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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy_and_Western_Sahara_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy_and_Western_Sahara_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Foreign policy and Western Sahara conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy_and_Western_Sahara_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Green_March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Green March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hassan_II_Mosque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hassan_II_Mosque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hassan II Mosque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hassan_II_Mosque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hassan II of Morocco</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="الحسن الثاني بن محمد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحسن الثاني بن محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4)" title="ایکینجی حسن (مراکش) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی حسن (مراکش)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II." title="Hasan II. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hasan II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II,_brenin_Moroco" title="Hassan II, brenin Moroco – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hassan II, brenin Moroco" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_2._af_Marokko" title="Hassan 2. af Marokko – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hassan 2. af Marokko" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="لحسن التاني – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحسن التاني" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II." title="Hassan II. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hassan II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="Hassan II of Morocco – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hassan II of Morocco" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Has%C3%A1n_II_de_Marruecos" title="Hasán II de Marruecos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hasán II de Marruecos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasano_la_2-a_(Maroko)" title="Hasano la 2-a (Maroko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hasano la 2-a (Maroko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II.a_Marokokoa" title="Hassan II.a Marokokoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hassan II.a Marokokoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="حسن دوم، پادشاه مراکش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حسن دوم، پادشاه مراکش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II_de_Marrocos" title="Hasan II de Marrocos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hasan II de Marrocos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%82%B0_2%EC%84%B8" title="하산 2세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하산 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6_II" title="Հասան II – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հասան II" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II." title="Hasan II. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hasan II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_la_2ma_di_Maroko" title="Hassan la 2ma di Maroko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hassan la 2ma di Maroko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_dari_Maroko" title="Hassan II dari Maroko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hassan II dari Maroko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II_del_Marocco" title="Hasan II del Marocco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hasan II del Marocco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95" title="חסן השני, מלך מרוקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חסן השני, מלך מרוקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_II" title="ჰასან II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰასან II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasanus_II" title="Hasanus II – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hasanus II" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Haszan_marokk%C3%B3i_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Haszan marokkói király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Haszan marokkói király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A6assan_II" title="Ħassan II – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ħassan II" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="मोरोक्कोचा दुसरा हसन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोरोक्कोचा दुसरा हसन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="الحسن الثانى بن محمد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحسن الثانى بن محمد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="حسن دوم مراکش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="حسن دوم مراکش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_dari_Maghribi" title="Hassan II dari Maghribi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hassan II dari Maghribi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_van_Marokko" title="Hassan II van Marokko – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hassan II van Marokko" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B32%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%B3%E7%8E%8B)" title="ハサン2世 (モロッコ王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハサン2世 (モロッコ王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_av_Marokko" title="Hassan II av Marokko – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hassan II av Marokko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II_(Alawici)" title="Hasan II (Alawici) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hasan II (Alawici)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_de_Marrocos" title="Hassan II de Marrocos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hassan II de Marrocos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_o_Morocco" title="Hassan II o Morocco – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hassan II o Morocco" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasani_II" title="Hasani II – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hasani II" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хасан II од Марока – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хасан II од Марока" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II_od_Maroka" title="Hasan II od Maroka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hasan II od Maroka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4asan_Wis_Sin" title="Ḥasan Wis Sin – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ḥasan Wis Sin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4asan_wis_2" title="Ḥasan wis 2 – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ḥasan wis 2" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีฮะซันที่ 2 แห่งโมร็อกโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีฮะซันที่ 2 แห่งโมร็อกโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Hasan" title="II. Hasan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Hasan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="حسن ثانی المغربی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حسن ثانی المغربی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Maroc" title="Hassan II của Maroc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hassan II của Maroc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_do_Marok" title="Hassan II do Marok – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Hassan II do Marok" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%EF%BC%89" title="哈桑二世（摩洛哥） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈桑二世（摩洛哥）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="哈桑二世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈桑二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99s%C9%99n_II" title="Həsən II – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Həsən II" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q69103#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; font-size: 125%">Hassan II<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6670383">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الحسن الثاني</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hassan_II_(1983).