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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 16th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 17th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 18th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 American Revolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confederation_period_and_1790s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confederation_period_and_1790s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Confederation period and 1790s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confederation_period_and_1790s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_and_20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_and_20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 19th and 20th centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_and_20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-September_11_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_11_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 September 11 attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_11_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hurricane_Sandy_(2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hurricane_Sandy_(2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 Hurricane Sandy (2012) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hurricane_Sandy_(2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic_(2020–2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic_(2020–2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.3 COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic_(2020–2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Borders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Borders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drainage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drainage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Drainage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drainage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 State parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_parks,_monuments,_and_historic_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_parks,_monuments,_and_historic_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 National parks, monuments, and historic landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_parks,_monuments,_and_historic_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cities_and_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1 Cities and towns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Sexual orientation and gender identity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stonewall_riots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stonewall_riots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Stonewall riots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stonewall_riots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wall_Street" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wall_Street"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Wall Street </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wall_Street-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 High technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Silicon_Alley_eastward_throughout_Long_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silicon_Alley_eastward_throughout_Long_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Silicon Alley eastward throughout Long Island </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silicon_Alley_eastward_throughout_Long_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tech_Valley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tech_Valley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Tech Valley </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tech_Valley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Media and entertainment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Exports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads_and_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Roads and highways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Public transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capital_punishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_punishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Capital punishment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_punishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Federal representation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">New York (state)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 211 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-211" aria-hidden="true" > 211 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(deelstaat)" title="New York (deelstaat) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="New York (deelstaat)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Bundesstaat)" title="New York (Bundesstaat) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="New York (Bundesstaat)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ኒው ዮርክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒው ዮርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(u%C3%A1sistaat%C3%A2)" title="New York (uásistaatâ) – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="New York (uásistaatâ)" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="न्यू यॉर्क – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="न्यू यॉर्क" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABwe_Eoforw%C4%ABc" title="Nīwe Eoforwīc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nīwe Eoforwīc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83_(%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="نيويورك (ولاية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيويورك (ولاية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York_(estau)" title="Nueva York (estau) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nueva York (estau)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98_%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9_(%DC%90%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%95%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A1%DC%9A%DC%9D%DC%95%DC%90)" title="ܢܝܘ ܝܘܪܩ (ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܝܘ ܝܘܪܩ (ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A8la_York_(%C3%88tat)" title="Novèla York (Ètat) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Novèla York (Ètat)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York_(est%C3%A1u)" title="Nueva York (estáu) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nueva York (estáu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(tet%C3%A3vore)" title="New York (tetãvore) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="New York (tetãvore)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_suyu" title="New York suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="New York suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York_%C5%9Ftat%C4%B1" title="Nyu-York ştatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyu-York ştatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA)" title="نیویورک (ایالت) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیویورک (ایالت)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF)" title="নিউ ইয়র্ক (অঙ্গরাজ্য) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউ ইয়র্ক (অঙ্গরাজ্য)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Ёрк (штат) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нью-Ёрк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Ёрк (штат) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нью-Ёрк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF)" title="न्यू यॉर्क (राज्य) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="न्यू यॉर्क (राज्य)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York_(estado)" title="Nueva York (estado) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nueva York (estado)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_York_(stet)" title="Niu York (stet) – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Niu York (stet)" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Ню Йорк (щат) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ню Йорк (щат)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Bundesstoot)" title="New York (Bundesstoot) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="New York (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(savezna_dr%C5%BEava)" title="New York (savezna država) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="New York (savezna država)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Stad)" title="New York (Stad) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="New York (Stad)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Нью-Йорк (можо улас) – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нью-Йорк (можо улас)" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_de_Nova_York" title="Estat de Nova York – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat de Nova York" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(estado)" title="New York (estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="New York (estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(st%C3%A1t)" title="New York (stát) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="New York (stát)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York" title="Nueva York – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(statu)" title="New York (statu) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="New York (statu)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efrog_Newydd_(talaith)" title="Efrog Newydd (talaith) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Efrog Newydd (talaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New York (delstat)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83_(%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="نيويورك (ولاية) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيويورك (ولاية)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(oassest%C3%A1hta)" title="New York (oassestáhta) – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="New York (oassestáhta)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei_Yarrick_(Schtaat)" title="Nei Yarrick (Schtaat) – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Nei Yarrick (Schtaat)" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Bundesstaat)" title="New York (Bundesstaat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="New York (Bundesstaat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin_Y%C3%B3t%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1h_Deez%CA%BC%C3%A1_Hahoodzo" title="Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼá Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼá Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorgi_osariik" title="New Yorgi osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="New Yorgi osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%A5%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B7_(%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Νέα Υόρκη (πολιτεία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέα Υόρκη (πολιτεία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stat)" title="New York (stat) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="New York (stat)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York_(estado)" title="Nueva York (estado) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva York (estado)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-Jorkio" title="Nov-Jorkio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nov-Jorkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(estatua)" title="New York (estatua) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="New York (estatua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA)" title="نیویورک (ایالت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیویورک (ایالت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_New_York" title="État de New York – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État de New York" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(steat)" title="New York (steat) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="New York (steat)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nua-Eabhrac_(st%C3%A1t)" title="Nua-Eabhrac (stát) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nua-Eabhrac (stát)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Noa_(steat)" title="York Noa (steat) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="York Noa (steat)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York" title="Nyu-York – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Nyu-York" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eabhraig_Nuadh_(st%C3%A0it)" title="Eabhraig Nuadh (stàit) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eabhraig Nuadh (stàit)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_Nova_York" title="Estado de Nova York – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado de Nova York" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%82_%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95_(%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF)" title="ન્યૂ યૉર્ક (રાજ્ય) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ન્યૂ યૉર્ક (રાજ્ય)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF_%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA" title="𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌹𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌹𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴욕주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴욕주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(jiha)" title="New York (jiha) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="New York (jiha)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuioka" title="Nuioka – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Nuioka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Նյու Յորք (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյու Յորք (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="न्यूयॉर्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यूयॉर्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stat)" title="New York (stat) – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="New York (stat)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(savezna_dr%C5%BEava)" title="New York (savezna država) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="New York (savezna država)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova-York" title="Nova-York – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nova-York" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BA_Y%E1%BB%8Dk" title="Nú Yọk – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nú Yọk" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="নিউ ইয়র্ক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নিউ ইয়র্ক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(negara_bagian)" title="New York (negara bagian) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="New York (negara bagian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stato)" title="New York (stato) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="New York (stato)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="New York (state)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%82%E1%90%85_%E1%90%83%E1%90%85%E1%95%90%E1%92%83" title="ᓂᐅ ᐃᐅᕐᒃ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓂᐅ ᐃᐅᕐᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutaaq_Yurkaq" title="Nutaaq Yurkaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nutaaq Yurkaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/INyuyokhu" title="INyuyokhu – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="INyuyokhu" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Isifunda" title="New York Isifunda – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="New York Isifunda" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York-fylki" title="New York-fylki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="New York-fylki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stato)" title="New York (stato) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="New York (stato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="ניו יורק (מדינה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניו יורק (מדינה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(praja)" title="New York (praja) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="New York (praja)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwu_Y%C9%94rk%C9%A9_(T%C9%9Bt%CA%8B_cikpetu)" title="Niwu Yɔrkɩ (Tɛtʋ cikpetu) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Niwu Yɔrkɩ (Tɛtʋ cikpetu)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ನ್ಯೂ ಯಾರ್ಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನ್ಯೂ ಯಾರ್ಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ნიუ-იორკის შტატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუ-იორკის შტატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowi_Jork_(st%C3%B3n)" title="Nowi Jork (stón) – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Nowi Jork (stón)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_Evrek_Nowydh" title="Stat Evrek Nowydh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Stat Evrek Nowydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(jimbo)" title="New York (jimbo) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="New York (jimbo)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nou_Y%C3%B2k_(eta)" title="Nou Yòk (eta) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nou Yòk (eta)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stat)" title="New York (stat) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="New York (stat)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueva_York_(estado)" title="Mueva York (estado) – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Mueva York (estado)" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ລັດນິວຢອກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດນິວຢອກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novum_Eboracum" title="Novum Eboracum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Novum Eboracum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%85ujorka_(%C5%A1tats)" title="Ņujorka (štats) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ņujorka (štats)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Bundesstaat)" title="New York (Bundesstaat) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="New York (Bundesstaat)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niujorkas_(valstija)" title="Niujorkas (valstija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niujorkas (valstija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AAuvo_York_(stato)" title="Nêuvo York (stato) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Nêuvo York (stato)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(staot)" title="New York (staot) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="New York (staot)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/niu,IORK" title="niu,IORK – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="niu,IORK" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stat_federal)" title="New York (stat federal) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="New York (stat federal)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(%C3%A1llam)" title="New York (állam) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="New York (állam)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="न्यू योर्क – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="न्यू योर्क" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Њујорк (сојузна држава) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Њујорк (сојузна држава)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ന്യൂയോർക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂയോർക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istat_ta%27_New_York" title="Istat ta' New York – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Istat ta' New York" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Ioka_(w%C4%81hanga)" title="Niu Ioka (wāhanga) – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Niu Ioka (wāhanga)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF)" title="न्यू यॉर्क (राज्य) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यू यॉर्क (राज्य)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ნიუ-იორკიშ შტატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიუ-იორკიშ შტატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83_(%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87)" title="نيو يورك (ولايه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيو يورك (ولايه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="نیویورک ایالت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیویورک ایالت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%9B_(%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2)" title="ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ (ꯂꯝꯈꯥꯢ) – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ (ꯂꯝꯈꯥꯢ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%AB-i%C3%B3k-ci%C5%AD" title="Niū-iók-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Niū-iók-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81)" title="Нью-Йорк (муж улс) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нью-Йорк (муж улс)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="နယူးယောက်ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူးယောက်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Yoka" title="Niu Yoka – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Niu Yoka" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(staat)" title="New York (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New York (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyjork_(st%C3%A5t)" title="Nyjork (ståt) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nyjork (ståt)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF)" title="न्यूयोर्क (राज्य) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्यूयोर्क (राज्य)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="न्यु यर्क राज्य – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न्यु यर्क राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="ニューヨーク州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューヨーク州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New York (delstat)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delstaten_New_York" title="Delstaten New York – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Delstaten New York" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2va_York_(estat)" title="Nòva York (estat) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòva York (estat)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%89_%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95" title="ନିଉ ୟର୍କ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନିଉ ୟର୍କ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York_(shtat)" title="Nyu-York (shtat) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nyu-York (shtat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C)" title="ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ (ਰਾਜ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ (ਰਾਜ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="न्हु यर्क – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="न्हु यर्क" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Bundesstaat)" title="New York (Bundesstaat) – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="New York (Bundesstaat)" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نیو یارک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیو یارک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نيويارک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نيويارک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuu_Yaak_(stiet)" title="Nyuu Yaak (stiet) – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nyuu Yaak (stiet)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%80" title="ញូវយ៉ក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ញូវយ៉ក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(%C3%A9tot)" title="New York (étot) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="New York (étot)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stat_federal)" title="New York (stat federal) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="New York (stat federal)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Bundsstaat)" title="New York (Bundsstaat) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="New York (Bundsstaat)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Jork_(stan)" title="Nowy Jork (stan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowy Jork (stan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Iorque_(estado)" title="Nova Iorque (estado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Iorque (estado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York_(shtat)" title="Nyu-York (shtat) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nyu-York (shtat)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu_York_(%C5%9Ftat)" title="Nyu York (ştat) – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nyu York (ştat)" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stat)" title="New York (stat) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="New York (stat)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stadi)" title="New York (stadi) – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="New York (stadi)" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_suyu" title="New York suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="New York suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Ню Йорк (штат) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ню Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Нью Йорк, штат – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нью Йорк, штат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Ioka_(Sitete)" title="Niu Ioka (Sitete) – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Niu Ioka (Sitete)" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="न्यू यार्क् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="न्यू यार्क्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa_York_(istadu)" title="Noa York (istadu) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Noa York (istadu)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Buundesstoat)" title="New York (Buundesstoat) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="New York (Buundesstoat)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nju_Jork" title="Nju Jork – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nju Jork" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(statu)" title="New York (statu) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="New