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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medieval history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_administration_1839–1967" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_administration_1839–1967"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>British administration 1839–1967</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_administration_1839–1967-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federation_of_South_Arabia_and_the_Aden_Emergency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federation_of_South_Arabia_and_the_Aden_Emergency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Federation of South Arabia and the Aden Emergency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federation_of_South_Arabia_and_the_Aden_Emergency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Post-independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temporary_capital_and_civil_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temporary_capital_and_civil_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Temporary capital and civil war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temporary_capital_and_civil_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Music and poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Pre-independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Post-independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourist_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourist_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Tourist sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourist_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy and transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy_and_transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy and transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Free zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Coasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offshore_islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offshore_islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Offshore islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offshore_islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wild_and_domestic_animal_diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wild_and_domestic_animal_diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Wild and domestic animal diversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wild_and_domestic_animal_diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Public services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Endemic_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endemic_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Endemic areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endemic_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Mail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Journalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Radio and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aden</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عدن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fd%C9%99n" title="Ədən – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ədən" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عدن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عدن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="অ্যাডেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাডেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Адэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Адэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Yemen)" title="Aden (kapital sa lalawigan sa Yemen) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aden (kapital sa lalawigan sa Yemen)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Άντεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άντεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C3%A9n" title="Adén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeno" title="Adeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Adeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عدن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81idin" title="Áidin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Áidin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C3%A9n" title="Adén – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8D%B4" title="아덴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아덴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ադեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="अदन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अदन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%9F" title="עדן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ადენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adana_(Iemenia)" title="Adana (Iemenia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Adana (Iemenia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adena" title="Adena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Adena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenas" title="Adenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Adenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81den" title="Áden – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Áden" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BB" title="ഏദൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഏദൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="एडन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एडन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ადენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86)" title="عدن (اليمن) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عدن (اليمن)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عدن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عدن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အေဒင်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အေဒင်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_(stad)" title="Aden (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aden (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3" title="アデン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アデン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C3%A8n" title="Adèn – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adan_(shahar)" title="Adan (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adan (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عدن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عدن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عدن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عدن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adem" title="Adem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عدن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عدن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden,_Jemen" title="Aden, Jemen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aden, Jemen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadan" title="Cadan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cadan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86" title="عەدەن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عەدەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஏடன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏடன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90aden" title="Ɛaden – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ɛaden" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" title="เอเดน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอเดน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аден – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аден" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="عدن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عدن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%81" title="亚丁 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚丁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%81_(%E4%B9%9F%E9%96%80)" title="亞丁 (也門) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞丁 (也門)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%81" title="亞丁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亞丁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" title="Aden – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Aden" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131694#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aden" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Aden" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aden&params=12_48_N_45_02_E_region:YE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">45°02′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.800°N 45.033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.800; 45.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Port city and temporary capital of Yemen</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the port city in Yemen. For the governorate, see <a href="/wiki/Aden_Governorate" title="Aden Governorate">Aden Governorate</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aden_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Aden (disambiguation)">Aden (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Temporary capital and City in Aden Region, Yemen</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Aden</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ar"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَدَنْ</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Temporary_capital" title="Temporary capital">Temporary capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Yemen" title="List of cities in Yemen">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MallaDistrict.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MallaDistrict.jpg/268px-MallaDistrict.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MallaDistrict.jpg/402px-MallaDistrict.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MallaDistrict.jpg/536px-MallaDistrict.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mualla" title="Mualla"> Mualla District</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_of_Aden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Port_of_Aden.jpg/147px-Port_of_Aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Port_of_Aden.jpg/221px-Port_of_Aden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Port_of_Aden.jpg/294px-Port_of_Aden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Aden" title="Port of Aden">Port of Aden</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QueenVictoriaStatue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/QueenVictoriaStatue.jpg/117px-QueenVictoriaStatue.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/QueenVictoriaStatue.jpg/176px-QueenVictoriaStatue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/QueenVictoriaStatue.jpg/234px-QueenVictoriaStatue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Queen Victoria Statue</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aden_Crater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aden_Crater.jpg/250px-Aden_Crater.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aden_Crater.jpg/330px-Aden_Crater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Crater_(Aden)" title="Crater (Aden)">Crater</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AbyanBeach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AbyanBeach.jpg/132px-AbyanBeach.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AbyanBeach.jpg/198px-AbyanBeach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AbyanBeach.jpg/264px-AbyanBeach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Khormaksar_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Khormaksar District">Abyan Beach</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yemen_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aden is located in Yemen"><img alt="Aden is located in Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Yemen_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Yemen_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Yemen_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Yemen_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1693" data-file-height="1106" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.716%;left:25.062%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Aden"><img alt="Aden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Aden</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Yemen</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aden&params=12_48_N_45_02_E_region:YE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">45°02′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.800°N 45.033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.800; 45.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aden_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Aden Region">Aden Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Yemen" title="List of cities in Yemen">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aden_Governorate" title="Aden Governorate">Aden Governorate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settled<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">7th century BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aden_Expedition" title="Aden Expedition">British occupation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19 January 1829</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Commissioner%27s_Province_of_Aden" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Commissioner's Province of Aden">Aden Settlement</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1829</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Province of Aden</th><td class="infobox-data">1932–1937</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Colony of Aden</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1937</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Aden" title="State of Aden">State of Aden within the FSA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 January 1963</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Independence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30 November 1967</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Lamlas" title="Ahmed Lamlas">Dr. Ahmed Lamlas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data">Aden Local Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Aden Police Director</th><td class="infobox-data">Maj Gen Mutahar Al-Shuaibi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">760 km<sup>2</sup> (290 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 m (20 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2017)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">863,000 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,079,670 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,135.52/km<sup>2</sup> (2,941.0/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Adeni/Adenies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicities<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Majority</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Minorities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Arabs" title="Afro-Arabs">Afro-Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Yemen" title="Indians in Yemen">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Yemen" title="Somalis in Yemen">Somalis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Arabic MSA</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Education_in_Yemen" title="Education in Yemen">Education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Yemen" title="Cabinet of Yemen">Government</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Spoken</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BDizzi-Adeni_Arabic" title="Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic">Adeni Arabic</a> (Majority)<br /> <p><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Widely used) <br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (minorities)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabia_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia Standard Time">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">02</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:22.89em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Awsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Awsan">Kingdom of Awsan</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Himyarite Kingdom">Himyarite Kingdom</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Kingdom of Aksum</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Yemen" title="Sasanian Yemen">Sasanian Yemen</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/First_Islamic_state" class="mw-redirect" title="First Islamic state">First Islamic state</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Abbasid_banner.svg/40px-Abbasid_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Abbasid_banner.svg/60px-Abbasid_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ziyadid_dynasty" title="Ziyadid dynasty">Ziyadid dynasty</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Najahid_dynasty" title="Najahid dynasty">Najahid dynasty</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhid dynasty</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zurayid_dynasty" title="Zurayid dynasty">Zurayid dynasty</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid dynasty</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_Rasulid_Dynasty.png/40px-Flag_of_the_Rasulid_Dynasty.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_Rasulid_Dynasty.png/60px-Flag_of_the_Rasulid_Dynasty.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rasulid_dynasty" title="Rasulid dynasty">Rasulid dynasty</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_Sultanate" title="Tahirid Sultanate">Tahirid Sultanate</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mameluke_Flag.svg/23px-Mameluke_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mameluke_Flag.svg/35px-Mameluke_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mameluke_Flag.svg/45px-Mameluke_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Aden" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Aden">Portuguese Aden</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Ottoman_Empire_%281517-1793%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ottoman_Empire_%281517-1793%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Ottoman_Empire_%281517-1793%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ottoman_Empire_%281517-1793%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="283" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Eyalet" title="Yemen Eyalet">Yemen Eyalet</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/40px-Red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/60px-Red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Qasimid_State" title="Qasimid State">Qasimid State</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemen Vilayet">Yemen Vilayet</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/40px-Red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Red_flag.svg/60px-Red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Qasimid_State" title="Qasimid State">Qasimid State</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Lahej" title="Sultanate of Lahej">Sultanate of Lahej</a> 1728–1839 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj"><img alt="British Raj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/40px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/60px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aden_Province" title="Aden Province">Aden Province</a> 1839–1937 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> 1937–1963 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire"><img alt="British Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aden_protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Aden protectorate">Aden protectorate</a> 1937–1963 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_the_State_of_Aden.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Aden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_the_State_of_Aden.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Aden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_the_State_of_Aden.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Aden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_the_Federation_of_South_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Federation_of_South_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_the_Federation_of_South_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Federation_of_South_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Aden" title="State of Aden">State of Aden</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">FSA</a> 1963–1967 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen"><img alt="South Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a> 1967–1990 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/60px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Republic of Yemen</a> 1990–1994 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen"><img alt="South Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Yemen" title="Democratic Republic of Yemen">Democratic Republic of Yemen</a> 1994 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/60px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Republic of Yemen</a> 1994–present <br /> </p> </blockquote> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_of_Aden,_Yemen_from_ISS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Port_of_Aden%2C_Yemen_from_ISS.jpg/215px-Port_of_Aden%2C_Yemen_from_ISS.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Port_of_Aden%2C_Yemen_from_ISS.jpg/323px-Port_of_Aden%2C_Yemen_from_ISS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Port_of_Aden%2C_Yemen_from_ISS.jpg/430px-Port_of_Aden%2C_Yemen_from_ISS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Port of Aden from the <a href="/wiki/ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISS">ISS</a>, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aden</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَدَنْ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿAdan</i></span>) is a port city located in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> in the southern part of the Arabian peninsula, on the north coast of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a>, positioned near the eastern approach to the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>. It is situated approximately 170 km (110 mi) east of the <a href="/wiki/Bab-el-Mandeb" title="Bab-el-Mandeb">Bab-el-Mandeb</a> strait. With its strategic location on the coastline, Aden serves as a gateway between the Red Sea and the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, making it a crucial maritime hub connecting <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. As of 2023, Aden city has a population of approximately 1,080,000 residents, making it one of the largest cities in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aden is the capital and principal part of <a href="/wiki/Aden_Governorate" title="Aden Governorate">Aden Governorate</a>, encompassing eight districts. During the colonial period, the name <i>Aden</i> referred to the area along the north coast of the gulf, encompassing <a href="/wiki/Tawahi_(Aden)" title="Tawahi (Aden)">Tawahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mualla" title="Mualla">Mualla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crater_(Aden)" title="Crater (Aden)">Crater</a>, and much of <a href="/wiki/Khor_Maksar" title="Khor Maksar">Khor Maksar</a> district. The western harbour peninsula, known as <i>Little Aden</i>, now falls within the <a href="/wiki/Al_Buraiqeh_district" title="Al Buraiqeh district">Al Buraiqeh</a> district. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ADEN_%26_LITTLE_ADEN-01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ADEN_%26_LITTLE_ADEN-01.png/250px-ADEN_%26_LITTLE_ADEN-01.png" decoding="async" width="215" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ADEN_%26_LITTLE_ADEN-01.png/330px-ADEN_%26_LITTLE_ADEN-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ADEN_%26_LITTLE_ADEN-01.png/500px-ADEN_%26_LITTLE_ADEN-01.png 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Map showing Aden and Little Aden within the modern-day Governorate of Aden</figcaption></figure> <p>Before gaining independence, Aden comprised distinct sectors: Crater, the original port; Ma'alla, the modern port; Tawahi, formerly "Steamer Point"; and Gold Mohur resorts. Khormaksar, on the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">isthmus</a> connecting Aden to the mainland, hosts diplomatic missions, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aden" title="University of Aden">Aden University's</a> main offices, and Aden International Airport. On the mainland, sectors include Sheikh Othman, an old oasis area; Al-Mansura, a British-planned town; and Madinat ash-Sha'b (formerly Madinat al-Ittihad), the former capital of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabian Federation</a>, now housing a large power/<a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalination</a> facility and additional Aden University faculties. </p><p>Aden encloses the eastern side of a vast, natural harbour that constitutes the modern port. Little Aden was developed as the site of the <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refinery</a> and tanker port. Both were established and operated by <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">British Petroleum</a> until they were turned over to <a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemeni</a> government ownership and control in 1978. </p><p>Aden used to be the capital of <a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a> until its <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">unity</a> with <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic">North Yemen</a> in 22 May 1990. It is currently the temporary capital of Yemen since the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">2014 <i>Coup d'état</i></a>, hosting some members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Yemen" title="Cabinet of Yemen">Cabinet of Yemen</a> mainly in <a href="/wiki/Al-Maashiq_Palace" title="Al-Maashiq Palace">al-Maashiq Palace</a>. It is also the seat of the secessionist <a href="/wiki/Southern_Transitional_Council" title="Southern Transitional Council">Southern Transitional Council</a>, which exercises control over the city.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aden is a home and a place for ships, and the word Aden means reside in the place, so the word "Aden" means resident, and it is said "Aden Al-Balad", meaning the settlement of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the sayings of geographers about the city: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamwi</a> said:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "It is a famous city on the coast of the Indian Sea, towards the Yemen, and it is poor, with no water or pasture. They drink from a spring between it and Aden, about a distance of about today, and despite that, it is bad, except that this place is the port for Indian ships, and merchants gather there for that reason, as it is a town of trade." And it is added to <a href="/wiki/Abyan_Governorate" title="Abyan Governorate">Abyan</a>, which is the opposite of Aden in its entirety. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Manzur" title="Ibn Manzur">Ibn Manzur</a> said:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "It is a country on the edge of the sea in the furthest part of Yemen." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> said:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "This Aden is one of the most fortified cities in Yemen, and it is on the bank of the Indian Sea. It is still a country of trade from the time of the Trabaids, and most of them were built with stones, which is why silk merchants visit it often." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Aden" title="Timeline of Aden">Timeline of Aden</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Yemen" title="History of Yemen">History of Yemen</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Aden is an ancient port and was mentioned by the Greeks under the name (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Αραβία Εμπόριον</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Arabia Emporion</i></span>), which means an Arabic trade port.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port's convenient position on the sea route between India and Europe has made Aden desirable to rulers who sought to possess it at various times throughout history. Known as <a href="/wiki/Eudaemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudaemon">Eudaemon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ευδαίμων</span>, meaning "blissful, prosperous",) in the 1st century BC, it was a transshipping point for the Red Sea trade, but fell on hard times when new shipping practices by-passed it and made the daring direct crossing to India in the 1st century AD, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a></i>. The same work describes Aden as "a village by the shore", which would well describe the town of Crater while it was still little-developed. There is no mention of fortification at this stage, Aden was more an island than a peninsula as the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">isthmus</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Tombolo" title="Tombolo">tombolo</a>) was not then so developed as it is today. Aden was explicitly mentioned by this name in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a>, which talks about Jerusalem, and it says:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>"The merchants of <a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a> and Raamah are your merchants. They set up your markets with the finest perfumes and every precious stone and gold. Harran, Qena, and Aden are the merchants of Sheba, and Assyria and Kilmud are your merchants."</p></blockquote><p>At its beginning, the city was a small peninsula with no significant natural resources, but its location between Egypt and India made it important in the ancient Indian Ocean trade route. The city was the home of the ancient Kingdom of Osan from the eighth to seventh centuries BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Gentiles'_p.89_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gentiles'_p.89-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the beginning of the seventh century BC, <a href="/wiki/Karib%27il_Watar" title="Karib'il Watar">Karbil Watar I</a>, king of the Kingdom of Sheba, launched a campaign against Osan during which, according to the Sabaean texts, sixteen thousand people were killed, forty thousand people were enslaved, and the kings of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Awsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Awsan">Awsan</a> made offerings to the god.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_McLaughlin_p.1752_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_McLaughlin_p.1752-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Almaqah" title="Almaqah">al-Maqah</a>, according to the inscription that Karbiel Watar I left in <a href="/wiki/Sirwah" title="Sirwah">Sirwah</a>, commemorating his victory.<sup id="cite_ref-Conti_Rossini_1931_p.55_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conti_Rossini_1931_p.55-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second half of the first century BC, the Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar determined to control Arabia Felix and reach the Indian Ocean. The Roman governor of Egypt, Aelius Gallus, was sent in 25 BC. The campaign ended with disastrous results and the annihilation of the Roman army in front of the walls of Ma'rib.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Himyarites overthrew the Kingdom of Sheba in 275 AD and took control of Aden.<sup id="cite_ref-Volume_1_p.252_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Volume_1_p.252-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent incomplete archaeological studies suggest that the Himyarites were the ones who built the huge water cisterns currently known as the "Cisterns of Aden", which stored approximately 136,382,757 liters of water.<sup id="cite_ref-T._Norris,_F._W_1955_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T._Norris,_F._W_1955-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sir_Robert_Lambert_Playfair_p.7_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sir_Robert_Lambert_Playfair_p.7-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Himyarite Kingdom fell in the first quarter of the sixth century AD. Yusuf Dhu Nuwas mentioned Bab al-Mandab in one of his writings. The forces of the Kingdom of Aksum were entering Yemen through it. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> sent a fleet to fight the Himyarite Jews and support the Kingdom of Aksum and the Christians of Najran. The fleet entered through Aden. Byzantine sources indicate that the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> took control of the city in 571 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Frye_p.325_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Frye_p.325-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A local legend in Yemen states that Aden may be as old as human history itself. Some also believe that <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a> are buried somewhere in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_history">Medieval history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the pre-Islamic <a href="/wiki/Himyar" title="Himyar">Himyar</a> civilization was capable of building large structures, there seems to have been little fortification at this stage. Fortifications at Mareb and other places in Yemen and the <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a> make it clear that both the Himyar and the <a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">Sabean</a> cultures were well capable of it. Thus, watchtowers, since destroyed, are possible. However, the Arab historians <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mujawir" title="Ibn al-Mujawir">Ibn al Mujawir</a> and Abu Makhramah attribute the first fortification of Aden to Beni Zuree'a. Abu Makhramah has also included a detailed biography of Muhammad Azim Sultan Qamarbandi Naqsh in his work, Tarikh ul-Yemen. The aim seems to have been twofold: to keep hostile forces out and to maintain revenue by controlling the movement of goods, thereby preventing smuggling. In its original form, some of this work was relatively feeble. </p><p>With the introduction of Islam to Yemen in the seventh century AD, Aden experienced a period of stagnation that lasted until the ninth century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_McLaughlin_p.1752_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_McLaughlin_p.1752-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early years of Islam, Aden belonged to the province of Jund (Taiz).<sup id="cite_ref-Early_Islam_p.182_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early_Islam_p.182-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was controlled by the state of <a href="/wiki/Ziyadid_dynasty" title="Ziyadid dynasty">Ziyadid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhid</a>. After the death of <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sulayhi" title="Ali al-Sulayhi">Ali bin Muhammad Al-Sulayhi</a>, his son took charge of <a href="/wiki/Zurayids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurayids">Zurayids</a>, and Aden continued to pay the annual royalty until <a href="/wiki/Arwa_al-Sulayhi" title="Arwa al-Sulayhi">Queen Arwa bint Ahmed Al-Sulayhi</a> reduced it.<sup id="cite_ref-H.C._Kay,_Yaman_1892,_pp._66-7_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H.C._Kay,_Yaman_1892,_pp._66-7-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fall of the Sulayhid state, the Banu Zurayi became independent in Aden, taking advantage of the Sulayhids’ preoccupation with the <a href="/wiki/Khawlan" title="Khawlan">Khawlan</a> tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-عمارة_بن_علي_تاريخ_اليمن_ص_174_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-عمارة_بن_علي_تاريخ_اليمن_ص_174-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zurayites continued to rule Aden, Lahj, and Abyan for less than forty years until they fell under the Ayyubids’ control of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major battle took place between <a href="/wiki/Turan-Shah" title="Turan-Shah">Turan Shah bin Ayyub</a> and Yasser bin Bilal al-Muhammadi, Minister of State, and the Zurayiyyah were defeated and al-Muhammadi fled to Taiz.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most important contributors to the defeat of the Zurayids was their ongoing wars with the Bani Mahdi in <a href="/wiki/Tihamah" title="Tihamah">Tihama</a> and the departure of their army to confront the Ayyubids instead of fortifying themselves in Aden.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1175, rebuilding in a more solid form began, and ever since then Aden has been a popular city attracting sailors and merchants from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> and even <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqaddasi">Muqaddasi</a>, Persians formed the majority of Aden's population in the 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was visited by the medieval scholar <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> in the 14th century, who described Aden's reservoirs, the <a href="/wiki/Cisterns_of_Tawila" title="Cisterns of Tawila">Cisterns of Tawila</a>, "These reservoirs accumulate rainwater for the sole purpose of drinking for the city's citizens." </p><p>During the Ayyubid period in Yemen, Sana'a and its environs were more hostile to their presence than other regions.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zaidi tribes were able to defeat the Ayyubids in 1226, but Omar bin Rasul, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Rasulid_dynasty" title="Rasulid dynasty">Rasulid state</a>, was able to repel them, so he tightened his control over Aden. The city regained its position during the days of the Rasulids, so they dug wells and built schools, and Aden flourished commercially.<sup id="cite_ref-Aden_p.23_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aden_p.23-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kings of Bani Rasul were also merchants and enacted a number of laws and regulations to codify trade in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Aden_p.24_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aden_p.24-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Banu Tahir were able to control Aden after the Banu Rasool, and the Italian traveller <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_di_Varthema" title="Ludovico di Varthema">Lodovico di Verthama</a> describes it as one of the most powerful cities seen on Earth during the days of the <a href="/wiki/Tahirids_(Yemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahirids (Yemen)">Tahirids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Egypt,_Syria_p.59_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egypt,_Syria_p.59-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assault_on_Aden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Assault_on_Aden.jpg/250px-Assault_on_Aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Assault_on_Aden.jpg/330px-Assault_on_Aden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Assault_on_Aden.jpg/500px-Assault_on_Aden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistador</a> and viceroy <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a> failed twice to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aden" title="Siege of Aden">capture Aden</a> in 1513.</figcaption></figure><p>In 1513, the Portuguese, led by <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a>, launched an unsuccessful four-day naval <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aden" title="Siege of Aden">siege of Aden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Broeze2013_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broeze2013-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mamluks in Egypt sensed the danger and sent a force led by Hussein al-Kurdi. The victorious King Amer bin Abdul Wahhab provided great aid to the Kurds, but he suffered a heavy defeat in the Battle of Diu. The Mamluks sent a second fleet, but the victorious king refused to cooperate with the Mamluks because he had succeeded in repelling the Portuguese from Aden without their help.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hussein al-Kurdi became angry and allied with the Zaidi Imam, who was opposed to the Tahirids, al-Mutawakkil Sharaf al-Din, and the Tahirid cities fell successively, with the exception of Aden.<sup id="cite_ref-Ronald_Lewcock_p.68_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ronald_Lewcock_p.68-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman Empire took control of the city in 1538. The Ottomans' goal was to prevent the Portuguese from controlling Aden, so the city witnessed difficult days, in addition to the fact that the port of Mocha gained greater importance at the expense of Aden during the sixteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Sir_Robert_Lambert_Playfair_p.143_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sir_Robert_Lambert_Playfair_p.143-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's population declined and it turned into a small village with a population of no more than 600 people.<sup id="cite_ref-al-bab.com_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-bab.com-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While its population was approximately eighty thousand people during the days of the Rasulid state.<sup id="cite_ref-H_Kour,_p.14_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H_Kour,_p.14-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hogenberg.Aden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hogenberg.Aden.jpg/960px-Hogenberg.Aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="944" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hogenberg.Aden.jpg/1416px-Hogenberg.Aden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hogenberg.Aden.jpg/1888px-Hogenberg.Aden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11381" data-file-height="4694" /></a><figcaption>Aden, with Portuguese fleet (1590)</figcaption></figure><p>In 1421, China's Ming dynasty <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a> ordered principal envoy grand eunuch Li Xing and grand eunuch Zhou Man of <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>'s fleet to convey an imperial edict with hats and robes to bestow on the king of Aden. The envoys boarded three treasure ships and <a href="/wiki/Treasure_voyages" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasure voyages">set sail from Sumatra to the port of Aden</a>. This event was recorded in the book <i>Yingyai Shenglan</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ma_Huan" title="Ma Huan">Ma Huan</a> who accompanied the imperial envoy.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule, Aden was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Lahej" title="Sultanate of Lahej">Sultanate of Lahej</a>, under suzerainty of the Zaidi imams of Yemen. The first political intercourse between Lahej and the British took place in 1799, when a naval force was sent from Great Britain, with a detachment of troops from India, to occupy the island of Perim and prevent all communication of the French in Egypt with the Indian Ocean, by way of the Red Sea. The island of Perim was found unsuitable for troops, and the Sultan of Lahej, Ahmed bin Abdul Karim, received the detachment for some time at Aden. He proposed to enter into an alliance and to grant Aden as a permanent station, but the offer was declined. A Treaty was, however, concluded with the Sultan in 1802 by Admiral Sir Home Popham, who was instructed to enter into political and commercial alliances with the chief rulers on the Arabian coast of the Red Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crater_lighthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crater_lighthouse.jpg/250px-Crater_lighthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crater_lighthouse.jpg/330px-Crater_lighthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crater_lighthouse.jpg/500px-Crater_lighthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1019" /></a><figcaption>Crater lighthouse next to the post office at the beginning of the last century</figcaption></figure> <p>The situation was different in the north of the country, where the <a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaidis</a> did not recognize the authority of the Ottomans and revolted against them many times, the most recent of which was the revolution of <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imam</a> <i>Al-Mansur Billah Al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Al-Qasim</i>, who and his son <i>Al-Mu'ayyad Billah Muhammad</i> were able to unite the tribes and expel the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The imams relied on the revenues from the port of <a href="/wiki/Mokha" title="Mokha">Mocha</a>, and Aden was not as important as the Abadlahs were. At the end of the eighteenth century, Sultan <i>Fadl al-Abdali</i> concluded an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Yafa%27a" title="Yafa'a">Yafi</a> tribes to rebel against the Zaidi imams and monopolize Aden's revenues equally among them.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Lahej" title="Sultanate of Lahej">Lahej</a> got rid of the imams, but he did not fulfill his promise to Yafa. The Zaidi imams did not recognize inheritance and saw fighting for the imamate, so the war between <i>Al-Nasir Muhammad bin Ishaq</i> and <i>Al-Mansur Al-Hussein bin Al-Mutawakkil</i> prolonged, so Al-Abdali took the opportunity to declare his independence in Lahej and Aden.