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<span>Gubernatorial candidate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gubernatorial_candidate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governor_of_Wisconsin_(1901–1906)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governor_of_Wisconsin_(1901–1906)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governor of Wisconsin (1901–1906)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor_of_Wisconsin_(1901–1906)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senator_(1906–1925)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senator_(1906–1925)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Senator (1906–1925)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senator_(1906–1925)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Senator (1906–1925) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senator_(1906–1925)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roosevelt_administration_(1906–1909)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roosevelt_administration_(1906–1909)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Roosevelt administration (1906–1909)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roosevelt_administration_(1906–1909)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battling_the_Taft_administration_(1909–1913)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battling_the_Taft_administration_(1909–1913)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Battling the Taft administration (1909–1913)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battling_the_Taft_administration_(1909–1913)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wilson_administration_(1913–1921)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wilson_administration_(1913–1921)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Wilson administration (1913–1921)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wilson_administration_(1913–1921)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_American_involvement_in_World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_American_involvement_in_World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Opposition to American involvement in World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_American_involvement_in_World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harding–Coolidge_administration_(1921–1924)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harding–Coolidge_administration_(1921–1924)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Harding–Coolidge administration (1921–1924)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harding–Coolidge_administration_(1921–1924)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1924_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1924_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1924 presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1924_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert M. La Follette</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="روبرت ماريون لا فوليت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت ماريون لا فوليت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%85._%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رابرت ام. لا فولت، سینیور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت ام. لا فولت، سینیور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_senior" title="Robert M. La Follette senior – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert M. La Follette senior" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_la_pli_a%C4%9Da" title="Robert M. La Follette la pli aĝa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert M. La Follette la pli aĝa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%85._%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رابرت ام. لا فولت، سینیور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت ام. لا فولت، سینیور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_M._%EB%9D%BC%ED%8F%B4%EB%A0%88%ED%8A%B8_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B4" title="로버트 M. 라폴레트 시니어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 M. 라폴레트 시니어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D4%BC%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Ռոբերտ Լաֆոլետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Լաֆոլետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98" title="רוברט לה פולט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט לה פולט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette,_Sr." title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr. – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr." data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%85._%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="روبيرت ام. لا فوليت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبيرت ام. لا فوليت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_La_Follette" title="Robert La Follette – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert La Follette" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BBM%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="ロバート・M・ラフォレット・シニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・M・ラフォレット・シニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_sr." title="Robert M. La Follette sr. – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert M. La Follette sr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_La_Follette_(1855%E2%80%931925)" title="Robert La Follette (1855–1925) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert La Follette (1855–1925)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette,_Sr." title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Лафоллет, Роберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лафоллет, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert M. La Follette" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82" title="Роберт Ла Фоллетт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Ла Фоллетт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%A6%8F%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%B9" title="罗伯特·拉福莱特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·拉福莱特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American lawyer and politician (1855–1925)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For his son, also a senator, see <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert M. La Follette Jr.</a> For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Robert M. La Follette (disambiguation)">Robert M. La Follette (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fighting Bob" redirects here. For other people called "Fighting Bob", see <a href="/wiki/Robley_D._Evans_(admiral)" title="Robley D. Evans (admiral)">Robley D. Evans (admiral)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Shuler" title="Robert P. Shuler">Robert P. Shuler</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert M. La Follette</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LaFOLLETTE,_ROBERT._SENATOR_LOC_hec.14955_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of Robert M. La Follette" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/LaFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT._SENATOR_LOC_hec.14955_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-LaFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT._SENATOR_LOC_hec.14955_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/LaFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT._SENATOR_LOC_hec.14955_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-LaFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT._SENATOR_LOC_hec.14955_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/LaFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT._SENATOR_LOC_hec.14955_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-LaFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT._SENATOR_LOC_hec.14955_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7477" data-file-height="9300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">La Follette after 1905</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 4, 1906 – June 18, 1925</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_V._Quarles" title="Joseph V. Quarles">Joseph V. Quarles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert M. La Follette Jr.</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">20th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 7, 1901 – January 1, 1906</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Stone_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Jesse Stone (Wisconsin politician)">Jesse Stone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Davidson" title="James O. Davidson">James O. Davidson</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Scofield" title="Edward Scofield">Edward Scofield</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_O._Davidson" title="James O. Davidson">James O. Davidson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Wisconsin03 !"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district">3rd</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1891</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burr_W._Jones" title="Burr W. Jones">Burr W. Jones</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allen_R._Bushnell" title="Allen R. Bushnell">Allen R. Bushnell</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Marion La Follette</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1855-06-14</span>)</span>June 14, 1855<br /><a href="/wiki/Primrose,_Wisconsin" title="Primrose, Wisconsin">Primrose, Wisconsin</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 18, 1925<span style="display:none">(1925-06-18)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill_Cemetery_(Madison,_Wisconsin)" title="Forest Hill Cemetery (Madison, Wisconsin)">Forest Hill Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive</a> (1924)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belle_Case_La_Follette" title="Belle Case La Follette">Belle Case</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_La_Follette" title="Philip La Follette">Philip</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fola_La_Follette" title="Fola La Follette">Fola</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Robert_La_Follette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert M. 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism" title="Category:Progressivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/75px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/113px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/150px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">BLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_for_the_Common_Good" title="Economy for the Common Good">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservatism">Progressive Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Progressive Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloward%E2%80%93Piven_strategy" title="Cloward–Piven strategy">Cloward–Piven strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">Economic growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inward_light" title="Inward light">Inward light</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Progressive nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery in the United States">In the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_childlessness" title="Voluntary childlessness">Voluntary childlessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brinton" title="Sam Brinton">Brinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campbell,_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Dees" title="Morris Dees">Dees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haben_Girma" title="Haben Girma">Girma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jenkins" title="Andrea Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Mahogany" title="Honey Mahogany">Mahogany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McBride" title="Sarah McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page#Activism" title="Elliot Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Windsor#Activism" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imani_Barbarin" title="Imani Barbarin">Barbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Kate_Dale" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauren Kate Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Darnovsky" title="Marcy Darnovsky">Darnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Dearden" title="Lizzie Dearden">Dearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medhi_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Medhi Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karine_Jean-Pierre#MoveOn_and_political_commentary" title="Karine Jean-Pierre">Jean-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Kasparian" title="Ana Kasparian">Kasparian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kulinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Marsh" title="Jeffrey Marsh">Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Monroe" title="Jack Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffals" title="Keffals">Sorrenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wise" title="Tim Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Breed" title="London Breed">Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Casar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Finke" title="Leigh Finke">Finke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Jayapal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Khanna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Lee" title="Summer Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McBride" title="Sarah McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Pocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Ware" title="Butch Ware">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Watson_Coleman" title="Bonnie Watson Coleman">Watson Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a></i> (1987–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Women:_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superior:_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a></i> (2019)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Antonio_Foundation" title="Amadeu Antonio Foundation">Amadeu Antonio Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sexual_Health_Association" title="American Sexual Health Association">ASHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">BLMGNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Genetics_and_Society" title="Center for Genetics and Society">CGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_Against_Racism" title="European Network Against Racism">ENAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Coefficients_(dining_club)" title="Coefficients (dining club)">Coefficients</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">FIRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_not_Hate" title="Hope not Hate">Hope not Hate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">ILGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_Against_Racism" title="International Committee Against Racism">InCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">IPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_one_is_illegal" title="No one is illegal">No one is illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Welfare_Rights_Organization" title="National Welfare Rights Organization">NWRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(2006_organization)" title="Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)">New SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">OSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">PFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">PI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_League" title="Progressive League">Progressive League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Majority" title="Progressive Majority">Progressive Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProgressNow" title="ProgressNow">ProgressNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flare" title="Red Flare">Red Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">RWJF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_for_the_People" title="Science for the People">SftP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; 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He represented Wisconsin in both chambers of Congress and served as the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">governor of Wisconsin</a> from 1901 to 1906. A <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> for most of his life, he ran for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> as the nominee of his own <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1924_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1924 U.S. presidential election">1924 U.S. presidential election</a>. Historian John D. Buenker describes La Follette as "the most celebrated figure in Wisconsin history".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born and raised in Wisconsin, La Follette won election as the <a href="/wiki/Dane_County,_Wisconsin" title="Dane County, Wisconsin">Dane County</a> District Attorney in 1880. Four years later, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, where he was friendly with party leaders like <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>. After losing his seat in the <a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1890 United States House of Representatives elections">1890 election</a>, La Follette regrouped. As a populist, he embraced <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressivism</a> and built up a coalition of disaffected Republicans. He sought election as governor in 1896 and 1898 before winning the <a href="/wiki/1900_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1900 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1900 gubernatorial election</a>. As governor of Wisconsin, La Follette compiled a progressive record, implementing <a href="/wiki/Primary_elections_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary elections in the United States">primary elections</a> and tax reform. </p><p>La Follette won re-election in <a href="/wiki/1902_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1902 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1902</a> and <a href="/wiki/1904_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1904 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1904</a>, but in 1905 the legislature elected him to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. His populist base was energized when he emerged as a national progressive leader in the Senate, often clashing with conservatives like <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Aldrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Aldrich">Nelson Aldrich</a>. He initially supported President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>, but broke with Taft after the latter failed to push a reduction in <a href="/wiki/Tariffs_in_United_States_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariffs in United States history">tariff</a> rates. He challenged Taft for the Republican presidential nomination in the <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912 presidential election</a>, but his candidacy was overshadowed by that of former President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>. La Follette's refusal to support Roosevelt alienated many progressives, and although La Follette continued to serve in the Senate, he lost his stature as the leader of that chamber's progressive Republicans. La Follette supported some of President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s policies, but he broke with the president over foreign policy. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, La Follette was one of the most outspoken opponents of the administration's domestic and international policies and was against the war. </p><p>With the Republican and Democratic parties each nominating conservative candidates in the 1924 presidential election, left-wing groups coalesced behind La Follette's <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> candidacy. With the support of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a>, farmer's groups, labor unions, and others, La Follette briefly appeared to be a serious threat to unseat Republican President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a>. La Follette stated that his chief goal was to break the "combined power of the private monopoly system over the political and economic life of the American people",<sup id="cite_ref-thelen182184_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelen182184-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he called for government ownership of railroads and electric utilities, cheap credit for farmers, the outlawing of child labor, stronger laws to help labor unions, protections for civil liberties, and a 10-year term for members of the federal judiciary. His complicated alliance was difficult to manage, and the Republicans came together to win the 1924 election. La Follette won 16.6% of the popular vote, one of the best <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third party</a> performances in U.S. history. He died shortly after the presidential election, but his sons, <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert M. La Follette Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_La_Follette" title="Philip La Follette">Philip La Follette</a>, succeeded him as progressive leaders in Wisconsin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Marion_La_Follette_cph.3a00711.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of young La Follette, as in his college yearbook (1879)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_Marion_La_Follette_cph.3a00711.jpg/180px-Robert_Marion_La_Follette_cph.3a00711.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_Marion_La_Follette_cph.3a00711.jpg/270px-Robert_Marion_La_Follette_cph.3a00711.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_Marion_La_Follette_cph.3a00711.jpg/360px-Robert_Marion_La_Follette_cph.3a00711.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>Robert M. La Follette's college yearbook photo, 1879</figcaption></figure> <p>Robert Marion La Follette Sr. was born on a farm in <a href="/wiki/Primrose,_Wisconsin" title="Primrose, Wisconsin">Primrose, Wisconsin</a>, on June 14, 1855. He was the youngest of five children born to Josiah La Follette and Mary Ferguson, who had settled in Wisconsin in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Josiah descended from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a>, while Mary was of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette's great-great-grandfather, Joseph La Follette emigrated from France to New Jersey in 1745. La Follette's great-grandfather moved to Kentucky, where they were neighbors to the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_family" title="Lincoln family">Lincoln family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Josiah died just eight months after Robert was born,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1862, Mary married John Saxton, a wealthy, seventy-year-old merchant.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette's poor relationship with Saxton made for a difficult childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-Am_Rad_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Am_Rad-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though his mother was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, La Follette became, like most of his neighbors, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Follette began attending school at the age of four, though he often worked on the family farm. After Saxton died in 1872, La Follette, his mother, and his older sister moved to the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette began attending the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin</a> in 1875 and graduated in 1879 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a mediocre student, but won a statewide oratory contest and established a student newspaper named the <i>University Press</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was deeply influenced by the university's president, <a href="/wiki/John_Bascom" title="John Bascom">John Bascom</a>, on issues of morality, ethics, and social justice.<sup id="cite_ref-Am_Rad_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Am_Rad-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time at the university, he became a vegetarian, declaring that his diet gave him more energy and a "clear head".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Follette met <a href="/wiki/Belle_Case_La_Follette" title="Belle Case La Follette">Belle Case</a> while attending the University of Wisconsin, and they married on December 31, 1881,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at her family home in <a href="/wiki/Baraboo,_Wisconsin" title="Baraboo, Wisconsin">Baraboo, Wisconsin</a>. She became a leader in the <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a> movement, an advocate of women's <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a> and an important influence on the development of La Follette's ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-Am_Rad_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Am_Rad-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Follette was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/State_bar_association" title="State bar association">state bar association</a> in 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, he won election as the <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dane_County,_Wisconsin" title="Dane County, Wisconsin">Dane County, Wisconsin</a>, beginning a long career in politics. He became a protégé of <a href="/wiki/George_E._Bryant" title="George E. Bryant">George E. Bryant</a>, a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> businessman and landowner from Madison.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1884, he won election to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, becoming the youngest member of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/49th_United_States_Congress" title="49th United States Congress">49th Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His political views were broadly in line with those of other Northern Republicans at the time; he supported high <a href="/wiki/Tariffs_in_United_States_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariffs in United States history">tariff</a> rates and developed a strong relationship with <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did, however, occasionally stray from the wishes of party leaders, as he voted for the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Act_of_1887" title="Interstate Commerce Act of 1887">Interstate Commerce Act of 1887</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act_of_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890">Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also denounced racial discrimination in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a> and favored the <a href="/wiki/Lodge_Bill" title="Lodge Bill">Lodge Bill</a>, which would have provided federal protections against the <a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era">mass disenfranchisement of African Americans</a> in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee Sentinel">Milwaukee Sentinel</a></i> referred to him as being "so good a fellow that even his enemies like him".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Views on racial and ethnic matters were not central to La Follette's political thinking. His wife was a stronger proponent of civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 35 years old, La Follette lost his seat in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 1890">1890 Democratic landslide</a>. Several factors contributed to his loss, including a compulsory-education bill passed by the Republican-controlled state legislature in 1889. Because the law required major subjects in schools to be taught in English, it contributed to a divide between the Catholic and Lutheran communities in Wisconsin. La Follette's support for the <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protective</a> <a href="/wiki/McKinley_Tariff" title="McKinley Tariff">McKinley Tariff</a> may have also played a role in his defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the election, La Follette returned to Madison to begin a private law practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Am_Rad_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Am_Rad-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author Kris Stahl wrote that due to his "extraordinarily energetic" and dominating personality, he became known as "<b>Fighting Bob</b>" La Follette.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gubernatorial_candidate">Gubernatorial candidate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gubernatorial candidate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congressman_Robert_La_Follette.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of La Follette, as in the "History of Bench and Bar of Wisconsin" (1898)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Congressman_Robert_La_Follette.png/220px-Congressman_Robert_La_Follette.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Congressman_Robert_La_Follette.png/330px-Congressman_Robert_La_Follette.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Congressman_Robert_La_Follette.png/440px-Congressman_Robert_La_Follette.png 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption>Portrait from <i>History of the Bench and Bar of Wisconsin, vol. 2</i>, 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>In his autobiography, La Follette explains that he experienced a political epiphany in 1891 after Senator <a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">Philetus Sawyer</a> attempted to bribe him. La Follette claimed that Sawyer offered the bribe so that La Follette would influence his brother-in-law, Judge <a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Siebecker" title="Robert G. Siebecker">Robert G. Siebecker</a>, who was presiding over a case involving state funds that Republican officials had allegedly <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzled</a>. La Follette's public allegation of bribery precipitated a split with many friends and party leaders, though he continued to support Republican candidates like <a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">John Coit Spooner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also strongly endorsed <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William McKinley 1896 presidential campaign">McKinley's run for president in the 1896 election</a>, and he denounced <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> as a radical.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than bolting the party or retiring from politics, La Follette began building a coalition of dissatisfied Republicans, many of whom were relatively young and well-educated.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his key allies were former governor <a href="/wiki/William_D._Hoard" title="William D. Hoard">William D. Hoard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">Isaac Stephenson</a>, the latter of whom published a pro-La Follette newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette's coalition also included many individuals from the state's large <a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Americans" title="Nordic and Scandinavian Americans">Scandinavian</a> population, including <a href="/wiki/Nils_P._Haugen" title="Nils P. Haugen">Nils P. Haugen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">Irvine Lenroot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_O._Davidson" title="James O. Davidson">James O. Davidson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1894, La Follette's coalition focused on winning the office of <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a>. With La Follette serving as his campaign manager, Haugen sought the Republican nomination for governor in 1894, but he was defeated by <a href="/wiki/William_H._Upham" title="William H. Upham">William H. Upham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette ran for the Republican gubernatorial nomination in 1896, but he was beaten by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Scofield" title="Edward Scofield">Edward Scofield</a>; La Follette alleged that Scofield only won the nomination after conservative party leaders bribed certain Republican delegates. La Follette declined to run as an independent despite the pleas of some supporters, and after the election, he turned down an offer from President William McKinley to serve as the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_of_the_Currency" title="Office of the Comptroller of the Currency">Comptroller of the Currency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1897, La Follette began advocating the replacement of party caucuses and conventions, the traditional method of partisan nominations for office, with <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary elections</a>, which allowed voters to directly choose party nominees.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also denounced the power of corporations, charging that they had taken control of the Republican Party.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> stances had become increasingly popular in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1893" title="Panic of 1893">Panic of 1893</a>, a severe economic downturn that caused many to reevaluate their political beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Follette ran for governor for the second time in 1898, but he was once again defeated by Scofield in the Republican primary.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1900, La Follette made a third bid for governor, and won the Republican nomination, in part because he reached an accommodation with many of the conservative party leaders. Running in a strong year for Republicans nationwide, La Follette decisively defeated his Democratic opponent Louis G. Bomrich in the general election, winning just under 60 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor_of_Wisconsin_(1901–1906)"><span id="Governor_of_Wisconsin_.281901.E2.80.931906.29"></span>Governor of Wisconsin (1901–1906)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governor of Wisconsin (1901–1906)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Idea" title="Wisconsin Idea">Wisconsin Idea</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_M._La_Follette,_Sr_as_Senator2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="La Follette addressing a crowd of hundreds of people from a stage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Sr_as_Senator2.jpg/220px-Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Sr_as_Senator2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Sr_as_Senator2.jpg/330px-Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Sr_as_Senator2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Sr_as_Senator2.jpg/440px-Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Sr_as_Senator2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>La Follette addressing a large <a href="/wiki/Chautauqua" title="Chautauqua">Chautauqua</a> assembly in <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur, Illinois</a>, 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon taking office, La Follette called for an ambitious reform agenda, with his two top priorities being the implementation of primary elections<sup id="cite_ref-:9_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a reform of the state's tax system.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette initially hoped to work with the conservative faction of the Republican Party to pass these reforms, but conservatives and railroad interests broke with the governor. La Follette vetoed a primary election bill that would have applied only to local elections, while the state Senate voted to officially censure the governor after he attacked the legislature for failing to vote on his tax bill.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservative party leaders attempted to deny La Follette renomination in 1902, but La Follette's energized supporters overcame the conservatives and took control of the state convention, implementing a progressive party platform. In the 1902 general election, La Follette decisively defeated the conservative Democratic nominee, Mayor <a href="/wiki/David_Stuart_Rose" title="David Stuart Rose">David Stuart Rose</a> of <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of the 1902 election, the state legislature enacted the direct primary (subject to a statewide referendum) and La Follette's tax reform bill. The new tax law, which required railroads to pay taxes based on property owned rather than profits, resulted in railroads paying nearly double the amount of taxes they had paid before the enactment of the law.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having accomplished his first two major goals, La Follette next focused on regulating railroad rates, but the railroads prevented passage of his bill in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, La Follette became increasingly convinced of the need for a direct <a href="/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Income tax in the United States">income tax</a> in order to minimize <a href="/wiki/Tax_avoidance" title="Tax avoidance">tax avoidance</a> by the wealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his governorship, La Follette appointed African-American William Miller for a position in his office.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the legislature adjourned in mid-1903, La Follette began lecturing on the <a href="/wiki/Chautauqua" title="Chautauqua">Chautauqua</a> circuit, delivering 57 speeches across the Midwest.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also earned the attention of <a href="/wiki/Muckraker" title="Muckraker">muckraker</a> journalists like <a href="/wiki/Ray_Stannard_Baker" title="Ray Stannard Baker">Ray Stannard Baker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Steffens" title="Lincoln Steffens">Lincoln Steffens</a>, many of whom supported La Follette's progressive agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette's continued movement towards progressivism alienated many Republican Party leaders, and La Follette's followers and conservative party leaders held separate conventions in 1904; ultimately, the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court">state Supreme Court</a> declared that La Follette was the Republican Party's 1904 gubernatorial nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election in Wisconsin that year, La Follette won 51 percent of the vote, but he ran far behind Republican President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, who took 63 percent of the Wisconsin's vote in the national election by comparison. In that same election, Wisconsin voters approved the implementation of the direct primary.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1904 campaign, La Follette pledged that he would not resign as governor during his term, but after winning re-election he directed state representative Irvine Lenroot, a close political ally, to secure his election to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after La Follette delivered the inaugural message of his third term as governor, Lenroot began meeting with other legislators to assure that La Follette would be able to win election to the Senate; at that time, the state legislature elected senators.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette was formally nominated by the Republican caucus on January 23, 1905, and the state legislature chose him the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette delayed accepting the nomination and continued to serve as governor until December 1905, when he announced his resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout 1905, La Follette continued to push his progressive policies, including the state regulation of railroad rates. The state legislature passed a relatively weak regulation bill that La Follette considered vetoing, but he ultimately signed the law.