York (statu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="නිව්යෝර්ක් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නිව්යෝර්ක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New York (state)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AA" title="نيو يارڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيو يارڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t_USA)" title="New York (štát USA) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="New York (štát USA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(zvezna_dr%C5%BEava)" title="New York (zvezna država) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="New York (zvezna država)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Jork_(sztat)" title="Nowy Jork (sztat) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Nowy Jork (sztat)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA)" title="نیویۆرک (ویلایەت) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیویۆرک (ویلایەت)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Њујорк (држава) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њујорк (држава)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(savezna_dr%C5%BEava)" title="New York (savezna država) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="New York (savezna država)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(nagara_bag%C3%A9an)" title="New York (nagara bagéan) – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="New York (nagara bagéan)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(osavaltio)" title="New York (osavaltio) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="New York (osavaltio)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New York (delstat)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82_%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நியூ யோர்க் மாநிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூ யோர்க் மாநிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(Awanak)" title="New York (Awanak) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="New York (Awanak)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="న్యూయార్క్ రాష్ట్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="న్యూయార్క్ రాష్ట్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="รัฐนิวยอร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐนิวยอร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Ню-Йорк (иёлат) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ню-Йорк (иёлат)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%84%E1%8F%AF%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏄᏯᎩ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏄᏯᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(eyalet)" title="New York (eyalet) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="New York (eyalet)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDu-%C3%9Dork_%C5%9Ftaty" title="Nýu-Ýork ştaty – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Nýu-Ýork ştaty" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нью-Йорк (штат)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نیو یارک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیو یارک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuyork_Shitati" title="Nyuyork Shitati – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Nyuyork Shitati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niujyoz_(couh)" title="Niujyoz (couh) – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Niujyoz (couh)" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stato)" title="New York (stato) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="New York (stato)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(ti%E1%BB%83u_bang)" title="New York (tiểu bang) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="New York (tiểu bang)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(tat)" title="New York (tat) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="New York (tat)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B7%9E" title="紐約州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="紐約州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stoat)" title="New York (stoat) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="New York (stoat)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(estado)" title="New York (estado) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="New York (estado)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纽约州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="ניו יארק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניו יארק" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_York_(state)&params=43_N_76_W_dim:300000_region:US-NY_type:adm1st&title=State+of+New+York">43°N 76°W / 43°N 76°W / 43; -76 (State of New York)</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info">This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">old revision</a> of this page, as edited by <a href="/wiki/User:PersonAccount" class="mw-userlink" title="User:PersonAccount" data-mw-revid="1257209629"><bdi>PersonAccount</bdi></a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:PersonAccount" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:PersonAccount">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/PersonAccount" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)">current revision</a>.<div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 20:24, 13 November 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:PersonAccount" class="mw-userlink" title="User:PersonAccount" data-mw-revid="1257209629"><bdi>PersonAccount</bdi></a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:PersonAccount" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:PersonAccount">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/PersonAccount" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/PersonAccount">contribs</a>) (made it more clear)</div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&diff=prev&oldid=1257209629" title="New York (state)">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&direction=prev&oldid=1257209629" title="New York (state)">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&diff=cur&oldid=1257209629" title="New York (state)">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&direction=next&oldid=1257209629" title="New York (state)">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&diff=next&oldid=1257209629" title="New York (state)">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. state</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">New York</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State of New York</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New York"><img alt="Flag of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/125px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/188px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/250px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_State_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the State of New York">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of New York"><img alt="Official seal of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Seal_of_New_York_%28state%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_New_York_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Seal_of_New_York_%28state%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_New_York_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Seal_of_New_York_%28state%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_New_York_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="379" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_New_York" title="Coat of arms of New York">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Empire_State" title="Empire State">The Empire State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_New_York" title="Coat of arms of New York">Excelsior</a> (in Latin)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Ever upward</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with New York highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with New York highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/New_York_in_United_States.svg/300px-New_York_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/New_York_in_United_States.svg/450px-New_York_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/New_York_in_United_States.svg/600px-New_York_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with New York highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">July 26, 1788 (11th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Kings (Brooklyn)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Hochul" title="Kathy Hochul">Kathy Hochul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (New York)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Delgado" title="Antonio Delgado">Antonio Delgado</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">State Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">State Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">State Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>16 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (New York)">Democrats</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (New York)">Republicans</a></li></ul> </div> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_York" title="United States congressional delegations from New York">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">54,555<a href="#cite_note-area-2">[2]</a> sq mi (141,298<a href="#cite_note-area-2">[2]</a> km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">47,126 sq mi (122,057 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">7,429 sq mi (19,240 km2)  13.6%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">27th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">330 mi (530 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">285 mi (455 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000 ft (300 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Marcy" title="Mount Marcy">Mount Marcy</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-5">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,344 ft (1,629 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-5">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 ft (0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2023)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,571,216<a href="#cite_note-PopHousingEst-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">4th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">416.42/sq mi (159/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">8th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$75,200<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">14th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">New Yorker</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> 69.6%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> 15.2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> 3.1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Tagalog</a> 2.5%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> 1.6%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> 1.2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> 0.9%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> 0.7%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindi/Urdu</a> 0.6%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> 0.5%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> 0.5%<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">NY</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-NY</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">N.Y.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">40° 30′ N to 45° 1′ N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">71° 51′ W to 79° 46′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ny.gov">ny.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of New York</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_symbols" title="List of New York state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/100px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/150px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/200px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of New York (state)">Flag of New York</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/100px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/150px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/200px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="2660" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_New_York_(state)" title="Seal of New York (state)">Seal of New York</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_York_State.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coat_of_arms_of_New_York_State.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_York_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coat_of_arms_of_New_York_State.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_York_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coat_of_arms_of_New_York_State.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_York_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="990" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_New_York" title="Coat of arms of New York">Coat of arms of New York</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Slogan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/I_Love_New_York" title="I Love New York">I Love New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_bluebird" title="Eastern bluebird">Eastern bluebird</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brook_trout" title="Brook trout">Brook trout</a> (fresh water), <a href="/wiki/Striped_bass" title="Striped bass">Striped bass</a> (salt water)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">Rose</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fruit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apple</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coccinella_novemnotata" title="Coccinella novemnotata">Nine-spotted ladybug</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">North American beaver</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">Reptile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Common_snapping_turtle" title="Common snapping turtle">Common snapping turtle</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar maple">Sugar maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lilac_bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilac bush">Lilac bush</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_beverages" title="List of U.S. state beverages">Beverage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">Milk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eurypterus_remipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurypterus remipes">Eurypterus remipes</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Gemstone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_shells" title="List of U.S. state shells">Shell</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bay_scallop" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay scallop">Bay scallop</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_sports" title="List of U.S. state sports">Sport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:NY-17.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/NY-17.svg/85px-NY-17.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/NY-17.svg/128px-NY-17.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/NY-17.svg/170px-NY-17.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_NY_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="New York quarter dollar coin"><img alt="New York quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2001_NY_Proof.png/85px-2001_NY_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2001_NY_Proof.png/128px-2001_NY_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2001_NY_Proof.png/170px-2001_NY_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1075" /></a><div>Released in 2001</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> New York, also called New York State,<a href="#cite_note-9">[b]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>. One of the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a> states, it borders the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[c]</a> With almost 19.6 million residents, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">fourth-most populous state in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">eighth-most densely populated</a> as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-PopHousingEst-6">[5]</a> New York is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">largest U.S. states by area</a>, with a total area of 54,556 square miles (141,300 km2).<a href="#cite_note-area-2">[2]</a> New York has a <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_(state)" title="Geography of New York (state)">varied geography</a>. The southeastern part of the state, known as <a href="/wiki/Downstate_New_York" title="Downstate New York">Downstate</a>, encompasses <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the United States's largest city; <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, the nation's most populous island; and the suburbs and wealthy enclaves of the lower <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a>. These areas are the center of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> and account for approximately two-thirds of the state's population. The much larger <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate</a> area spreads from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a> and includes the <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a> (part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>). The east–west <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_River" title="Mohawk River">Mohawk River</a> Valley bisects the more mountainous regions of Upstate and flows into the north–south <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> valley near the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state capitals">state capital</a> of <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>. <a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a>, home to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a>, is part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes region</a> and borders <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a> is anchored by the city of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a>; between the central and western parts of the state, New York is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a>, a popular tourist destination. To the south, along the state border with <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a> sits atop the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a>, representing the northernmost reaches of <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a>. New York was one of the original <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> that went on to form the United States. The area of present-day New York had been inhabited by tribes of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> Confederacy <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a> for several thousand years by the time the earliest Europeans arrived.<a href="#cite_note-Zumbusch-2014-13">[10]</a> Stemming from <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a>'s expedition in 1609,<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> established the multiethnic colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> in 1621. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> seized the colony from the Dutch in 1664, renaming it the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, a group of colonists eventually succeeded in establishing independence, and the state ratified the then new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> in 1788. From the early 19th century, New York's development of its interior, beginning with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a>, gave it incomparable advantages over other regions of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Roberts-16">[13]</a> The state built its political, cultural, and economic ascendancy over the next century, earning it the nickname of the "<a href="/wiki/Empire_State" title="Empire State">Empire State</a>". Although <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">deindustrialization</a> eroded a portion of the state's economy in the second half of the 20th century, New York in the 21st century continues to be considered as a global node of <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">creativity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-VentureCapitalNY1-17">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_tolerance" class="mw-redirect" title="Social tolerance">social tolerance</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SocialToleranceNY1-18">[15]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_sustainability" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental sustainability">environmental sustainability</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY1-19">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY2-20">[17]</a> The state attracts visitors from all over the globe, with the highest count of any U.S. state in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> Many of its landmarks are well known, including four of the world's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ann_Shields-22">[19]</a> New York is home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of colleges and universities in New York (state)">approximately 200 colleges and universities</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> members <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, and the expansive <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a>, which is among the largest university systems in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-usnews-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-suny-26">[23]</a> New York City is home to the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">headquarters of the United Nations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> and it is sometimes described as the world's most important city,<a href="#cite_note-NYCWorld'sMostImportantCity-28">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCWorld'sMostImportantCity2-29">[26]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">cultural</a>,<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-culture4-31">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">financial</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter-32">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCDominantFinancialCenter-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkFinancialCapitalWorld-34">[31]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">media</a> epicenter,<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> and the capital of the world.<a href="#cite_note-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld-37">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2-38">[35]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History of New York (state)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_American_history">Native American history</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Localization_Native_Americans_NY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of New York showing Algonquian tribes in the eastern and southern portions and Iroquoian tribes to the western and northern portions." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Early_Localization_Native_Americans_NY.svg/220px-Early_Localization_Native_Americans_NY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Early_Localization_Native_Americans_NY.svg/330px-Early_Localization_Native_Americans_NY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Early_Localization_Native_Americans_NY.svg/440px-Early_Localization_Native_Americans_NY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Prior to European settlement, New York was dominated by <a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Iroquoian</a> (purple) and <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a> (red) <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">tribes</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribes in what is now New York were predominantly <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zumbusch-2014-13">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> was divided roughly in half between the Algonquian <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag" title="Wampanoag">Wampanoag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> peoples. The Lenape also controlled most of the region surrounding <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> North of the Lenape was a third Algonquian nation, the <a href="/wiki/Mohican" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohican">Mohicans</a>. Starting north of them, from east to west, were two Iroquoian nations: the <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a>—part of the original Iroquois Five Nations, and the <a href="/wiki/Petun" title="Petun">Petun</a>. South of them, divided roughly along <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a>, were the <a href="/wiki/Susquehannock" title="Susquehannock">Susquehannock</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Erie_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie (tribe)">Erie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> Many of the Wampanoag and Mohican peoples were caught up in <a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a>, a joint effort of many <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> tribes to push Europeans off their land. After the death of their leader, Chief Philip <a href="/wiki/Metacomet" title="Metacomet">Metacomet</a>, most of those peoples fled inland, splitting into the <a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Schaghticoke_people" title="Schaghticoke people">Schaghticoke</a>. Many of the Mohicans remained in the region until the 1800s,<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> however, a small group known as the Ouabano migrated southwest into <a href="/wiki/Protohistory_of_West_Virginia" title="Protohistory of West Virginia">West Virginia</a> at an earlier time. They may have merged with the <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> The Mohawk and Susquehannock were the most <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militaristic</a>. Trying to corner trade with the Europeans, they targeted other tribes. The Mohawk were also known for refusing white settlement on their land and discriminating against any of their people who converted to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> They posed a major threat to the Abenaki and Mohicans, while the Susquehannock briefly conquered the Lenape in the 1600s. The most devastating event of the century, however, was the <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a>. From approximately 1640–1680, the Iroquois peoples waged campaigns which extended from modern-day Michigan to Virginia against Algonquian and Siouan tribes, as well as each other. The aim was to control more land for animal <a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">trapping</a>,<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> a career most natives had turned to in hopes of trading with whites first. This completely changed the ethnography of the region, and most large game was hunted out before whites ever fully explored the land. Still, afterward, the Iroquois Confederacy offered shelter to refugees of the <a href="/wiki/Mascouten" title="Mascouten">Mascouten</a>, Erie, <a href="/wiki/Neutral_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral Nation">Chonnonton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tutelo" title="Tutelo">Tutelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saponi" title="Saponi">Saponi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a> nations. The Tuscarora became the sixth nation of the Iroquois. In the 1700s, Iroquoian peoples would take in the remaining Susquehannock of Pennsylvania after they were decimated in the <a href="/wiki/French-Indian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Indian War">French and Indian War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> Most of these other groups assimilated and eventually ceased to exist as separate tribes. Then, after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, a large group of Seneca split off and returned to Ohio, becoming known as the <a href="/wiki/Mingo" title="Mingo">Mingo</a> Seneca. The current Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy include the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Tuscarora and Mohawk. The Iroquois fought for both sides during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>; afterwards many pro-British Iroquois migrated to Canada. Today, the Iroquois still live in several enclaves across New York and Ontario.