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg/220px-Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg/330px-Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg/440px-Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="911" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Hassan II in 1981</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Morocco">King of Morocco</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">26 February 1961 – <span class="nowrap">23 July 1999</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="List of heads of government of Morocco">Prime Ministers</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div><i>See list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Bahnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Bahnini (not yet started)">Ahmed Bahnini</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Benhima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohamed Benhima (not yet started)">Mohamed Benhima</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Laraki" title="Ahmed Laraki">Ahmed Laraki</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Karim_Lamrani" title="Mohammed Karim Lamrani">Mohammed Karim Lamrani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Osman_(politician)" title="Ahmed Osman (politician)">Ahmed Osman</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maati_Bouabid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maati Bouabid (not yet started)">Maati Bouabid</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azzeddine_Laraki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azzeddine Laraki (not yet started)">Azzeddine Laraki</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdellatif_Filali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdellatif Filali (not yet started)">Abdellatif Filali</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Abderrahmane_Youssoufi" title="Abderrahmane Youssoufi">Abderrahmane Youssoufi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-07-09</span>)</span>9 July 1929<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dar_al-Makhzen_(Rabat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dar al-Makhzen (Rabat) (not yet started)">Dar al-Makhzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Protectorate_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Protectorate of Morocco (not yet started)">French Protectorate of Morocco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 July 1999<span style="display:none">(1999-07-23)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabat-Sal%C3%A9-Zemmour-Zaer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer (not yet started)">Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lalla_Latifa_Hammou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lalla Latifa Hammou (not yet started)">Lalla Latifa Hammou</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Issue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Lalla_Meryem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princess Lalla Meryem (not yet started)">Princess Lalla Meryem</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Mohammed_VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Mohammed VI (not yet started)">King Mohammed VI</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Lalla_Asma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princess Lalla Asma (not yet started)">Princess Lalla Asma</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Lalla_Hasna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princess Lalla Hasna (not yet started)">Princess Lalla Hasna</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Moulay_Rachid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Moulay Rachid (not yet started)">Prince Moulay Rachid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Mohammed_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Mohammed V (not yet started)">King Mohammed V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lalla_Abla_bint_Tahar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lalla Abla bint Tahar (not yet started)">Lalla Abla bint Tahar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>King Hassan II</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: الحسن الثاني, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Standard Arabic">MSA</a>: (a)l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, <a href="/wiki/Darija" class="mw-redirect" title="Darija">Darija</a>: el-ḥasan ett(s)âni); was born on 19 juli, 1929, in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. He was part of <a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" title="'Alawi dynasty">The Alaouite dynasty</a>. <b>Hassan II</b> became the <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">king</a> of Morocco in 1961 and ruled until his death in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">King Mohammed V</a>, Sultan, then King of Morocco (1909-1961), and <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a> second wife, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lalla_Abla_bint_Tahar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lalla Abla bint Tahar (not yet started)">Lalla Abla bint Tahar</a> (1909-1992). <b>King Hassan II</b> played an important rol in shaping modern Morocco and was known for his diplomatic efforts in regional and international affairs. </p><p><b>King Hassan II</b> died of <a href="/wiki/Natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural causes">natural causes</a> in Rabat on 23 July 1999, at the age of 70.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Early life and education" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Early life and education"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>King Hassan II</b> received his early education at <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Royal_Palace_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Royal Palace School (not yet started)">The Royal Palace School</a> in Rabat. This education was deeply rooted in both traditional Islamic teachings and modern subjects, reflecting both influences that would later characterize his reign. </p><p>After completing his primary education. <b>King Hassan II</b> attended <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Imperial_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Imperial College (not yet started)">the Imperial College</a> in Rabat.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, he excelled in various subjects, particularly in the humanities and social sciences. </p><p>In 1974, <b>King Hassan II</b> continued his education at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bordeaux_1" title="University of Bordeaux 1">the University of Bordeaux</a> in France, where he earned his master's degree in public law.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His time in France exposed him to European political ideas and legal systems, which would later influence his approach to governance in Morocco. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign_and_policies">Reign and policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Reign and policies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Reign and policies"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When King <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a> suddenly died on February 26 1961, <b>King Hassan II</b> became king at the age of 32.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>King Hassan II</b>'s reign was marked by both traditional and modern policies. He was known for his strong, authoritarian leadership and was seen as both the Father of the Nation and the Commander of Believers. His reign was a mix of traditional Moroccan practices and Western influences.