<sup id="cite_ref-Harold_F._Jacob_p.252_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harold_F._Jacob_p.252-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English had been visiting Aden and Mocha from 1609, led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton_(captain)" title="Henry Middleton (captain)">Sir Henry Middleton</a>, who was imprisoned, his ships confiscated, and eight of his men killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Harold_F._Jacob_p.252_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harold_F._Jacob_p.252-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British tried to conclude treaties with the Zaidi imams after the Ottomans were expelled from Aden. They visited Sana'a and Mocha, but they treated the British ambassador poorly and rejected his offer. Things were different when the Abdali gained independence from Lahj and Medina. They signed a treaty with the British in 1802, stipulating that they build a factory in Crater and allocate a special cemetery for British subjects free of charge. The Abdali wanted protection from the tribes. Sultan Fadl bin Ali was killed by Yafi’ gunmen, then one of the sheikhs of Al-Hujariya invaded Lahj and besieged it for five months. Al-Awaliq also besieged it with eight thousand fighters, and they did not leave until Sultan Ahmed bin Abdul Karim paid them seven thousand dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the Fadl family attacked Aden in 1836. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_administration_1839–1967"><span id="British_administration_1839.E2.80.931967"></span>British administration 1839–1967</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: British administration 1839–1967"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Aden" title="State of Aden">State of Aden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_of_Aden_1890%27s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Port_of_Aden_1890%27s.png/250px-Port_of_Aden_1890%27s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Port_of_Aden_1890%27s.png/330px-Port_of_Aden_1890%27s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Port_of_Aden_1890%27s.png/500px-Port_of_Aden_1890%27s.png 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Port of Aden 1890</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aden_postcard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Aden_postcard.jpg/220px-Aden_postcard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Aden_postcard.jpg/330px-Aden_postcard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Aden_postcard.jpg/440px-Aden_postcard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1548" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Port of Aden (around 1910). Ships lying off Steamer Point at the entrance to the modern inner harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Aden_(Baedeker_1914).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Map_of_Aden_%28Baedeker_1914%29.jpg/250px-Map_of_Aden_%28Baedeker_1914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Map_of_Aden_%28Baedeker_1914%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Aden_%28Baedeker_1914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Map_of_Aden_%28Baedeker_1914%29.jpg/500px-Map_of_Aden_%28Baedeker_1914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1737" data-file-height="1149" /></a><figcaption>Map of Aden peninsula, ca. 1914</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aden._Esplanade_Road,_Crater,_late_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Aden._Esplanade_Road%2C_Crater%2C_late_1930s.jpg/220px-Aden._Esplanade_Road%2C_Crater%2C_late_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Aden._Esplanade_Road%2C_Crater%2C_late_1930s.jpg/330px-Aden._Esplanade_Road%2C_Crater%2C_late_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Aden._Esplanade_Road%2C_Crater%2C_late_1930s.jpg/440px-Aden._Esplanade_Road%2C_Crater%2C_late_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Esplanade Road in the late 1940s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1609 <i>The Ascension</i> was the first English ship to visit Aden, before sailing on to <a href="/wiki/Mocha_(port)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocha (port)">Mocha</a> during the fourth voyage of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British interests in Aden began in 1796 with <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s invasion of Egypt, after which a British fleet docked at Aden for several months at the invitation of the sultan. The French were defeated in Egypt in 1801, and their <a href="/wiki/Privateers" class="mw-redirect" title="Privateers">privateers</a> were tracked down over the subsequent decade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By 1800, Aden was a small village with a population of 600 Arabs, <a href="/wiki/Somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis">Somalis</a>, Jews, and Indians—housed for the most part in huts of reed matting erected among ruins recalling a vanished era of wealth and prosperity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As there was little British trade in the Red Sea, most British politicians until the 1830s had no further interest in the area beyond the suppression of piracy. However, a small number of government officials and the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> officials thought that a British base in the area was necessary to prevent another French advance through Egypt or <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Game">Russian expansion through Persia</a>. The emergence of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali of Egypt</a> as a strong local ruler only increased their concerns. The governor of Bombay from 1834 to 1838, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Robert Grant">Sir Robert Grant</a>, was one of those who believed that India could only be protected by preemptively seizing "places of strength" to protect the Indian Ocean.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Red Sea increased in importance after the steamship <a href="/wiki/HCS_Hugh_Lindsay_(1829)" title="HCS Hugh Lindsay (1829)"><i>Hugh Lindsay</i></a> sailed from Bombay to the Suez isthmus in 1830, stopping at Aden with the sultan's consent to resupply with coal. Although cargo was still carried around the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> in sailing ships, a steam route to the Suez could provide a much quicker option for transporting officials and important communications. Grant felt that armed ships steaming regularly between Bombay and Suez would help secure British interests in the region and did all he could to progress his vision. After lengthy negotiations due to the costs of investing in the new technology, the government agreed to pay half the costs for six voyages per year and the East India Company board approved the purchase of two new steamers in 1837. Grant immediately announced that monthly voyages to Suez would take place, despite the fact that no secure coal supplying station had been found.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1838, under Muhsin bin Fadl, Lahej ceded 194 km<sup>2</sup> (75 sq mi) including Aden to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a>. On 19 January 1839, the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> landed <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> at Aden to secure the territory and stop attacks by pirates against British shipping to India. In 1850 it was declared a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> port, with the liquor, salt, arms, and <a href="/wiki/Opium_Wars" title="Opium Wars">opium trades</a> developing duties as it won all the coffee trade from <a href="/wiki/Mokha" title="Mokha">Mokha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port lies about equidistant from the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>, which were all important <a href="/wiki/British_possessions" class="mw-redirect" title="British possessions">British possessions</a>. Aden had been an <a href="/wiki/Entrep%C3%B4t" title="Entrepôt">entrepôt</a> and a way-station for ships in the ancient world. There, supplies, particularly water, were replenished, so, in the mid-19th century, it became necessary to replenish <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> and boiler water. Thus Aden acquired a <a href="/wiki/Coaling_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Coaling Station">coaling station</a> at Steamer Point and Aden was to remain under British control until November 1967.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aden_British_Forces_Headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aden_British_Forces_Headquarters.jpg/220px-Aden_British_Forces_Headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aden_British_Forces_Headquarters.jpg/330px-Aden_British_Forces_Headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aden_British_Forces_Headquarters.jpg/440px-Aden_British_Forces_Headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Photograph showing the headquarters of the British Forces in Aden (in Barrack Hill, Steamer Point). The R.A.F. Hospital is seen in the background. Cropped from a postcard published c. 1935.</figcaption></figure> <p>Until 1937, Aden was governed as part of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> and was known as the <a href="/wiki/Aden_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Aden Settlement">Aden Settlement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its original territory was enlarged in 1857 by the 13 km<sup>2</sup> (5.0 sq mi) island of <a href="/wiki/Perim" title="Perim">Perim</a>, in 1868 by the 73 km<sup>2</sup> (28 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/Khuriya_Muriya_Islands" title="Khuriya Muriya Islands">Khuriya Muriya Islands</a>, and in 1915 by the 108 km<sup>2</sup> (42 sq mi) island of <a href="/wiki/Kamaran" title="Kamaran">Kamaran</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The settlement would become <a href="/wiki/Aden_Province" title="Aden Province">Aden Province</a> in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombing_of_Aden_gate_march_1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bombing_of_Aden_gate_march_1963.jpg/220px-Bombing_of_Aden_gate_march_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bombing_of_Aden_gate_march_1963.jpg/330px-Bombing_of_Aden_gate_march_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bombing_of_Aden_gate_march_1963.jpg/440px-Bombing_of_Aden_gate_march_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Bab Aden demolition in March 1963 under the pretext of expanding the road.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1937, the settlement was detached from India and became the <a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Colony of Aden</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a>. The change in government was a step towards the change in the official currency unit. When <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> became independent in 1947, Indian <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupees</a> (divided into <a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">annas</a>) were replaced in Aden by <a href="/wiki/East_African_shilling" title="East African shilling">East African shillings</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a> of Aden and <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a> were also loosely tied to Britain as the <a href="/wiki/Aden_Protectorate" title="Aden Protectorate">Aden Protectorate</a>, which was overseen from Aden. </p><p> Aden's location also made it a useful <i><a href="/wiki/Entrep%C3%B4t" title="Entrepôt">entrepôt</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">mail</a> passing between places around the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> and Europe. Thus, a ship passing from <a href="/wiki/Suez" title="Suez">Suez</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a> could leave mail for <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a> at Aden for collection (See <i><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Aden" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Aden">Postage stamps and postal history of Aden</a></i>).</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mualla_Main_Road.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mualla_Main_Road.JPG/250px-Mualla_Main_Road.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mualla_Main_Road.JPG/330px-Mualla_Main_Road.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mualla_Main_Road.JPG/500px-Mualla_Main_Road.JPG 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Mualla Main Road, 1963. Vehicles at the time were righthand drive and drove on the left, in the British custom until 1977.</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/1947_Aden_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 Aden riots">1947 Aden riots</a> saw more than 80 Jews killed, their property looted and schools burned by a Muslim mob. After the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> in 1956, Aden became the main location in the region for the British.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Aden sent a team of two to the <a href="/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth, Western Australia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federation_of_South_Arabia_and_the_Aden_Emergency">Federation of South Arabia and the Aden Emergency</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Federation of South Arabia and the Aden Emergency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aden,in_1864.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Aden%2Cin_1864.png/220px-Aden%2Cin_1864.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Aden%2Cin_1864.png 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption>A photograph of the harbour of Aden, photographed in 1864.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aden-_1967_(8193118276).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aden-_1967_%288193118276%29.jpg/220px-Aden-_1967_%288193118276%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aden-_1967_%288193118276%29.jpg/330px-Aden-_1967_%288193118276%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aden-_1967_%288193118276%29.jpg/440px-Aden-_1967_%288193118276%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6070" data-file-height="3802" /></a><figcaption>Joint Headquarters of Aden's military. Steamer Point (<a href="/wiki/Tawahi_(Aden)" title="Tawahi (Aden)">Tawahi</a>), Aden, 1967</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">Federation of South Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></div> <p>In order to stabilise Aden and the surrounding Aden Protectorate from the designs of the Egyptian backed republicans of <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic">North Yemen</a>, the British attempted gradually to unite the disparate states of the region in preparation for eventual independence. On 18 January 1963, the Colony of Aden was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Emirates_of_the_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of Arab Emirates of the South">Federation of Arab Emirates of the South</a> against the wishes of North Yemen. The city became the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Aden" title="State of Aden">State of Aden</a> and the Federation was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">Federation of South Arabia</a> (FSA). </p><p>An insurgency against British administration known as the <a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a> began with a grenade attack by the communist <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Yemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberation Front (Yemen)">National Liberation Front</a> (NLF), against the British High Commissioner on 10 December 1963, killing one person and injuring fifty, and a "state of emergency" was declared.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, Britain announced its intention to grant independence to the FSA in 1968, but that British troops would remain in Aden. The security situation deteriorated as NLF and FLOSY (<a href="/wiki/Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Occupied_South_Yemen" title="Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen">Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen</a>) vied for the upper hand.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1967, there were mass riots between the NLF and their rival FLOSY supporters in the old Arab quarter of Aden town. This conflict continued until mid February, despite the intervention of British troops. On 20 June 1967, 23 British Army soldiers were ambushed and shot dead by members of Aden Police during the Aden Mutiny in the Crater District. During the period there were as many attacks on the British troops by both sides as against each other culminating in the destruction of an <a href="/wiki/Aden_Airways" title="Aden Airways">Aden Airways</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">DC3</a> plane in the air with no survivors.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The increased violence was a determining factor in the British ensuring all families were evacuated more quickly than initially intended, as recorded in <i>From Barren Rocks to Living Stones</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 November 1967, British troops were evacuated, leaving Aden and the rest of the FSA under NLF control. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>, who had been the first British troops to arrive in Aden in 1839, were the last to leave – with the exception of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineer</a> detachment (<a href="/wiki/10th_Field_Squadron_(United_Kingdom)" title="10th Field Squadron (United Kingdom)">10 Airfields Squadron</a> left Aden on 13 December 1967). As part of a larger <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Task_force" title="Task force">task force</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Albion" title="HMS Albion">HMS <i>Albion</i></a>'s helicopters lifted off remaining Royal Marine commandos left to secure the airfield.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence">Post-independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a></div> <p>The last British soldier left Aden on November 30, 1967, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(South_Yemen)" title="National Liberation Front (South Yemen)">National Liberation Front</a> had the upper hand at the expense of the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen, whose members were divided between joining the National Front or leaving for North Yemen, so Abdullah Al-Asanj and Muhammad Basindwa left for North Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qahtan al-Sha'bi assumed the presidency of the new state, and the sheikhdoms of the Eastern Protectorate of Hadramaut and Al-Mahra were annexed to the new state. Al-Shaabi took over a new country with a collapsed economy. Civilian workers and businessmen left, and British support ceased. The closure of the Suez Canal in 1967 played an important role in the country’s economy, as it reduced the number of ships crossing Aden by 75%.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new state was divided into six governorates on December 11, 1967, in order to end the manifestations of tribalism in the state and ignore the tribal borders between the defunct sheikhdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 20, 1968, Qahtan dismissed all leftist leaders from the government and party membership. He was able to put down a rebellion led by leftist factions in the army in May of the same year, and faced new rebellions from leftist parties in July, August and December 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because all Arab countries welcomed the front. National Liberation received a cold reception. Regimes like Egypt wanted to merge the National Front with the <a href="/wiki/Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Occupied_South_Yemen" title="Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen">Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen</a>, where the leftist section was more numerous than the supporters of the popular Qahtan.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They wanted a regime that would lead the masses and face the great challenges facing the new state, the most important of which was the bankruptcy of the treasury. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Freedom_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_Freedom_Statue.jpg/250px-The_Freedom_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_Freedom_Statue.jpg/330px-The_Freedom_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_Freedom_Statue.jpg/500px-The_Freedom_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>People celebrating the <a href="/wiki/14th_October_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="14th October Revolution">14th October Revolution</a> next to the "Freedom statue" in al-Oroud Square</figcaption></figure> <p>Qahtan al-Shaabi dismissed Interior Minister Muhammad Ali Haitham on 16 June 1969, but the latter, with his ties to the tribes and the army, reassembled the leftist forces that had been dispersed by President Qahtan al-Shaabi, and they were able to place him under house arrest on 22 June.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A presidential committee was formed from Five people: Salem Rabie Ali, who became president, Muhammad Saleh Al-Awlaki, Ali Antar, Abdel Fattah Ismail, and Muhammad Ali Haitham, who became prime minister. This group took an extreme leftist line, declaring its support for the Palestinians and the Dhofar Revolution, and strengthening its relationship with the Soviet Union. West Germany severed its relationship with the state due to its recognition of East Germany, and the United States also severed its relationship in October 1969. The new powers issued a new constitution, nationalised foreign banks and insurance companies, and changed the name of the country to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in line with the Marxist-Leninist approach they followed. A centrally planned economy was established.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port of Aden was the largest source of national income for the Republic of South Yemen, but the closure of the Suez Canal by Egypt between the years 1967 and 1975 - reduced commercial activities in the port.<sup id="cite_ref-مولد_تلقائيا1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-مولد_تلقائيا1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-Z1107-028,_LPG_Striegnitz,_Besuch_einer_jemenitischen_Delegation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-Z1107-028%2C_LPG_Striegnitz%2C_Besuch_einer_jemenitischen_Delegation.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-Z1107-028%2C_LPG_Striegnitz%2C_Besuch_einer_jemenitischen_Delegation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-Z1107-028%2C_LPG_Striegnitz%2C_Besuch_einer_jemenitischen_Delegation.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-Z1107-028%2C_LPG_Striegnitz%2C_Besuch_einer_jemenitischen_Delegation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-Z1107-028%2C_LPG_Striegnitz%2C_Besuch_einer_jemenitischen_Delegation.