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> Meanwhile, the Lenape formed a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a>. However, upon Penn's death, his sons managed to take over much of their lands and banish them to Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> When the U.S. drafted the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act" title="Indian Removal Act">Indian Removal Act</a>, the Lenape were further moved to Missouri, whereas their cousins, the Mohicans, were sent to Wisconsin. Also, in 1778, the United States relocated the <a href="/wiki/Nanticoke_people" title="Nanticoke people">Nanticoke</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Delmarva_Peninsula" title="Delmarva Peninsula">Delmarva Peninsula</a> to the former Iroquois lands south of Lake Ontario, though they did not stay long. Mostly, they chose to migrate into Canada and merge with the Iroquois, although some moved west and merged with the Lenape.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th_century">16th century</h3></div> In 1524, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Verrazzano" title="Giovanni da Verrazzano">Giovanni da Verrazzano</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a> explorer in the service of the <a href="/wiki/French_crown" class="mw-redirect" title="French crown">French crown</a>, explored the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Carolinas" title="Carolinas">Carolinas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>, including <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_Bay" title="Narragansett Bay">Narragansett Bay</a>. On April 17, 1524, Verrazzano entered <a href="/wiki/New_York_Bay" title="New York Bay">New York Bay</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> by way of the strait now called <a href="/wiki/The_Narrows" title="The Narrows">the Narrows</a> into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita, in honor of the King of France's <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Navarre" title="Marguerite de Navarre">sister</a>. Verrazzano described it as "a vast coastline with a deep delta in which every kind of ship could pass" and he adds: "that it extends inland for a league and opens up to form a beautiful lake. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats." He landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazzano's stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> In 1540, French traders from New France built a <a href="/wiki/Chateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateau">chateau</a> on <a href="/wiki/Castle_Island_(New_York)" title="Castle Island (New York)">Castle Island</a>, within present-day Albany; it was abandoned the following year due to flooding. In 1614, the Dutch, under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, which they called <a href="/wiki/Fort_Nassau_(North_River)" title="Fort Nassau (North River)">Fort Nassau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NewNetherland-59">[56]</a> Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse. Located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617,<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> and abandoned for good after <a href="/wiki/Fort_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Orange">Fort Orange (New Netherland)</a> was built nearby in 1623.<a href="#cite_note-Chronicles-61">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castelloplan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Castelloplan.jpg/220px-Castelloplan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Castelloplan.jpg/330px-Castelloplan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Castelloplan.jpg/440px-Castelloplan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3267" data-file-height="2401" /></a><figcaption>A 1660 map illustration of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, present-day <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> Henry Hudson's 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement in the area. Sailing for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a> on September 11 of that year.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> Word of his findings encouraged Dutch merchants to explore the coast in search of profitable fur trading with local Native American tribes. During the 17th century, Dutch <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading posts</a> established for the trade of pelts from the Lenape, Iroquois, and other tribes were founded in the colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>. The first of these trading posts were Fort Nassau (1614, near present-day <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>);<a href="#cite_note-NewNetherland-59">[56]</a> Fort Orange (1624, on the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> just south of the current city of Albany and created to replace Fort Nassau), developing into settlement <a href="/wiki/Beverwijck" title="Beverwijck">Beverwijck</a> (1647), and into what became Albany; <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a> (1625, to develop into the town <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, which is present-day New York City); and Esopus (1653, now <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a>). The success of the <a href="/wiki/Patroon" title="Patroon">patroonship</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manor_of_Rensselaerswyck" class="mw-redirect" title="Manor of Rensselaerswyck">Rensselaerswyck</a> (1630), which surrounded Albany and lasted until the mid-19th century, was also a key factor in the early success of the colony. The English captured the colony during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a> and governed it as the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>. The city of New York was recaptured by the Dutch in 1673 during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a> (1672–1674) and renamed New Orange. It was returned to the English under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westminster_(1674)" title="Treaty of Westminster (1674)">Treaty of Westminster</a> a year later.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painting of British general John Burgoyne and his men surrendering at Saratoga, 1777" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg/220px-Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg/330px-Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg/440px-Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1987" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British</a> general <a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">John Burgoyne</a> surrendering at <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga</a> on October 17, 1777</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1800LowsNYstate.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1800LowsNYstate.jpeg/220px-1800LowsNYstate.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1800LowsNYstate.jpeg/330px-1800LowsNYstate.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1800LowsNYstate.jpeg/440px-1800LowsNYstate.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2639" data-file-height="2318" /></a><figcaption>An 1800 map of New York from <a href="/wiki/Low%27s_Encyclopaedia" title="Low's Encyclopaedia">Low's Encyclopaedia</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a> were organized in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> during the 1760s, largely in response to the oppressive <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp Act</a> passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</a> in 1765.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a> met in the city on October 19 of that year, composed of representatives from across the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> who set the stage for the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> to follow. The Stamp Act Congress resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Rights_and_Grievances" title="Declaration of Rights and Grievances">Declaration of Rights and Grievances</a>, which was the first written expression by representatives of the Americans of many of the rights and complaints later expressed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a>. This included the right to <a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">representative government</a>. At the same time, given strong commercial, personal and sentimental links to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a>, many New York residents were <a href="/wiki/Loyalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalist">Loyalists</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Capture of Fort Ticonderoga">Capture of Fort Ticonderoga</a> provided the <a href="/wiki/Fortification_of_Dorchester_Heights" title="Fortification of Dorchester Heights">cannon and gunpowder</a> necessary to force a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">siege of Boston</a> in 1775. New York was the only colony <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence#Draft_and_adoption" title="United States Declaration of Independence">not to vote for independence</a>, as the delegates were not authorized to do so. New York then endorsed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> on July 9, 1776.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Constitution">New York State Constitution</a> was framed by a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_meeting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political meeting)">convention</a> which assembled at <a href="/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York" title="White Plains, New York">White Plains</a> on July 10, 1776, and after repeated adjournments and changes of location, finished its work at <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a> on Sunday evening, April 20, 1777, when the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_York,_1777" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of New York, 1777">new constitution</a> drafted by <a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> was adopted with but one dissenting vote. It was not submitted to the people for ratification. On July 30, 1777, <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a> was inaugurated as the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> at Kingston.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> Approximately a third of the battles of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> took place in New York; the first major one and largest of the entire war was the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Battle of Long Island</a>, also known as the Battle of Brooklyn, in August 1776. After their victory, the British occupied present-day New York City, making it their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_operations_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War">intelligence network</a>. On the notorious British <a href="/wiki/HMS_Jersey_(1736)" title="HMS Jersey (1736)">prison ships</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wallabout_Bay" title="Wallabout Bay">Wallabout Bay</a>, more American combatants died than were killed in combat in every battle of the war combined. Both sides of combatants lost more soldiers to disease than to outright wounds. The first of two major British armies were captured by the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battle of Saratoga</a> in 1777,<a href="#cite_note-History-2020-67">[64]</a> a success that influenced <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to ally with the revolutionaries; the state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, on July 26, 1788. In an attempt to retain their <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign nation">sovereignty</a> and remain an independent nation positioned between the new United States and <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British North America</a>, four of the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois Nations</a> fought on the side of the British; only the <a href="/wiki/Oneida_people" title="Oneida people">Oneida</a> and their dependents, the Tuscarora, allied themselves with the Americans.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> In retaliation for attacks on the frontier led by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Joseph Brant</a> and Loyalist <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk forces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a> of 1779 destroyed nearly 50 Iroquois villages, adjacent croplands and winter stores, forcing many refugees to British-held Niagara.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> As allies of the British, the Iroquois were forced out of New York, although they had not been part of treaty negotiations. They resettled in Canada after the war and were given land grants by the Crown. In the treaty settlement, the British ceded most Indian lands to the new United States. Because New York made a treaty with the Iroquois without getting Congressional approval, some of the land purchases have been subject to land claim suits since the late 20th century by the federally recognized tribes. New York put up more than 5 million acres (20,000 km2) of former Iroquois territory for sale in the years after the Revolutionary War, leading to rapid development in Upstate New York.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> As per the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a>, the last vestige of British authority in the former <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>—their troops in New York City—departed in 1783, which was long afterward celebrated as <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Confederation_period_and_1790s">Confederation period and 1790s</h4></div> New York City was the national capital under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation_and_Perpetual_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union">Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union</a>, the first national government. That organization was found to be inadequate, and prominent New Yorker <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> advocated for a new government that would include an executive, national courts, and the power to tax. Hamilton led the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)" title="Annapolis Convention (1786)">Annapolis Convention (1786)</a> that called for the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">Philadelphia Convention</a>, which drafted the United States Constitution, in which he also took part. The new government was to be a strong <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a> national government to replace the relatively weaker <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a> of individual states. Following heated debate, which included the publication of <a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a> as a series of installments in New York City newspapers, New York was the 11th state to ratify the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, on July 26, 1788.<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> New York City remained the national capital under the new constitution until 1790 when it was moved to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> until 1800, when it was relocated to its current location in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> and was the site of the inauguration of President George Washington,<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> In the first session of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">United States Bill of Rights</a> were drafted. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_and_20th_centuries">19th and 20th centuries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York in the American Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockport_bartlett_color_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painting of the Erie Canal, depicted in 1839." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lockport_bartlett_color_crop.jpg/220px-Lockport_bartlett_color_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lockport_bartlett_color_crop.jpg/330px-Lockport_bartlett_color_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Lockport_bartlett_color_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lockport,_New_York" title="Lockport, New York">Lockport</a> in 1839</figcaption></figure> Transportation in <a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a> was by expensive wagons on muddy roads before canals opened up the rich farmlands to long-distance traffic. Governor <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> promoted the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a>, which connected <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, the new canal, and the rivers and lakes. Work commenced in 1817, and the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> opened eight years later, in 1825. <a href="/wiki/Packet_boat" title="Packet boat">Packet boats</a> pulled by horses on tow paths traveled slowly over the canal carrying passengers and freight.<a href="#cite_note-ErieCanal-75">[72]</a> Farm products came in from the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, and finished manufactured goods moved west. It was an engineering marvel which opened up vast areas of New York to commerce and settlement. It enabled Great Lakes port cities such as <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a> to grow and prosper. It also connected the burgeoning agricultural production of the Midwest and shipping on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, with the port of New York City. Improving transportation, it enabled additional population migration to territories west of New York. After 1850, railroads largely replaced the canal.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> The connectivity offered by the canal, and subsequently the railroads, led to an economic boom across the entire state through the 1950s. Major corporations that got their start in New York during this time include <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation" title="AT&T Corporation">AT&T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Myers_Squibb" title="Bristol Myers Squibb">Bristol Myers Squibb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrier_Global" title="Carrier Global">Carrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chase_Bank" title="Chase Bank">Chase</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Kodak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's">Macy's</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany & Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a>. New York City was a major <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">ocean port</a> and had extensive traffic importing cotton from the <a href="/wiki/American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="American South">South</a> and exporting manufacturing goods. Nearly half of the state's exports were related to cotton. Southern cotton factors, planters and bankers visited so often that they had favorite hotels.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> At the same time, activism for <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolitionism</a> was strong upstate, where some communities provided stops on the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>. Upstate, and New York City, gave strong support for the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, in terms of finances, volunteer soldiers, and supplies. The state provided more than 370,000 soldiers to the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> armies. Over 53,000 New Yorkers died in service, roughly one of every seven who served. However, Irish draft riots in 1862 were a significant embarrassment.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration">Immigration</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv/220px--Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="211" data-mwtitle="Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv/Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv/Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv/Ellis_Island_immigration_footage.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video><figcaption>Scenes at the Immigration Depot and a nearby dock on <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> in May 1906</figcaption></figure> Since the early 19th century, New York City has been the largest <a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">port of entry</a> for <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">legal immigration into the United States</a>. In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> did not assume direct jurisdiction for immigration until 1890. Prior to this time, the matter was delegated to the individual states, then via contract between the states and the federal government. Most immigrants to New York would disembark at the bustling docks along the Hudson and <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East Rivers</a>, in the eventual <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>. On May 4, 1847, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> created the Board of Commissioners of Immigration to regulate immigration.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> The first permanent immigration depot in New York was established in 1855 at <a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Garden</a>, a converted <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> era fort located within what is now <a href="/wiki/Battery_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery Park">Battery Park</a>, at the tip of Lower Manhattan. The first immigrants to arrive at the new depot were aboard three ships that had just been released from <a href="/wiki/Quarantine" title="Quarantine">quarantine</a>. Castle Garden served as New York's immigrant depot until it closed on April 18, 1890, when the federal government assumed control over immigration. During that period, more than eight million immigrants passed through its doors (two of every three U.S. immigrants).<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> When the federal government assumed control, it established the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Bureau of Immigration</a>, which chose the three-acre (1.2 ha) Ellis Island in <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Harbor</a> for an entry depot. Already federally controlled, the island had served as an ammunition depot. It was chosen due its relative isolation with proximity to New York City and the rail lines of <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a>, via a short ferry ride. While the island was being developed and expanded via <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a>, the federal government operated a temporary depot at the Barge Office at the Battery.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> Ellis Island opened on January 1, 1892, and operated as a central immigration center until the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">National Origins Act</a> was passed in 1924, reducing immigration. After that date, the only immigrants to pass through were <a href="/wiki/Displaced_persons" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced persons">displaced persons</a> or war <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a>. The island ceased all immigration processing on November 12, 1954, when the last person detained on the island, <a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegian</a> seaman Arne Peterssen, was released. He had overstayed his shore leave and left on the 10:15 a.m. Manhattan-bound ferry to return to his ship. More than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954. More than 100 million Americans across the United States can trace their <a href="/wiki/Ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestry">ancestry</a> to these immigrants. Ellis Island was the subject of a contentious and long-running border and jurisdictional dispute between the State of New York and the State of New Jersey, as both claimed it. The issue was officially settled in 1998 by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> which ruled that the original 3.3-acre (1.3 ha) island was New York state territory and that the balance of the 27.5 acres (11 ha) added after 1834 by landfill was in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> In May 1964, Ellis Island was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> and is still owned by the federal government as part of the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty National Monument</a>. In 1990, Ellis Island was opened to the public as a museum of immigration.