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/James_O._Davidson" title="James O. Davidson">James O. Davidson</a> succeeded La Follette as governor and went on to win re-election in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senator_(1906–1925)"><span id="Senator_.281906.E2.80.931925.29"></span>Senator (1906–1925)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Senator (1906–1925)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roosevelt_administration_(1906–1909)"><span id="Roosevelt_administration_.281906.E2.80.931909.29"></span>Roosevelt administration (1906–1909)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Roosevelt administration (1906–1909)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._cph.3b16031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of La Follette (1908)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._cph.3b16031.jpg/220px-Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._cph.3b16031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._cph.3b16031.jpg/330px-Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._cph.3b16031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._cph.3b16031.jpg/440px-Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._cph.3b16031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>La Follette in 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>La Follette immediately emerged as a progressive leader in the Senate. At first, he focused on a railroad regulation bill making its way through the Senate;<sup id="cite_ref-:10_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he attacked the bill, eventually known as the <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_Act" title="Hepburn Act">Hepburn Act</a>, as a watered-down compromise.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also began campaigning across the country, advocating for the election of progressive senators.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservative party leaders, including Spooner and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_W._Aldrich" title="Nelson W. Aldrich">Nelson W. Aldrich</a>, detested La Follette, viewing him as a dangerous <a href="/wiki/Demagogue" title="Demagogue">demagogue</a>. Hoping to deprive La Follette of as much influence as possible, Aldrich and his allies assigned La Follette to insignificant committees and loaded him down with routine work.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, La Follette found ways to attack monopolistic coal companies, and he pressed for an expansion of the railroad regulation powers of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Interstate_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce">Interstate Commerce Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the help of sympathetic journalists, La Follette also led the passage of the 1907 Railway Hours Act, which prohibited railroad workers from working for more than 16 consecutive hours.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though he initially enjoyed warm relations with President Roosevelt, La Follette soured somewhat on the president after Roosevelt declined to support some progressive measures like physical valuation of Railroad properties. When Roosevelt did not support La Follette's bill to withdraw mineral land from corporate exploitation, La Follette told to Belle that Roosevelt "throws me down every day or so".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, La Follette alienated some of his supporters in Wisconsin by favoring Stephenson, his main donor, over Lenroot in an election to fill the seat of retiring Senator John Coit Spooner.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1907" title="Panic of 1907">Panic of 1907</a>, La Follette strongly opposed the <a href="/wiki/Aldrich%E2%80%93Vreeland_Act" title="Aldrich–Vreeland Act">Aldrich–Vreeland Act</a>, which would authorize the issuance of $500 million in bond-backed currency. He alleged that the panic had been engineered by the "Money Trust", a group of 97 large corporations that sought to use the panic to destroy competitors and force the government to prop up their businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette was unable to prevent the passage of the bill, but his 19-hour speech, the longest <a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">filibuster</a> in Senate history up to that point, proved popular throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1908, La Follette repeatedly sought election as the president.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette hoped that the backing of influential journalists like Lincoln Steffens and <a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst" title="William Randolph Hearst">William Randolph Hearst</a> would convince Republican leaders to nominate him for president in 1908, but he was unable to build a strong base of support outside of Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though he entered the <a href="/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention" title="1908 Republican National Convention">1908 Republican National Convention</a> with the backing of most Wisconsin delegates, no delegates outside of his home state backed his candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-Margulies_1997,_pp._278–279_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Margulies_1997,_pp._278–279-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the start of the convention, Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> was President Roosevelt's preferred choice, but Taft was opposed by some conservatives in the party. La Follette hoped that he might emerge as the Republican presidential nominee after multiple ballots, but Taft won the nomination on the first ballot of the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-Margulies_1997,_pp._278–279_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Margulies_1997,_pp._278–279-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette was nonetheless pleased that the party platform called for a reduction of the tariff and that Taft indicated that he would emulate Roosevelt's support for progressive policies. Taft defeated William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 election, and several progressives were victorious in the concurrent congressional elections.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1909, La Follette launched <i><a href="/wiki/La_Follette%27s_Weekly_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="La Follette's Weekly Magazine">La Follette's Weekly Magazine</a></i>, which quickly achieved a circulation of well over 30,000.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early associate editor of the magazine was the writer <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Quick" title="Herbert Quick">Herbert Quick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OILGUS_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OILGUS-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1924, La Follette contributed to the appointment of African-American Walter I. Cohen as Comptroller of the Port of New Orleans.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battling_the_Taft_administration_(1909–1913)"><span id="Battling_the_Taft_administration_.281909.E2.80.931913.29"></span>Battling the Taft administration (1909–1913)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battling the Taft administration (1909–1913)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft" title="Presidency of William Howard Taft">Presidency of William Howard Taft</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:180px;max-width:180px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:248px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodore_Roosevelt_1901-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of Theodore Roosevelt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Theodore_Roosevelt_1901-08.jpg/178px-Theodore_Roosevelt_1901-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Theodore_Roosevelt_1901-08.jpg/267px-Theodore_Roosevelt_1901-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Theodore_Roosevelt_1901-08.jpg/356px-Theodore_Roosevelt_1901-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="1635" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Theodore Roosevelt</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:180px;max-width:180px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:237px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WmHTaft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of William Howard Taft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/WmHTaft.jpg/178px-WmHTaft.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/WmHTaft.jpg/267px-WmHTaft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/WmHTaft.jpg/356px-WmHTaft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="928" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">William Howard Taft</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_P._Dolliver" title="Jonathan P. Dolliver">Jonathan P. Dolliver</a>, La Follette led a progressive faction of Republicans in the Senate that clashed with Aldrich over the reduction of tariff rates. Their fight for tariff reduction was motivated by a desire to lower prices for consumers, as they believed that the high rates of the 1897 <a href="/wiki/Dingley_Act" title="Dingley Act">Dingley Act</a> unfairly protected large corporations from competition and thereby allowed those corporations to charge high prices.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite a widespread desire among consumers for lower prices, and a party platform that called for tariff reduction, Aldrich and other party leaders put forward the <a href="/wiki/Payne%E2%80%93Aldrich_Tariff_Act" title="Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act">Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act</a>, which largely preserved the high tariff rates of the Dingley Act. With the support of President Taft, the Payne–Aldrich Tariff passed the Senate; all Republican senators except for La Follette's group of progressives voted for the tariff. The progressives did, however, begin the process of proposing the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixteenth Amendment</a>, which would effectively allow the federal government to levy an income tax.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1909, Taft fired <a href="/wiki/Louis_Glavis" title="Louis Glavis">Louis Glavis</a>, an official of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> who had alleged that Secretary of the Interior <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Ballinger" title="Richard A. Ballinger">Richard A. Ballinger</a> favored the illegal expansion of coal mining on government land in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Pinchot%E2%80%93Ballinger_controversy" title="Pinchot–Ballinger controversy">Pinchot–Ballinger controversy</a> pitted Ballinger and Taft against <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Gifford Pinchot</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> and a close friend of Theodore Roosevelt. La Follette's progressives strongly criticized the Taft administration for its handling of the controversy and initiated a congressional investigation into the affair.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Follette's successful re-election campaign in early 1911 further bolstered his position as the leader of the progressive faction of the Republican Party.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1911, after consulting with sympathetic journalists and public officials, La Follette launched the National Progressive Republican League, an organization devoted to passing progressive laws such as primary elections, the direct election of U.S. senators, and <a href="/wiki/Initiatives_and_referendums_in_the_United_States" title="Initiatives and referendums in the United States">referendums</a>. La Follette hoped that the league would also form a base of support for a challenge against Taft for the 1912 Republican presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The league won the endorsement of nine senators, 16 congressmen, four governors, and well-known individuals such as Pinchot and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a>, but notably lacked the support of former President Roosevelt. Explaining his refusal to join the league, Roosevelt asserted that he viewed the organization as too radical, stating his "wish to follow in the path of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> rather than in the path of <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips" title="Wendell Phillips">Wendell Phillips</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By mid-1911, most progressives believed that the battle for the 1912 Republican nomination would be waged between La Follette and Taft, but La Follette himself feared that Roosevelt would jump into the race. Many progressive leaders strongly criticized La Follette for focusing on writing his autobiography rather than on campaigning across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Thelen_1976,_pp._87–89_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thelen_1976,_pp._87–89-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette believed that his autobiography would help him win votes,<sup id="cite_ref-Thelen_1976,_pp._87–89_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thelen_1976,_pp._87–89-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and said: "Every line of this autobiography is written for the express purpose of exhibiting the struggle for a more representative government which is going forward in this country, and to cheer on the fighters for that cause."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in early 1912, but La Follette rejected the request of Pinchot and some other progressive leaders to drop out of the race and endorse the former president. </p><p> In Philadelphia on February 2, 1912, La Follette delivered a disastrous speech to the Periodical Publishers Banquet. He spoke for two hours before an audience of 500 nationally influential magazine editors and writers.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congressman Henry Cooper, a friend and ally of the senator, was there and made a memorandum:</p><blockquote><p>La Follette killed himself politically by his most unfortunate (worse than that) speech. It was a shocking scene. He lost his temper repeatedly—shook his fist—at listeners who had started to walk out too tired to listen longer—was abusive, ugly in manner....From the very outset his speech was tedious, inappropriate (for a banquet occasion like that), stereotyped; like too many others of his [it was] extreme in matter and especially in manner....LaFollette's secretary, came over to me…and with a dejected, disgusted look said softly to me—"This is terrible—he is making a d___d fool of himself." It ends him for the Presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAFOLLETTE,_ROBERT_M._REP._FROM_WISCONSIN_1885-1891;_GOVERNOR,_1901-1906;_SENATOR,_1906-1925_LCCN2016863756_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Refer to the caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LAFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT_M._REP._FROM_WISCONSIN_1885-1891%3B_GOVERNOR%2C_1901-1906%3B_SENATOR%2C_1906-1925_LCCN2016863756_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-LAFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT_M._REP._FROM_WISCONSIN_1885-1891%3B_GOVERNOR%2C_1901-1906%3B_SENATOR%2C_1906-1925_LCCN2016863756_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LAFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT_M._REP._FROM_WISCONSIN_1885-1891%3B_GOVERNOR%2C_1901-1906%3B_SENATOR%2C_1906-1925_LCCN2016863756_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-LAFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT_M._REP._FROM_WISCONSIN_1885-1891%3B_GOVERNOR%2C_1901-1906%3B_SENATOR%2C_1906-1925_LCCN2016863756_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LAFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT_M._REP._FROM_WISCONSIN_1885-1891%3B_GOVERNOR%2C_1901-1906%3B_SENATOR%2C_1906-1925_LCCN2016863756_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-LAFOLLETTE%2C_ROBERT_M._REP._FROM_WISCONSIN_1885-1891%3B_GOVERNOR%2C_1901-1906%3B_SENATOR%2C_1906-1925_LCCN2016863756_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8195" data-file-height="6122" /></a><figcaption>La Follette in 1912</figcaption></figure><p>Most of the audience decided La Follette had suffered a mental breakdown, and most of his supporters shifted to Roosevelt. La Follette's family said he was distraught after learning that his daughter, Mary, required surgery. She recovered but his candidacy did not.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, La Follette continued to campaign, focusing his attacks on Roosevelt rather than Taft.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Follette hoped to rejuvenate his campaign with victories in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_1912" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 1912">1912 Republican primaries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was able to win in only Wisconsin and North Dakota.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued to oppose Roosevelt at the <a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912 Republican National Convention</a>, which ultimately re-nominated Taft. Roosevelt's supporters bolted the Republican Party, established the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">Progressive Party</a>, and nominated Roosevelt on a <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third party</a> ticket. La Follette continued to attack Roosevelt, working with conservative Senator <a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Boies Penrose</a>, with whom La Follette shared only a dislike of Roosevelt, to establish a committee to investigate the sources of contributions to Roosevelt's 1904 and 1912 campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A filibuster threat by La Follette helped secure the passage of the enabling resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette otherwise remained neutral in the three-way general election contest between Roosevelt, Taft, and the Democratic nominee, <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>. With the Republican Party split, Wilson emerged triumphant in the <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912 election</a>. La Follette's conduct during the campaign destroyed his standing as the leader of progressive Republicans in the Senate, as many progressives believed that La Follette's refusal to work with Roosevelt had damaged the progressive cause and abetted Taft's re-nomination as Republican candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wilson_administration_(1913–1921)"><span id="Wilson_administration_.281913.E2.80.931921.29"></span>Wilson administration (1913–1921)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wilson administration (1913–1921)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Presidency of Woodrow Wilson</a></div> <p>La Follette initially hoped to work closely with the Wilson administration, but Wilson ultimately chose to rely on congressional Democrats to pass legislation. Nonetheless, La Follette was the lone Republican senator to vote for the <a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1913" title="Revenue Act of 1913">Revenue Act of 1913</a>, which lowered tariff rates and levied a federal income tax. La Follette, who wanted to use the income tax for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">income redistribution</a>, influenced the bill by calling for a higher surtax on those earning more than $100,000 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette and his fellow progressives challenged Wilson's proposed <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> as being overly-friendly towards the banking establishment, but Wilson convinced Democrats to enact his bill.