System">NAEFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Global_Environmental_Model" title="Navy Global Environmental Model">NAVGEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Model" title="Unified Model">UM</a></li> <li>JMA-GSM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GME_of_Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="GME of Deutscher Wetterdienst">GME / ICON</a></li> <li>ARPEGE</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and mesoscale atmospheric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Mesoscale_Model" title="North American Mesoscale Model">NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Refresh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid Refresh">RR / RAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Atmospheric_Modeling_System" title="Regional Atmospheric Modeling System">RAMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Research_and_Forecasting_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Weather Research and Forecasting model">WRF</a></li> <li>RAQMS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIRLAM" title="HIRLAM">HIRLAM</a></li> <li>LAPS</li> <li>RPM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HWRF" class="mw-redirect" title="HWRF">HWRF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Environmental_Multiscale_Model" title="Global Environmental Multiscale Model">RGEM</a></li> <li>HRDPS</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and mesoscale oceanographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>HyCOM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Ocean_Modeling_System" title="Regional Ocean Modeling System">ROMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_ocean_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton ocean model">POM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_ocean_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Modular ocean model">MOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finite_Volume_Community_Ocean_Model" title="Finite Volume Community Ocean Model">FVCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_General_Circulation_Model" title="MIT General Circulation Model">MITgcm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FESOM" title="FESOM">FESOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADCIRC" title="ADCIRC">ADCIRC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atmospheric dispersion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADMS_3" title="ADMS 3">ADMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AERMOD" title="AERMOD">AERMOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATSTEP" title="ATSTEP">ATSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUSTAL2000" title="AUSTAL2000">AUSTAL2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALPUFF" title="CALPUFF">CALPUFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DISPERSION21" title="DISPERSION21">DISPERSION21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISC3" title="ISC3">ISC3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEMO_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="MEMO Model">MEMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERCURE" title="MERCURE">MERCURE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAME_(dispersion_model)" title="NAME (dispersion model)">NAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Street_Pollution_Model" title="Operational Street Pollution Model">OSPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PUFF-PLUME" title="PUFF-PLUME">PUFF-PLUME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIMPUFF" title="RIMPUFF">RIMPUFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE_AIR" title="SAFE AIR">SAFE AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILAM" title="SILAM">SILAM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemical transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLaMS" title="CLaMS">CLaMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOZART_(model)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOZART (model)">MOZART</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS-Chem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GEOS-Chem (page does not exist)">GEOS-Chem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CHIMERE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CHIMERE (page does not exist)">CHIMERE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land surface parametrization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JULES" title="JULES">JULES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Land_Surface_Scheme" title="Canadian Land Surface Scheme">CLASS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaction Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere (page does not exist)">ISBA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cryospheric models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CICE_(sea_ice_model)" title="CICE (sea ice model)">CICE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eta</li> <li>LFM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MM5_(weather_model)" title="MM5 (weather model)">MM5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nested_Grid_Model" title="Nested Grid Model">NGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Operational_Global_Atmospheric_Prediction_System" title="Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System">NOGAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Update_Cycle" title="Rapid Update Cycle">RUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_model" title="Mathematical model">Mathematical model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_model" title="Statistical model">Statistical model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_modelling" title="Scientific modelling">Scientific 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