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="September_11_attacks">September 11 attacks</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UA_Flight_175_hits_WTC_south_tower_9-11_edit.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The twin towers are seen spewing black smoke and flames, particularly from the left of the two" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/UA_Flight_175_hits_WTC_south_tower_9-11_edit.jpeg/220px-UA_Flight_175_hits_WTC_south_tower_9-11_edit.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/UA_Flight_175_hits_WTC_south_tower_9-11_edit.jpeg/330px-UA_Flight_175_hits_WTC_south_tower_9-11_edit.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/UA_Flight_175_hits_WTC_south_tower_9-11_edit.jpeg/440px-UA_Flight_175_hits_WTC_south_tower_9-11_edit.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_175" title="United Airlines Flight 175">United Airlines Flight 175</a> hitting the <a href="/wiki/2_World_Trade_Center#Original_building_(1973–2001)" title="2 World Trade Center">South Tower</a> during the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Sandy_Flooding_Avenue_C_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lower Manhattan's Avenue C is seen flooded." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hurricane_Sandy_Flooding_Avenue_C_2012.JPG/220px-Hurricane_Sandy_Flooding_Avenue_C_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hurricane_Sandy_Flooding_Avenue_C_2012.JPG/330px-Hurricane_Sandy_Flooding_Avenue_C_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hurricane_Sandy_Flooding_Avenue_C_2012.JPG/440px-Hurricane_Sandy_Flooding_Avenue_C_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Flooding on <a href="/wiki/Avenue_C_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue C (Manhattan)">Avenue C</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> in October 2012</figcaption></figure> On September 11, 2001, two of four hijacked planes were flown into the Twin Towers of the original <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center" title="Collapse of the World Trade Center">the towers collapsed</a>. <a href="/wiki/7_World_Trade_Center_(1987%E2%80%932001)" title="7 World Trade Center (1987–2001)">7 World Trade Center</a> also collapsed due to damage from fires. The other buildings of the World Trade Center complex were damaged beyond repair and demolished soon thereafter. The collapse of the Twin Towers caused extensive damage and resulted in the deaths of 2,753 victims, including 147 aboard the two planes. Since September 11, most of Lower Manhattan has been restored. In the years since, over 7,000 rescue workers and residents of the area have developed several life-threatening illnesses, and some have died.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> A memorial at the site, the <a href="/wiki/National_September_11_Memorial_%26_Museum" title="National September 11 Memorial & Museum">National September 11 Memorial & Museum</a>, was opened to the public on September 11, 2011. A permanent museum later opened at the site on March 21, 2014. Upon its completion in 2014, the new <a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One World Trade Center</a> became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">tallest skyscraper</a> in the Western Hemisphere, at 1,776 feet (541 m), meant to symbolize the year <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">America gained its independence</a>, 1776.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> From 2006 to 2018, <a href="/wiki/3_World_Trade_Center" title="3 World Trade Center">3 World Trade Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_World_Trade_Center" title="4 World Trade Center">4 World Trade Center</a>, 7 World Trade Center, the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Transportation_Hub" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Center Transportation Hub">World Trade Center Transportation Hub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Park" title="Liberty Park">Liberty Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Manhattan_Community_College#Fiterman_Hall_and_the_September_11_attacks" title="Borough of Manhattan Community College">Fiterman Hall</a> were completed. <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Greek_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church">St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Performing_Arts_Center_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing Arts Center (Manhattan)">Ronald O. Perelman Performing Arts Center</a> are under construction at the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_site" title="World Trade Center site">World Trade Center site</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hurricane_Sandy_(2012)">Hurricane Sandy (2012)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York">Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York</a></div> On October 29 and 30, 2012, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> caused extensive destruction of the state's shorelines, ravaging portions of New York City, <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, and southern Westchester with record-high <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a>, with severe flooding and high winds causing <a href="/wiki/Power_outage" title="Power outage">power outages</a> for hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers, and leading to <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> shortages and disruption of <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit">mass transit</a> systems. The storm and its profound effects have prompted the discussion of constructing <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawalls</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">coastal barriers</a> around the shorelines of New York City and Long Island to minimize the risk from another such future event. Such risk is considered highly probable due to <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">rising sea levels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_pandemic_(2020–2023)">COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion</a></div> On March 1, 2020, New York had its first confirmed case of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19</a> after <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington (state)</a>, two months prior.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> From May 19–20, Western New York and the <a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital Region</a> entered Phase 1 of reopening.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> On May 26, the Hudson Valley began Phase 1,<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> and New York City partially reopened on June 8.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> During July 2020, a federal judge ruled Governor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a> and Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a> exceeded authority by limiting religious gatherings to 25% when others operated at 50% capacity.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> On Thanksgiving Eve, the U.S. Supreme Court blocked additional religious restrictions imposed by Cuomo for areas with high infection rates.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_(state)" title="Geography of New York (state)">Geography of New York (state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_state_geographic_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A topographic map of the state of New York, with urban and geographic features marked" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_York_state_geographic_map-en.svg/220px-New_York_state_geographic_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_York_state_geographic_map-en.svg/330px-New_York_state_geographic_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_York_state_geographic_map-en.svg/440px-New_York_state_geographic_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>New York is bordered by five U.S. states (<a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>), two <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a>), and two Canadian provinces (<a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>).</figcaption></figure> The state of New York covers a total area of 54,555 square miles (141,297 km2) and ranks as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">27th-largest state by size</a>.<a href="#cite_note-area-2">[2]</a> The highest elevation in New York is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Marcy" title="Mount Marcy">Mount Marcy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_High_Peaks" title="Adirondack High Peaks">Adirondack High Peaks</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">Northern New York</a>, at 5,344 feet (1,629 meters) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>; while the state's lowest point is at sea level, on the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downstate_New_York" title="Downstate New York">Downstate New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-usgs-99">[96]</a> In contrast with New York City's urban landscape, the vast majority of the state's geographic area is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a>, rivers, farms, mountains, and lakes. Most of the southern part of the state rests on the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a>, which extends from the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">southeastern United States</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a>; the section in the State of New York is known as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a>. The rugged <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a>, with vast tracts of wilderness, lie west of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Champlain Valley">Lake Champlain Valley</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Valley" title="Great Appalachian Valley">Great Appalachian Valley</a> dominates eastern New York and contains Lake Champlain Valley as its northern half and the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> as its southern half within the state. The <a href="/wiki/Tug_Hill" title="Tug Hill">Tug Hill</a> region arises as a <a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">cuesta</a> east of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYS_THComm_Region-100">[97]</a> The state of New York contains a part of the <a href="/wiki/Marcellus_shale" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcellus shale">Marcellus shale</a>, which extends into Ohio and Pennsylvania.<a href="#cite_note-frack-101">[98]</a> Upstate and Downstate are often used informally to distinguish New York City or its greater metropolitan area from the rest of the State of New York. The placement of a boundary between the two is a matter of great contention.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Unofficial and loosely defined regions of Upstate New York include from the Southern Tier, which includes many of the counties along the border with Pennsylvania,<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> to the <a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a> region, above or sometimes including parts of the Adirondack region.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Borders">Borders</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_and_the_Long_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/New_York_City_and_the_Long_Island.jpg/220px-New_York_City_and_the_Long_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/New_York_City_and_the_Long_Island.jpg/330px-New_York_City_and_the_Long_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/New_York_City_and_the_Long_Island.jpg/440px-New_York_City_and_the_Long_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Enveloped by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> have a combined population of 11 million residents, representing over 56 percent of the state's population.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_York.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_York.png/220px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_York.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_York.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_York.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_York.png/440px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_York.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1683" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> of New York</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LakeEffectSnowBuffalo101206.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/LakeEffectSnowBuffalo101206.gif/220px-LakeEffectSnowBuffalo101206.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/LakeEffectSnowBuffalo101206.gif/330px-LakeEffectSnowBuffalo101206.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/LakeEffectSnowBuffalo101206.gif/440px-LakeEffectSnowBuffalo101206.gif 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake-effect_snow" title="Lake-effect snow">Lake-effect snow</a> is a major contributor to heavy snowfall totals in <a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Tug_Hill" title="Tug Hill">Tug Hill</a> region.</figcaption></figure> Among the total area of New York state, 13.6% consists of water.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> Much of New York's boundaries are in water, as is true for New York City: four of its <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">five boroughs</a> are situated on three islands at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan Island</a>; <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, which contains <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> at its western end. The state's borders include a water boundary in (clockwise from the west) two <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a>, which are connected by the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_River" title="Niagara River">Niagara River</a>); the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, with New York and Ontario sharing the <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Islands" title="Thousand Islands">Thousand Islands</a> <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> within the Saint Lawrence River, while most of its border with Quebec is on land; it shares <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a> with the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>; the New England state of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> has mostly a land border; New York extends into <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, sharing a water border with <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> has land and sea borders. Except for areas near the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> and the Upper <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a>, New York has a mostly land border with two <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic states">Mid-Atlantic states</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. New York is the only state that borders both the Great Lakes and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drainage">Drainage</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> begins near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tear_of_the_Clouds" title="Lake Tear of the Clouds">Lake Tear of the Clouds</a> and flows south through the eastern part of the state, without draining Lakes <a href="/wiki/Lake_George_(lake),_New_York" title="Lake George (lake), New York">George</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Champlain</a>. Lake George empties at its north end into Lake Champlain, whose northern end extends into Canada, where it drains into the <a href="/wiki/Richelieu_River" title="Richelieu River">Richelieu River</a> and then ultimately the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>. The western section of the state is drained by the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_River" title="Allegheny River">Allegheny River</a> and rivers of the <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> systems. <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a> is shared between New York and Ontario as it flows on the Niagara River from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. The Delaware River Basin Compact, signed in 1961 by New York, New Jersey, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, and the federal government, regulates the utilization of water of the Delaware system.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_(state)" title="Climate of New York (state)">Climate of New York (state)</a></div> Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, most of New York has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a>, though New York City and Long Island have a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYClimate-107">[104]</a> Weather in New York is heavily influenced by two continental air masses: a warm, humid one from the southwest and a cold, dry one from the northwest. Downstate New York (comprising New York City, Long Island, and lower portions of the Hudson Valley) have rather hot summers with some periods of high humidity and cold, damp winters which are relatively mild compared to temperatures in Upstate New York, due to the downstate region's lower elevation, proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, and relatively lower <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>. <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a> experiences warm summers, marred by only occasional, brief intervals of sultry conditions, with long and cold winters. Western New York, particularly the Tug Hill region, receives heavy <a href="/wiki/Lake-effect_snow" title="Lake-effect snow">lake-effect snows</a>, especially during the earlier portions of winter, before the surface of Lake Ontario itself is covered by ice. The summer climate is cool in the Adirondacks, Catskills, and at higher elevations of the Southern Tier. Buffalo and its metropolitan area are described as climate change havens for their weather pattern in Western New York.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> Summer daytime temperatures range from the high 70s to low 80s °F (25 to 28 °C), over most of the state. In the majority of winter seasons, a temperature of −13 °F (−25 °C) or lower can be expected in the northern highlands (Northern Plateau) and 5 °F (−15 °C) or colder in the southwestern and east-central highlands of the Southern Tier. New York had a record-high temperature of 108 °F (42.2 °C) on July 22, 1926, in the <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-noaa-2020-112">[109]</a> Its record-lowest temperature during the winter was −52 °F (−46.7 °C) in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-noaa-2020-112">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors Island, Manhattan">Governors Island, Manhattan</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>, is planned to host a US$1 billion research and education center poised to make New York the global leader in addressing the <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCGlobalClimateLeader-113">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3></div> Due to New York's relatively large land area and unique geography compared to other eastern states, there are several distinct <a href="/wiki/Ecoregions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecoregions">ecoregions</a> present in the state, many of them reduced heavily due to urbanization and other human activities: <a href="/wiki/Southern_Great_Lakes_forests" title="Southern Great Lakes forests">Southern Great Lakes forests</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England%E2%80%93Acadian_forests" title="New England–Acadian forests">New England–Acadian forests</a> on the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> border, <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_coastal_forests" title="Northeastern coastal forests">Northeastern coastal forests</a> in the lower <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> and western <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_pine_barrens" title="Atlantic coastal pine barrens">Atlantic coastal pine barrens</a> in southern Long Island, <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_interior_dry%E2%80%93mesic_oak_forest" title="Northeastern interior dry–mesic oak forest">Northeastern interior dry–mesic oak forest</a> in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a> and upper Hudson Valley, <a href="/wiki/Appalachian%E2%80%93Blue_Ridge_forests" title="Appalachian–Blue Ridge forests">Appalachian–Blue Ridge forests</a> in the Hudson Valley), <a href="/wiki/Central_Appalachian_dry_oak%E2%80%93pine_forest" title="Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest">Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest</a> around the Hudson Valley, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Great_Lakes_and_Hudson_Lowlands_(ecoregion)" title="Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands (ecoregion)">Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_forest%E2%80%93boreal_transition" title="Eastern forest–boreal transition">Eastern forest–boreal transition</a> in the Adirondacks, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Great_Lakes_lowland_forests" title="Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests">Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests</a> around the Adirondacks, and <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Highlands_forests" title="Allegheny Highlands forests">Allegheny Highlands forests</a>, most of which are in the western Southern Tier. Some species that can be found in this state are <a href="/wiki/American_ginseng" title="American ginseng">American ginseng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitellopsis_obtusa" title="Nitellopsis obtusa">starry stonewort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrilla" title="Hydrilla">waterthyme</a>, water chestnut, <a href="/wiki/Toxicodendron_radicans" title="Toxicodendron radicans">eastern poison ivy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toxicodendron_vernix" title="Toxicodendron vernix">poison sumac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heracleum_mantegazzianum" title="Heracleum mantegazzianum">giant hogweed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heracleum_maximum" title="Heracleum maximum">cow parsnip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urtica_dioica" title="Urtica dioica">common nettle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> There are more than 70 mammal species, more than 20 bird species, some species of amphibians, and several reptile species. Species of mammals that are found in New York are the <a href="/wiki/White-footed_mouse" title="White-footed mouse">white-footed mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_least_shrew" title="North American least shrew">North American least shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_brown_bat" title="Little brown bat">little brown bat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskrat" title="Muskrat">muskrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_gray_squirrel" title="Eastern gray squirrel">eastern gray squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_cottontail" title="Eastern cottontail">eastern cottontail</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groundhog" title="Groundhog">groundhog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">striped skunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_coyote" title="Eastern coyote">eastern coyote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">gray fox</a> <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear</a>; <a href="/wiki/Extirpated" class="mw-redirect" title="Extirpated">extirpated</a> mammals include <a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">wolverine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_woodrat" title="Allegheny woodrat">Allegheny woodrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_elk" title="Eastern elk">eastern elk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_cougar" title="Eastern cougar">eastern cougar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">eastern wolf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> Some species of birds in New York are the <a href="/wiki/Common_pheasant" title="Common pheasant">ring-necked pheasant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_bobwhite" title="Northern bobwhite">northern bobwhite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruffed_grouse" title="Ruffed grouse">ruffed grouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spruce_grouse" title="Spruce grouse">spruce grouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_jay" title="Canada jay">Canada jay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">wild turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_jay" title="Blue jay">blue jay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_bluebird" title="Eastern bluebird">eastern bluebird</a> (the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">state bird</a>), <a href="/wiki/American_robin" title="American robin">American robin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black-capped_chickadee" title="Black-capped chickadee">black-capped chickadee</a>. Birds of prey that are present in the state are <a href="/wiki/Great_horned_owl" title="Great horned owl">great horned owls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_hawk" title="Red-tailed hawk">red-tailed hawks</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_kestrel" title="American kestrel">American kestrels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_harrier" title="Northern harrier">northern harriers</a>. Waterfowl like <a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">mallards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_duck" title="Wood duck">wood ducks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canvasback" title="Canvasback">canvasbacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_black_duck" title="American black duck">American black ducks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trumpeter_swan" title="Trumpeter swan">trumpeter swans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_goose" title="Canada goose">Canada geese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blue-winged_teal" title="Blue-winged teal">blue-winged teals</a> can be found in the region. Maritime or shore birds of New York are <a href="/wiki/Great_blue_heron" title="Great blue heron">great blue heron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killdeer" title="Killdeer">killdeers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_cardinal" title="Northern cardinal">northern cardinals</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_herring_gull" title="American herring gull">American herring gulls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Common_tern" title="Common tern">common terns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> Reptile and amphibian species in land areas of New York include <a href="/wiki/Queen_snake" title="Queen snake">queen snakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellbender" title="Hellbender">hellbenders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamondback_terrapin" title="Diamondback terrapin">diamondback terrapins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timber_rattlesnake" title="Timber rattlesnake">timber rattlesnakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_fence_lizard" title="Eastern fence lizard">eastern fence lizards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotted_turtle" title="Spotted turtle">spotted turtles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blanding%27s_turtle" title="Blanding's turtle">Blanding's turtles</a>. Sea turtles that can be found in the state are the <a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">green sea turtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">loggerhead sea turtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leatherback_sea_turtle" title="Leatherback sea turtle">leatherback sea turtle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kemp%27s_ridley_sea_turtle" title="Kemp's ridley sea turtle">Kemp's ridley sea turtle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> constitute an <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>, making the state of New York home to a <a href="/wiki/Marine_life_of_New_York%E2%80%93New_Jersey_Harbor_Estuary" title="Marine life of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary">rich array of marine life</a> including shellfish—such as <a href="/wiki/Oysters" class="mw-redirect" title="Oysters">oysters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clams" class="mw-redirect" title="Clams">clams</a>—as well as fish, microorganisms, and sea-birds. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/200px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/300px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/400px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="476" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Economic regions</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_State_Department_Economic_Development_Regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/New_York_State_Department_Economic_Development_Regions.svg/200px-New_York_State_Department_Economic_Development_Regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/New_York_State_Department_Economic_Development_Regions.svg/300px-New_York_State_Department_Economic_Development_Regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/New_York_State_Department_Economic_Development_Regions.svg/400px-New_York_State_Department_Economic_Development_Regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="476" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tourism regions</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of regions of the United States">List of regions of the United States § New York</a></div> Due to its long history, New York has several overlapping and often conflicting definitions of regions within the state. The regions are also not fully definable due to the colloquial use of regional labels. The <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Development_Corporation" title="Empire State Development Corporation">New York State Department of Economic Development</a> provides two distinct definitions of these regions. It divides the state into ten economic regions,<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> which approximately correspond to terminology used by residents: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley" title="Mohawk Valley">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li></ol> </div> The department also groups the counties into eleven regions for tourism purposes.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chautauqua%E2%80%93Allegheny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chautauqua–Allegheny (page does not exist)">Chautauqua–Allegheny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Frontier" title="Niagara Frontier">Niagara Frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Islands" title="Thousand Islands">Thousand Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York_Region" title="Central New York Region">Central-Leatherstocking Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_parks">State parks</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_parks" title="List of New York state parks">List of New York state parks</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Office_of_Parks,_Recreation_and_Historic_Preservation" title="New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation">New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adirondack_and_Catskill_Parks_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Adirondack_and_Catskill_Parks_Locator.svg/220px-Adirondack_and_Catskill_Parks_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Adirondack_and_Catskill_Parks_Locator.svg/330px-Adirondack_and_Catskill_Parks_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Adirondack_and_Catskill_Parks_Locator.svg/440px-Adirondack_and_Catskill_Parks_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Two major New York state parks (in green), <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Park" title="Adirondack Park">Adirondack Park</a> (north) and <a href="/wiki/Catskill_Park" title="Catskill Park">Catskill Park</a> (south)</figcaption></figure> New York has many state parks and two major forest preserves. <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_State_Park" title="Niagara Falls State Park">Niagara Falls State Park</a>, established in 1885, is the oldest state park in the United States and the first to be created via <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">eminent domain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYSA_EnvHist-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-NFSP_NPS_study-122">[119]</a> In 1892, <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Park" title="Adirondack Park">Adirondack Park</a>, roughly the size of the state of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> and the largest state park in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-lakeplacid.com-123">[120]</a> was established and given state constitutional protection to remain "forever wild" in 1894. The park is larger than <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everglades_National_Park" title="Everglades National Park">Everglades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)" title="Glacier National Park (U.S.)">Glacier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon</a> national parks combined.<a href="#cite_note-lakeplacid.com-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Catskill_Park" title="Catskill Park">Catskill Park</a> was protected in legislation passed in 1885,<a href="#cite_note-CatskillPark1-125">[122]</a> which declared that its land was to be conserved and never put up for sale or lease. Consisting of 700,000 acres (2,800 km2) of land,<a href="#cite_note-CatskillPark1-125">[122]</a> the park is a habitat for deer, <a href="/wiki/Mink" title="Mink">minks</a>, and fishers. There are some 400 <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black bears</a> living in the region.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> The state operates numerous campgrounds, and there are over 300 miles (480 km) of multi-use trails in the Park. The 1797 <a href="/wiki/Montauk_Point_Light" title="Montauk Point Light">Montauk Lighthouse</a>, commissioned under <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, is a major tourist attraction in <a href="/wiki/Montauk_Point_State_Park" title="Montauk Point State Park">Montauk Point State Park</a> at the easternmost tip of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hither_Hills_State_Park" title="Hither Hills State Park">Hither Hills State Park</a>, also on Long Island's <a href="/wiki/South_Fork_(Long_Island)" title="South Fork (Long Island)">South Fork</a>, offers camping and is a popular destination with surfcasting sport fishermen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_parks,_monuments,_and_historic_landmarks">National parks, monuments, and historic landmarks</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg/220px-Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg/330px-Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg/440px-Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3558" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>, a global symbol of the United States and its ideals<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_Burial_Ground-aerial_view-NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/African_Burial_Ground-aerial_view-NYC.jpg/220px-African_Burial_Ground-aerial_view-NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/African_Burial_Ground-aerial_view-NYC.jpg/330px-African_Burial_Ground-aerial_view-NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/African_Burial_Ground-aerial_view-NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground National Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> The State of New York is well represented in the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park System</a> with 22 <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>, which received 16,349,381 visitors in 2011. In addition, there are a <a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="National Marine Sanctuary">national marine sanctuary</a>, four <a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_Area" title="National Heritage Area">national heritage areas</a>, 27 <a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">national natural landmarks</a>, 262 <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">national historic landmarks</a>, and 5,379 listings on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. Some major areas, landmarks, and monuments are listed below. <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty National Monument</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>. The statue, designed by <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Auguste_Bartholdi" title="Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi">Frédéric Bartholdi</a> and formally named Liberty Enlightening the World, was a gift from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to the United States to mark the Centennial of the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence of the United States">American Declaration of Independence</a>; it was dedicated in New York Harbor on October 28, 1886. It has since become an icon of the United States and the concepts of democracy and freedom.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground National Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> is the only national monument dedicated to Americans of African ancestry. It preserves a site containing the remains of more than 400 <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Africa">Africans</a> buried during the late 17th and 18th centuries in a portion of what was the largest colonial-era cemetery for people of African descent, both free and enslaved, with an estimated tens of thousands of remains interred. The site's excavation and study were called "the most important historic urban archeological project in the United States."<a href="#cite_note-ABG-128">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Island_National_Seashore" title="Fire Island National Seashore">Fire Island National Seashore</a> is a <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_national_lakeshores_and_seashores" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States national lakeshores and seashores">national seashore</a> that protects a 26-mile (42 km) section of <a href="/wiki/Fire_Island" title="Fire Island">Fire Island</a>, an approximately 30-mile (48 km) long <a href="/wiki/Barrier_island" title="Barrier island">barrier island</a> separated from the mainland of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Bay" title="Great South Bay">Great South Bay</a>. The island is part of <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a> is more than 26,000 acres (10,522 ha) of water, <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetlands">wetlands</a>, islands, and shoreline at the entrance to New York Harbor,<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> the majority of which lies within New York. Including areas on Long Island and in New Jersey, it covers more area than that of two Manhattan islands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Grant_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="General Grant National Memorial">General Grant National Memorial</a> is the final resting place of President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> and is the largest <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> in North America.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_National_Memorial" title="Hamilton Grange National Memorial">Hamilton Grange National Memorial</a> preserves the home of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, Caribbean immigrant and <a href="/wiki/Orphan" title="Orphan">orphan</a> who rose to be a United States founding father and associate of George Washington.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Home_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_National_Historic_Site" title="Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site">Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site</a>, established in 1945, preserves the Springwood estate in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_New_York" title="Hyde Park, New York">Hyde Park, New York</a>. Springwood was the birthplace, lifelong home, and burial place of the 32nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary">Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary</a> was designated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> in 2024; it covers 1,722 square miles (1,300 sq nmi; 4,460 km2) of southeastern <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a> off the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_New_York" title="Jefferson County, New York">Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York" title="Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_New_York" title="Wayne County, New York">Wayne</a> <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> and protects historic <a href="/wiki/Shipwreck" title="Shipwreck">shipwrecks</a> and an area of cultural, historical, and spiritual importance to <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>. It is managed jointly by NOAA's <a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Marine_Sanctuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of National Marine Sanctuaries">Office of National Marine Sanctuaries</a> and the State of New York.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_National_Heritage_Area" title="Niagara Falls National Heritage Area">Niagara Falls National Heritage Area</a> was designated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> in 2008; it stretches from the western boundary of <a href="/wiki/Wheatfield,_New_York" title="Wheatfield, New York">Wheatfield, New York</a> to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_River" title="Niagara River">Niagara River</a> on Lake <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, including the communities of Niagara Falls, Youngstown, and Lewiston. It includes <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_State_Park" title="Niagara Falls State Park">Niagara Falls State Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Niagara" title="Fort Niagara">Colonial Niagara Historic District</a>. It is managed in collaboration with the state.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_National_Historical_Park" title="Saratoga National Historical Park">Saratoga National Historical Park</a> preserves the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a>, the first significant <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">American military</a> victory of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. In 1777, American forces defeated a major <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>,<a href="#cite_note-History-2020-67">[64]</a> which led <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to recognize the independence of the United States, and enter the war as a decisive military ally of the struggling Americans.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument" title="Stonewall National Monument">Stonewall National Monument</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a> neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, is the first U.S. national monument dedicated to <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBTQ rights</a>, designated on June 24, 2016. The monument comprises the area around the still privately operated <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Inn" title="Stonewall Inn">Stonewall Inn</a>, commonly recognized to be the cradle of the <a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">gay liberation</a> movement as the site of the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewall Riots">Stonewall Riots</a>; the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Street" title="Christopher Street">Christopher Park</a>; and surrounding streets and sidewalks.<a href="#cite_note-NYTRosenberg20160624-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPSStonewallMonument-134">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATHayasaki20070518-135">[132]</a></li> <li>Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Birthplace_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site">Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site</a> is also the childhood home of President Theodore Roosevelt, the only president born in New York City until <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">Administrative divisions of New York (state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_Counties.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/New_York_Counties.svg/220px-New_York_Counties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/New_York_Counties.svg/330px-New_York_Counties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/New_York_Counties.svg/440px-New_York_Counties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Map of the 62 counties of New York state</figcaption></figure> As of 2022, New York is divided into 62 <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> Aside from the five counties of New York City, each of these counties is subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Town#New_York" title="Town">towns</a> and <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">cities</a>, incorporated under state law. Towns can contain incorporated <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">villages</a> or unincorporated <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)#New_York" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlets</a>. New York City is divided into five <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">boroughs</a>, each coterminous with a county. The major cities of the state developed along the key transportation and <a href="/wiki/Trade_route" title="Trade route">trade routes</a> of the early 19th century, including the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> and railroads paralleling it. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Thruway" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Thruway">New York Thruway</a> acts as a modern counterpart to commercial water routes.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Downstate_New_York" title="Downstate New York">Downstate New York</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_City" title="Geography of New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, and the southern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a>) can be considered to form the central core of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a>, an urbanized region stretching from <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> to <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">List of cities in New York</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">List of towns in New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">List of villages in New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">List of census-designated places in New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_statistical_areas" title="New York statistical areas">New York statistical areas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City,_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/New_York_City%2C_night.jpg/220px-New_York_City%2C_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/New_York_City%2C_night.jpg/330px-New_York_City%2C_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/New_York_City%2C_night.jpg/440px-New_York_City%2C_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4023" /></a><figcaption>New York City at night</figcaption></figure> New York contains 62 administrative divisions termed cities. The largest city in the state and the most populous city in the United States is New York City, which comprises five counties (each coextensive with a <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">borough</a>): <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a>, New York County (<a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, Kings County (<a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>), and Richmond County (<a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>). New York City is home to more than two-fifths of the state's population. <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, the state capital, is the sixth-largest city in the State of New York. The smallest city is <a href="/wiki/Sherrill,_New_York" title="Sherrill, New York">Sherrill, New York</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York" title="Oneida County, New York">Oneida County</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead</a> is the most populous <a href="/wiki/Town_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Town (New York)">town</a> in the state; if it were a city, it would be the second-largest in the State of New York, with more than 700,000 residents. New York contains 13 <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan areas">metropolitan areas</a>, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> Major metro areas include New York City, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">Poughkeepsie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York" title="Binghamton, New York">Binghamton</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in New York <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2020 U.S. census <a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of New York">County</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Kings, Queens, New York, Bronx, Richmond</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,804,190 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">793,409 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_New_York" title="Brookhaven, New York">Brookhaven</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">488,497 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Islip,_New_York" title="Islip, New York">Islip</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">339,938 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay,_New_York" title="Oyster Bay, New York">Oyster Bay</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">301,332 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York" title="Erie County, New York">Erie</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">278,349 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_Hempstead,_New_York" title="North Hempstead, New York">North Hempstead</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">237,639 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Babylon,_New_York" title="Babylon, New York">Babylon</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">218,223 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">211,569 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">211,328 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Demographics of New York (state)">Demographics of New York (state)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a></th><td>340,120</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>589,051</td><td></td><td>73.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>959,049</td><td></td><td>62.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>1,372,812</td><td></td><td>43.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>1,918,608</td><td></td><td>39.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>2,428,921</td><td></td><td>26.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>3,097,394</td><td></td><td>27.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>3,880,735</td><td></td><td>25.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>4,382,759</td><td></td><td>12.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>5,082,871</td><td></td><td>16.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>6,003,174</td><td></td><td>18.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>7,268,894</td><td></td><td>21.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>9,113,614</td><td></td><td>25.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>10,385,227</td><td></td><td>14.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>12,588,066</td><td></td><td>21.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>13,479,142</td><td></td><td>7.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>14,830,192</td><td></td><td>10.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>16,782,304</td><td></td><td>13.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>18,236,967</td><td></td><td>8.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>17,558,072</td><td></td><td>−3.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>17,990,455</td><td></td><td>2.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>18,976,457</td><td></td><td>5.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>19,378,102</td><td></td><td>2.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>20,201,249</td><td></td><td>4.