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette also clashed with Southern Democrats like <a href="/wiki/James_K._Vardaman" title="James K. Vardaman">James K. Vardaman</a>, who directed the farm benefits of the <a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Lever_Act_of_1914" title="Smith–Lever Act of 1914">Smith–Lever Act of 1914</a> away from African-Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1915, La Follette won passage of the <a href="/wiki/Seamen%27s_Act" title="Seamen's Act">Seamen's Act</a>, which allowed sailors to quit their jobs at any port where cargo was unloaded; the bill also required passenger ships to include <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(shipboard)" title="Lifeboat (shipboard)">lifeboats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1914 mid-term elections, La Follette and his progressive allies in Wisconsin suffered a major defeat when conservative railroad executive <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_L._Philipp" title="Emanuel L. Philipp">Emanuel L. Philipp</a> won election as governor.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette fended off a primary challenge in 1916 and went on to decisively defeat his Democratic opponent in the general election, but Philipp also won re-election.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1916, foreign policy had emerged as the key issue in the country, and La Follette strongly opposed <a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">American interventions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, La Follette praised the Wilson administration's policy of neutrality, but he broke with the president as Wilson pursued policies favorable to the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theodore Roosevelt called him a "skunk who ought to be hanged" when he opposed the arming of American merchant ships.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opposition_to_American_involvement_in_World_War_I">Opposition to American involvement in World War I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Opposition to American involvement in World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_I" title="United States home front during World War I">United States home front during World War I</a></div> <p>La Follette opposed United States entry into World War I. On April 4, 1917, the day of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">vote on a war declaration by the US Congress</a>, La Follette in a debate before the US Senate said, "Stand firm against the war and the future will honor you. Collective homicide can not establish human rights. For our country to enter the European war would be treason to humanity."<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the U.S. Senate voted to support entry to the war 82–6, with the resolution passing the House of Representatives 373–50 two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette faced immediate pushback, including by the <i><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Journal" title="Wisconsin State Journal">Wisconsin State Journal</a></i>, whose editorial claimed La Follette to be acting on behalf of German interests. The newspaper said, "It reveals his position to be decidedly pro-German (and) un-American... It is nothing short of pathetic to witness a man like La Follette, whose many brave battles for democracy have endeared him to the hearts of hundreds of thousands of Americans, now lending himself to the encouragement of autocracy. And that is all it is".<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the U.S. declared war, La Follette denounced many of the administration's wartime policies, including the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">Selective Service Act of 1917</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This earned the ire of many Americans, who believed that La Follette was a traitor to his country, effectively supporting Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also resulted in a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Privileges_and_Elections" title="United States Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections">Senate Committee</a> pursuing a vote to <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_expelled_or_censured" title="List of United States senators expelled or censured">expel him</a> from the Senate for disloyalty, due to an antiwar speech he made in 1917; the Committee ultimately recommended against expulsion and the Senate agreed, 50–21, in early 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> in late 1917, La Follette supported the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>, whom he believed to be "struggling to establish an <a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">industrial democracy</a>". He denounced the <a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a> in 1919, which he thought stemmed from Wilson's desire to prevent the spread of socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Red_Scare" title="First Red Scare">First Red Scare</a>, a post-war period in the United States marked by the widespread fear of socialism and anarchism, La Follette condemned the <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Raids" title="Palmer Raids">Palmer Raids</a>, sought the repeal of the Espionage Act, and proposed amnesty for political prisoners like <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with a diverse array of progressive and conservative Republican senators, he helped prevent the U.S. from ratifying the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>. La Follette believed that the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, a vital component of the Treaty of Versailles, was primarily designed to protect the dominant financial interests of the United States and the Allied Powers.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harding–Coolidge_administration_(1921–1924)"><span id="Harding.E2.80.93Coolidge_administration_.281921.E2.80.931924.29"></span>Harding–Coolidge administration (1921–1924)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Harding–Coolidge administration (1921–1924)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidency of Warren G. Harding">Presidency of Warren G. Harding</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TIMEMagazine3Dec1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A pencil sketch of La Follette, as pictured on the cover page of the Time magazine (December 3, 1923 cover)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/TIMEMagazine3Dec1923.jpg/220px-TIMEMagazine3Dec1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/TIMEMagazine3Dec1923.jpg/330px-TIMEMagazine3Dec1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/TIMEMagazine3Dec1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> cover, December 3, 1923</figcaption></figure> <p>La Follette retained influence in Wisconsin after the war, and he led a progressive delegation to the <a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">1920 Republican National Convention</a>. Nationwide, however, the Republican Party had increasingly embraced conservatism, and La Follette was denounced as a Bolshevik when he called for the repeal of the 1920 <a href="/wiki/Esch%E2%80%93Cummins_Act" title="Esch–Cummins Act">Esch–Cummins Act</a>. After the Republican Party nominated conservative senator <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>, La Follette explored a third-party presidential bid, though he ultimately did not seek the presidency because various progressive groups were unable to agree on a platform.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920 presidential election</a>, which was won by Harding, La Follette became part of a "farm bloc" of congressmen who sought federal farm loans, a reduction in tariff rates, and other policies designed to help farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also resisted the tax cuts proposed by Secretary of the Treasury <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a>, and his opposition helped prevent Congress from cutting taxes as deeply as had been proposed by the secretary of the treasury.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1922, La Follette decisively defeated a primary challenge from conservative allies of President Harding, and he went on to win re-election with 81 percent of the vote. Nationwide, the elections saw the defeat of many conservative Republicans, leaving La Follette and his allies with control of the balance of power in Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Supreme Court struck down a federal <a href="/wiki/Child_labor_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child labor laws in the United States">child labor law</a>, La Follette became increasingly critical of the Court, and he proposed an amendment that would allow Congress to repass any law declared unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette also began investigations into the Harding administration, and his efforts ultimately helped result in the unearthing of the <a href="/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandal" title="Teapot Dome scandal">Teapot Dome scandal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harding died in August 1923 and was succeeded by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was firmly in the conservative wing of the Republican Party. </p><p>In 1920–21, La Follette continued his support for the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War, in addition to his vigorous denunciation of imperialism and militarism in that conflict and beyond. In the American and British versions, he continued to oppose the treaty oversight settlement and continued to reject the League of Nations. He advocated self-government for Ireland, India, Egypt, and withdrawal of foreign interest from China. By 1922, he focused primarily on domestic affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1924_presidential_campaign">1924 presidential campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1924 presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_M._La_Follette_standing_before_microphone,_making_oratorical_gestures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_M._La_Follette_standing_before_microphone%2C_making_oratorical_gestures.jpg/480px-Robert_M._La_Follette_standing_before_microphone%2C_making_oratorical_gestures.jpg" decoding="async" width="480" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_M._La_Follette_standing_before_microphone%2C_making_oratorical_gestures.jpg/720px-Robert_M._La_Follette_standing_before_microphone%2C_making_oratorical_gestures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_M._La_Follette_standing_before_microphone%2C_making_oratorical_gestures.jpg/960px-Robert_M._La_Follette_standing_before_microphone%2C_making_oratorical_gestures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4992" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>La Follette recording a radio speech in 1924, shortly before his death</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1924, conservatives were ascendant in both major parties. In 1923, La Follette began planning his final stand for a third party run for the presidency, sending his allies to various states to build up a base of support and ensure ballot access. In early 1924, a group of labor unions, socialists, and farm groups, inspired by the success of Britain's <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, established the <a href="/wiki/Conference_for_Progressive_Political_Action" title="Conference for Progressive Political Action">Conference for Progressive Political Action</a> (CPPA) as an <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_organization" title="Umbrella organization">umbrella organization</a> of left-wing groups. Aside from labor unions and farm groups, the CPPA also included groups representing African Americans, women, and college voters. The CPPA scheduled a <a href="/wiki/Nomination_of_Robert_M._La_Follette_for_President,_1924" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, 1924">national convention</a> to nominate a candidate for president in July 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette had changed his previous pro-Bolshevik stance after visiting the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in late 1923, where he had seen the impact of Communism on civil liberties and political rights. During that same time, La Follette visited England, Germany and Italy, where he expressed his dismay at the lack of freedom in the press to leader <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thelen182184_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelen182184-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With other left-wing groups supporting La Follette, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a> nominated its first ever candidate for president, <a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">William Z. Foster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 3, 1924, one day before the CPPA convention, La Follette announced his candidacy in the <a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924 presidential election</a>, stating that, "to break the combined power of the private monopoly system over the political and economic life of the American people is the one paramount issue."<sup id="cite_ref-thelen182184_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelen182184-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CPPA convention, which was dominated by supporters of La Follette, quickly endorsed his presidential bid. La Follette's first choice for his running mate, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a>, refused to join the campaign. The convention instead nominated Senator <a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Burton K. Wheeler</a> of Montana, a progressive Democrat who had refused to endorse <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a>, the Democratic nominee for president. Though the Socialists pushed for a full slate of candidates, at La Follette's insistence, the CPPA did not establish a formal third party or field candidates for races other than the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-thelen182184_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelen182184-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette would appear on the ballot in every state except Louisiana, but his ticket was known by a variety of labels, including "<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive</a>", "Socialist", "Non-Partisan", and "Independent".<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the convention, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a>, acting on the advice of perennial presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>, endorsed La Follette's candidacy. The <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor" title="American Federation of Labor">American Federation of Labor</a> and numerous other worker's groups also threw their support behind La Follette. Among the notable individuals who endorsed La Follette were birth control activist <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a>, African-American leader <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a>, economist <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a>, and newspaper publisher <a href="/wiki/E._W._Scripps" title="E. W. Scripps">E. W. Scripps</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Ickes" title="Harold L. Ickes">Harold L. Ickes</a> and some other progressives who had supported Roosevelt's 1912 candidacy threw their backing behind La Follette, though others, including <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Gifford Pinchot</a>, endorsed Coolidge.<sup id="cite_ref-thelen182184_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelen182184-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another group supporting La Follette was the Steuben Society, a <a href="/wiki/German-American" class="mw-redirect" title="German-American">German-American</a> organization that claimed a membership of six million.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1924prescountymap.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map of the United States of America with county subdivision. Most of the North and North-west states have red counties, while most of the Southern and South-western states have blue counties. Wisconsin has almost all counties in green color. Rest, most of the green counties are scattered in the North-western states." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1924prescountymap.PNG/290px-1924prescountymap.PNG" decoding="async" width="290" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1924prescountymap.PNG/435px-1924prescountymap.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1924prescountymap.PNG/580px-1924prescountymap.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>1924 presidential election results by county. Counties won by La Follette are marked green.</figcaption></figure> <p>La Follette's platform was based on many of the issues that he had been campaigning on throughout his political career.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He called for government ownership of the railroads and electric utilities, cheap credit for farmers, the outlawing of child labor, stronger laws to help labor unions, more protection of civil liberties, an end to American imperialism in Latin America, and a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> before any president could again lead the nation into war.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Professional gamblers initially gave La Follette a 16-to-1 odds of winning, and many expected that his candidacy would force a <a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">contingent election</a> in the House of Representatives. As election day approached, however, those hoping for a La Follette victory became more pessimistic. The various groups supporting La Follette often clashed, and his campaign was not nearly as well-financed as those of Davis and especially Coolidge. Corporate leaders, who saw in La Follette the specter of <a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">class warfare</a>, mobilized against his third-party candidacy. Republicans campaigned on a "Coolidge or chaos" platform, arguing that the election of La Follette would severely disrupt economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having little fear of a Democratic victory, the Republican Party mainly focused its campaign attacks on La Follette.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August and September, La Follette expressed his opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, describing the organization as containing "seeds of death" in its own body and his hatred for immigration quotas on the basis of racial discrimination, while defending control of immigration regarding economic issues. In response to La Follette's statements regarding the Klan, Imperial Wizard <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Wesley_Evans" title="Hiram Wesley Evans">Hiram Wesley Evans</a> denounced La Follette as being the "arch enemy of the country".<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately, La Follette took 16.6 percent of the vote, while Coolidge won a majority of the popular and electoral vote. La Follette carried his home state of Wisconsin and finished second in eleven states, all of which were west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>. He performed best in rural areas and working-class urban areas, with much of his support coming from individuals affiliated with the Socialist Party.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette's 16.6 percent showing represents the <a href="/wiki/List_of_third_party_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of third party performances in United States presidential elections">third best popular vote showing for a third party</a> since the American Civil War (after Roosevelt in 1912 and <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> in <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a>), and with him winning of his home state of Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CPPA dissolved shortly after the election as various groups withdrew support.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La-Follette-and-family-1924.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Refer to the caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/La-Follette-and-family-1924.jpeg/220px-La-Follette-and-family-1924.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/La-Follette-and-family-1924.jpeg/330px-La-Follette-and-family-1924.