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues_and_controversies">Social issues and controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Social issues and controversies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Social issues and controversies"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <b>King Hassan II</b>'s reign, Morocco faced many social issues and controversies, including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1981_Moroccan_riots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1981 Moroccan riots (not yet started)">1981 and 1984 bread riots</a> as well as involvement in political disappearances. These events marked a challenging period in the country's history. </p><p><b>King Hassan II</b> worked on modernizing Morocco's economy and infrastructure, attracting foreign investment, and introducing limited political reforms. While some individuals praised him for his modernization efforts, others criticized his authoritarian rule. His legacy is remembered as complex, with both positive and negative aspects influencing Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy_and_Western_Sahara_conflict">Foreign policy and Western Sahara conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Foreign policy and Western Sahara conflict" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Foreign policy and Western Sahara conflict"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A major challenge during <b>King Hassan II</b>'s reign was the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> conflict, where Morocco and the <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> clashed over control of the region. The former ruler defended Morocco's claim and tried to find diplomatic solutions to the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UPIMassira2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/UPIMassira2.png/313px-UPIMassira2.png" decoding="async" width="313" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/UPIMassira2.png/470px-UPIMassira2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/UPIMassira2.png/626px-UPIMassira2.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>The Green March in 1975</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Green_March">Green March</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Green March" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Green March"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Green_March" title="Green March">Green March</a> was a significant event led by <b>King Hassan II</b> of Morocco in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It involved thousands of Moroccans crossing into Western Sahara to claim the territory from Spanish control. Later, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> organized a referendum in the Sahara in 1988, and Morocco reinstated diplomatic relations with <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> in the same year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_achievements">Political achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Political achievements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Political achievements"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>King Hassan II</b> implemented economic policies to stimulate growth and development in Morocco. He started infrastructure projects and encouraged foreign investment. Despite being criticized for his authoritarianism, he introduced multiparty elections to promote political diversity. </p><p><b>King Hassan II</b> also declared <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as the state religion and brought the traditional clothing and cultural practices back.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Legacy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Legacy"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>King Hassan II</b> died on July 23, 1999, and was succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">King Mohammed VI</a>. During his reign, he dissolved the parliament and ruled the country alone.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His leadership left a significant impact on Morocco's development. People remember him for both his effort to modernize the country and his authoritarian rule. </p><p><b>King Hassan II</b> was also known for his ability to balance traditional values with the need for modernization. He played a key role in the Arab world and was involved in various peace efforts, including attempts to mediate conflicts in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle-East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his rule, Morocco became more important internationally, especially by building stronger relationships with Western countries and being active in the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>. Despite the controversies and challenges, his contributions to Morocco's stability and development are notable parts of his legacy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hassan_II_Mosque">Hassan II Mosque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Hassan II Mosque" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Hassan II Mosque"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another important and famous legacy that the <b>King Hassan II</b> left behind is <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hassan_II_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hassan II Mosque (not yet started)">The Hassan II Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, Morocco. It is an important landmark with a rich history. The idea for the mosque began after the death of <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">King Mohammmed V</a> in 1961. <b>King Hassan II</b> wanted to honor his father with a <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> that reflected the deep respect that the people had for him.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, during his birthday celebrations, <b>King Hassan II</b> expressed his vision for a grant <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monument</a> in Casablanca. He said:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"I wish Casablanca to be endowed with a large, fine building of which it can be proud of until the end of time... I want to build this mosque on the water, because God's throne is on the water. Therefore, the faithful who go there to pray, to praise the creator on firm soil, can contemplate God's sky and ocean." </p><p>The mosque, completed in 1993, is the second largest functioning mosque in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and the 14th largest in the world. This mosque is designed by the French artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Pinseau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Pinseau (not yet started)">Michel Pinseau</a> and constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a> group <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bouygues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bouygues (not yet started)">Bouygues</a>. The mosque was built by Moroccan <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">artisans</a> from across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Family" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Family"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg/265px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg/398px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg/530px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>King Hassan II and his father Mohammed V</figcaption></figure> <p><b>King Hassan II</b>'s mother was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lalla_Abla_bint_Tahar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lalla Abla bint Tahar (not yet started)">Lalla Abla bint Tahar</a> (1909-1992), and his father was <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">King Mohammed V</a> (1909-1961). He had five sisters and one brother: </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lalla_Fatima_Zohra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lalla Fatima Zohra (not yet started)">Lalla Fatima Zahra</a> (1929-2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Lalla_Aicha_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princess Lalla Aicha of Morocco (not yet started)">Lalla Aicha</a> (1930-2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Lalla_Malika_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princess Lalla Malika of Morocco (not yet started)">Lalla Malika</a> (1933-2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Moulay_Abdallah_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco (not yet started)">Moulay Abdallah</a> (1935-1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Lalla_Amina_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princess Lalla Amina of Morocco (not yet started)">Lalla Amina</a> (1954-2012)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children">Children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Children" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Children"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>King Hassan II</b> married Lalla Latifa Hammou in 1961, and they had five children: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Meryem_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco">Princess Lalla Meryem</a> (born in 1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">King Mohammed VI</a> (born in 1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Lalla_Asma_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princess Lalla Asma of Morocco (not yet started)">Princess Lalla Asma</a> (born in 1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Lalla_Hasna_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princess Lalla Hasna of Morocco (not yet started)">Princess Lalla Hasna</a> (born in 1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Moulay_Rachid_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco (not yet started)">Prince Moulay Rachid</a> (born in 1970)</li></ol> <p><b>King Hassan II</b> also had a second wife, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lalla_Fatima_bint_Qaid_Amhourok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok (not yet started)">Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok</a>, whom he also married in 1961, but they had no children.