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">19,571,216</td><td></td><td>−3.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">Sources: 1910–2020; 2023.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-PopHousingEst-6">[5]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_Population_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/New_York_Population_Map.png/290px-New_York_Population_Map.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/New_York_Population_Map.png/435px-New_York_Population_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/New_York_Population_Map.png/580px-New_York_Population_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Among New York state's population of 19.5 million, 11 million, or 56 percent, are in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> or <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></figcaption></figure> New York was the most populous state in the U.S. from the 1810s until 1962. As of 2024, it is the nation's fourth-most populous state behind <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. Growth has been distributed unevenly. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo%E2%80%93Niagara_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area">Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_District_(New_York)" title="Capital District (New York)">Capital District</a> are growing while <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a>, and other population centers have been losing residents or have been stagnant for decades.<a href="#cite_note-2016NYCountyGrowthCensus-141">[138]</a> New York City gained 223,615 residents between April 2010 and July 2018, representing the greatest population increase of any U.S. city.<a href="#cite_note-2018NYCest-142">[139]</a> Since 2020, the city's population decreased by 546,155 residents, roughly 6.2%.<a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2022-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> statistics, the state is a leading recipient of migrants from around the globe. In 2008 New York had the second-largest international immigrant population in the country among U.S. states, at 4.2 million; most reside in and around New York City, due to its size, high profile, vibrant economy, and <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a> culture. New York has a pro-<a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary city</a> law.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> tabulated in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> that the population of New York was 20,215,751 on April 1, 2020, a 4.3% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PopHousingEst-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Despite the abundance of open land in the state, New York's population is very urban, with 92% of residents living in an urban area,<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> predominantly in the New York City metropolitan area. Two-thirds of the state's population resides in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>. New York City is the most populous city in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> with an estimated record high population of 8,622,698 in 2017,<a href="#cite_note-NYCest2-149">[146]</a> incorporating more immigration into the city than emigration since the 2010 United States census.<a href="#cite_note-inmigration-150">[147]</a> More than twice as many people live in New York City as in the second-most populous U.S. city, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> and within a smaller area. <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> alone accounted for a census-estimated 7,838,722 residents in 2015, representing 39.6% of the State of New York's population.<a href="#cite_note-NYCest2-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kings_County,_New_York_QuickFacts-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Queens_County,_New_York_QuickFacts-153">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nassau_County,_New_York_QuickFacts-154">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-Suffolk_County,_New_York_QuickFacts-155">[152]</a> Of the total statewide population, 6.5% of New Yorkers were under five years of age, 24.7% under 18, and 12.9% were 65 or older. According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 74,178 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in New York.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> The leading out-of-state birthplaces in New York were the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, and Central American countries in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_New_York.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_York.png/247px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_York.png" decoding="async" width="247" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_York.png/371px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_York.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_York.png/494px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_York.png 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="4836" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in New York</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Racial and ethnic composition as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Alone </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">52.5% </td> <td align="left">52.5<div style="width:105px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td> <td align="right">55.3% </td> <td align="left">55.3<div style="width:110.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[d]</a> </td> <td align="right">— </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">19.5% </td> <td align="left">19.5<div style="width:39px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">13.7% </td> <td align="left">13.7<div style="width:27.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td> <td align="right">15.1% </td> <td align="left">15.1<div style="width:30.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">9.5% </td> <td align="left">9.5<div style="width:19px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td> <td align="right">10.5% </td> <td align="left">10.5<div style="width:21px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="left">0.3<div style="width:0.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="left">1.1<div style="width:2.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td align="right">0.03% </td> <td align="left">0.03<div style="width:0.06px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td align="right">1.0% </td> <td align="left">1<div style="width:2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td> <td align="right">2.2% </td> <td align="left">2.2<div style="width:4.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the 2000 census, Italian, Irish, German, African American and English were the most common ancestries.<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> The state's historically most populous racial group, non-Hispanic White people, declined as a proportion of the state population from 94.6% in 1940 to 58.3% in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-PopUS-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-census1-163">[159]</a> As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a>, 55.6% of New York's population younger than age 1 were minorities.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> New York's robustly increasing <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> population, the largest outside of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> was the highest among states both by percentage and by absolute number in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> It is driven by the high reproductive rate of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> families,<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> particularly in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and communities of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a>. New York is home to the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asian_Americans" title="Demographics of Asian Americans">second-largest Asian American</a> population and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_African-American_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by African-American population">fourth-largest Black or African American</a> population in the United States. New York's Black and African population increased by 2.0% between 2000 and 2010, to 3,073,800.<a href="#cite_note-NYQuickLinks-168">[164]</a> In 2019, the Black and African American population increased to an estimated 3,424,002. The Black or African American population is in a state of flux, as New York is the largest recipient of immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Chinese2013est-169">[165]</a> while established Blacks and African Americans are migrating out of New York to the <a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">southern United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> The New York City neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> has historically been a major cultural capital for Blacks and African Americans of sub-Saharan descent, and <a href="/wiki/Bedford%E2%80%93Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn" title="Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn">Bedford-Stuyvesant</a> in Brooklyn has the largest such population in the United States. Meanwhile, New York's Asian population increased by a notable 36% from 2000 to 2010, to 1,420,244;<a href="#cite_note-NYQuickLinks-168">[164]</a> in 2019, its population grew to an estimated 1,579,494. <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, in New York City, is home to the state's largest Asian American population and is the most <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic diversity">ethnically diverse</a> county in the United States and the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> New York's growing Hispanic and Latino American population numbered 3,416,922 in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> a 19% increase from the 2,867,583 enumerated in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> In 2020, it numbered an estimated 3,811,000. Queens is home to the largest <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colombian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian American">Colombian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecuadorian American">Ecuadorian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian American">Peruvian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bolivian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivian American">Bolivian</a>) populations in the United States. In addition, New York has the largest <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican American">Dominican</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaican American">Jamaican American</a> populations in the continental United States. The <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> population constitutes the fastest-growing nationality in the State of New York, which is the top destination for new Chinese immigrants, and large-scale <a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Chinese immigration</a> continues into the state.<a href="#cite_note-Chinese2013est-169">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chinese2012est-175">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chinese2011est-176">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chinese2010est-177">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> Multiple <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">satellites</a> of the original <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Manhattan Chinatown</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown, Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, and around <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Flushing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown, Flushing">Flushing, Queens</a>, are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburban <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> Long Island, including Queens and Nassau County, is also home to several <a href="/wiki/Curry_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Curry Hill">Little Indias</a> and a large <a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreatown, Long Island">Koreatown</a>, with large and growing attendant populations of <a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean American">Korean Americans</a>, respectively. Brooklyn has been a destination for <a href="/wiki/West_Indian" title="West Indian">West Indian</a> immigrants of African descent, as well as Asian Indian immigrants. The annual New York City India Day Parade, held on or approximately every August 15 since 1981, is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Independence Day">Indian Independence Day</a> parade outside of India.<a href="#cite_note-NYCLargestIndiaParade-181">[177]</a> In the 2000 U.S. census, New York had the largest <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian American</a> population, composing the largest self-identified ancestral group in <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> and Long Island, followed by <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish Americans</a>. Albany and the <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley" title="Mohawk Valley">Mohawk Valley</a> also have large communities of ethnic Italians and Irish Americans, reflecting 19th and early 20th-century immigration. According to the 2011-2015 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, New York also had the largest <a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek American</a> population, enumerating 148,637 individuals (0.7% of the state).<a href="#cite_note-pop1-182">[178]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> and Western New York, <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a> comprise the largest ancestry. In the <a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a> of New York, <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadians</a> represent the leading ethnicity, given the area's proximity to <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. Americans of <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a> ancestry are present throughout all of upstate New York, reflecting early colonial and later immigrants. <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>1950<a href="#cite_note-census1-163">[159]</a></th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census1-163">[159]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census1-163">[159]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-2020DP1-184">[180]</a> </th> <td rowspan="8" style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px"> </td> <th colspan="2">Largest ancestry by county (2017)<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td> <td>93.5%</td> <td>86.8%</td> <td>74.4%</td> <td>65.7%</td> <td>55.2%</td> <td rowspan="7" style="border-right:0px"><a href="/wiki/File:Largest_ancestry_of_each_New_York_county_(en).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Largest_ancestry_of_each_New_York_county_%28en%29.svg/250px-Largest_ancestry_of_each_New_York_county_%28en%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Largest_ancestry_of_each_New_York_county_%28en%29.svg/375px-Largest_ancestry_of_each_New_York_county_%28en%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Largest_ancestry_of_each_New_York_county_%28en%29.svg/500px-Largest_ancestry_of_each_New_York_county_%28en%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="476" /></a></td> <td rowspan="7" style="border-left:0px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/French_American" class="mw-redirect" title="French American">French</a>/<a href="/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian Americans">French Canadian</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">Caribbean</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Black American">Black or African American</a></td> <td>6.2%</td> <td>11.9%</td> <td>15.9%</td> <td>15.9%</td> <td>14.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian and Alaska Native</a></td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td>3.9%</td> <td>7.3%</td> <td>9.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>5.5%</td> <td>7.4%</td> <td>10.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.0%</td> <td>8.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a></td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> <td>12.3%</td> <td>17.6%</td> <td>19.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2018, The top countries of origin for New York's immigrants were the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> Before the American Revolution. Dutch people, English people, Scottish people and German people predominately settled in New York. The influx of European immigrants to New York came initially from the northern and central parts of Europe and then later from southern Europe countries. They were mainly from Italy, Russia and Ukraine, Poland, Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="margin-left:1em; font-size: 90%; display: inline-table"> <caption>Most common non-English languages (2010)<a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-188">[184]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td>14.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>)</td> <td>2.61% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td>1.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td>1.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a></td> <td>0.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td>0.75% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a></td> <td>0.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td>0.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></td> <td>0.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td>0.43% </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2019, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that 69.5% of New York's population aged 5 years and older only spoke <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, with 30.6% speaking a language other than English. <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> remained the second most spoken non-English language with 2,758,925 speakers. Other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> were spoken by 1,587,798 residents, and Asian and Pacific Islander languages were spoken by 948,959 people.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> At the American Community Survey's 2017 estimates, nearly six million residents spoke a language other than English. Approximately 1,249,541 New York residents spoke Spanish, 386,290 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, 122,150 <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, 63,615 <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a>, 62,219 <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, and 60,405 <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-188">[184]</a> In 2018, 12,756,975 aged 5 years and older spoke English alone and 10,415,395 aged 18 and older only spoke English. Spanish-speaking households by majority were not limited to English-speaking.<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> An estimated 2.7 million households with residents aged 5 and older spoke Spanish. Chinese, Slavic, and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> languages were the following largest household languages spoken in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> In 2010, 70.72% (12,788,233) of New York residents aged five and older reported speaking only English at home, while 14.44% (2,611,903) spoke Spanish, 2.61% (472,955) Chinese (which includes <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>), 1.20% (216,468) Russian, 1.18% (213,785) <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, 0.79% (142,169) <a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a>, 0.75% (135,789) French, 0.67% (121,917) <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>, 0.63% (114,574) Korean, and <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> was spoken by 0.53% (95,413) of the population over the age of five. In total, 29.28% (5,295,016) of New York's population aged five and older reported speaking a language other than English.<a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-188">[184]</a> In 2010, the most common <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a> spoken in New York, besides <a href="/wiki/General_American_English" title="General American English">General American English</a>, were the <a href="/wiki/New_York_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="New York dialect">New York City area dialect</a> (including <a href="/wiki/New_York_Latino_English" title="New York Latino English">New York Latino English</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_English_dialects#North_Jersey_English" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey English dialects">North Jersey English</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Western_New_England_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Western New England dialect">Western New England accent</a> around <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">Inland Northern American English</a> in Buffalo and western New York State. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York City,<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-800source2-194">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-800source3-195">[191]</a> making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity">Sexual orientation and gender identity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Village Halloween Parade">Greenwich Village Halloween Parade</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in New York City">LGBT culture in New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New York">LGBT rights in New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest LGBT events">List of largest LGBT events</a>, <a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">NYC Pride March</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_people_from_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT people from New York City">List of LGBT people from New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_York" title="Same-sex marriage in New York">Same-sex marriage in New York</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg/220px-Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg/330px-Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg/440px-Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Inn" title="Stonewall Inn">Stonewall Inn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, site of the June 1969 <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a>, the cradle of the modern <a href="/wiki/LGBT_social_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT social movements">LGBT rights movement</a><a href="#cite_note-GayGreenwichVillage1-197">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTRosenberg20160624-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPSStonewallMonument-134">[131]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capital_Gay_Pride_parade_in_Albany_New_York_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Capital_Gay_Pride_parade_in_Albany_New_York_2009.jpg/220px-Capital_Gay_Pride_parade_in_Albany_New_York_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Capital_Gay_Pride_parade_in_Albany_New_York_2009.jpg/330px-Capital_Gay_Pride_parade_in_Albany_New_York_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Capital_Gay_Pride_parade_in_Albany_New_York_2009.jpg/440px-Capital_Gay_Pride_parade_in_Albany_New_York_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Capital Gay Pride Parade and Festival in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, the largest celebration of <a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in New York">LGBTQ+ culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a></figcaption></figure> As of 2013, roughly 3.8 percent of the state's adult population self-identifies as <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a>, constituting a total LGBT adult population in the state of 570,388 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> In 2010, the number of same-sex couple households stood at roughly 48,932.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> New York legalized <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_York" title="Same-sex marriage in New York">same-sex marriage</a> on July 24, 2011; one of the first U.S. states to have done so.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in New York City">New York City</a> has been described as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest LGBT events">gay capital</a> of the world and the central node of the LGBTQ+ <a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">sociopolitical ecosystem</a>, and is home to one of the world's largest LGBTQ populations and the most prominent.<a href="#cite_note-NYCGayCapitalOfTheWorld1-201">[197]</a> In July 2012, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> from 2002 to 2013, said "same-sex marriages in New York City had generated an estimated $259 million in economic impact and $16 million in City revenues" in the first year after enactment of the Marriage Equality Act.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> New York City is home to the nation's largest <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> population, estimated at 25,000 as of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> The annual <a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">NYC Pride March</a>, the largest pride parade in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> held annually in June, traverses down <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> in Manhattan and ends in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade-204">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stonewall_riots">Stonewall riots</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a></div> On June 29, 1969, the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a> were a series of spontaneous, violent protests by members of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT community">gay community</a> against a <a href="/wiki/Police_raid" title="Police raid">police raid</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Inn" title="Stonewall Inn">Stonewall Inn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>. They are considered to constitute to be one the most important events leading to the <a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">gay liberation</a> movement,<a href="#cite_note-GayGreenwichVillage1-197">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-KentuckyStonewall-205">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-PinkNewsStonewall-206">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-EncycloStonewall-207">[203]</a> and the modern LGBT rights movement.