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/La-Follette-and-family-1924.jpeg/440px-La-Follette-and-family-1924.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2506" /></a><figcaption>La Follette with his wife and daughter in February 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>La Follette died in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, of a <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a>, complicated by <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">bronchitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, on June 18, 1925, four days after his 70th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill_Cemetery_(Madison,_Wisconsin)" title="Forest Hill Cemetery (Madison, Wisconsin)">Forest Hill Cemetery</a> on the near west side of Madison, Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, his Senate seat was offered to his wife, Belle Case La Follette, but she declined the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, his son <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert M. La Follette Jr.</a> was elected to the seat.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After her husband's death, Belle Case remained an influential figure and editor. By the mid-1930s, the La Follettes had reformed the Progressive Party on the state level in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Progressive_Party" title="Wisconsin Progressive Party">Wisconsin Progressive Party</a>. The party quickly, if briefly, became the dominant political power in the state, electing seven Progressive congressmen in 1934 and 1936. Their younger son, <a href="/wiki/Philip_La_Follette" title="Philip La Follette">Philip La Follette</a>, was elected Governor of Wisconsin, while their older son, Robert M. La Follette Jr., succeeded his father as senator. La Follette's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Fola_La_Follette" title="Fola La Follette">Fola La Follette</a>, was a prominent suffragette and labor activist and was married to the playwright <a href="/wiki/George_Middleton_(playwright)" title="George Middleton (playwright)">George Middleton</a>. A grandson, <a href="/wiki/Bronson_La_Follette" title="Bronson La Follette">Bronson La Follette</a>, served several terms as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Attorneys_General_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Attorneys General of Wisconsin">Attorney General of Wisconsin</a> and was the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin gubernatorial election, 1968">1968</a> Democratic gubernatorial nominee. La Follette has also influenced numerous other progressive politicians outside of Wisconsin, including <a href="/wiki/Floyd_B._Olson" title="Floyd B. Olson">Floyd B. Olson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Morse" title="Wayne Morse">Wayne Morse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator and 2020 presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> has frequently been compared to La Follette.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graves_of_Fola_La_Follette_(1882%E2%80%931970),_Belle_Case_La_Follette_(1859%E2%80%931931),_Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._(1855%E2%80%931925),_and_Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr._(1895%E2%80%931953)_at_Forest_Hill_Cemetery,_Madison,_WI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Graves_of_Fola_La_Follette_%281882%E2%80%931970%29%2C_Belle_Case_La_Follette_%281859%E2%80%931931%29%2C_Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._%281855%E2%80%931925%29%2C_and_Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr._%281895%E2%80%931953%29_at_Forest_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Madison%2C_WI.jpg/200px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Graves_of_Fola_La_Follette_%281882%E2%80%931970%29%2C_Belle_Case_La_Follette_%281859%E2%80%931931%29%2C_Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._%281855%E2%80%931925%29%2C_and_Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr._%281895%E2%80%931953%29_at_Forest_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Madison%2C_WI.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Graves_of_Fola_La_Follette_%281882%E2%80%931970%29%2C_Belle_Case_La_Follette_%281859%E2%80%931931%29%2C_Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._%281855%E2%80%931925%29%2C_and_Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr._%281895%E2%80%931953%29_at_Forest_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Madison%2C_WI.jpg/400px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>La Follette's grave (center) at Forest Hill Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1957, a Senate Committee chaired by Senator <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> selected La Follette to be one of the five senators to be listed in the Senate "<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a>", along with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1982 survey asking historians to rank the "ten greatest Senators in the nation's history" based on "accomplishments in office" and "long range impact on American history", placed La Follette first, tied with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing in 1998, historian John D. Buenker described La Follette as "the most celebrated figure in Wisconsin history".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Follette is represented by <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr._(Davidson)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. La Follette Sr. (Davidson)">one of two statues</a> from Wisconsin in the <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">National Statuary Hall</a>. An oval portrait of La Follette, painted by his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Chester_La_Follette" title="Chester La Follette">Chester La Follette</a>, also hangs in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_House" title="Robert M. La Follette House">Robert M. La Follette House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maple_Bluff,_Wisconsin" title="Maple Bluff, Wisconsin">Maple Bluff, Wisconsin</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>. Other things named for La Follette include <a href="/wiki/La_Follette_High_School" title="La Follette High School">La Follette High School</a> in Madison, the <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs">Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs</a> at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the town of <a href="/wiki/La_Follette,_Wisconsin" title="La Follette, Wisconsin">La Follette, Wisconsin</a>. Socialist historian <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a> saw La Follette as "standing apart from many Progressives in favoring competition, not monopoly (private or public)."<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Fighting Bob Festival</i> is an annual September tribute event held by Wisconsin progressives, sponsored by <a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Capital_Times" title="The Capital Times">The Capital Times</a><i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded in 2001 by Wisconsin labor lawyer and activist <a href="/wiki/Ed_Garvey" title="Ed Garvey">Ed Garvey</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chautauqua" title="Chautauqua">Chautauqua</a>-inspired Fighting Bob Fest has been held in <a href="/wiki/Baraboo,_Wisconsin" title="Baraboo, Wisconsin">Baraboo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Crosse,_Wisconsin" title="La Crosse, Wisconsin">La Crosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Stevens_Point,_Wisconsin" title="Stevens Point, Wisconsin">Stevens Point</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speakers have included Wisconsin figures like Rep. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Mark Pocan</a>, former Sen. <a href="/wiki/Russ_Feingold" title="Russ Feingold">Russ Feingold</a>, Sen. <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Tammy Baldwin</a> and journalist <a href="/wiki/John_Nichols_(journalist)" title="John Nichols (journalist)">John Nichols</a>, other noted mid-westerners, as well as national progressive populist figures, like Vermont Sen. <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hightower" title="Jim Hightower">Jim Hightower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nina_Turner" title="Nina Turner">Nina Turner</a><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wisconsin" title="History of Wisconsin">History of Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Follette_family" title="La Follette family">La Follette family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rhetorical_Presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rhetorical Presidency">The Rhetorical Presidency</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (2013), p. 490.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thelen182184-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thelen182184_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thelen182184_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thelen182184_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thelen182184_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thelen182184_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 182–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ritchie (2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stahl (2020), p. 23–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Am_Rad-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Am_Rad_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Am_Rad_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Am_Rad_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Am_Rad_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Buhle et al. (1994), pp. 159–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Collier's New Encyclopedia</i> (1921)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wheeler et al. (1913), p. 1199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New International Encyclopædia</i> (1905)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 8–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brøndal (2011), p. 344–346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unger (2000), pp. 95–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 9–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 17–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 21–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 22–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 25–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> (1922)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buenker (1998), pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia Americana</i> (1920)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 37–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 29, 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5700/sc5774/000000/000010/000000/000011/pdf/sc5774-10-11.pdf">La Follette and the Negro; A Consistent Record of 35 Years, From 1889 to 1924</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 42–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 44–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1976), pp. 214–217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1976), pp. 218–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1976), pp. 220–221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1976), pp. 221–225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1976), pp. 223–225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1997), pp. 267–268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1997), pp. 268–269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 55–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 58–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 62–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1997), p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Margulies_1997,_pp._278–279-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Margulies_1997,_pp._278–279_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Margulies_1997,_pp._278–279_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Margulies (1997), pp. 278–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelen (1976), pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OILGUS-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OILGUS_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEhrlich1982" class="citation book cs1">Ehrlich, Eugene and Gorton Carruth (1982). <i>The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2023</span>. <q>originated in 2001 with Garvey a central founder, is named after the firebrand progressive Robert La Follette Sr.… the festival has attracted many of the nation's most thoughtful progressives, including Sanders, Jim Hightower, Jesse Jackson, Wisconsin Democratic Senator Tammy Baldwin</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Prospect&rft.atitle=Wisconsin+Progressive+Giant+Ed+Garvey%27s+Vital+Message&rft.date=2017-03-02&rft.aulast=Bybee&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprospect.org%2Fapi%2Fcontent%2F56e9f417-5f39-54dd-8222-250d1fb72e4e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Brøndal, Jørn (2011). "The Ethnic and Racial Side of Robert M. La Follette Sr". <i>The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era</i>. <b>10</b> (3). Society for Historians of the Gilded Age & Progressive Era: 340–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537781411000077">10.1017/S1537781411000077</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23045141">23045141</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163776027">163776027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Gilded+Age+and+Progressive+Era&rft.atitle=The+Ethnic+and+Racial+Side+of+Robert+M.+La+Follette+Sr.&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=340-53&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163776027%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23045141%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1537781411000077&rft.aulast=Br%C3%B8ndal&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Buenker, John D. (1998). "Robert M. La Follette's Progressive Odyssey". <i>The Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>. <b>82</b> (1): 2–31. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4636775">4636775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Robert+M.+La+Follette%27s+Progressive+Odyssey&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2-31&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4636775%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Buenker&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Buenker, John D. (2013). <i>The Progressive Era, 1893–1914</i>. Wisconsin Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87020-631-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87020-631-3"><bdi>978-0-87020-631-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Progressive+Era%2C+1893%E2%80%931914&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Historical+Society&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-87020-631-3&rft.aulast=Buenker&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Buhle, Mari Jo; Buhle, Paul; Kaye, Harvey J., eds. (1994). <i>The American Radical</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90804-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90804-7"><bdi>978-0-415-90804-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Radical&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-415-90804-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">Dreier, Peter (April 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/la-follettes-wisconsin-idea">"La Follette's Wisconsin Idea"</a>. <i>Dissent Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dissent+Magazine&rft.atitle=La+Follette%27s+Wisconsin+Idea&rft.date=2011-04-11&rft.aulast=Dreier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissentmagazine.org%2Fonline_articles%2Fla-follettes-wisconsin-idea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Feinman, Ronald L. (February 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/161928">"Between Hillary and Bernie: Who's the Real Progressive?"</a>. History News Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Between+Hillary+and+Bernie%3A+Who%27s+the+Real+Progressive%3F&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft.aulast=Feinman&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorynewsnetwork.org%2Farticle%2F161928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Jentleson, Bruce W.; Jentleson, Bruce W., eds. (1997). <i>Encyclopedia of U.S. foreign relations</i>. Thomas G. Paterson. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511055-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511055-5"><bdi>978-0-19-511055-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34557986">34557986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+U.S.+foreign+relations&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34557986&rft.isbn=978-0-19-511055-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Margulies, Herbert (1997). "Robert M. La Follette as Presidential Aspirant: The First Campaign, 1908". <i>The Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>. <b>80</b> (4): 258–279. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4636705">4636705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Robert+M.+La+Follette+as+Presidential+Aspirant%3A+The+First+Campaign%2C+1908&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=258-279&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4636705%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Margulies&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Margulies, Herbert F. (1976). "Robert M. La Follette Goes to the Senate, 1905". <i>The Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>. <b>59</b> (3): 214–225. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4635046">4635046</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Robert+M.+La+Follette+Goes+to+the+Senate%2C+1905&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=214-225&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4635046%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Margulies&rft.aufirst=Herbert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">McLaurin, Ann M.; Pederson, William D. (1987). <i>The Rating game in American politics : an interdisciplinary approach</i>. Irvington Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8290-1812-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8290-1812-7"><bdi>978-0-8290-1812-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15196190">15196190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rating+game+in+American+politics+%3A+an+interdisciplinary+approach&rft.pub=Irvington+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15196190&rft.isbn=978-0-8290-1812-7&rft.aulast=McLaurin&rft.aufirst=Ann+M.&rft.au=Pederson%2C+William+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Ritchie, Donald A. (2000) [1999]. "La Follette, Robert Marion (1855–1925)". <i>American National Biography</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fanb%2F9780198606697.article.0600351">10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+National+Biography&rft.atitle=La+Follette%2C+Robert+Marion+%281855%E2%80%931925%29&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fanb%2F9780198606697.article.0600351&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Donald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Shideler, James H. (June 1950). "The La Follette Progressive Party Campaign of 1924". <i>The Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>. <b>33</b> (4): 444–457. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4632172">4632172</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=The+La+Follette+Progressive+Party+Campaign+of+1924&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=444-457&rft.date=1950-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4632172%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shideler&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Thelen, David P. (1976). <i>Robert M. La Follette and the Insurgent Spirit</i>. Boston: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-83927-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-83927-3"><bdi>978-0-316-83927-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5198113M">5198113M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+M.