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-Z1107-028%2C_LPG_Striegnitz%2C_Besuch_einer_jemenitischen_Delegation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Ali Nasser during a visit to the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">GDR</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Salem Rabie Ali wanted to adopt a practical approach, so he communicated with the President of North Yemen, Ibrahim al-Hamdi, and made attempts to restore normal relations with Western countries. During his presidency, relations between South Yemen and Saudi Arabia were established in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Salmin, as he is known, coveted more Soviet support, so the contract with Saudi Arabia worried him. The Soviets pushed them to increase aid, but relations with Saudi Arabia became strained again in 1977 following the assassination of North Yemeni President Ibrahim al-Hamdi.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that Salem Rabie Ali orchestrated the assassination of Ahmed Hussein al-Ghashmi in revenge for Ibrahim al-Hamdi.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salem Rabie Ali was subjected to a quick trial that ended with his execution and Abdel Fattah Ismail assuming the presidency of South Yemen. Relations with North Yemen became tense, due to Fattah’s support for the factions opposing Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was more fanatical than his predecessors. Relations with the Soviet Union became active in an unprecedented way, so the Front War broke out in 1978, in which the Soviet Union and the United States intervened.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ali Nasser Muhammad was able to force Abd al-Fattah Ismail al-Jawfi to resign for "health reasons", and Ismail was exiled to Moscow two years after he assumed the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the approach of the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen and its removal of tribal aspects, tribalism remained alive among politicians and the public despite the exposure of its sheikhs. Tribes from their authorities. Tribal and regional favouritism and nepotism remained rife in southern Yemen, as political forces called on their tribal and regional affiliations during crises.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Store_in_Aden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Store_in_Aden.jpg/220px-Store_in_Aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Store_in_Aden.jpg/330px-Store_in_Aden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Store_in_Aden.jpg/440px-Store_in_Aden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Maqhaya</a></i> in Aden with the flag of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Socialist_Party" title="Yemeni Socialist Party">Yemeni Socialist Party</a> hanging above it, 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>By January 1986, Aden was torn apart by the rivalry of two factions in the ruling Socialist Party, when President Ali Nasser Muhammad's guards launched a surprise attack on the political party's office in Aden on January 13, 1986. This was the beginning of the 1986 civil war in South Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-مولد_تلقائيا12_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-مولد_تلقائيا12-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basis of the war was regional. Ali Nasser Muhammad was from Abyan Governorate, while most of those killed in the political party office were from Al-Dhalea and Lahj.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military brigades from those areas bombed Aden from land and sea, forcing Ali Nasser Muhammad to flee and hundreds of thousands of civilians and soldiers to flee to northern Yemen, including <a href="/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansur_Hadi" title="Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi">Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by systematic killings and liquidations against the people of Abyan Governorate, on charges that they were collaborating with Ali Nasser Muhammad. Nearly ten thousand people were killed and thousands migrated towards North Yemen, most of whom were from Abyan and Shabwa.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">unification</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic">north</a> and south Yemen in 1990, Aden was no longer a national capital but remained the capital of <i>Aden Governorate</i> which covered an area similar to that of the Aden Colony. </p><p>On 29 December 1992, <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">Al Qaeda</a> conducted its first known <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> attack in Aden, bombing the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Mohur_Hotel" title="Gold Mohur Hotel">Gold Mohur Hotel</a>, where US servicemen were known to have been staying en route to <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Restore_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Restore Hope">Operation Restore Hope</a>. A Yemeni and an Austrian tourist died in the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs-1stattack_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-1stattack-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yemen_1994_civil-war_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Yemen_1994_civil-war_03.jpg/250px-Yemen_1994_civil-war_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Yemen_1994_civil-war_03.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>Pictures from the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (1994)">1994 Yemeni civil war</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> That war marked the end of the state of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, and <a href="/wiki/Haidar_Abu_Bakr_al-Attas" title="Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas">Haider Abu Bakr Al-Attas</a> assumed the presidency until May 22, 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">unity of South Yemen with North Yemen</a>, and the establishment of the Republic of Yemen. At that time, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Salem_al_Beidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Salem al Beidh">Ali Salem Al-Baidh</a> was considered <a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a>'s deputy, and Haider Abu Bakr Al-Attas was considered <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen" title="Prime Minister of Yemen">prime minister</a>, and after the <a href="/wiki/1993_Yemeni_parliamentary_election" title="1993 Yemeni parliamentary election">1993 elections</a>. Conflicts began within the ruling coalition, and Vice President Ali Salem Al-Beidh retreated to Aden in August 1993. The general security situation in the country deteriorated, and the complete integration of the two armies failed. The southern forces, which were transferred to <a href="/wiki/%27Amran_Governorate" title="'Amran Governorate">Amran</a>, clashed with the northern forces there, and the forces of the northern giants, which were transferred to Amran, clashed. Abyan with the southern forces, and the political parties signed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_Covenant_and_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 Covenant and Agreement (page does not exist)">1994 Covenant and Agreement</a>, in the Jordanian capital, on February 20, 1994, in an attempt to end the crisis, and successive events led to the outbreak of the Summer <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (1994)">1994 civil war</a>, and the southern military leaders who fled after the events of 1986 joined the ranks of the forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, and supported the Unity Army in the war against their former comrades in 1994 in the war against the separatists.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the forefront of these emerged a group of the brightest officers, such as President Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi, who became Minister of Defense at the time, the former Chief of Staff, Major General Abdullah Aliwa, and Major General Salem Qatan, who was assassinated by an Al-Qaeda gunman. After the war, Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi was appointed Vice President of the Republic, and remained in office. He held his position until 2012, when he was elected president of the country.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aden,_Yemen_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Aden%2C_Yemen_Port.jpg/250px-Aden%2C_Yemen_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Aden%2C_Yemen_Port.jpg/330px-Aden%2C_Yemen_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Aden%2C_Yemen_Port.jpg/500px-Aden%2C_Yemen_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>View of Aden from the sea</figcaption></figure> <p>Members of al Qaeda attempted to bomb the US guided-missile destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_The_Sullivans_(DDG-68)" title="USS The Sullivans (DDG-68)"><i>The Sullivans</i></a> at the port of Aden as part of the <a href="/wiki/2000_millennium_attack_plots" title="2000 millennium attack plots">2000 millennium attack plots</a>. The boat that had the explosives in it sank, forcing the planned attack to be aborted.<sup id="cite_ref-fbi-terror-00-01_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fbi-terror-00-01-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Piszkiewicz_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piszkiewicz-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">bombing attack on destroyer USS <i>Cole</i></a> took place in Aden on 12 October 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007 growing dissatisfaction with unification led to the formation of the secessionist <a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="South Yemen Movement">South Yemen Movement</a>. According to <i>The New York Times</i>, the Movement's mainly underground leadership includes socialists, Islamists and individuals desiring a return to the perceived benefits of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Democratic Republic of Yemen">People's Democratic Republic of Yemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temporary_capital_and_civil_war">Temporary capital and civil war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Temporary capital and civil war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Revolution">Yemeni Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni crisis (2011–present)">Yemeni crisis (2011–present)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2018_Yemeni_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Yemeni coup d'état">2018 Yemeni coup d'état</a></div> <p>Aden remained in a state of political stagnation for 25 years until President Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi took refuge there and carried out his work from the Republican Palace in Aden. Hadi declared Aden the temporary capital on March 7, 2015, instead of Sana’a, which he described as occupied by the Houthis. This was after the Houthis took control of Sanaa on September 21, 2015, and imposed a siege on the Republican Palace and the home of President Hadi on January 20. Hadi submitted his resignation on January 22 to Parliament, which did not hold a session to accept or reject the resignation, and Hadi remained under house arrest imposed by the Houthis. Until he was able to leave for Aden on February 21, 2015, he retracted his resignation, and announced a statement in which he said, "All decisions taken since September 21 are invalid and have no legitimacy." </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Abd_Rabbuh_Mansur_Hadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi">Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi</a> fled to Aden, his hometown, in February 2015 after being deposed in the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Yemeni_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état">coup d'état</a> that many consider to be the start of the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a>. Others consider that the civil war began in September 2014 when Houthi forces <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sanaa_(2014)" title="Battle of Sanaa (2014)">took over the capital city Sana'a</a>, which was followed by a rapid <a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover of the government</a>. </p><p>Hadi declared in Aden that he was still Yemen's legitimate president and called on state institutions and loyal officials to relocate to Aden.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a televised speech on 21 March 2015, he declared Aden to be Yemen's "economic and temporary capital" while <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a> is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Houthis" title="Houthis">Houthis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dw_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aden was hit by violence in the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2014%E2%80%9315_Yemeni_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermath of the 2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état">aftermath of the coup d'état</a>, with forces loyal to Hadi clashing with those loyal to former president <a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_Airport" title="Battle of Aden Airport">battle</a> for <a href="/wiki/Aden_International_Airport" title="Aden International Airport">Aden International Airport</a> on 19 March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the airport battle, the entire city became a battleground for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2015)" title="Battle of Aden (2015)">Battle of Aden</a>, which left large parts of the city in ruins and has killed at least 198 people since 25 March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-despair_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-despair-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Arab and foreign embassies were transferred to Aden, and Defense Minister Mahmoud Al-Subaihi was able to leave Sanaa for Aden and met with President Hadi. On March 4, 2016, unidentified gunmen stormed the Mother Teresa House in the city and killed sixteen people, including four nuns. A number of the old city's churches have also been destroyed by Islamic extremists since mid-2015. </p><p>On 14 July 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_Army" title="Saudi Arabian Army">Saudi Arabian Army</a> launched an offensive to win control of the city. Within three days, the city was cleared of <a href="/wiki/Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi">Houthi</a> rebels, ending the Battle of Aden with a coalition victory.<sup id="cite_ref-P&P_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P&P-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning on 28 January 2018, separatists loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Transitional_Council" title="Southern Transitional Council">Southern Transitional Council</a> (STC) seized control of the Yemeni government headquarters in Aden in a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2018)" title="Battle of Aden (2018)">coup d'état</a> against the Hadi-led government.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 December 2020, the undersecretary of labour and deputy minister of public works were <a href="/wiki/2020_Aden_airport_attack" title="2020 Aden airport attack">killed along with between 20 and 30 others at the Aden airport</a> while they conducted an international press briefing about their new arrangements with the STC, which includes the partition of forces inside Aden, as they returned from hiding in the Saudi capital. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Maeen_Abdulmalik_Saeed" title="Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed">Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed</a>, his ministers and his entourage were conducted to safety under the barrage of hostile fire.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcmk_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcmk-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbgmh_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbgmh-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialects">Dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic" title="Yemeni Arabic">Yemeni Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BDizzi-Adeni_Arabic" title="Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic">Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic</a></div> <p>The entry of the Yemenis into Islam contributed to their abandoning their ancient script and replacing it with the late Nabataean alphabet in which the Qur’an was written.<sup id="cite_ref-note1_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Yemenis speak Arabic in the Yemeni dialect, which is a developed dialect and closely linked to the ancient language.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has three dialects with branches: the <a href="/wiki/San%CA%BDani_Arabic" title="Sanʽani Arabic">Sanani dialect</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Hadrami dialect</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BDizzi-Adeni_Arabic" title="Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic">Taizi-Adeni dialect</a>, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Bedouin_Arabic" title="Bedouin Arabic">Bedouin dialect</a> of the residents of <a href="/wiki/Marib" title="Marib">Marib</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jawf_Governorate" title="Al Jawf Governorate">Al-Jawf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shabwa" title="Shabwa">Shabwa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut#Inner_Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Inner Hadhramaut</a>, and each of these dialects has characteristics and features.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_poetry">Music and poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Music and poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Mohammed_Salem_Bin_Shamikh_-_aden.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Mohammed_Salem_Bin_Shamikh_-_aden.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mohammed_Salem_Bin_Shamikh_-_aden.jpg/250px-Mohammed_Salem_Bin_Shamikh_-_aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mohammed_Salem_Bin_Shamikh_-_aden.jpg/500px-Mohammed_Salem_Bin_Shamikh_-_aden.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Artist Muhammad Salem bin Shamekh at a popular singing concert in Aden</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Music of Yemen</a></div> <p>Adeni art or the <i>Adeniyat</i> is an art of Arabic music. Among the ancient artists of Aden are Iskander Thabet Saleh and Muhammad Murshid Naji, and among the poets are Abdul Rahman Ibrahim Muhammad, Ahmed Ghaleb Muhammad Al-Jabri, Abdullah Abdul Karim Muhammad, Ali Abdullah Jaafar Aman, Farid Muhammad Barakat, Lotfi Jaafar Aman, and Mohsen Ali Brik.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Adeni music" played a major role in Aden society, and artists in the Aden dialect were called "al-Mutariba", meaning people of music. Adeni music began in 1920 when the army of the Aden Protectorate was formed, and after it the National Guard, where there were teams for those forces and those teams participated On special occasions and weddings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_League" title="Yemeni League">Yemeni League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Yemen" title="Football in Yemen">Football in Yemen</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Sports_Assembly_Edenic.jpeg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Sports_Assembly_Edenic.jpeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sports_Assembly_Edenic.jpeg/250px-Sports_Assembly_Edenic.jpeg" decoding="async" width="240" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sports_Assembly_Edenic.jpeg/500px-Sports_Assembly_Edenic.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Aden Sports Association</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-independence">Pre-independence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pre-independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first beginning of Adenian sports dates back to the year 1902, when the Adeni Tennis Club was established, with its headquarters in the Al-Qatee’ neighborhood in Crater, and Youssef Muhammad Khan founded the "Recreational Club United" in the city of Crater, and it was known as the Yousef Khan Stadium. The city of Aden is considered the first city in which sports were practiced in the Arabian Peninsula, and the first private club in Aden was founded in 1905 under the name "Al-Ittihad Al-Muhammadi Club", as the first sports club in Yemen and the Arab world. He was fighting the occupation army divisions and the fleet divisions coming and passing to the port of Aden.<sup id="cite_ref-adenalghad.net2_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adenalghad.net2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1924, the "Al-Husseini Sports Club" was founded in Crater, and a third club appeared in Tawahi under the name "Al-Bamboot Club" and Sheikh Othman. The 1930s witnessed the emergence of a number of clubs. In 1933, the "Nujoom Al-Layl Club", Al-Aidrousi Club, and Nujoom Al-Sabah Club appeared in Crater, and in Tawahi, the "Al-Ittihad Al-Islami Club" (Al-Mawlada) appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-adenalghad.net2_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adenalghad.net2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until that year, football matches were played in a friendly manner between the teams of the Crater, Al-Tawahi, and Sheikh Othman regions, as there were no federations regulating sports activity. In 1934, the occupation authority announced the establishment of a sports association called the "Adeniya Sports Association", after the increasing number of local clubs. Its members were appointed by the Governor-General of Aden, and all of its members were English, headed by the English Governor of Aden, Bernard Reilly, as sponsor. The association's board of directors consists of Hikam Bottom as president, the Indian Rosario as secretary, and two other members. </p><p>This association began holding the first club tournament, which was the "Rosario Cup Championship". Six clubs participated in the tournament, three from Crater (Al-Ittihad Al-Mohammadi, Al-Husseini, and Nojoom Al-Layl), from Al-Tawahi (Al-Mawalda, and Al-Bamiot), and from Sheikh Othman, Sheikh Othman Club, which includes Players from various small teams in the Sheikh Othman area, and Al-Ittihad Al-Mohammadi Club won this championship. </p><p>Among the most important tournaments held in Aden before independence were the Rosario Cup, the Riley Cup, the Somali Bassem Al-Nar Cup, the Aramco Cup, and the Kik Muncherji Championship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_2">Post-independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Post-independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After independence, the "Football Federation" was established on January 18, 1968, on the ruins of the "Adeniya Sports Association". The Federation took a decision regarding the Adeniya clubs, which had numbered about 64 sports clubs, reducing and merging the clubs in Aden and Lahj to only 16 clubs, and the clubs were forced to join or unite with large teams. In February 1968, several sports clubs were abolished, leaving only 12 clubs remaining. In December 1968, Al-Islah Club and Al-Shaab Club were merged into one club under the name of the latter in Al-Tawahi. In 1969, the Al-Ittihad Al-Muhammadi Club and Al-Tadamon Club were united in <a href="/wiki/Crater_(Aden)" title="Crater (Aden)">Crater</a>, under the name Al-Tadamon Al-Muhammadi Club.