<a href="#cite_note-NPSStonewall-208">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-ObamaStonewall-209">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument" title="Stonewall National Monument">Stonewall National Monument</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">national monument</a>, commemorates the Stonewall riots. In June 2017, plans were announced for the first monument to LGBT individuals commissioned by the State of New York and planned to be built in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Park" title="Hudson River Park">Hudson River Park</a> in Manhattan, near the Hudson River waterfront.<a href="#cite_note-NYSOfficialLGBTMonument-210">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_50_%E2%80%93_WorldPride_NYC_2019" title="Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019">Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019</a> commemorated the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots and was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest LGBT events">largest LGBTQ+ pride event</a> in world history, attracting four million attendees in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> The Brooklyn Liberation March, the largest <a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">transgender-rights</a> demonstration in LGBTQ history, took place on June 14, 2020, stretching from <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza" title="Grand Army Plaza">Grand Army Plaza</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene</a> section of Brooklyn, focused on supporting Black transgender lives, drawing an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 participants.<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Orange; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1589.4544843865px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 524.21835811132px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 307.76835371753px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 106.48918403248px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:68.454710592869px 72.896862742141px 0 0; border-top-color:lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:63.742398974869px 77.051324277579px 0 0; border-top-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:58.778525229247px 80.901699437495px 0 0; border-top-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 54.975465219277px 100px 0; border-right-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religious self-identification, per <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2022 American Values Survey<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in the United States">Catholicism</a> (33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (27%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Universalist</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (26%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Judaism</a> (7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Islam</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a> (1%)</div> </div> </div></div> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> released a study of New York's religious population, which found that majority, 60%, are <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>. Christians are followed by the irreligious (27%), <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (7%), <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (2%), <a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Buddhism and Hinduism</a> (1% each), and other faiths (0.5%).<a href="#cite_note-Pew-2020-216">[212]</a> Through another study by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a> in 2020, the majority of New York's religious or spiritual population were 67% Christian, followed by the irreligious (22%), Judaism (4%), Islam (2%), Buddhism and Hinduism (1% each), and other faiths (1%).<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> Prior to the 1800s, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> sects dominated the religious life of New York, although religion did not play as large a role in the public life of colonial-era <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> as it did in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, with its Puritan population.<a href="#cite_note-www.city-data.com-218">[214]</a> Historically, New York served as the foundation for <a href="/wiki/Burned-over_district" title="Burned-over district">new Christian denominations</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a>. Non-Western Christian traditions and non-Christian religions did not grow for much of the state's history because immigration was predominantly from <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> (favored by the quotas in federal immigration law). The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a> removed the quotas, allowing for the growth of other religious groups. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> is the largest Christian denomination in New York as of 2014's study (31%). The largest Roman Catholic diocese is the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_York" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York">Archdiocese of New York</a>. The largest Eastern Catholic diocese is the <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Passaic" title="Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Passaic">Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Passaic</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> was the largest <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a> denomination and second-largest overall, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church in the U.S.</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing Anglican</a> bodies. The <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptist Churches USA</a> were the following largest Mainline denominations. Mainline Protestants together made up 11% of Christians in the state as of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Pew-2020-216">[212]</a> In Evangelical Protestantism the <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">non-denominational Protestants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostals</a> were the largest groups. The <a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA,_Inc." title="National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.">National Baptist Convention (USA)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Progressive National Baptist Convention">Progressive National Baptist Convention</a> were the largest historically black Protestant churches in New York. Roughly 10% of Christians in New York identify as Evangelical Protestants as of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Pew-2020-216">[212]</a> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a> collectively comprised 1% of the religious demographic alongside <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">other Christians</a>; the Orthodox Christians in 2020's study made up 1% of the population, and Jehovah's Witnesses grew to 1% of the population as well. According to the Pew Research Center, non-Christian religions account for 12% of New York state's population.<a href="#cite_note-Pew-2020-216">[212]</a> Judaism is the second-largest religion as of 2014 and 2020. In 2010, 588,500 practiced <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> A little over 392,953 professed Islam. The <a href="/wiki/Powers_Street_Mosque" title="Powers Street Mosque">Powers Street Mosque</a> in New York City was the state's first Muslim organization.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> New York is also home to the oldest <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">fire temple</a> in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> Less than 1% of New York's population practice <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">contemporary paganism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American religions</a> are also a minority religion.<a href="#cite_note-Pew-2020-216">[212]</a> Statewide, 17% were not religiously practicing, 5% identified as agnostic, and 5% as <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_(state)" title="Economy of New York (state)">Economy of New York (state)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_York_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="New York locations by per capita income">New York locations by per capita income</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy of New York City</a></div> New York's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP) in 2022-Q2 was US$2.0 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-GDPByState-222">[218]</a> If the State of New York were an independent nation, it would rank as the 11th-largest economy in the world.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> However, in 2022, the multi-state, New York City-centered <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">metropolitan statistical area</a> produced a <a href="/wiki/Gross_metropolitan_product" title="Gross metropolitan product">gross metropolitan product</a> (GMP) of over US$2.16 trillion, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">the largest metropolitan economy worldwide</a> and behind the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> of only nine nations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wall_Street">Wall Street</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_NYSE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/220px-NYC_NYSE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/330px-NYC_NYSE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/440px-NYC_NYSE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="2958" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> by total <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of its listed companies<a href="#cite_note-NYSEhighestcap-224">[220]</a></figcaption></figure> Anchored by Wall Street in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world.<a href="#cite_note-WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter-32">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-EconomicallyPowerful2015-225">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> Lower Manhattan is the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> in the United States and is home to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, on Wall Street, and <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>, at <a href="/wiki/One_Liberty_Plaza" title="One Liberty Plaza">165 Broadway</a>, representing the world's largest and second-largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">stock exchanges</a>, respectively, as measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of their listed companies in 2023. New York City remains the largest global center for trading in <a href="/wiki/Public_equity" class="mw-redirect" title="Public equity">public equity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">debt</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital markets">capital markets</a>, driven in part by the size and <a href="/wiki/Financial_Development_Index" title="Financial Development Index">financial development</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._economy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. economy">U.S. economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNY2007-229">[225]</a>: 31–32 <a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> New York also leads in <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_equity_firms" title="List of private equity firms">private equity</a> and the monetary volume of <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">mergers and acquisitions</a>. Several financial institutions and related managers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers.<a href="#cite_note-CNY2007-229">[225]</a>: 34–35  New York is also the principal <a href="/wiki/Commercial_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial banking">commercial banking</a> center of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> Many of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Media_conglomerate" title="Media conglomerate">media conglomerates</a> are also based in the city. <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> contained approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m2) of office space in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> making it the largest office market in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> is the largest central business district in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_technology">High technology</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Silicon_Alley_eastward_throughout_Long_Island">Silicon Alley eastward throughout Long Island</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tech:NYC" title="Tech:NYC">Tech:NYC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tech_companies_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Tech companies in New York">Tech companies in New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biotech_and_pharmaceutical_companies_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in New York">Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in New York</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory.jpg/220px-Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory.jpg/330px-Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</a> on the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="North Shore (Long Island)">North Shore</a> of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, an internationally renowned <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical research">biomedical research</a> facility and home to eight scientists awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a>, once confined to <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, has since evolved into a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for the sphere encompassing the New York City metropolitan region's <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship_ecosystem" title="Entrepreneurship ecosystem">high technology and entrepreneurship ecosystem</a>; in 2015, Silicon Alley generated over $7.3 billion in <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> investment.<a href="#cite_note-VentureCapitalNY1-17">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">High tech</a> industries including <a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">digital media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">game design</a>, and other fields in <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> are growing, bolstered by New York City's position at the terminus of several <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_telephone_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Transatlantic telephone cable">transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> its <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_capital" title="Intellectual capital">intellectual capital</a>, as well as its growing outdoor <a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">wireless connectivity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> In December 2014, the State of New York announced a $50 million venture-capital fund to encourage enterprises working in biotechnology and <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">advanced materials</a>; according to former Governor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seed_money" title="Seed money">seed money</a> would facilitate <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneurs</a> in bringing their research into the marketplace.<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technion-Israel_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Technion-Israel Institute of Technology">Technion-Israel Institute of Technology</a> to build a two billion dollar <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a> of <a href="/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">applied sciences</a> on <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a> in Manhattan, with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> New York City's <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) sector alone raised US$483.6 million in venture capital investment in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-NYCArtificialIntelligenceHub-240">[236]</a> In 2023, New York unveiled the first comprehensive initiative to create both a framework of rules and a <a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">chatbot</a> to regulate the use of AI within the sphere of city government.<a href="#cite_note-NYCArtificialIntelligenceGovernment-241">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> is a prominent nexus for <a href="/wiki/STEM" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM">STEM</a>-based education and technology. <a href="/wiki/Biotech_and_pharmaceutical_companies_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area">Biotechnology companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a> play a significant role in Long Island's economy,<a href="#cite_note-LongIslandBioPharma-242">[238]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Research_institute" title="Research institute">research facilities</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook University</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Institute_of_Technology" title="New York Institute of Technology">New York Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plum_Island_Animal_Disease_Center" title="Plum Island Animal Disease Center">Plum Island Animal Disease Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Tandon_School_of_Engineering" title="New York University Tandon School of Engineering">New York University Tandon School of Engineering</a>, the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zucker_School_of_Medicine" title="Zucker School of Medicine">Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Feinstein_Institutes_for_Medical_Research" title="Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research">Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tech_Valley">Tech Valley</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tech_Valley" title="Tech Valley">Tech Valley</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_Yorktown_Heights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/IBM_Yorktown_Heights.jpg/220px-IBM_Yorktown_Heights.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/IBM_Yorktown_Heights.jpg/330px-IBM_Yorktown_Heights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/IBM_Yorktown_Heights.jpg/440px-IBM_Yorktown_Heights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5065" data-file-height="2899" /></a><figcaption>The main laboratory building of the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Research" title="IBM Research">IBM</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Watson Research Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yorktown_Heights,_New_York" title="Yorktown Heights, New York">Yorktown Heights</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_times_square_night_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/1_times_square_night_2013.jpg/220px-1_times_square_night_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/1_times_square_night_2013.jpg/330px-1_times_square_night_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/1_times_square_night_2013.jpg/440px-1_times_square_night_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>, hub of the <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Theater_District_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater District (Manhattan)">theater district</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" title="Media (communication)">media</a> center, and one of the world's busiest <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian">pedestrian</a> intersections</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MadeInAlbanyNY-243">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga County</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MadeInSaratogaCountyNY-244">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer County</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a>, collectively recognized as eastern New York's <a href="/wiki/Tech_Valley" title="Tech Valley">Tech Valley</a>, have experienced significant growth in the <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">computer hardware</a> ecosystem within the <a href="/wiki/High-technology_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="High-technology industry">high-technology industry</a>, making great strides in the <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a> sector, <a href="/wiki/Digital_electronics" title="Digital electronics">digital electronics</a> design, and water- and electricity-dependent <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated microchip circuit</a> manufacturing,<a href="#cite_note-MadeInSaratogaCountyNY-244">[240]</a> involving companies including <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson Research Center</a>,<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> and the three foreign-owned firms, GlobalFoundries, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Semiconductor_Manufacturing_Company_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited">Taiwan Semiconductor</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-MadeInAlbanyNY-243">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> The area's high technology ecosystem is supported by technologically focused <a href="/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academic institutions</a> including <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Polytechnic Institute">SUNY Polytechnic Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MadeInAlbanyNY-243">[239]</a> In 2015, Tech Valley, straddling both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Northway" class="mw-redirect" title="Adirondack Northway">Adirondack Northway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Thruway" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Thruway">New York Thruway</a>, generated over $163 million in venture capital investment.<a href="#cite_note-VentureCapitalNY1-17">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a> area is important in the field of <a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">photographic processing and imaging</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">incubating</a> an increasingly diverse high technology sphere encompassing <a href="/wiki/STEM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM fields">STEM fields</a>, similarly in part the result of private <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup enterprises</a> collaborating with major academic institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a> and Cornell University.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> [ <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County</a> has developed a burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology sector</a> in the 21st century, with over a billion dollars in planned private investment as of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> In April 2021, <a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a>, a company specializing in the <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">semiconductor industry</a>, moved its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley, California">Silicon Valley, California</a> to its most advanced <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor-chip manufacturing</a> facility in <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga County</a> near a section of the Adirondack Northway, in <a href="/wiki/Malta,_New_York" title="Malta, New York">Malta, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GlobalFoundriesSaratogaCountyHeadquartersNewYork-251">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_entertainment">Media and entertainment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">Media in New York City</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a>, which are concerned with generating and distributing <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a>, such as new media, digital media, <a href="/wiki/Film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Film production">film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Television production">television production</a>, advertising, fashion, design, and architecture, account for a growing share of employment, with New York City possessing a strong competitive advantage in these industries.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a>, the State of New York was offering tax incentives of up to $420 million annually for <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a> within the state, the most generous such <a href="/wiki/Tax_rebate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax rebate">tax rebate</a> among U.S. states. New York has also attracted higher-wage <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual-effects</a> employment by further augmenting its tax credit to a maximum of 35% for performing <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-film production</a> work in Upstate New York.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> The filmed <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry">entertainment industry</a> has been growing in New York, contributing nearly $9 billion to the New York City economy alone as of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I_Love_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/I_Love_New_York.svg/220px-I_Love_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/I_Love_New_York.svg/330px-I_Love_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/I_Love_New_York.svg/440px-I_Love_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>"I Love New York"</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism in New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway theatre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Container_Ship_CMA_CGM_Theodore_Roosevelt_in_NY_Harbor_on_Sept_7,_2017_(36415318053).