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kings_of_Morocco" title="List of Kings of Morocco">List of Kings of Morocco</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hassan-II">"Hassan II | King of Morocco & 20th Century Reformer | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Hassan+II+%7C+King+of+Morocco+%26+20th+Century+Reformer+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHassan-II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGregory1999" class="citation news cs1">Gregory, Joseph R. (1999-07-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/24/world/hassan-ii-of-morocco-dies-at-70-a-monarch-oriented-to-the-west.html">"Hassan II of Morocco Dies at 70; A Monarch Oriented to the West"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hassan+II+of+Morocco+Dies+at+70%3B+A+Monarch+Oriented+to+the+West&rft.date=1999-07-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Joseph+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F07%2F24%2Fworld%2Fhassan-ii-of-morocco-dies-at-70-a-monarch-oriented-to-the-west.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/28547610">"La mémoire d'un roi : entretiens avec Eric Laurent | WorldCat.org"</a>. <i>search.worldcat.org</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.worldcat.org&rft.atitle=La+m%C3%A9moire+d%27un+roi+%3A+entretiens+avec+Eric+Laurent+%7C+WorldCat.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F28547610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNyrop1972" class="citation book cs1">Nyrop, Richard F. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ma57JxwfGV0C&dq=Lalla+Aisha+studies+university&pg=PA165"><i>Area Handbook for Morocco</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Area+Handbook+for+Morocco&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Nyrop&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMa57JxwfGV0C%26dq%3DLalla%2BAisha%2Bstudies%2Buniversity%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2">5.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3">5.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14123260">"Morocco profile - Timeline"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2011-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Morocco+profile+-+Timeline&rft.date=2011-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-14123260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJones2018" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, Christa (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/reseafrilite.49.3.05">"The Absolutist Monarch in Taïa's Le Jour du Roi and Laroui's "Tu n'as rien compris à Hassan II": Probing the Limitations of Reader Reception Theory"</a>. <i>Research in African Literatures</i>. <b>49</b> (3): 58–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Freseafrilite.49.3.05">10.2979/reseafrilite.49.3.05</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-5210">0034-5210</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/reseafrilite.49.3.05">10.2979/reseafrilite.49.3.05</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+African+Literatures&rft.atitle=The+Absolutist+Monarch+in+Ta%C3%AFa%27s+Le+Jour+du+Roi+and+Laroui%27s+%22Tu+n%27as+rien+compris+%C3%A0+Hassan+II%22%3A+Probing+the+Limitations+of+Reader+Reception+Theory&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=58-82&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=0034-5210&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Freseafrilite.49.3.05%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Freseafrilite.49.3.05&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Christa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Freseafrilite.49.3.05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner1979" class="citation journal cs1">Weiner, Jerome B. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4325817">"The Green March in Historical Perspective"</a>. <i>Middle East Journal</i>. <b>33</b> (1): 20–33. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3141">0026-3141</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4325817">4325817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Green+March+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=20-33&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4325817%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0026-3141&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Jerome+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4325817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hassan-II">"Hassan II | King of Morocco & 20th Century Reformer | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Hassan+II+%7C+King+of+Morocco+%26+20th+Century+Reformer+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHassan-II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFElleh2002" class="citation book cs1">Elleh, Nnamdi (2002-12-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aKoKHmuexywC&q=Hassan+II+Mosque&pg=PA114"><i>Architecture and Power in Africa</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97679-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97679-8"><bdi>978-0-275-97679-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+and+Power+in+Africa&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2002-12-30&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97679-8&rft.aulast=Elleh&rft.aufirst=Nnamdi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaKoKHmuexywC%26q%3DHassan%2BII%2BMosque%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005052807/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/morocco/casablanca-hassan-ii-mosque">"Hassan II Mosque - Casablanca, Morocco"</a>. 2012-10-05. Archived from the original on 2012-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hassan+II+Mosque+-+Casablanca%2C+Morocco&rft.date=2012-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-destinations.com%2Fmorocco%2Fcasablanca-hassan-ii-mosque&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLehmannHenssBaedeker2012" class="citation book cs1">Lehmann, Ingeborg; Henss, Rita; Baedeker (2012-03-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CX7zx5C1bf4C&q=Hassan+II+Mosque&pg=PA199"><i>Morocco Baedeker Guide</i></a>. Marco Polo Travel Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8297-6623-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8297-6623-4"><bdi>978-3-8297-6623-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morocco+Baedeker+Guide&rft.pub=Marco+Polo+Travel+Publishing&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.isbn=978-3-8297-6623-4&rft.aulast=Lehmann&rft.aufirst=Ingeborg&rft.au=Henss%2C+Rita&rft.au=Baedeker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCX7zx5C1bf4C%26q%3DHassan%2BII%2BMosque%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalark.net/Morocco/morocco3.htm">"MOROCCO3"</a>. <i>www.royalark.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.royalark.net&rft.atitle=MOROCCO3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalark.net%2FMorocco%2Fmorocco3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about a <a href="/wiki/Category:People_stubs" title="Category:People stubs">person</a> or group of people can be made longer. 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