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Producció (economia) - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Producci%C3%B3+%28economia%29" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Producci%C3%B3+%28economia%29" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right 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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Producció (economia)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 66 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%B5" title="Аагалыҵ - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аагалыҵ" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="إنتاج - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنتاج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF)" title="উৎপাদন (অৰ্থনীতি) - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উৎপাদন (অৰ্থনীতি)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stehsal_(iqtisadiyyat)" title="İstehsal (iqtisadiyyat) - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstehsal (iqtisadiyyat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%97rbins%C4%97na" title="Dėrbinsėna - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dėrbinsėna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вытворчасць - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вытворчасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Производство - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Производство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0)" title="উৎপাদন (অর্থশাস্ত্র) - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উৎপাদন (অর্থশাস্ত্র)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produerezh" title="Produerezh - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Produerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksyon" title="Produksyon - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Produksyon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بەرھەمھێنی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرھەمھێنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Тăвăмлăх - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăвăмлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produktion" title="Produktion - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Produktion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produktion" title="Produktion - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Produktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE_(%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Παραγωγή (οικονομία) - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραγωγή (οικονομία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_(economics)" title="Production (economics) - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Production (economics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producci%C3%B3n_(econom%C3%ADa)" title="Producción (economía) - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Producción (economía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tootmine" title="Tootmine - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tootmine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekoizpen-teoria" title="Ekoizpen-teoria - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekoizpen-teoria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="تولید (اقتصاد) - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تولید (اقتصاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuotanto" title="Tuotanto - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuotanto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production" title="Production - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Production" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produci%C3%B3n_(econom%C3%ADa)" title="Produción (economía) - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Produción (economía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samar" title="Samar - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Samar" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAn-s%C3%A1n" title="Sên-sán - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sên-sán" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94" title="תפוקה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תפוקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="उत्पादन (अर्थशास्त्र) - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्पादन (अर्थशास्त्र)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proizvodnja" title="Proizvodnja - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Proizvodnja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwodiksyon" title="Pwodiksyon - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pwodiksyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termel%C3%A9selm%C3%A9let" title="Termeléselmélet - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Termeléselmélet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Produksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produzione" title="Produzione - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Produzione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3" title="生産 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生産" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0" title="생산 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%AF%D1%88" title="Өндүрүш - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өндүрүш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94,_%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%99_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0_%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2" title="ການຜະລິດ, ຕົ້ນທຶນ ແລະ ລາຄາ - laosià" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການຜະລິດ, ຕົ້ນທຶນ ແລະ ລາຄາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%BEo%C5%A1ana" title="Ražošana - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ražošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Производство - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Производство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Үйлдвэрлэл - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үйлдвэрлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="उत्पादन (अर्थशास्त्र) - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उत्पादन (अर्थशास्त्र)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengeluaran_(ekonomi)" title="Pengeluaran (ekonomi) - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengeluaran (ekonomi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="उत्पादन (अर्थशास्त्र) - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्पादन (अर्थशास्त्र)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productie" title="Productie - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Productie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksjon" title="Produksjon - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Produksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksjon" title="Produksjon - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Produksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produkcja" title="Produkcja - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Produkcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="تولید (اقتصاد) - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تولید (اقتصاد)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Produção - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Produção" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Производство - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Производство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produkcija_(ekonomija)" title="Produkcija (ekonomija) - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Produkcija (ekonomija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_soo_saar" title="Wax soo saar - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Wax soo saar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodhimi_(ekonomi)" title="Prodhimi (ekonomi) - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Prodhimi (ekonomi)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Produksi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produktion" title="Produktion - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Produktion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzalishaji" title="Uzalishaji - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uzalishaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksiyon" title="Produksiyon - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Produksiyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istehsol" title="Istehsol - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Istehsol" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cretim" title="Üretim - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üretim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Виробництво - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Виробництво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produsion" title="Produsion - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Produsion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%A3n_xu%E1%BA%A5t" title="Sản xuất - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sản xuất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7" title="生产 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生产" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/25px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/38px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/50px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <div class="mbox-text-span">Aquest article o secció no <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Citau_les_fonts" title="Viquipèdia:Citau les fonts">cita les fonts</a> o necessita més referències per a la seva <a href="/wiki/VP:VER" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:VER">verificabilitat</a>.</div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Producció</b>, en <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a>, és la creació i processament de béns i mercaderies, inclosa la seva concepció, el seu processament en les diverses 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Es considera un dels principals processos econòmics, el mitjà a través del qual el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treball_hum%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treball humà (encara no existeix)">treball humà</a> crea riquesa. Pel que fa als problemes que comporta la producció, tant els <a href="/wiki/Sector_privat" title="Sector privat">productors privats</a> com el <a href="/wiki/Sector_p%C3%BAblic" title="Sector públic">sector públic</a> han de tenir en compte diverses lleis econòmiques, dades sobre els preus i recursos disponibles. Els materials o recursos utilitzats en el procés de producció es denominen <a href="/wiki/Factors_de_producci%C3%B3" title="Factors de producció">factors de producció</a>. </p><p>El <b>llindar de producció</b> és la <b>producció</b> mínima d'un element que fa que resulti més barat produir-lo que comprar-lo. A l'hora de fabricar un producte, les <a href="/wiki/Empresa" title="Empresa">empreses</a> han de valorar si de la seva producció n'obtindran beneficis. Cal saber si serà més convenient produir components necessaris com a <a href="/wiki/Primeres_mat%C3%A8ries" title="Primeres matèries">primeres matèries</a> o comprar-lo a un proveïdor.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La fórmula per a determinar el valor del llindar de producció és la següent: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q={\frac {CF}{p-CV}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> <mi>C</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q={\frac {CF}{p-CV}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32c6cce40768c330ac3bd389745d64cc8b9e81fb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:13.336ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q={\frac {CF}{p-CV}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>on: </p> <ul><li><i>Q</i> és el nivell de necessitat del producte,</li> <li><i>CF</i> són els costos fixos,</li> <li><i>p</i> és el preu de compra, i</li> <li><i>CV</i> són els costos variables</li></ul> <p>El cost total de compra és: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\cdot Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\cdot Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1027ce9a9f3872c5d33785ba8f74b50921ce8df4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:4.776ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\cdot Q}"></span>, i el cost total variable és <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle CF+CV+Q\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mi>F</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle CF+CV+Q\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/feff40abe3eab30d6032408ec57131cb50596966" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.967ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle CF+CV+Q\,}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Producci%C3%B3_(economia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assets.mheducation.es/bcv/guide/capitulo/844813415X.pdf">La funció productiva i els costos de l'empresa</a>» (pdf) p. 121.  McGraw-Hill/ Interamericana de España. 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