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the "First General Sports Conference" in 1973, the clubs were merged and reduced again, so that their number became only 7 clubs: Al-Ahrar Club, Al-Ahly Club, Shamsan Club, Al-Shaab Club, Al-Hilal Club, United Youth Club, and Aden Tennis Club. On July 18, 1975, the stage of forming urban clubs, and the beginning of the stage of politicization of the clubs in favor of the National Liberation Front, took place. It was decided to change their names and reduce them to become 5 clubs: Al-Tilal Club, Shamsan Club, Al-Minaa Club, Al-Wahda Club, and Al-Shoula Club.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On July 18, 1975, the "Al-Tilal Sports Club" appeared, headed by Yassin Saeed Noman, as a new name for the "Al-Ittihad Al-Muhammadi Club", which was founded in 1905, and in 1976 the "Yemeni Football Federation" appeared. Al-Tilal Club participated in the "September 26 Cup Competition" in 1980, as the first football competition in which it participated with teams from northern and southern Yemen, such as the national team of Ibb Governorate, Taiz Governorate, Hadhramaut Governorate, Lahj and Hodeidah, at the Shaheed Al-Dharafi Stadium in Sana’a, and Al-Hilal was crowned champion of the September 26 Cup, after victory over Hodeidah national team by five clean goals.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Football is the most popular sport in Aden. There are 9 stadiums in Aden, including the May 22 International Stadium, and 10 sports clubs. In November 2010, Aden hosted the <a href="/wiki/20th_Arabian_Gulf_Cup" title="20th Arabian Gulf Cup">2010 Arabian Gulf Football Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourist_sites">Tourist sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tourist sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_Scene_Aden_Yemen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Street_Scene_Aden_Yemen.jpg/220px-Street_Scene_Aden_Yemen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Street_Scene_Aden_Yemen.jpg/330px-Street_Scene_Aden_Yemen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Street_Scene_Aden_Yemen.jpg/440px-Street_Scene_Aden_Yemen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption>Crown Library of Aden, 1999</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Town_Aden_Yemen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Old_Town_Aden_Yemen.jpg/220px-Old_Town_Aden_Yemen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Old_Town_Aden_Yemen.jpg/330px-Old_Town_Aden_Yemen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Old_Town_Aden_Yemen.jpg/440px-Old_Town_Aden_Yemen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1258" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>Aban Mosque</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_museum_of_Yemen_aden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/National_museum_of_Yemen_aden.jpg/220px-National_museum_of_Yemen_aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/National_museum_of_Yemen_aden.jpg/330px-National_museum_of_Yemen_aden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/National_museum_of_Yemen_aden.jpg/440px-National_museum_of_Yemen_aden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Palace of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Lahej" title="Sultanate of Lahej">Sultanate of Lahej</a>, now the National Museum of Yemen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crescent_hotel_aden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Crescent_hotel_aden.jpg/220px-Crescent_hotel_aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Crescent_hotel_aden.jpg/330px-Crescent_hotel_aden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Crescent_hotel_aden.jpg/440px-Crescent_hotel_aden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Crescent Hotel</figcaption></figure> <p>Aden has several historical and natural sites of interest to visitors. These include: </p> <ul><li>The historical British churches, one of which lies empty and semi-derelict in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> Temple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisterns_of_Tawila" title="Cisterns of Tawila">The Cisterns of Tawila</a>—an ancient water-catchment system located in the sub-centre of Crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sira_Fortress" title="Sira Fortress">Sira Fortress</a></li> <li>The Aden Minaret<sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet.com_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet.com-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben_Aden" title="Big Ben Aden">Little Ben</a>, a miniature <a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a> Clock Tower overlooking Steamer Point. Built during the colonial period, this was restored in 2012 after 3 decades of neglect since the British withdrawal of 1967.</li> <li>The Landing Pier at Steamer Point is a 19th-century building used by visiting dignitaries during the colonial period, most notably Queen Elizabeth during her 1954 visit to the colony. This building was hit by an airstrike in 2015 and is currently in the process of being restored in 2019.</li> <li>The Crescent Hotel which contained a number of artifacts relating to the Royal Visit of 1954 and which currently remains derelict as a result of a recent airstrike.</li> <li>The Palace of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Lahej" title="Sultanate of Lahej">Sultanate of Lahej</a>/National Museum—The National Museum was founded in 1966 and is located in what used to be the Palace of the Sultanate of Lahej. Northern forces robbed it during the 1994 Civil War, but its collection of pieces remains one of the biggest in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Aden Military Museum which features a painting depicting the 20 June 1967 ambush by Arab Police Barracks on a British Army unit when a number of the 22 soldiers killed that day were driving in two Land Rovers on Queen Arwa Road, Crater.</li> <li>The Rimbaud House, which opened in 1991, is the two-story house of French poet <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rimbaud" title="Arthur Rimbaud">Arthur Rimbaud</a> who lived in Aden from 1880 to 1891. Rimbaud moved to Aden on his way to Ethiopia in an attempt for a new life. As of the late 1990s, the first floor of the house belonged to the French Consulate, a cultural centre and a library. The house is located in <a href="/wiki/Al-Tawahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tawahi">al-Tawahi</a>—the European Quarter of Aden—and is politically and culturally debated for its French nature in an area previously colonized by Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The fortifications of Jebal Hadid and Jebal Shamsan</li> <li>The beaches of Aden and Little Aden—Some of the popular beaches in Aden consist of Lover's Bay Beach, Elephant Beach and Gold Beach. The popular beach in Little Aden is called Blue Beach.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some beaches are private and some are public, which is subject to change over time due to the changing resort industry. According to the Wall Street Journal, kidnappings on the beaches and the threat of Al Qaeda has caused problems for the resort industry in Aden, which used to be popular among locals and Westerners.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidrus_Mosque" title="Aidrus Mosque">Al-Aidaroos Mosque</a><sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet.com_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet.com-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Main Pass – now called Al-Aqba Road is the only road into Aden through Crater. Originally an Arched Upper bridge known as Main Gate, it overlooked Aden city and was built during the Ottoman Empire. A painted crest of the 24th British army battalion is still visible on the brickwork adjacent to the Gate site and is believed to be the only remaining army Crest from colonial rule still visible in Aden. In March 1963 the bridge was removed by a British Army controlled explosion to widen the 2 lane roadway to the present 4 lane highway and the only reminder of this bridge is a quarter scale replica built at the end of the Al-Aqba road intersection known as the AdenGate Model roundabout.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_transportation">Economy and transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy and transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Aden" title="Port of Aden">Port of Aden</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Green_Lighthouse.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Green_Lighthouse.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Green_Lighthouse.jpg/260px-Green_Lighthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Green_Lighthouse.jpg/390px-Green_Lighthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Green_Lighthouse.jpg/520px-Green_Lighthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>A small green lighthouse in the port of Aden, and there is another white lighthouse (Aden Lighthouse).</figcaption></figure> <p>The industrial activity in Aden is represented by a group of factories and production units, the forefront of which is the oil refinery. The oil refinery in Aden is considered one of the first refineries to be established in the region, and began operating in 1954 AD. The Aden Refineries Company has facilities such as an oil tanker port, a network of storage tanks, and a center to supply ships with fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-الأنشطة_الاقتصادية_لمحافظة_عدن_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الأنشطة_الاقتصادية_لمحافظة_عدن-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, Aden was a station for importing goods from the African coast and from Europe, the United States, and India. As of 1920, Aden was a major commercial center for trade in the Arabian Peninsula, and the port exported small quantities of local products to most Arab ports. Aden provided coal and salt to passing ships, and the port was a stopping point for ships when they entered Bab al-Mandab. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Port_Of_Aden.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Port_Of_Aden.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Port_Of_Aden.jpg/280px-Port_Of_Aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Port_Of_Aden.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Aden" title="Port of Aden">Port of Aden</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aden03_flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aden03_flickr.jpg/250px-Aden03_flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aden03_flickr.jpg/330px-Aden03_flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aden03_flickr.jpg/500px-Aden03_flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Aden's harbour in 1960</figcaption></figure><p>Historically, the port of Aden was the main transport port in the region. Passenger ships land in Al-Tawahi District, and the city is served by Aden International Airport, which is about 10 kilometers (6 mi) from the city. The airport is the main headquarters of Al-Saeeda Airlines and its operations center. The airport is considered the second largest airport. In Yemen, after Sana'a International Airport, it is considered the best airport in Yemen in terms of location due to the mountainous nature of Yemen. However, this airport is surrounded by the Arabian Sea in terms of take-off and landing. The establishment of Aden Airport dates back to the year 1927 when the British forces established a military airport in the district. Khor Maksar. After World War II, Britain carried out extensive urban modernization and built <a href="/wiki/Aden_International_Airport" title="Aden International Airport">Aden International Airport</a>, known today, next to the military airport. <a href="/wiki/Alyemda" title="Alyemda">Al-Yamda</a> Airlines was the official carrier of South Yemen, before unification, and was based in Aden, before merging with Yemen Airways in 1996. Before the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_Airport" title="Battle of Aden Airport">Battle of Aden Airport</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2015_military_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 military intervention in Yemen">2015 military intervention in Yemen</a> closed this airport along with other airports in Yemen. On 22 July, Aden International Airport was declared fit for operation again after the Houthi forces were driven from the city, and a Saudi plane carrying aid reportedly became the first plane to land in Aden in four months.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same day, a ship chartered by the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> carrying fuel docked in Aden's port.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, Aden's <a href="/wiki/Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour">harbour</a> has been a major hub of transportation for the region. As of 1920, the harbour was 13 by 6 km (8 by 4 mi) in size. Passenger ships landed at Steamer Point now called <a href="/wiki/Tawahi_(Aden)" title="Tawahi (Aden)">Tawahi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prothero682_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero682-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the British colonial period motor vehicles <a href="/wiki/Driving_on_the_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving on the left">drove on the left</a>, as in the United Kingdom. On 2 January 1977, Aden, along with the rest of South Yemen, changed to driving on the right, bringing it into line with neighbouring Arab states.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early 20th century, Aden was a prominent export center for coffee grown in the Jubail highlands. And also to export frankincense, wheat, barley, alfalfa and millet, which are produced and exported from Aden. The leaves and stems of clover, millet, and corn produced in Aden were generally used as fodder. Beginning in 1920, Aden was desalinating seawater to produce table salt. Between 1916 and 1917, Aden produced more than 120,000 tons of salt. Aden also produced potash, which was exported to Mumbai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, Aden would import goods from the African coast and from Europe, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prothero682_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero682-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prothero69_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero69-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1920, the British described it as "the chief emporium of Arabian trade, receiving the small quantities of native produce, and supplying the modest wants of the interior and of most of the smaller Arabian ports." At the docks, the city provided <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> to passing ships. The only item being produced by the city, as of 1920, was <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prothero69_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero69-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the port was the stop ships had to take when entering the <a href="/wiki/Bab-el-Mandeb" title="Bab-el-Mandeb">Bab-el-Mandeb</a>; this was how cities like Mecca had received goods by ship. <a href="/wiki/Yemenia" title="Yemenia">Yemen Airlines</a>, the national airline of South Yemen, had its head office in Aden. On 15 May 1996, Yemen Airlines merged with <a href="/wiki/Yemenia" title="Yemenia">Yemenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early 20th century Aden was a notable centre of <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> production. Women processed coffee beans, grown in the Yemen highlands.<sup id="cite_ref-Prothero83_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero83-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a> was also produced and exported from Aden.<sup id="cite_ref-Prothero84_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero84-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prothero86_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero86-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves and stalks of the alfalfa, millet and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> produced in Aden were generally used as <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">fodder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prothero86_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero86-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1920, Aden was also gathering <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> from <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">salt water</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> company called Agostino Burgarella Ajola and Company gathered and process the salt under the name Aden Salt Works. There was also a smaller company from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, called Abdullabhoy and Joomabhoy Lalji & Company that owned a salt production firm in Aden. Both companies exported the salt. Between 1916 and 1917, Aden produced over 120,000 tons of salt. Aden has also produced <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a>, which was generally exported to Mumbai.<sup id="cite_ref-Prothero98_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero98-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aden produced <a href="/wiki/Jollyboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jollyboat">jollyboats</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">Charcoal</a> was produced as well, from <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacia</a>, and mainly in the interior of the region. <a href="/wiki/Cigarette" title="Cigarette">Cigarettes</a> were produced by <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek people">Greek</a> populations in Aden. The <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> used was imported from Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Prothero99_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero99-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the outbreak of the Yemeni Civil War spread to Aden in 2015, the city has been struck by constant protests over a range of issues, but especially concerning electricity generation. Aden's power grid is composed solely of diesel generators and is thus heavily dependent on imported fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main power plant is al-Hasswa diesel power plant, which in June 2021 had only two turbines out of five running, producing up to 50 megawatts (MW) of power in a region where the deficit hovers around 300 MW. Nawfal al-Mojamal, the plant director, said "In its 35 years of existence, al-Hasswa station never had any kind of maintenance, except in 2016 ... when the two turbines were restored".<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_zone">Free zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Free zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aden_Free_Zone" title="Aden Free Zone">Aden Free Zone</a></div> <p>The free zone, which was opened in 1991, represents Yemen's economic gateway and the meeting point of the continents of Asia and Africa. The free zone gains its strategic importance from the special location of the port of Aden, as it is located directly on the main trade route around the world and from the Middle East to Europe and America, and is distinguished by the possibility of providing transit services. To East Africa, the Red Sea, the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Gulf. The free zone represents a storage and distribution area suitable for Africa, the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-الأنشطة_الاقتصادية_لمحافظة_عدن2_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الأنشطة_الاقتصادية_لمحافظة_عدن2-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Yemen" title="Geography of Yemen">Geography of Yemen</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_Adan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_of_Adan.svg/240px-Location_of_Adan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_of_Adan.svg/360px-Location_of_Adan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_of_Adan.svg/480px-Location_of_Adan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Aden's location in Yemen</figcaption></figure> <p>Aden is located on the coast of the Gulf of Aden, and is about 363 kilometers away from the capital, Sana’a. It is located between latitudes 47 and 12 north of the equator, and at an altitude of 6 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by Lahj Governorate to the north and east, and the Governorate of Abyan is from the northwest, and Aden has an air port represented by Aden International Airport, and a sea port represented by the port of Aden, and it has land routes from the north linking it to Hajj, Abyan and Taiz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landforms">Landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Aden is a coastal city, as it overlooks a large body of water, the Gulf of Aden, which in turn opens to the Indian Ocean. The shape of the city of Aden in the form of two peninsulas helped this factor to make the city of Aden unique in this particularity, which clearly affected the occurrence of the phenomenon of land and sea breezes. Which occurs due to air exchange between land and water during the day and night. Its location on the water surface also affects the daily and annual temperature range. This does not mean that there are no significant differences in temperatures in summer and winter.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The surface of the city of Aden slopes south, and the highlands appear in the southern part of Aden, represented by the highlands of Jabal Shamsan, whose highest peaks exceed 500 metres, and the highlands of Jabal Ihsan and Jabal Al-Muzalqim in Little Aden, which are lower in height than Jabal Shamsan, and the highlands of Aden do not differ from the rest of the highlands of Yemen in terms of In terms of composition, it is of volcanic origin, and although the mountain highlands occupy large areas of the city, their influence is weak and limited on the climate of the city of Aden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aden has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert climate</a> (BWh) in the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_climate_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen-Geiger climate classification system">Köppen-Geiger climate classification system</a>. Although Aden sees next to no precipitation year-round, it is humid throughout the year. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Aden </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(106.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(106.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(106.0) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">241.