+La+Follette+and+the+Insurgent+Spirit&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL5198113M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-316-83927-3&rft.aulast=Thelen&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Ryan, Halford Ross (1988). <i>Oratorical Encounters: Selected Studies and Sources of Twentieth Century Political Accusations</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-25568-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-25568-7"><bdi>978-0-313-25568-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oratorical+Encounters%3A+Selected+Studies+and+Sources+of+Twentieth+Century+Political+Accusations&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-313-25568-7&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Halford+Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stahl, Kris. "Robert M. La Follette, Sr.: A Man Worth Remembering" <i>Torch Magazine</i> (Spring 2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsociology.org/torchmagazine/v933/Stahl.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Unger, Nancy C. "The 'Political Suicide' of Robert M. La Follette: Public Disaster, Private Catharsis" Psychohistory Review 21#2 (1993) pp. 187–220 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=history">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Unger, Nancy C. (2000). <i>Fighting Bob La Follette: The Righteous Reformer</i>. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-2545-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-2545-7"><bdi>978-0-8078-2545-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL51780M">51780M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Bob+La+Follette%3A+The+Righteous+Reformer&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL51780M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-2545-7&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.aufirst=Nancy+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Edward Jewitt; Funk, Isaac Kaufman; Woods, William Seaver (May 24, 1913). <i>Notable Vegetarians</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notable+Vegetarians&rft.date=1913-05-24&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Edward+Jewitt&rft.au=Funk%2C+Isaac+Kaufman&rft.au=Woods%2C+William+Seaver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Wickware, Francis Graham, ed. (1918). <i>The American Year Book: A Record of Events and Progress</i>. T. Nelson & Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1480987">1480987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Year+Book%3A+A+Record+of+Events+and+Progress&rft.pub=T.+Nelson+%26+Sons&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1480987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madison.com/opinion/column/bob-la-follette-s-big-mistake----state/article_f9cd705a-2b69-58a5-b409-0b42e1a82962.html">"Bob La Follette's big mistake – State Journal editorial from 100 years ago"</a></span>. <i>Wisconsin State Journal</i>. April 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+State+Journal&rft.atitle=Bob+La+Follette%27s+big+mistake+%E2%80%93+State+Journal+editorial+from+100+years+ago&rft.date=2017-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadison.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumn%2Fbob-la-follette-s-big-mistake----state%2Farticle_f9cd705a-2b69-58a5-b409-0b42e1a82962.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060929201113/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/lafollette/">"Belle Case La Follette"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" title="Wisconsin Historical Society">Wisconsin Historical Society</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/lafollette">the original</a> on September 29, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Belle+Case+La+Follette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisconsinhistory.org%2Ftopics%2Flafollette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/06/19/archives/la-follette-dies-in-capital-home-lauded-by-his-foes-final-attack-of.html">"La Follette Dies In Capital Home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. June 19, 1925<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=La+Follette+Dies+In+Capital+Home&rft.date=1925-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F06%2F19%2Farchives%2Fla-follette-dies-in-capital-home-lauded-by-his-foes-final-attack-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/tp/id/26917">"La Follette's speech in the U.S. Senate against the entry of the United States into the World War, April 4, 1917"</a>. <i>Turning Points in Wisconsin History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turning+Points+in+Wisconsin+History&rft.atitle=La+Follette%27s+speech+in+the+U.S.+Senate+against+the+entry+of+the+United+States+into+the+World+War%2C+April+4%2C+1917&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.wisconsinhistory.org%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2Ftp%2Fid%2F26917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/l000004">"La Follette, Robert Marion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress </a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=La+Follette%2C+Robert+Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fsearch%2Fbio%2Fl000004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1eJPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=21QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3870%2C2295814">"Nation Mourns Death of Harding; Coolidge Sworn-In at Home of Father"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Independent" title="Evening Independent">The Evening Independent</a></i>. August 3, 1923<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Independent&rft.atitle=Nation+Mourns+Death+of+Harding%3B+Coolidge+Sworn-In+at+Home+of+Father&rft.date=1923-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D1eJPAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D21QDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3870%252C2295814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p9NPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=61IDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6038%2C4508250">"President Dies Suddenly; Coolidge Inaugurated President Early Today"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Victoria_Advocate" title="The Victoria Advocate">The Victoria Advocate</a></i>. August 3, 1923<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Victoria+Advocate&rft.atitle=President+Dies+Suddenly%3B+Coolidge+Inaugurated+President+Early+Today&rft.date=1923-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dp9NPAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D61IDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6038%252C4508250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/art-artifacts/fine-art/paintings/32_00010.htm">"Robert M. La Follette"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Senate&rft.atitle=Robert+M.+La+Follette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fart-artifacts%2Ffine-art%2Fpaintings%2F32_00010.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Famous_Five.htm">"The 'Famous Five'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>United States Senate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Senate&rft.atitle=The+%27Famous+Five%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fminute%2FThe_Famous_Five.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/La_Follette,_Robert_Marion" class="extiw" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/La Follette, Robert Marion">La Follette, Robert Marion</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (12th ed.). 1922.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Follette%2C+Robert+Marion&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=12th&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/La_Follette,_Robert_Marion" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/La Follette, Robert Marion">La Follette, Robert Marion</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Follette%2C+Robert+Marion&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/La_Follette,_Robert_Marion" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/La Follette, Robert Marion">La Follette, Robert Marion</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Follette%2C+Robert+Marion&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/La_Follette,_Robert_Marion" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/La Follette, Robert Marion">La Follette, Robert Marion</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Follette%2C+Robert+Marion&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Cooper_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="John M. Cooper (historian)">Cooper, John Milton Jr.</a> (Spring 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/wmh/id/42888">"Why Wisconsin? The Badger State in the Progressive Era"</a>. <i>The Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>. <b>87</b> (3): 14–25. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4637084">4637084</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Why+Wisconsin%3F+The+Badger+State+in+the+Progressive+Era&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=14-25&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4637084%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=John+Milton+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.wisconsinhistory.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fwmh%2Fid%2F42888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Bayard_Hale" title="William Bayard Hale">Hale, William Bayard</a> (June 1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rHAAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA14591">"La Follette, Pioneer Progressive: The Story of "Fighting Bob", the New Master of the Senate and Candidate for the Presidency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World%27s_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Work">The World's Work: A History of Our Time</a></i>. <b>XXII</b>: 14591–14600<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World%27s+Work%3A+A+History+of+Our+Time&rft.atitle=La+Follette%2C+Pioneer+Progressive%3A+The+Story+of+%22Fighting+Bob%22%2C+the+New+Master+of+the+Senate+and+Candidate+for+the+Presidency&rft.volume=XXII&rft.pages=14591-14600&rft.date=1911-06&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=William+Bayard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrHAAAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA14591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>La Follette, Belle Case, and Fola La Follette. <i>Robert M. La Follette, June 14, 1855- June 18, 1925</i> (1953) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertmlafollett0001lafo/page/n7/mode/2up">vol 1 online</a>; also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertmlafollett0002lafo/page/n5/mode/2up">vol 2 online</a>; very detailed biography by his wife and daughter.</li> <li>McCormick, Richard L. "Divergent Courses of La Follette Progressivism." <i>Reviews in American History</i> 6#4 (1978), pp. 530–536 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2701330">online</a></li> <li>Maxwell, Robert S. "La Follette and the Progressive Machine in Wisconsin." <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i> (1952) 48#1: 55–70. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/download/8100/9914">online</a></li> <li>Maxwell, Robert S. <i>La Follette and the Rise of Progressives in Wisconsin</i> (1956) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lafolletteriseof0000unse">online</a></li> <li>Maxwell, Robert S. ed. <i>La Follette</i> (1969) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lafollette0000maxw">online</a>, excerpt from primary sources.</li> <li>Murphy, William B. "The National Progressive Republican League and the Elusive Quest for Progressive Unity." <i>Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era</i> 8.4 (2009): 515–543.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Scroop, Daniel (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14664658.2012.681944">"A Life in Progress: Motion and Emotion in the Autobiography of Robert M. La Follette"</a>. <i>American Nineteenth Century History</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 45–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14664658.2012.681944">10.1080/14664658.2012.681944</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1466-4658">1466-4658</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143799227">143799227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Nineteenth+Century+History&rft.atitle=A+Life+in+Progress%3A+Motion+and+Emotion+in+the+Autobiography+of+Robert+M.+La+Follette&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-64&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143799227%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1466-4658&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14664658.2012.681944&rft.aulast=Scroop&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F14664658.2012.681944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Thelen, David Paul (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58VjAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Early Life of Robert M. La Follette, 1855-1884</i></a>. University of Wisconsin–Madison.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Life+of+Robert+M.+La+Follette%2C+1855-1884&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Thelen&rft.aufirst=David+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58VjAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Thelen, David P. <i>Robert M. La Follette and the insurgent spirit</i> (1976) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertmlafollett00thel">online</a></li> <li>Thelen, David Paul. <i>The new citizenship: Origins of progressivism in Wisconsin, 1885-1900</i> (U of Missouri Press, 1972) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcitizenshipor00thel">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Weisberger" title="Bernard Weisberger">Weisberger, Bernard A.</a> (1994). <i>The La Follettes of Wisconsin: Love and Politics in Progressive America</i>. Madison, Wis.: The University of Wisconsin Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+La+Follettes+of+Wisconsin%3A+Love+and+Politics+in+Progressive+America&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wis.&rft.pub=The+University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Weisberger&rft.aufirst=Bernard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Yu, Wang. "'Boss' La Follette and the Paradox of the Progressive Movement" <i>Journal of American History</i> (March 2022) 108#4 pp 726–744. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaac002">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">La Follette, Robert M. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/07510/07510.pdf"><i>La Follette's Autobiography; A Personal Narrative of Political Experiences</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Follette%27s+Autobiography%3B+A+Personal+Narrative+of+Political+Experiences&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=La+Follette&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftile.loc.gov%2Fstorage-services%2Fservice%2Fgdc%2Flhbum%2F07510%2F07510.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+M.+La+Follette" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>La Follette, Robert M. <i>The political philosophy of Robert M. La Follette as revealed in his speeches and writings</i> (1920) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalphilos00follgoog/mode/2up">online</a></li> <li>La Follette, Robert M. <i>Speech of Senator Robert M. La Follette. Memorandum of information submitted to the Committee on privileges and elections, United States Senate, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, relative to the resolutions from the Minnesota Commission of public safety, petitioning for proceedings looking to the expulsion of Senator Robert M. La Follette</i> (1918) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/speechofsenatorr00unit">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Sr." class="extiw" title="q:Robert M. La Follette Sr.">Robert M. La Follette Sr.</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_M._La_Follette,_Sr." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert M. La Follette, Sr.">Robert M. La Follette, Sr.</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-035/">The Career of Robert M. La Follette</a>—documentary coverage at the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" title="Wisconsin Historical Society">Wisconsin Historical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DGzm2fpVopwC&dq=%22Free+Speech+and+the+Right+of+Congress+to+Declare+the+Objects+of+the+War%22&pg=PA7878">Statement of Free Speech and the Right of Congress to Declare the Objects of the War</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/groups/lafollette/1924/0526-lafollette-onwpa.pdf">Statement of Robert La Follette Sr. on Communist Participation in the Progressive Movement, 26 May 1924</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER0661.html">Wisconsin Electronic Reader</a>—Senator La Follette's picture biography</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Scofield" title="Edward Scofield">Edward Scofield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_gubernatorial_elections" title="Wisconsin gubernatorial elections">nominee</a> for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1900_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1900 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/1902_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1902 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1902</a>, <a href="/wiki/1904_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1904 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">1904</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_O._Davidson" title="James O. Davidson">James O. Davidson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>First</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 1</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1916 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">1916</a>, <a href="/wiki/1922_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1922 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">1922</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert M. La Follette Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924)">Progressive</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Party dissolved </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><br />Endorsed </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Burr_W._Jones" title="Burr W. Jones">Burr W. Jones</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Wisconsin">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district">Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district</a> </b><br />1885–1891 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Allen_R._Bushnell" title="Allen R. Bushnell">Allen R. Bushnell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Scofield" title="Edward Scofield">Edward Scofield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a> </b><br />1901–1906 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_O._Davidson" title="James O. Davidson">James O. Davidson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_V._Quarles" title="Joseph V. Quarles">Joseph V. Quarles</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Wisconsin">U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Wisconsin</a> </b><br />1906–1925 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">John Coit Spooner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">Isaac Stephenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_O._Husting" title="Paul O. Husting">Paul O. Husting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">Irvine Lenroot</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">Robert M. La Follette Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chester_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Long">Chester Long</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Census" title="United States Senate Committee on the Census">Senate Census Committee</a> </b><br />1909–1913 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chilton" title="William E. Chilton">William E. Chilton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Stone" title="William J. Stone">William J. Stone</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Corporations_Organized_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States Senate Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia">Senate District of Columbia Corporations Committee</a> </b><br />1913–1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Atlee Pomerene</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Gibson" title="Hugh S. Gibson">Hugh S. Gibson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine_(1920s)" title="List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)">Cover of <i>Time</i></a> </b><br />December 3, 1923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Albert B. Cummins</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_left-wing_third-party_U.S._presidential_tickets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_left-wing_third_party_presidential_tickets_(U.S.)" title="Template:Historical left-wing third party presidential tickets (U.S.)