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.4 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.0 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">303.8 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">241.8 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">269.7 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270.0 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">294.5 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">285.0 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.3 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,106.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #F0F010; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><sup id="cite_ref-DWD_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Aden mean sea temperature<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th></tr> <tr> <td>25 °C (77 °F) </td> <td>25 °C (77 °F) </td> <td>26 °C (79 °F) </td> <td>27 °C (81 °F) </td> <td>29 °C (84 °F) </td> <td>30 °C (86 °F) </td> <td>29 °C (84 °F) </td> <td>29 °C (84 °F) </td> <td>30 °C (86 °F) </td> <td>28 °C (82 °F) </td> <td>27 °C (81 °F) </td> <td>25 °C (77 °F) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Beach_View_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Blue_Beach_View_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Blue_Beach_View_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Blue_Beach_View_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-Blue_Beach_View_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Shores of Aden</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coasts">Coasts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Coasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the coasts of Aden Governorate along the coastal strip are sandy coasts, and the governorate has coastal beaches, including the Golden Coast in Al-Tawahi District, the coast of Abyan Bakhour Maksar, Al-Ghadeer Beach, and Kud Al-Nimr Beach in Buraiqa.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offshore_islands">Offshore islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Offshore islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Y%C3%A9men-209.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Y%C3%A9men-209.JPG/240px-Y%C3%A9men-209.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Y%C3%A9men-209.JPG/360px-Y%C3%A9men-209.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Y%C3%A9men-209.JPG/480px-Y%C3%A9men-209.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2271" data-file-height="1514" /></a><figcaption>Khartoum al Feel (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خرطوم الفيل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Elephant's trunk') in the Gold Moor beach of Aden</figcaption></figure> <p>There are about 21 islands around the peninsulas of Aden, Aden Lesser, and Ras Amran. They are mostly rocky islands, some of which are surrounded by incomplete coral reefs, and most of them are considered <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> areas. A number of islands have many activities, especially on Al-Ummal Island and Sirah Island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wild_and_domestic_animal_diversity">Wild and domestic animal diversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Wild and domestic animal diversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yemen is considered one of the countries rich in bird species in the Middle East due to the availability of many suitable coastal environments that helped attract many migratory birds to wetland sites, coasts and islands. The Aden region (Khor Maksar - Al-Haswah) was registered on the list of important areas of the World Bird Organization as a habitat. The last three species that are globally threatened with extinction are: the great eagle, the gull eagle, and the eastern king eagle.<sup id="cite_ref-محافظة_عدن_-_البيئة2_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-محافظة_عدن_-_البيئة2-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are dozens of bird species recorded in the wetlands of Aden and the Caltex swamp area, which are rich in a wide variety of endemic and migratory birds, including birds that are present throughout the year. There are many birds in the area, including great flamingos, dwarf flamingos, and rock egrets. And the spoonbill, the hooked tern and the seagull.<sup id="cite_ref-محافظة_عدن_-_البيئة_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-محافظة_عدن_-_البيئة-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Public services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aden" title="University of Aden">University of Aden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Yemen" title="Education in Yemen">Education in Yemen</a></div> <p>There are 95 schools in Aden, including 13 kindergartens, and 82 basic education schools, including 29 schools for boys, 29 schools for girls, and 29 joint schools for boys and girls. There are also 29 secondary schools, including 15 schools for boys and 14 schools for girls, all of which are in a double shift system. Until 2004, the number of male students reached In basic education, there were 57,941 students and 48,081 female students, with a total of 104,622 students. In secondary education, the number of male students reached 11,029 students, and 9,643 female students.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As for vocational, technical and vocational education centers and institutes, their number is 13, with 2,214 students enrolled, including 453 teachers. The health institutes have one institute, with 864 students enrolled, including 147 teachers, according to 2010 statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for higher education, there is one government university in Aden, which is the University of Aden, which has 9 colleges. More than 29 thousand students are enrolled, according to 2010 statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة2_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة2-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Yemen" title="Health in Yemen">Health in Yemen</a></div> <p>There are 15 hospitals in the economic capital, Aden, including 5 public government hospitals, 6 belonging to the private sector, and 37 health centers. There are 34 facilities in the city that provide maternity and childhood services, and the number of specialized workforce in health facilities is 2,825 specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة3_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة3-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Endemic_areas">Endemic areas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Endemic areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2015, the International Red Cross team present in conflict areas in Yemen during the events of the Yemeni civil war announced that the cities of Crater, Al-Mualla, Khor Maksar and Al-Tawahi in the Aden Governorate in the south of the country were areas affected by <a href="/wiki/Dengue_fever" title="Dengue fever">dengue fever</a>. The health authorities in Aden said that this fever had spread remarkably and widely. Since the beginning of May, health services have deteriorated and infrastructure facilities, such as electricity, water, and sanitation, have been damaged as a result of the ongoing fighting in the city for months.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mail">Mail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Mail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Aden" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Aden">Postage stamps and postal history of Aden</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Tawahi_Aden_1961.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Tawahi_Aden_1961.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tawahi_Aden_1961.jpg/240px-Tawahi_Aden_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tawahi_Aden_1961.jpg/360px-Tawahi_Aden_1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tawahi_Aden_1961.jpg/480px-Tawahi_Aden_1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>A postcard of Tawahi in 1961 during the British occupation</figcaption></figure> <p>Aden has known mail since June 15, 1839, that is, a year after the British occupation, although the official post office was not inaugurated until 1857. Postage stamps of both Britain and India were used in Aden until it became called the Aden Colony on April 1, 1937, although the stamps of this stage It bears no distinctive sign, but the use of the number 124 as a postal code is attributed to Aden as part of the Indian postal numerical system. </p><p>Then, when it became a colony in 1937, it had sets of postage stamps containing pictures and the name Aden printed on them. In 1939, a new postage set was issued containing a picture of King George VI, but the Sultans of Hadhramaut - who were under the umbrella of the Aden Protectorate - controlled Britain has had it since the 1880s - they refused to do so, and so Britain issued a separate postal set in 1942, but this time with the inclusion of a phrase and pictures expressing the Kathiri Sultanate in Sayun and the Qu’aiti Sultanate in Shihr and Mukalla, in addition to pictures of the sultans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalism">Journalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Aden_TV" title="Aden TV">Aden TV</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Bashrahil.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Bashrahil.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Bashrahil.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="124" /></a><figcaption>Brigadier General Muhammad Bashraheel</figcaption></figure> <p>The weekly Al-Amal newspaper was founded in 1957 in Aden. Its slogan was (Freedom, Bread, and Peace). The British authorities allowed only 1,500 copies to be printed weekly, and the newspaper was banned shortly after.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Al-Ayyam newspaper was established in Aden, as an independent daily newspaper in the Arabic language, during the British occupation. The first issue was published on July 30, 1958, and its founder and editor-in-chief was Brigadier General Muhammad Ali Bashraheel. It stopped publishing after independence during the era of the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen, and then resumed publication. After achieving Yemeni unity, the first issue of the second edition was on November 7, 1990 after a hiatus that lasted more than 23 years. In 1998, Al-Ayyam was the first newspaper in Yemen that the government prosecuted under a criminal law. Other cases followed until it became public by the end of the year. 2008, responsible for 73% of the total number of cases filed by the Ministry of Information and the Yemeni government against the press in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the protests and clashes intensified in Aden in April 2009, "Al-Ayyam covered the events extensively, and pictures of blood and injuries were on the cover of the newspaper for days." President Ali Abdullah Saleh sent delegations to the newspaper, asking them to reduce the severity of their coverage, and to stop using pictures of the injured and bleeding blood.<sup id="cite_ref-الرقابة_على_الصحافة_والخروقات_بحق_الصحفيين_والصُحف2_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الرقابة_على_الصحافة_والخروقات_بحق_الصحفيين_والصُحف2-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 12, 2009, security forces launched an attack on the headquarters of Al-Ayyam newspaper in Aden.<sup id="cite_ref-الرقابة_على_الصحافة_والخروقات_بحق_الصحفيين_والصُحف2_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الرقابة_على_الصحافة_والخروقات_بحق_الصحفيين_والصُحف2-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_and_television">Radio and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Radio and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radio Aden was established on August 17, 1954 under the name "Aden Radio Station".<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is currently broadcast in two periods, morning and evening. The British occupation opened the Aden Channel on September 11, 1964, following the revolution of October 14, 1963. Television transmission was limited to covering populated neighborhoods in the city of Aden, especially where soldiers and families of the British forces were present. In January 1979, the television headquarters moved to the "Radio and Television Building" in Tawahi. Which was prepared, and at that time the broadcast was in black and white, and in March 1981 the gradual transition to color broadcasting began, and in June 1981 the channel began broadcasting via satellite. After the Yemeni unification on May 22, 1990, Aden Channel was the second official channel of Yemeni TV.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_al-Alwani" title="Sabah al-Alwani">Sabah al-Alwani</a> - first woman member of Yemen's Supreme Judicial Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukesh_Ambani" title="Mukesh Ambani">Mukesh Ambani</a> (born 1957) - businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amr_Gamal_(director)" title="Amr Gamal (director)">Amr Gamal</a> (born 1983) - film and theatre director, producer, and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Izzard" title="Eddie Izzard">Eddie Izzard</a> (born 1962) - comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafiqa_Zawqari" title="Shafiqa Zawqari">Shafiqa Zawqari</a> (born 1942) - author</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut_Mountains" title="Hadhramaut Mountains">Hadhramaut Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Aden" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Aden">History of the Jews in Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Britain" title="Military history of Britain">Military history of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Aden" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Aden">Postage stamps and postal history of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Ports_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemen Ports Authority">Yemen Ports Authority</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note1-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note1_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jawad Ali says: It appears from researchers finding writings written in the Musnad in various places in the Arabian Peninsula, including the coasts of the Arabian Gulf, some of which are ancient and some of which are close to Islam, that the Musnad pen was the authentic and first Arabic pen among the Arabs. All the people of the Arabian Peninsula wrote about it, but the Christian preaching that entered the Arabian Peninsula and spread in various places brought with it the late Armenian pen, the pen of the Eastern churches, and began spreading it among the people. Because it was his sacred pen with which the clerics used to write. Since this pen was easier to write than the musnad, it found widespread followers among those who converted to Christianity and among pagans as well, due to its ease of writing. However, it was not able to eliminate the musnad as people continued to write with it. When Islam came, the scribes wrote the revelation with the pen of the people of Mecca so that the revelation would descend among them. The Mecca pen became the official pen for the Muslims, and Al-Musnad was then sentenced to death. He died and was forgotten by the Arabs, until the Orientalists resurrected him and brought him back to existence again, to translate for us the ordinary writings that were recorded in him. Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-Arab before Islam, vol. 8, p. 153</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Ibid plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Constructs such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ibid." title="Ibid.">ibid.</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Loc._cit." title="Loc. cit.">loc. cit.</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Idem" title="Idem">idem</a></i> are <b>discouraged by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IBID" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IBID">Wikipedia's style guide</a> for footnotes</b>, as they are easily broken. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit">improve this article</a> by replacing them with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes#Naming_a_ref_tag_so_it_can_be_used_more_than_once" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Footnotes">named references</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Refref/core" title="Template:Refref/core">quick guide</a></i>), or an abbreviated title. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Aden#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Aden">Bibliography of the history of Aden</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBritannica" class="citation web cs1">Britannica, N.A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Aden">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Aden". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Mar. 2023"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. The Editors of Encyclopaedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150426123502/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/5647/Aden">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=%22Aden%22.+Encyclopedia+Britannica%2C+25+Mar.+2023&rft.aulast=Britannica&rft.aufirst=N.A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Statistical_Organisation" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Central Statistical Organisation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120130028/http://www.cso-yemen.com/content.php?lng=english&id=690">"Yemen Statistical Yearbook for 2017"</a>. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen+Statistical+Yearbook+for+2017&rft.au=Central+Statistical+Organisation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso-yemen.com%2Fcontent.php%3Flng%3Denglish%26id%3D690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/aden-population">"Aden Population"</a>. <i>World Population Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516192538/https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/aden-population">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Population+Review&rft.atitle=Aden+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fworld-cities%2Faden-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-yemen.html">"What Languages Are Spoken in Yemen?"</a>. <i>WorldAtlas</i>. 3 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530010238/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-yemen.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldAtlas&rft.atitle=What+Languages+Are+Spoken+in+Yemen%3F&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fwhat-languages-are-spoken-in-yemen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An Investigation about the Importance of Speaking English as a Second Research Paper." Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://studentshare.org/social-science/1732558-an-investigation-about-the-importance-of-speaking-english-as-a-second-language-in-the-republic-of-yemen">https://studentshare.org/social-science/1732558-an-investigation-about-the-importance-of-speaking-english-as-a-second-language-in-the-republic-of-yemen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530032821/https://studentshare.org/social-science/1732558-an-investigation-about-the-importance-of-speaking-english-as-a-second-language-in-the-republic-of-yemen">Archived</a> 30 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodrigues" class="citation web cs1">Rodrigues, Charlene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/features/aden-trafalgar-arabic-leaves-its-mark-worlds-languages">"From Aden to Trafalgar: Arabic leaves its mark on world's languages"</a>. <i>Middle East Eye</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529072240/https://www.middleeasteye.net/features/aden-trafalgar-arabic-leaves-its-mark-worlds-languages">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=From+Aden+to+Trafalgar%3A+Arabic+leaves+its+mark+on+world%27s+languages&rft.aulast=Rodrigues&rft.aufirst=Charlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Ffeatures%2Faden-trafalgar-arabic-leaves-its-mark-worlds-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/yemen-two-young-somalis-become-role-models-their-community">"Yemen: Two Young Somalis Become Role Models In Their Community - Somalia | ReliefWeb"</a>. <i>reliefweb.int</i>. 24 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908065554/https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/yemen-two-young-somalis-become-role-models-their-community">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reliefweb.int&rft.atitle=Yemen%3A+Two+Young+Somalis+Become+Role+Models+In+Their+Community+-+Somalia+%7C+ReliefWeb&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fsomalia%2Fyemen-two-young-somalis-become-role-models-their-community&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/aden-population">"Aden Population 2023"</a>. <i>worldpopulationreview.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516192538/https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/aden-population">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&rft.atitle=Aden+Population+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fworld-cities%2Faden-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49308199">"Yemen conflict: Southern separatists seize control of Aden"</a>. 10 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen+conflict%3A+Southern+separatists+seize+control+of+Aden&rft.date=2019-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-49308199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/عدن/"><i> عدن </i> المعجم الوسيط</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150117042727/http://www.almaany.com/home.php?language=arabic">Archived</a> 2015-01-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">معجم البلدان ج 4 - ص 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>لسان العرب </i> ج10 ص 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">تاريخ ابن خلدون ج 4 ص 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Contributions to the Semitic religious history: the God of Israel and the gods of the Gentiles</i> Friedrich Baethgen p.88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLondon2009" class="citation cs2">London, Jack (28 May 2009), Sutherland, John (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199554942.003.0028">"Chapter Twenty-Seven"</a>, <i>The Sea-Wolf</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fowc%2F9780199554942.003.0028">10.1093/owc/9780199554942.003.0028</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955494-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955494-2"><bdi>978-0-19-955494-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sea-Wolf&rft.atitle=Chapter+Twenty-Seven&rft.date=2009-05-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fowc%2F9780199554942.003.0028&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955494-2&rft.aulast=London&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Fowc%2F9780199554942.003.0028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gentiles'_p.89-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gentiles'_p.89_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Semitic religious history: the God of Israel and the gods of the Gentiles</i> Friedrich Baethgen p.89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniel_McLaughlin_p.1752-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_McLaughlin_p.1752_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_McLaughlin_p.1752_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel McLaughlin,<i>Yemen: The Bradt Travel Guide</i> p.175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conti_Rossini_1931_p.55-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conti_Rossini_1931_p.55_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conti Rossini, Carlo, <i>Chrestomathia Arabica meridionalis epigraphica edita et glossario instructa</i> (1931) Pubblicazioni dell'Instituto per l'Oriente p.55 (4th line)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bafaqīh, M. ‛A., L'unification du Yémen antique. La lutte entre Saba’, Himyar et le Hadramawt de Ier au IIIème siècle de l'ère chrétienne. Paris, 1990 (Bibliothèque de Raydan, 1) p.34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Volume_1_p.252-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Volume_1_p.252_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">South Arabia as an economic region, Volume 1, in: Volume 7 of philosophical writings of the faculty of the German University in Prague, Rohrer, 1930 p.25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T._Norris,_F._W_1955-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-T._Norris,_F._W_1955_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. T. Norris, F. W. Penhey,<i>An Archaelogical and Historical Survey of the Aden Tanks</i> Government Press (1955) ASIN: B0007JLQLQ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sir_Robert_Lambert_Playfair_p.7-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sir_Robert_Lambert_Playfair_p.7_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir Robert Lambert Playfair,<i>History of Arabia Feilx or yemen</i> p.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard_Frye_p.325-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richard_Frye_p.325_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Frye,The History of Ancient Iran p.325</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity edited by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson p.298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Modern Middle East Nations and Their Strategic Place in the World: Yemen, 2004, by Hal Markovitz. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59084-521-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59084-521-8">1-59084-521-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Early_Islam_p.182-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Early_Islam_p.182_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Yemen in Early Islam (9-233/630-847): A Political History p.182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H.C._Kay,_Yaman_1892,_pp._66-7-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-H.C._Kay,_Yaman_1892,_pp._66-7_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H.C. Kay, Yaman: Its early medieval history, London 1892, pp. 66-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-عمارة_بن_علي_تاريخ_اليمن_ص_174-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-عمارة_بن_علي_تاريخ_اليمن_ص_174_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">عمارة بن علي تاريخ اليمن ص 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">السروري مظاهر الحياة والحضارة في اليمن ص 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ابن الدبيع <i>قرة العيون في اخبار اليمن الميمون</i> ص 319</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">السروري مظاهر الحياة والحضارة في اليمن ص313</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_G._Potter2009" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence G. Potter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ncfIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA180"><i>The Persian Gulf in History</i></a>. Springer. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230618459" title="Special:BookSources/9780230618459"><bdi>9780230618459</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908065552/https://books.google.com/books?id=ncfIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Gulf+in+History&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780230618459&rft.au=Lawrence+G.+Potter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DncfIAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDr_Pirouz_Mojtahed-Zadeh2013" class="citation book cs1">Dr Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUL8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA64"><i>Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography</i></a>. Routledge. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136817175" title="Special:BookSources/9781136817175"><bdi>9781136817175</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908065552/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUL8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA64">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Security+and+Territoriality+in+the+Persian+Gulf%3A+A+Maritime+Political+Geography&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781136817175&rft.au=Dr+Pirouz+Mojtahed-Zadeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUL8AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">السروري مظاهر الحياة والحضارة في اليمن ص412</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aden_p.23-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aden_p.23_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aden & the Indian Ocean Trade: 150 Years in the Life of a Medieval Arabian Port</i> Roxani Eleni Margariti p.23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aden_p.24-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aden_p.24_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aden & the Indian Ocean Trade: 150 Years in the Life of a Medieval Arabian Port</i> Roxani Eleni Margariti p.24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Egypt,_Syria_p.59-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egypt,_Syria_p.59_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The travels of Ludovico di Varthema in Egypt, Syria, Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix, in Persia, India, and Ethiopia; A.D. 1503 to 1508</i> Lodovico Di Varthema, John Winter Jones, George Percy Badger p.59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Broeze2013-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Broeze2013_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBroeze2013" class="citation book cs1">Broeze (28 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yXgsBgAAQBAJ"><i>Gateways Of Asia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-16895-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-16895-6"><bdi>978-1-136-16895-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gateways+Of+Asia&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-136-16895-6&rft.au=Broeze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyXgsBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert W. Stookey,<i>the politics of the Yemen Arab Republic</i>Westview Press, 1978 P.129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ronald_Lewcock_p.68-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ronald_Lewcock_p.68_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald Lewcock,<i>Sanaa an Arabian Islamic city</i> p.68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sir_Robert_Lambert_Playfair_p.143-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sir_Robert_Lambert_Playfair_p.143_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir Robert Lambert Playfair,<i>A History of Arabia Felix Or Yemen</i> p.143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-bab.com-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-al-bab.com_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-bab.com/bys/articles/hyweljones98.htm"><i>The Crater residence of Captain S B Haines</i> MERILYN HYWEL-JONES</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050900/http://www.al-bab.com/bys/articles/hyweljones98.htm">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H_Kour,_p.14-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-H_Kour,_p.14_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr Z H Kour,<i>The History of Aden</i> p.14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ma_Huan" title="Ma Huan">Ma Huan</a> Ying-yai Sheng-lan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, 1433, translated by J.V.G. Mills, with foreword and preface, Hakluty Society, London 1970; reprinted by the White Lotus Press 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/974-8496-78-3" title="Special:BookSources/974-8496-78-3">974-8496-78-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAitchison1931" class="citation book cs1">Aitchison, G (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49919/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>A Collection of Treaties, Engagements And Sanads Relating To India And Neighbouring Countries</i></a>. Vol. xi. 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Willis,<i>Unmaking North and South: Spatial Histories of Modern Yemen</i> p.86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harold_F._Jacob_p.252-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harold_F._Jacob_p.252_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harold_F._Jacob_p.252_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold F. Jacob,<i>Kings of Arabia</i> p.25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir Robert Lambert Playfair,<i>A History of Arabia Feilx or Yemen</i> p.161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portofaden.com/Aden.JPG">Port of Aden inner harbour</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. K. Laughton, '<a href="/wiki/John_Jourdain" title="John Jourdain">Jourdain, John</a> (c.1572–1619)', rev. H. V. Bowen, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristie2016" class="citation book cs1">Christie, Nikki (2016). <i>Gaining and Losing an Empire: Britain 1763–1914</i>. 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Order of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. p. 348.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Red+Sea+and+Gulf+of+Aden+Pilot&rft.pages=348&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Order+of+the+Lords+Commissioners+of+the+Admiralty&rft.date=1900&rft.au=Great+Britain+Hydrographic+Dept&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEVDNAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobbins1939" class="citation journal cs1">Robbins, Robert R. (1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2192881">"The Legal Status of Aden Colony and the Aden Protectorate"</a>. <i>The American Journal of International Law</i>. <b>33</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">700–</span>715. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2192881">10.2307/2192881</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9300">0002-9300</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2192881">2192881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=The+Legal+Status+of+Aden+Colony+and+the+Aden+Protectorate&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E700-%3C%2Fspan%3E715&rft.date=1939&rft.issn=0002-9300&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2192881%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2192881&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Robert+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2192881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2016" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Rob (28 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2016.1152994">"Out of Arabia: British Strategy and the Fate of Local Forces in Aden, South Yemen, and Oman, 1967–76"</a>. <i>The International History Review</i>. <b>39</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">143–</span>164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07075332.2016.1152994">10.1080/07075332.2016.1152994</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0707-5332">0707-5332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&rft.atitle=Out+of+Arabia%3A+British+Strategy+and+the+Fate+of+Local+Forces+in+Aden%2C+South+Yemen%2C+and+Oman%2C+1967%E2%80%9376&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E164&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07075332.2016.1152994&rft.issn=0707-5332&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F07075332.2016.1152994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2015" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Jonathan (9 February 2015). <i>Aden Insurgency: The Savage War in Yeman 1962-67</i>. Pen & Sword Military. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1473827639" title="Special:BookSources/978-1473827639"><bdi>978-1473827639</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aden+Insurgency%3A+The+Savage+War+in+Yeman+1962-67&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Military&rft.date=2015-02-09&rft.isbn=978-1473827639&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19661122-0">"ASN Aircraft accident Douglas R4D-1 (DC-3) VR-AAN Wadi Rabtah"</a>. <i>aviation-safety.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Douglas+R4D-1+%28DC-3%29+VR-AAN+Wadi+Rabtah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19661122-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/8026228-from-barren-rocks-to-living-stones">"From Barren Rocks...to Living Stones"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130142421/https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/8026228-from-barren-rocks-to-living-stones">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Barren+Rocks...to+Living+Stones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fen%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F8026228-from-barren-rocks-to-living-stones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Lapping, "End of Empire," 308, 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Hawadess, 1977 <i>Events, Issues 20-33</i> p.187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noel Brehony <i>Yemen Divided: The Story of a Failed State in South Arabia</i> p.31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noel Brehony <i>Yemen Divided: The Story of a Failed State in South Arabia</i> p.34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nadav Safran <i>Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security</i> p.128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noel Brehony <i>Yemen Divided: The Story of a Failed State in South Arabia</i> p.32-33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fred Haliday <i>Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987</i> p.25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Walker, Daniel Gray <i>The A to Z of Marxism</i> p. 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-مولد_تلقائيا1-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-مولد_تلقائيا1_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhalili2014" class="citation web cs1">Khalili, Laleh (31 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thegamming.org/2014/08/31/how-the-closure-of-the-suez-canal-changed-the-world/">"How the (closure of the) Suez Canal changed the world"</a>. <i>The Gamming</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gamming&rft.atitle=How+the+%28closure+of+the%29+Suez+Canal+changed+the+world&rft.date=2014-08-31&rft.aulast=Khalili&rft.aufirst=Laleh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthegamming.org%2F2014%2F08%2F31%2Fhow-the-closure-of-the-suez-canal-changed-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fred Halliday <i>Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987</i> p.27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nadav Safran <i>Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security</i> p.289</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah Phillips <i>Yemen's democracy experiment in regional perspective : patronage and pluralized authoritarianism</i> p.44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter J. Chelkowski, Robert J. Pranger <i>Ideology and Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lenczowski</i> p.265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yevgeny Primakov,<i>Russia and the Arabs : behind the scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the present</i> New York : Basic Books p.84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halim Barakat <i>The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State</i>University of California Press, 1993<i> p.159</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-مولد_تلقائيا12-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-مولد_تلقائيا12_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibid p.72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen W. Day,<i>Regionalism and Rebellion in Yemen: A Troubled National Union</i> p.73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen W. Day,Regionalism and Rebellion in Yemen: A Troubled National Union p.74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen W. Day,<i>Regionalism and Rebellion in Yemen: A Troubled National Union</i> p.74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbs-1stattack-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pbs-1stattack_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/knew/etc/cron.html">"Timeline: Al Qaeda's Global Context: Al Qaeda's First Attack"</a>. <i>Frontline: The Man Who Knew</i>. pbs.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071215062157/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/knew/etc/cron.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline%3A+The+Man+Who+Knew&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Al+Qaeda%27s+Global+Context%3A+Al+Qaeda%27s+First+Attack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Fknew%2Fetc%2Fcron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yemen24news.blogspot.com/2012/02/hadi-elected-as-yemen-new-president.html">"Hadi elected as Yemen new president", February 25, 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019235638/http://yemen24news.blogspot.com/2012/02/hadi-elected-as-yemen-new-president.html">Archived</a> 2017-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fbi-terror-00-01-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fbi-terror-00-01_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Bureau_of_Investigation2004" class="citation web cs1">Federal Bureau of Investigation (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror/terrorism-2000-2001#Terrorism_2000/2001">"Terrorism 2000/2001 2004–306-694"</a>. <i>www.fbi.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621075632/https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror/terrorism-2000-2001/#Terrorism_2000/2001">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fbi.gov&rft.atitle=Terrorism+2000%2F2001+2004%E2%80%93306-694&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fstats-services%2Fpublications%2Fterror%2Fterrorism-2000-2001%23Terrorism_2000%2F2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror/terror00_01.pdf">PDF version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204055547/https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/stats-services-publications-terror-terror00_01.pdf">Archived</a> February 4, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piszkiewicz-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Piszkiewicz_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPiszkiewicz2003" class="citation book cs1">Piszkiewicz, Dennis (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/terrorismswarwit00denn"><i>Terrorism's war with America: A history</i></a></span> (first ed.). Westport, Conn.: Praeger. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/terrorismswarwit00denn/page/123">123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97952-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97952-2"><bdi>978-0-275-97952-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorism%27s+war+with+America%3A+A+history&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=123&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97952-2&rft.aulast=Piszkiewicz&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fterrorismswarwit00denn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a href="/wiki/Against_All_Enemies:_Inside_America%27s_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror">Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror</a></i>" <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Clarke" title="Richard A. Clarke">Richard A. 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(February 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWard2018" class="citation web cs1">Ward, Alex (8 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/11/8/18075314/supreme-court-uss-cole-lawsuit-terrorist-sudan">"Trump's Justice Department is fighting US terrorist attack victims in the Supreme Court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Justice+Department+is+fighting+US+terrorist+attack+victims+in+the+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2018-11-08&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2018%2F11%2F8%2F18075314%2Fsupreme-court-uss-cole-lawsuit-terrorist-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorth2010" class="citation news cs1">Worth, Robert F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Head+of+GCC+visits+embattled+Hadi+in+Aden&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2015%2FFeb-26%2F288841-head-of-gcc-visits-embattled-hadi-in-aden.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dw_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.de/yemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital/a-18332197">"Yemen's President Hadi declares new 'temporary capital'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+President+Hadi+declares+new+%27temporary+capital%27&rft.date=2015-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2Fyemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital%2Fa-18332197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHendawi2015" class="citation news cs1">Hendawi, Hamza (20 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326035814/http://www.scotsman.com/news/transport/fierce-gun-battle-between-factions-at-yemen-airport-1-3723480">"Fierce gun battle between factions at Yemen airport"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Proxies+and+paranoia&rft.date=2015-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F21659759-kingdom-fears-resurgent-iran-sanctions-come-proxies-and-paranoia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42852285">"Separatist clashes flare in south Yemen"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424200045/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42852285">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admcsport.com/ar/football/news/article-8054">the original</a> on 12 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arabian+Gulf+Cup+in+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admcsport.com%2Far%2Ffootball%2Fnews%2Farticle-8054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamal, Shafee (12 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504222625/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1537/Culture/192/Aden%E2%80%99s-rich-religious-heritage.htm">"Aden's rich religious heritage."