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_left-wing_third_party_presidential_tickets_(U.S.)" title="Template talk:Historical left-wing third party presidential tickets (U.S.)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_left-wing_third_party_presidential_tickets_(U.S.)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical left-wing third party presidential tickets (U.S.)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_left-wing_third-party_U.S._presidential_tickets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_left-wing_politics_in_the_United_States" title="History of left-wing politics in the United States">Historical left-wing third-party U.S. presidential tickets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This group includes only pre-1996 parties that fielded a candidate that won greater 0.1% of the popular vote in at least one presidential election</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential<br />tickets that<br />won at least<br />one percent of<br />the national<br />popular vote<br /> (candidate(s) / <br /> running mate(s))</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cooper" title="Peter Cooper">Peter Cooper</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fenton_Cary" title="Samuel Fenton Cary">Samuel F. Cary</a> (<a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">James B. Weaver</a>/<a href="/wiki/Barzillai_J._Chambers" title="Barzillai J. Chambers">Barzillai J. Chambers</a> (<a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Benjamin Butler</a>/<a href="/wiki/Absolom_M._West" title="Absolom M. West">Absolom M. West</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_19th_century)" title="Labor Party (United States, 19th century)">Union Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alson_Streeter" title="Alson Streeter">Alson Streeter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Cunningham" title="Charles E. Cunningham">Charles E. Cunningham</a> (<a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">James B. Weaver</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_G._Field" title="James G. Field">James G. Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Thomas E. Watson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ben_Hanford" title="Ben Hanford">Ben Hanford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a> and <a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_L._Benson" title="Allan L. Benson">Allan L. Benson</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Ross_Kirkpatrick" title="George Ross Kirkpatrick">George R. Kirkpatrick</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seymour_Stedman" title="Seymour Stedman">Seymour Stedman</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_H._Maurer" title="James H. Maurer">James H. Maurer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Bull Moose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive (1924)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert M. La Follette</a>/<a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Burton K. Wheeler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive (1948)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glen_H._Taylor" title="Glen H. Taylor">Glen H. Taylor</a> (<a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable<br />left-wing parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(United_States)" title="Independence Party (United States)">Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1932)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1932)">Liberty Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Third-party performances in presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor history of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States">Socialism in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Wisconsin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Wisconsin" title="Template:Governors of Wisconsin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Wisconsin" title="Template talk:Governors of Wisconsin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Wisconsin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Wisconsin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Wisconsin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Wisconsin" title="List of governors of Wisconsin">Governors of Wisconsin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Territory" title="Wisconsin Territory">Territory <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1836–1848)</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Duane_Doty" title="James Duane Doty">Doty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Tallmadge" title="Nathaniel P. Tallmadge">Tallmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Catlin_(politician)" title="John Catlin (politician)">Catlin</a> (acting)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Privy Seal of Wisconsin"><img alt="Privy Seal of Wisconsin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg/75px-Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg/113px-Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg/150px-Privy_Seal_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Privy Seal of Wisconsin</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">State <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1848)</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Dewey" title="Nelson Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_J._Farwell" title="Leonard J. Farwell">Farwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Barstow" title="William A. Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_MacArthur_Sr." title="Arthur MacArthur Sr.">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Bashford" title="Coles Bashford">Bashford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Randall_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Alexander Randall (Wisconsin politician)">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_P._Harvey" title="Louis P. Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Salomon" title="Edward Salomon">Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Lewis" title="James T. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fairchild" title="Lucius Fairchild">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallader_C._Washburn" title="Cadwallader C. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Taylor" title="William Robert Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ludington" title="Harrison Ludington">Ludington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Smith_(politician)" title="William E. Smith (politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_McLain_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah McLain Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Hoard" title="William D. Hoard">Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wilbur_Peck" title="George Wilbur Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Upham" title="William H. Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Scofield" title="Edward Scofield">Scofield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Davidson" title="James O. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._McGovern" title="Francis E. McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_L._Philipp" title="Emanuel L. Philipp">Philipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Blaine" title="John J. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Zimmerman" title="Fred R. Zimmerman">Zimmerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Kohler_Sr." title="Walter J. Kohler Sr.">Kohler Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_La_Follette" title="Philip La Follette">P. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Schmedeman" title="Albert G. Schmedeman">Schmedeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_La_Follette" title="Philip La Follette">P. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_P._Heil" title="Julius P. Heil">Heil</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Orland_Steen_Loomis" title="Orland Steen Loomis">Loomis</a>) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Samuel_Goodland" title="Walter Samuel Goodland">Goodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Rennebohm" title="Oscar Rennebohm">Rennebohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Kohler_Jr." title="Walter J. Kohler Jr.">Kohler Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Wallace_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Wallace Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Reynolds_Jr." title="John W. Reynolds Jr.">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_P._Knowles" title="Warren P. Knowles">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Lucey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_J._Schreiber" title="Martin J. Schreiber">Schreiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_S._Dreyfus" title="Lee S. Dreyfus">Dreyfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Earl" title="Tony Earl">Earl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_McCallum" title="Scott McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Doyle" title="Jim Doyle">Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Evers" title="Tony Evers">Evers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>(*) elected but died before taking office</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="Template:United States senators from Wisconsin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="Template talk:United States senators from Wisconsin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Wisconsin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">United States senators from Wisconsin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Doolittle" title="James R. Doolittle">Doolittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Cameron_(American_politician)" title="Angus Cameron (American politician)">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Mitchell" title="John L. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_V._Quarles" title="Joseph V. Quarles">Quarles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La Follette Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr.">La Follette Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire">Proxmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Kohl" title="Herb Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_P._Walker" title="Isaac P. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Durkee" title="Charles Durkee">Durkee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_O._Howe" title="Timothy O. Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Cameron_(American_politician)" title="Angus Cameron (American politician)">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_O._Husting" title="Paul O. Husting">Husting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">Lenroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Blaine" title="John J. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Ryan_Duffy" title="F. Ryan Duffy">Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">Wiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">Kasten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Feingold" title="Russ Feingold">Feingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson" title="Ron Johnson">Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1904)_1908_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1912)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1908 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1908 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1908 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1904)_1908_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1912)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">← 1904</a>) <a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">→ 1912</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention" title="1908 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Philander C. Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Charles W. Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert M. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Foraker" title="Joseph B. Foraker">Joseph B. Foraker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._M._Shaw" title="L. M. Shaw">L. M. Shaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">John W. Kern</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Gray_(Delaware_politician)" title="George Gray (Delaware politician)">George Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Albert_Johnson" title="John Albert Johnson">John Albert Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Hanford" title="Ben Hanford">Ben Hanford</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_W._Chafin" title="Eugene W. Chafin">Eugene W. Chafin</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_S._Watkins" title="Aaron S. Watkins">Aaron S. Watkins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FFC14E;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Independence_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Independence Party">Independence Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Hisgen" title="Thomas L. Hisgen">Thomas L. Hisgen</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Temple_Graves" title="John Temple Graves">John Temple Graves</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ACE1AF;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Thomas E. Watson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Williams_(American_politician)" title="Samuel Williams (American politician)">Samuel Williams</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1908 elections:</b> <a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1908 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_and_1909_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1908 and 1909 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1908)_1912_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1916)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1912 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1912 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1912 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1908)_1912_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1916)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">← 1908</a>) <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">→ 1916</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Champ Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judson_Harmon" title="Judson Harmon">Judson Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Oscar Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">Eugene Foss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a></b> (incumbent)</li> <li><b>Vice President:</b> <s><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a></s> (incumbent; nominated but died before election)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert M. La Follette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #B63434;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1912_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1912 Progressive National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><b><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_W._Chafin" title="Eugene W. Chafin">Eugene W. Chafin</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_S._Watkins" title="Aaron S. Watkins">Aaron S. Watkins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Reimer" title="Arthur E. Reimer">Arthur E. Reimer</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/August_Gillhaus" title="August Gillhaus">August Gillhaus</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1912 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_and_1913_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 and 1913 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1916)_1920_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1924)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1920 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1920 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1920 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1916)_1920_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1924)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">← 1916</a>) <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">→ 1924</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Orren Lowden">Frank Orren Lowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Sproul" title="William Cameron Sproul">William Cameron Sproul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert M. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeter_C._Pritchard" title="Jeter C. Pritchard">Jeter C. Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Poindexter" title="Miles Poindexter">Miles Poindexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Sutherland" title="Howard Sutherland">Howard Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">William Gibbs McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmer" title="A. Mitchell Palmer">A. Mitchell Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_I._Edwards" title="Edward I. Edwards">Edward I. Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (incumbent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Owen" title="Robert L. Owen">Robert L. Owen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Stedman" title="Seymour Stedman">Seymour Stedman</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #66FF99;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Parley_P._Christensen" title="Parley P. Christensen">Parley P. Christensen</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Max_S._Hayes" title="Max S. Hayes">Max S. Hayes</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_S._Watkins" title="Aaron S. Watkins">Aaron S. Watkins</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/D._Leigh_Colvin" title="D. Leigh Colvin">D. Leigh Colvin</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(Texas)" title="American Party (Texas)">American Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_E._Ferguson" title="James E. Ferguson">James E. Ferguson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Hough_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Hough (politician) (page does not exist)">William J. Hough</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/William_Wesley_Cox" title="William Wesley Cox">William Wesley Cox</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/August_Gillhaus" title="August Gillhaus">August Gillhaus</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #4C915F;"><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Single Tax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Colvin_Macauley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Colvin Macauley (page does not exist)">Robert Colvin Macauley</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_C._Barnum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard C. Barnum (page does not exist)">Richard C. Barnum</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1920 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1920 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1920 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1920)_1924_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1928)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1924 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1924 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1924 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1920)_1924_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1928)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">← 1920</a>) <a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">→ 1928</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_National_Convention" title="1924 Republican National Convention">Convention</a> · <a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></b> (incumbent)</li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert M. La Follette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> · <a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">Charles W. Bryan</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">William Gibbs McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1924_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1924 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Oscar Underwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><b><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert M. La Follette</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Burton K. Wheeler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">William Z. Foster</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gitlow" title="Benjamin Gitlow">Benjamin Gitlow</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Herman_P._Faris" title="Herman P. Faris">Herman P. Faris</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Marie_C._Brehm" title="Marie C. Brehm">Marie C. Brehm</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">American Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Nations" title="Gilbert Nations">Gilbert Nations</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hiram_Randall" title="Charles Hiram Randall">Charles Hiram Randall</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1924 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1924 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1924 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wisconsin&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_49th–51st_&amp;_59th–69th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wisconsin&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_49th–51st_&amp;_59th–69th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>'s delegation(s) to the 49th–51st & 59th–69th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/49th_United_States_Congress" title="49th United States Congress">49th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">P. Sawyer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">J. Spooner</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lucien_B._Caswell" title="Lucien B. Caswell">L. Caswell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Bragg" title="Edward S. Bragg">E. Bragg</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Guenther" title="Richard W. Guenther">R. Guenther</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rankin" title="Joseph Rankin"><i>J. Rankin</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_T._Price" title="William T. Price"><i>W. Price</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">I. Stephenson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ormsby_B._Thomas" title="Ormsby B. Thomas">O. Thomas</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Isaac_W._Van_Schaick" title="Isaac W. Van Schaick">I. Van Schaick</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Hudd" title="Thomas R. Hudd"><i>T. Hudd</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hugh_H._Price" title="Hugh H. Price"><i>H. Price</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/50th_United_States_Congress" title="50th United States Congress">50th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">P. Sawyer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">J. Spooner</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lucien_B._Caswell" title="Lucien B. Caswell">L. Caswell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Guenther" title="Richard W. Guenther">R. Guenther</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">I. Stephenson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ormsby_B._Thomas" title="Ormsby B. Thomas">O. Thomas</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Hudd" title="Thomas R. Hudd">T. Hudd</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Clark" title="Charles B. Clark">C. Clark</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nils_P._Haugen" title="Nils P. Haugen">N. Haugen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#FF6347;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Smith_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Henry Smith (Wisconsin politician)">H. Smith</a> (Lab)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/51st_United_States_Congress" title="51st United States Congress">51st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">P. Sawyer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">J. Spooner</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lucien_B._Caswell" title="Lucien B. Caswell">L. Caswell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ormsby_B._Thomas" title="Ormsby B. Thomas">O. Thomas</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Clark" title="Charles B. Clark">C. Clark</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nils_P._Haugen" title="Nils P. Haugen">N. Haugen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Isaac_W._Van_Schaick" title="Isaac W. Van Schaick">I. Van Schaick</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barwig" title="Charles Barwig">C. Barwig</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_H._Brickner" title="George H. Brickner">G. Brickner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Myron_H._McCord" title="Myron H. McCord">M. McCord</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/59th_United_States_Congress" title="59th United States Congress">59th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner">J. Spooner</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Babcock" title="Joseph W. Babcock">J. Babcock</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Jenkins" title="John J. Jenkins">J. Jenkins</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Minor" title="Edward S. Minor">E. Minor</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Theobald_Otjen" title="Theobald Otjen">T. Otjen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_H._Davidson" title="James H. Davidson">J. Davidson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Esch" title="John J. Esch">J. Esch</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Webster_E._Brown" title="Webster E. Brown">W. Brown</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cullen_Adams" title="Henry Cullen Adams"><i>H. Adams</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_H._Stafford" title="William H. Stafford">W. Stafford</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Weisse" title="Charles H. Weisse">C. Weisse</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson"><i>J. Nelson</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/60th_United_States_Congress" title="60th United States Congress">60th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Coit_Spooner" title="John Coit Spooner"><i>J. Spooner</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson"><i>I. Stephenson</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Jenkins" title="John J. Jenkins">J. Jenkins</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_H._Davidson" title="James H. Davidson">J. Davidson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Esch" title="John J. Esch">J. Esch</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_H._Stafford" title="William H. Stafford">W. Stafford</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Weisse" title="Charles H. Weisse">C. Weisse</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Cary" title="William J. Cary">W. Cary</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_William_Murphy" title="James William Murphy">J. Murphy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gustav_K%C3%BCstermann" title="Gustav Küstermann">G. Küstermann</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elmer_A._Morse" title="Elmer A. Morse">E. Morse</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/61st_United_States_Congress" title="61st United States Congress">61st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">I. Stephenson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_H._Davidson" title="James H. Davidson">J. Davidson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Esch" title="John J. Esch">J. Esch</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_H._Stafford" title="William H. Stafford">W. Stafford</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Weisse" title="Charles H. Weisse">C. Weisse</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Cary" title="William J. Cary">W. Cary</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gustav_K%C3%BCstermann" title="Gustav Küstermann">G. Küstermann</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elmer_A._Morse" title="Elmer A. Morse">E. Morse</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Kopp" title="Arthur W. Kopp">A. Kopp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">I. Lenroot</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/62nd_United_States_Congress" title="62nd United States Congress">62nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">I. Stephenson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_H._Davidson" title="James H. Davidson">J. Davidson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Esch" title="John J. Esch">J. Esch</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Cary" title="William J. Cary">W. Cary</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elmer_A._Morse" title="Elmer A. Morse">E. Morse</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Kopp" title="Arthur W. Kopp">A. Kopp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">I. Lenroot</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#CD3700;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">V. Berger</a> (S)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Burke" title="Michael E. Burke">M. Burke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Konop" title="Thomas F. Konop">T. Konop</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/63rd_United_States_Congress" title="63rd United States Congress">63rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stephenson" title="Isaac Stephenson">I. Stephenson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Esch" title="John J. Esch">J. Esch</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_H._Stafford" title="William H. Stafford">W. Stafford</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Cary" title="William J. Cary">W. Cary</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">I. Lenroot</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Burke" title="Michael E. Burke">M. Burke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Konop" title="Thomas F. Konop">T. Konop</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Browne" title="Edward E. Browne">E. Browne</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Frear" title="James A. Frear">J. Frear</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_Reilly_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Michael Reilly (Wisconsin politician)">M. Reilly</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/64th_United_States_Congress" title="64th United States Congress">64th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_O._Husting" title="Paul O. Husting">P. Husting</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Esch" title="John J. Esch">J. Esch</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_H._Stafford" title="William H. Stafford">W. Stafford</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Cary" title="William J. Cary">W. Cary</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">I. Lenroot</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Burke" title="Michael E. Burke">M. Burke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Konop" title="Thomas F. Konop">T. Konop</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Browne" title="Edward E. Browne">E. Browne</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Frear" title="James A. Frear">J. Frear</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_Reilly_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Michael Reilly (Wisconsin politician)">M. Reilly</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/65th_United_States_Congress" title="65th United States Congress">65th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_O._Husting" title="Paul O. Husting"><i>P. Husting</i></a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot"><i>I. Lenroot</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Esch" title="John J. Esch">J. Esch</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_H._Davidson" title="James H. Davidson"><i>J. Davidson</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_H._Stafford" title="William H. Stafford">W. Stafford</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Cary" title="William J. Cary">W. Cary</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot"><i>I. Lenroot</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Browne" title="Edward E. Browne">E. Browne</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Frear" title="James A. Frear">J. Frear</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_G._Classon" title="David G. Classon">D. Classon</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Voigt" title="Edward Voigt">E. Voigt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Florian_Lampert" title="Florian Lampert"><i>F. Lampert</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Peter_Nelson" title="Adolphus Peter Nelson"><i>A. Nelson</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/66th_United_States_Congress" title="66th United States Congress">66th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">I. Lenroot</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Esch" title="John J. Esch">J. Esch</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Browne" title="Edward E. Browne">E. Browne</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Frear" title="James A. Frear">J. Frear</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_G._Classon" title="David G. Classon">D. Classon</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Voigt" title="Edward Voigt">E. Voigt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Florian_Lampert" title="Florian Lampert">F. Lampert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Peter_Nelson" title="Adolphus Peter Nelson">A. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#CD3700;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">V. Berger</a> (S)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_C._Kleczka" title="John C. Kleczka">J. Kleczka</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_G._Monahan" title="James G. Monahan">J. Monahan</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clifford_E._Randall" title="Clifford E. Randall">C. Randall</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/67th_United_States_Congress" title="67th United States Congress">67th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">I. Lenroot</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_H._Stafford" title="William H. Stafford">W. Stafford</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Browne" title="Edward E. Browne">E. Browne</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Frear" title="James A. Frear">J. Frear</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_G._Classon" title="David G. Classon">D. Classon</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Voigt" title="Edward Voigt">E. Voigt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Florian_Lampert" title="Florian Lampert">F. Lampert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Peter_Nelson" title="Adolphus Peter Nelson">A. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_C._Kleczka" title="John C. Kleczka">J. Kleczka</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Beck" title="Joseph D. Beck">J. Beck</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/68th_United_States_Congress" title="68th United States Congress">68th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. La Follette Sr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">I. Lenroot</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Browne" title="Edward E. Browne">E. Browne</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Frear" title="James A. Frear">J. Frear</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Voigt" title="Edward Voigt">E. Voigt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Florian_Lampert" title="Florian Lampert">F. Lampert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#CD3700;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">V. Berger</a> (S)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Beck" title="Joseph D. Beck">J. Beck</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Peavey" title="Hubert H. Peavey">H. Peavey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_C._Schafer" title="John C. Schafer">J. Schafer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_J._Schneider" title="George J. Schneider">G. Schneider</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/69th_United_States_Congress" title="69th United States Congress">69th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>R. La Follette Sr.</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">I. Lenroot</a> (R)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette_Jr." title="Robert M. La Follette Jr."><i>R. La Follette Jr.</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States representatives from Wisconsin">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">H. Cooper</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Nelson" title="John M. Nelson">J. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Browne" title="Edward E. Browne">E. Browne</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_A._Frear" title="James A. Frear">J. Frear</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Voigt" title="Edward Voigt">E. Voigt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Florian_Lampert" title="Florian Lampert">F. Lampert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#CD3700;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">V. Berger</a> (S)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Beck" title="Joseph D. Beck">J. Beck</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Peavey" title="Hubert H. Peavey">H. Peavey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_C._Schafer" title="John C. Schafer">J. Schafer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_J._Schneider" title="George J. Schneider">G. Schneider</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878682#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119102773">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50041743">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119617279">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119617279">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36398168">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070634289">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90377386">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810567579905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274122005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14384405">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06162377?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rs2nnq">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qn6mz5">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&oldid=1259375616">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_M._La_Follette&oldid=1259375616</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Robert_M._La_Follette" 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