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Times" title="Yemen Times">Yemen Times</a></i> (YemenTimes.com). Archived 2015-05-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lonelyplanet.com-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lonelyplanet.com_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lonelyplanet.com_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220041914/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/yemen/aden/attractions/aden-minaret/a/poi-sig/1075959/361192">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/yemen/aden/attractions/aden-minaret/a/poi-sig/1075959/361192">the original</a> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fyemen%2Faden%2Fattractions%2Faden-minaret%2Fa%2Fpoi-sig%2F1075959%2F361192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2008" class="citation book cs1">McLaughlin, Daniel (2008). <i>Yemen</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Food+Programme&rft.atitle=New+WFP+Ship+Arrives+in+Aden+Port+With+Fuel+For+Humanitarian+Operations&rft.date=2015-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfp.org%2Fnews%2Fnews-release%2Fnew-wfp-ship-arrives-aden-port-fuel-humanitarian-operations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prothero682-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prothero682_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prothero682_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProthero1920" class="citation book cs1">Prothero, G.W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=G.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F11767%2Fview%2F1%2F83%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prothero84-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prothero84_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProthero1920" class="citation book cs1">Prothero, G.W. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/84/"><i>Arabia</i></a>. London: H.M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=G.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F11767%2Fview%2F1%2F84%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prothero86-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prothero86_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prothero86_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProthero1920" class="citation book cs1">Prothero, G.W. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/86/"><i>Arabia</i></a>. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 86. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227051853/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/86/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=G.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F11767%2Fview%2F1%2F98%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prothero99-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prothero99_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProthero1920" class="citation book cs1">Prothero, G.W. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/99/"><i>Arabia</i></a>. London: H.M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=G.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F11767%2Fview%2F1%2F99%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemen-blackout-fuel-shortage-arabic-press-review">"Arabic press review: Yemen's Aden faces imminent blackouts amid fuel shortages"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004122254/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemen-blackout-fuel-shortage-arabic-press-review">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arabic+press+review%3A+Yemen%27s+Aden+faces+imminent+blackouts+amid+fuel+shortages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fyemen-blackout-fuel-shortage-arabic-press-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYaakoubi2021" class="citation news cs1">Yaakoubi, Aziz El (7 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/temperature-rising-south-yemen-rivalries-fuel-power-shortage-2021-06-07/">"Temperature rising in south Yemen as rivalries fuel power shortage"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004122253/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/temperature-rising-south-yemen-rivalries-fuel-power-shortage-2021-06-07/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Temperature+rising+in+south+Yemen+as+rivalries+fuel+power+shortage&rft.date=2021-06-07&rft.aulast=Yaakoubi&rft.aufirst=Aziz+El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Ftemperature-rising-south-yemen-rivalries-fuel-power-shortage-2021-06-07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-الأنشطة_الاقتصادية_لمحافظة_عدن2-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-الأنشطة_الاقتصادية_لمحافظة_عدن2_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009160110/http://www.yemen-nic.info:80/gover/aden/actionecnom/">"الأنشطة الاقتصادية لمحافظة عدن"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yemen-nic.info/gover/aden/actionecnom/">the original</a> on 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyemen-nic.info%2Fgover%2Faden%2Factionecnom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017030355/http://www.yemen-nic.info:80/gover/aden/brife/">"المركز الوطني للمعلومات نبذة تعريفية عن محافظة عدن"</a>. 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Deutscher Wetterdienst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719175435/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_414800_kt.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseline+climate+means+%281961%E2%80%931990%29+from+stations+all+over+the+world&rft.atitle=Klimatafel+von+Aden-Chormaksar+%2F+Jemen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_414800_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009163754/http://www.yemen-nic.info:80/gover/aden/tursm/">"السياحة في محافظة عدن"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yemen-nic.info/gover/aden/tursm/">the original</a> on 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyemen-nic.info%2Fgover%2Faden%2Ftursm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-محافظة_عدن_-_البيئة2-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-محافظة_عدن_-_البيئة2_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161112151458/http://adengovernorate.com/pages/5/">"محافظة عدن - البيئة"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adengovernorate.com/pages/5/">the original</a> on 12 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadengovernorate.com%2Fpages%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-محافظة_عدن_-_البيئة-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-محافظة_عدن_-_البيئة_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161112151458/http://adengovernorate.com/pages/5/">"محافظة عدن - البيئة"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adengovernorate.com/pages/5/">the original</a> on 12 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadengovernorate.com%2Fpages%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402191511/http://www.adengov.com/Pages.aspx?PageId=28eb8128-eaa1-4206-8bd5-5dd676f6f5a5">"ادارة التنمية الاقتصادية"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adengov.com/Pages.aspx?PageId=28eb8128-eaa1-4206-8bd5-5dd676f6f5a5#">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adengov.com%2FPages.aspx%3FPageId%3D28eb8128-eaa1-4206-8bd5-5dd676f6f5a5%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009164912/http://www.yemen-nic.info:80/gover/aden/service/">"أهم المؤشرات الأساسية في المحافظة"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yemen-nic.info/gover/aden/service/">the original</a> on 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyemen-nic.info%2Fgover%2Faden%2Fservice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة2-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-أهم_المؤشرات_الأساسية_لقطاع_الصحة_في_المحافظة2_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009164912/http://www.yemen-nic.info:80/gover/aden/service/">"أهم المؤشرات الأساسية في المحافظة"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yemen-nic.info/gover/aden/service/">the original</a> on 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yemen-nic.info/gover/aden/service/">the original</a> on 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyemen-nic.info%2Fgover%2Faden%2Fservice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161229140835/http://www.source-7.com/news/50897.html">"الصليب الأحمر يعلن أحياء في عدن "مناطق موبوءة بحمى الدانغ" - اخبار"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.source-7.com/2020/07/24/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa/">the original</a> on 29 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86+%22%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A1%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%22+-+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.source-7.com%2F2020%2F07%2F24%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2585%25d8%25b9%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1%25d8%25b6%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a8%25d9%2588%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25aa%25d8%25ad%25d8%25af%25d9%2589-%25d9%2586%25d8%25aa%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d8%25ac-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d8%25aa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YVSaax1O_HkC&pg=PA102">العمل المجتمعي في اليمن</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200405150803/https://books.google.com/books?id=YVSaax1O_HkC&pg=PA102">Archived</a> 2020-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/ar/report/2009/12/15/256014#_ftnref159">مقابلة هيومن رايتس ووتش مع بشراحيل هشام بشراحيل، 23 يوليو/تموز 2009،</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110044937/http://www.hrw.org/ar/node/87088/section/9">Archived</a> 2015-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-الرقابة_على_الصحافة_والخروقات_بحق_الصحفيين_والصُحف2-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-الرقابة_على_الصحافة_والخروقات_بحق_الصحفيين_والصُحف2_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الرقابة_على_الصحافة_والخروقات_بحق_الصحفيين_والصُحف2_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/ar/report/2009/12/15/256014">الرقابة على الصحافة والخروقات بحق الصحفيين والصُحف</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110044937/http://www.hrw.org/ar/node/87088/section/9">Archived</a> 2015-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170112083843/http://adenradio.net:80/Detail.aspx?secid=3">"إذاعةعدن"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adenradio.net/Detail.aspx?secid=3">the original</a> on 12 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adenradio.net%2FDetail.aspx%3Fsecid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111043750/http://www.tvaden.net/Detail.aspx?secid=23">"نبذة تاريخية عن قناة عدن"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvaden.net/Detail.aspx?secid=23">the original</a> on 11 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvaden.net%2FDetail.aspx%3Fsecid%3D23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Garston, J. "Aden: The First Hundred Years," <i>History Today</i> (March 1965) 15#3 pp 147–158. covers 1839 to 1939.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorrisPenhey,_F.W.1955" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Norris, H.T.; Penhey, F.W. (1955). "The Historical Development of Aden's defences". <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. CXXI part I (1): 11. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955GeogJ.121...11N">1955GeogJ.121...11N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1791802">10.2307/1791802</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1791802">1791802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Development+of+Aden%27s+defences&rft.volume=CXXI+part+I&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1791802%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1791802&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1955GeogJ.121...11N&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=H.T.&rft.au=Penhey%2C+F.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhalili2020" class="citation book cs1">Khalili, Laleh (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobinmag.com/2021/01/laleh-khalili-book-review-sinews-war-trade-shipping"><i>Sinews of War and Trade: Shipping and Capitalism in the Arabian Peninsula</i></a>. London: Verso Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786634818" title="Special:BookSources/9781786634818"><bdi>9781786634818</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sinews+of+War+and+Trade%3A+Shipping+and+Capitalism+in+the+Arabian+Peninsula&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781786634818&rft.aulast=Khalili&rft.aufirst=Laleh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobinmag.com%2F2021%2F01%2Flaleh-khalili-book-review-sinews-war-trade-shipping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Aden</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aden" class="extiw" title="c:Aden">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Aden,_Yemen" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Aden, Yemen">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Aden" class="extiw" title="voy:Aden">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131694" class="extiw" title="d:Q131694">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Aden</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Aden">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Aden&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Aden" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aden">Aden</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArchNet.org" class="citation web cs1">ArchNet.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070702173704/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1432">"Aden"</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1432">the original</a> on 2 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aden&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts%2C+USA&rft.pub=MIT+School+of+Architecture+and+Planning&rft.au=ArchNet.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchnet.org%2Flibrary%2Fplaces%2Fone-place.jsp%3Fplace_id%3D1432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAden" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acor.digitalrelab.com/index.php?s=filter=place_name:Aden%20(Yemen)">Photos of Aden</a> at the <a href="/wiki/American_Center_of_Research" title="American Center of Research">American Center of Research</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unhabitat.org/aden-city-profile">Aden City Profile</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">United Nations Human Settlements Programme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cso-ye.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/الكتاب-الإحصائى-السنوي-2017-2021م-اساسي_compressed.pdf">Annual Statistical Book of Aden 2017-2021</a> – Central Statistical Organization - Yemen</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aden_Governorate" title="Template:Aden Governorate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aden_Governorate" title="Template talk:Aden Governorate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aden_Governorate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aden Governorate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Aden_Governorate159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/60px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aden_Governorate" title="Aden Governorate">Aden Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Capital: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aden</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Yemen">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Buraiqeh_district" title="Al Buraiqeh district">Al Buraiqeh district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansoura_(Aden)" title="Al-Mansoura (Aden)">Al Mansura district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mualla" title="Mualla">Mualla district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Othman" title="Sheikh Othman">Sheikh Othman district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawahi_(Aden)" title="Tawahi (Aden)">Tawahi district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_(Aden)" title="Crater (Aden)">Crater district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_Sad_district" title="Dar Sad district">Dar Sad district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khor_Maksar" title="Khor Maksar">Khormaksar district</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ADEN_DISTRICS_MAP-02-02.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ADEN_DISTRICS_MAP-02-02.png/250px-ADEN_DISTRICS_MAP-02-02.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ADEN_DISTRICS_MAP-02-02.png/375px-ADEN_DISTRICS_MAP-02-02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ADEN_DISTRICS_MAP-02-02.png/500px-ADEN_DISTRICS_MAP-02-02.png 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="4500" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Yemen&#124;link=Yemen_Yemeni_cities_and_towns_by_population211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yemeni_cities" title="Template:Yemeni cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yemeni_cities" title="Template talk:Yemeni cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yemeni_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yemeni cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Yemen&#124;link=Yemen_Yemeni_cities_and_towns_by_population211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/60px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Yemen" title="List of cities in Yemen">Yemeni cities and towns</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000 and more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000-999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhamar,_Yemen" title="Dhamar, Yemen">Dhamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hudaydah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Hudaydah">Al Hudaydah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibb" title="Ibb">Ibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiz" title="Taiz">Taiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukalla" title="Mukalla">Mukalla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10,000-99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abs_(Yemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abs (Yemen)">Abs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dahi_(Yemen)" title="Ad-Dahi (Yemen)">Ad-Dahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Amran" title="'Amran">'Amran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataq" title="Ataq">Ataq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajil_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajil District">Bajil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Faqih" title="Bayt al-Faqih">Bayt al-Faqih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda,_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Bayda, Yemen">Al Bayda'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihan" title="Beihan">Beihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimnat_Chadir" title="Dimnat Chadir">Dimnat Chadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ghaydah" title="Al Ghaydah">Al Ghaydah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hais,_Yemen" title="Hais, Yemen">Hais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajjah" title="Hajjah">Hajjah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahij" title="Lahij">Al Houta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamir,_Yemen" title="Khamir, Yemen">Khamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahabischa" title="Al-Mahabischa">Al-Mahabischa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Mahwit" title="Al Mahwit">Al Mahwit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Marawi%27a" title="Al-Marawi'a">Al-Marawi'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marib" title="Marib">Marib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokha" title="Mokha">Mokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudiyah" title="Mudiyah">Mudiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radda_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Radda District">Rada'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyan" title="Sayyan">Sayyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiyun" title="Seiyun">Seiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shihr" title="Al-Shihr">Al-Shihr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarim,_Yemen" title="Tarim, Yemen">Tarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thula" title="Thula">Thula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarim" title="Yarim">Yarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabid" title="Zabid">Zabid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinjibar" title="Zinjibar">Zinjibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><9,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dammaj" title="Dammaj">Dammaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Habban District">Habban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hajjarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Hajjarah">Al Hajjarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutayb" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutayb">Hutayb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%CA%BD%C4%81r" title="Jaʽār">Jaʽār</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibla,_Yemen" title="Jibla, Yemen">Jibla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibam_Kawkaban" title="Shibam Kawkaban">Kawkaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakhah" class="mw-redirect" title="Manakhah">Manakhah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukayras" title="Mukayras">Mukayras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saada" title="Saada">Saada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaharah" title="Shaharah">Shaharah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibam" title="Shibam">Shibam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At_Tawilah" class="mw-redirect" title="At Tawilah">At Tawilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Dawan" title="Wadi Dawan">Wadi Dawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131694#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1587" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131694#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1587" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131694#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137226734">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1219517/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdRyWb63qCwbfVVHFJMT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4000477-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82055269">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01050823">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Aden (Jemen)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1041612&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564537805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/39269">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027865290">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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