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Container_Ship_CMA_CGM_Theodore_Roosevelt_in_NY_Harbor_on_Sept_7%2C_2017_%2836415318053%29.jpg/220px-Container_Ship_CMA_CGM_Theodore_Roosevelt_in_NY_Harbor_on_Sept_7%2C_2017_%2836415318053%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Container_Ship_CMA_CGM_Theodore_Roosevelt_in_NY_Harbor_on_Sept_7%2C_2017_%2836415318053%29.jpg/330px-Container_Ship_CMA_CGM_Theodore_Roosevelt_in_NY_Harbor_on_Sept_7%2C_2017_%2836415318053%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Container_Ship_CMA_CGM_Theodore_Roosevelt_in_NY_Harbor_on_Sept_7%2C_2017_%2836415318053%29.jpg/440px-Container_Ship_CMA_CGM_Theodore_Roosevelt_in_NY_Harbor_on_Sept_7%2C_2017_%2836415318053%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption>The Theodore Roosevelt, the largest container ship to enter the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a> as of September 2017</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/I_Love_New_York" title="I Love New York">I Love New York</a> (stylized as I ❤ NY) is a <a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">slogan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a>, and state song that are the basis of an <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> campaign used since 1977 to promote <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> in the New York state,<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> including <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Trademarked" class="mw-redirect" title="Trademarked">trademarked</a> logo is owned by <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Development_Corporation" title="Empire State Development Corporation">New York State Empire State Development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Broadway_League" title="The Broadway League">The Broadway League</a> reported that <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> shows sold approximately $1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from $1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million.<a href="#cite_note-league-259">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exports">Exports</h3></div> New York exports a wide variety of goods such as prepared foods, <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">electronics</a>, cut <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a>, and other commodities. In 2007, the state exported a total of $71.1 billion worth of goods, with the five largest foreign export markets being Canada ($15 billion), the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> ($6 billion), <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> ($5.9 billion), <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> ($4.9 billion), and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> ($3.4 billion). New York's largest imports are oil, gold, aluminum, natural gas, electricity, rough diamonds, and lumber. The state also has a large <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturing sector">manufacturing sector</a> that includes printing and the production of <a href="/wiki/Garment" class="mw-redirect" title="Garment">garments</a>, mainly in New York City; and furs, railroad equipment, automobile parts, and bus line vehicles, concentrated in Upstate regions. New York is the nation's third-largest <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a> producing state, and third-largest <a href="/wiki/New_York_wine" title="New York wine">wine</a> producer by volume, behind California and Washington. The southern <a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a> hillsides, the Hudson Valley, the <a href="/wiki/North_Fork,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="North Fork, Suffolk County, New York">North Fork</a> of Long Island, and the southern shore of Lake Erie are the primary grape- and wine-growing regions in New York, with many <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a>. In 2012, New York had 320 <a href="/wiki/Wineries" class="mw-redirect" title="Wineries">wineries</a> and 37,000 grape bearing acres (15,000 ha), generating full-time employment for nearly 25,000 and annual wages over $1.1 billion, and yielding $4.8 billion in direct economic impact from New York grapes, grape juice, and wine and grape products.<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_York" title="Agriculture in New York">New York agriculture</a> industry is a major producer overall, ranking among the top five states for agricultural products including <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a>, apples, cherries, cabbage, <a href="/wiki/New_York_dairy_industry" title="New York dairy industry">dairy products</a>, onions, and potatoes. The state is the largest producer of cabbage in the U.S. The state has about a quarter of its land in farms and produced $3.4 billion in agricultural products in 2001. The south shore of Lake Ontario provides the right mix of soils and <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimate</a> for many apple, cherry, plum, pear and peach orchards. Apples are also grown in the Hudson Valley and near Lake Champlain. A moderately sized saltwater commercial fishery is located along the Atlantic side of Long Island. The principal catches by value are clams, lobsters, squid, and <a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_York_energy_law" title="New York energy law">New York energy law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_York" title="Solar power in New York">Solar power in New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_New_York" title="List of power stations in New York">List of power stations in New York</a></div> In 2017, the State of New York consumed 156,370 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt hour">gigawatthours</a> (GWh) of electrical energy. Downstate regions (Hudson Valley, New York City, and Long Island) consumed 66% of that amount. Upstate regions produced 50% of that amount. The peak load in 2017 was 29,699 MW. The resource capability in 2017 was 42,839 MW.<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_energy_law#NYISO" title="New York energy law">NYISO's</a> market monitor described the average all-in wholesale electric price as a range (a single value was not provided) from $25 per MWh to $53 per MWh for 2017.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_(state)" title="Education in New York (state)">Education in New York (state)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of colleges and universities in New York (state)">List of colleges and universities in New York (state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butler_Library_-_1000px_-_AC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Butler_Library_-_1000px_-_AC.jpg/220px-Butler_Library_-_1000px_-_AC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Butler_Library_-_1000px_-_AC.jpg/330px-Butler_Library_-_1000px_-_AC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Butler_Library_-_1000px_-_AC.jpg/440px-Butler_Library_-_1000px_-_AC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Butler_Library" title="Butler Library">Butler Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> university in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Upper Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg/220px-Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg/330px-Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg/440px-Harris_Hall_1589_Amst_Av_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harris_Hall" title="Harris Hall">Harris Hall</a> at <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>, a public college of the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Hamilton Heights, Manhattan">Hamilton Heights</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> Among all New York-based colleges and universities, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Upper Manhattan</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> universities, are the most selective universities, and both are world-renowned private universities. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> in Manhattan also ranks highly among New York state-based universities. Other notable large private universities include <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a>. Smaller notable private institutions of higher education include <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercy_University" title="Mercy University">Mercy University</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Institute_of_Technology" title="New York Institute of Technology">New York Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hofstra_University" title="Hofstra University">Hofstra University</a>. There are also a multitude of <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgraduate degree">postgraduate</a>-level schools in the State of New York, including <a href="/wiki/Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical School">medical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Law School">law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> schools such as <a href="/wiki/New_York_Medical_College" title="New York Medical College">New York Medical College</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Law_School" title="New York Law School">New York Law School</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> at <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point</a>, the service academy of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a>, is located just south of <a href="/wiki/Newburgh_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Newburgh (city), New York">Newburgh</a>, on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. The federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">Merchant Marine Academy</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Kings_Point,_New_York" title="Kings Point, New York">Kings Point</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education in the United States">post-secondary education</a>, the statewide public university system is the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a> (SUNY). The SUNY system consists of 64 community colleges, technical colleges, undergraduate colleges, and doctoral-granting institutions.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> The SUNY system has four "university centers": <a href="/wiki/University_at_Albany,_SUNY" title="University at Albany, SUNY">Albany</a> (1844), <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">Buffalo</a> (1846), <a href="/wiki/Binghamton_University" title="Binghamton University">Binghamton</a> (1946), and <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook</a> (1957), of which Buffalo and Stony Brook are the two flagship universities.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> The SUNY system is home to three academic medical centers: <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_School_of_Medicine_at_Stony_Brook_University" title="Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University">Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Upstate_Medical_University#Norton_College_of_Medicine" title="State University of New York Upstate Medical University">Norton College of Medicine</a> at <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Upstate_Medical_University" title="State University of New York Upstate Medical University">SUNY Upstate Medical University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Downstate_Medical_Center" title="SUNY Downstate Medical Center">SUNY Downstate Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>. The <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/University_system" title="University system">university system</a> of <a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City">New York City</a>. It is the largest urban university system in the United States, comprising 25 campuses: eleven <a href="/wiki/Upper_division_college" title="Upper division college">senior colleges</a>, seven <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a> and seven professional institutions. While its constituent colleges date back as far as 1847, CUNY was established in 1961. The university enrolls more than 275,000 students, and counts thirteen <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners and twenty-four <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program" title="MacArthur Fellows Program">MacArthur Fellows</a> among its alumni.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> A number of selective private liberal arts institutions are located in New York. Among them are <a href="/wiki/Adelphi_University" title="Adelphi University">Adelphi University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_College" title="Hamilton College">Hamilton College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hobart_and_William_Smith_Colleges" title="Hobart and William Smith Colleges">Hobart and William Smith Colleges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marist_College" title="Marist College">Marist College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lawrence_College" title="Sarah Lawrence College">Sarah Lawrence College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skidmore_College" title="Skidmore College">Skidmore College</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_University" title="St. Lawrence University">St. Lawrence University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_College" title="Union College">Union College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a>. Two of these schools, Barnard and Vassar, are members of the selective <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sisters_(colleges)" title="Seven Sisters (colleges)">Seven Sisters</a>, originally all women's colleges with ties to the <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a>. Barnard is affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, its Manhattan neighbor, and Vassar became coeducational in 1969 after declining an offer to merge with <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. New York is also home to what are widely regarded as the best performing arts schools in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, is one of the world's leading music and dance schools.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eastman_School_of_Music" title="Eastman School of Music">Eastman School of Music</a>, a professional school within the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a>, was ranked first among U.S. music schools by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> for five consecutive years.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="University of the State of New York">University of the State of New York</a> accredits and sets standards for elementary, middle-level, and secondary education in the state, while the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Education_Department" title="New York State Education Department">New York State Education Department</a> oversees public schools and controls their <a href="/wiki/Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">standardized tests</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a> manages the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Public Schools">New York City Public Schools</a> system. In 1894, reflecting general racial discrimination then, the state passed a law that allowed communities to set up separate schools for children of African-American descent. In 1900, the state passed another law requiring integrated schools.<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a> During the 2013 fiscal year, New York spent more on public education per pupil than any other state, according to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> statistics.<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_(state)" title="Transportation in New York (state)">Transportation in New York (state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R188_Subway_Car,_7898,_7,_September_5th,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A subway train and many people are seen in New York City's subway system." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/R188_Subway_Car%2C_7898%2C_7%2C_September_5th%2C_2014.jpg/220px-R188_Subway_Car%2C_7898%2C_7%2C_September_5th%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/R188_Subway_Car%2C_7898%2C_7%2C_September_5th%2C_2014.jpg/330px-R188_Subway_Car%2C_7898%2C_7%2C_September_5th%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/R188_Subway_Car%2C_7898%2C_7%2C_September_5th%2C_2014.jpg/440px-R188_Subway_Car%2C_7898%2C_7%2C_September_5th%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems" title="List of metro systems">one of the world's busiest subway systems</a>, serving over five million passengers each weekday</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Central_Terminal_ceiling_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Grand_Central_Terminal_ceiling_view.jpg/220px-Grand_Central_Terminal_ceiling_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Grand_Central_Terminal_ceiling_view.jpg/330px-Grand_Central_Terminal_ceiling_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Grand_Central_Terminal_ceiling_view.jpg/440px-Grand_Central_Terminal_ceiling_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JFK_Plane_Queue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Five jumbo airplanes wait in a line on a runway next to a small body of water at John F. Kennedy Airport." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/JFK_Plane_Queue.jpg/220px-JFK_Plane_Queue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/JFK_Plane_Queue.jpg/330px-JFK_Plane_Queue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/JFK_Plane_Queue.jpg/440px-JFK_Plane_Queue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3620" data-file-height="2414" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Busiest_airports_in_the_United_States_by_international_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic">busiest international air passenger gateway</a> to the United States</figcaption></figure> New York has one of the oldest and most extensive transportation infrastructures in the country. Engineering challenges posed by the complex terrain of the state and the unique infrastructural issues of New York City brought on by urban crowding have had to be overcome perennially. Population expansion of the state has followed the path of the early waterways, first the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_River" title="Mohawk River">Mohawk River</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a>. In the 19th century, railroads were constructed along the river valleys, followed by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Thruway" title="New York State Thruway">New York State Thruway</a> in the 20th century. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads_and_highways">Roads and highways</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York State Department of Transportation">New York State Department of Transportation</a> (NYSDOT) is the department of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_(state)" title="Government of New York (state)">government of New York</a> responsible for the development and operation of <a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_New_York" title="Numbered highways in New York">highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_railroads" title="List of New York railroads">railroads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit">mass transit</a> systems, <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">ports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterways" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterways">waterways</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of airports in New York (state)">aviation facilities</a> within the State of New York.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> The NYSDOT is headquartered at 50 Wolf Road in <a href="/wiki/Colonie,_New_York" title="Colonie, New York">Colonie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany County</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a> (PANYNJ) is a joint venture between the states of New York and New Jersey and authorized by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a>, established in 1921 through an <a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">interstate compact</a>, that oversees much of the regional transportation infrastructure, including <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airports</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaports</a>, within the geographical jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a>. This 1,500 sq mi (3,900 km2) port district is generally encompassed within a 25 mi (40 km) radius of the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty National Monument</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-annual-report-2002-275">[271]</a> The Port Authority is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/4_World_Trade_Center" title="4 World Trade Center">4 World Trade Center</a> in Lower Manhattan. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Motor_Vehicles" title="New York State Department of Motor Vehicles">New York State Department of Motor Vehicles</a> (NYSDMV or DMV) is the governmental agency responsible for registering and <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_inspection" title="Vehicle inspection">inspecting automobiles</a> and other motor vehicles, as well as licensing drivers in the State of New York. As of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a>, the NYSDMV has 11,284,546 drivers licenses on file and 10,697,644 vehicle registrations in force.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> All gasoline-powered vehicles registered in the State of New York are required to have an <a href="/wiki/Emission_standard" title="Emission standard">emissions inspection</a> every 12 months, in order to ensure that <a href="/wiki/Environmental_quality" title="Environmental quality">environmental quality</a> controls are working to prevent air pollution. Diesel-powered vehicles with a gross weight rating over 8,500 pounds that are registered in most Downstate New York counties must get an annual emissions inspection. All vehicles registered in the State of New York must get an annual safety inspection. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3></div> In addition to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> system, which is confined to the five boroughs of New York City, New York state has four suburban <a href="/wiki/Commuter_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter railroad">commuter railroad</a> systems that enter and depart the city: the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_Trans-Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Authority Trans-Hudson">Port Authority Trans-Hudson</a>, and five of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Transit_Rail_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Transit Rail Operations">New Jersey Transit's rail lines</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">New York City Department of Transportation</a> (NYCDOT) is the agency of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">government of New York City</a> responsible for the management of much of New York City's own transportation infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> In Buffalo, the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Frontier_Transportation_Authority" title="Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority">Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority</a> runs the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Metro_Rail" title="Buffalo Metro Rail">Buffalo Metro Rail</a> light-rail system; in Rochester, the <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Subway" class="mw-redirect" title="Rochester Subway">Rochester Subway</a> operated from 1927 until 1956, but fell into disuse as state and federal investment went to highways. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3></div> Portions of the transportation system are <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_passenger_transport" title="Intermodal passenger transport">intermodal</a>, allowing travelers to switch easily from one mode of transportation to another. One of the most notable examples is <a href="/wiki/AirTrain_JFK" title="AirTrain JFK">AirTrain JFK</a> which allows rail passengers to travel directly to <a href="/wiki/Airport_terminal" title="Airport terminal">terminals</a> at <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> and to the underground New York City Subway system. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_(state)" title="Government of New York (state)">Government of New York (state)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_York_(state)" title="Law of New York (state)">Law of New York (state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYSCapitolPanorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NYSCapitolPanorama.jpg/220px-NYSCapitolPanorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NYSCapitolPanorama.jpg/330px-NYSCapitolPanorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NYSCapitolPanorama.jpg/440px-NYSCapitolPanorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4758" data-file-height="2825" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Capitol" title="New York State Capitol">New York State Capitol</a> in Albany</figcaption></figure> The Government of New York embodies the governmental structure of the State of New York as established by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Constitution">New York State Constitution</a>. It is composed of three branches: <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">legislative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">governor</a> is the state's chief executive and is assisted by the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">lieutenant governor</a>. Both are elected on the same ticket. Additional elected officers include the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Attorney General">attorney general</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Comptroller" title="New York State Comptroller">comptroller</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_New_York" title="Secretary of State of New York">secretary of state</a>, formerly an elected officer, is currently appointed by the governor.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> is <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> and consists of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a>. The state assembly consists of 150 members, while the state senate varies in its number of members, currently having 63. The legislature is empowered to make laws, subject to the governor's power to <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> a bill. However, the veto may be overridden by the legislature if there is a <a href="/wiki/Two-thirds_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-thirds majority">two-thirds majority</a> in favor of overriding in each house. The permanent laws of a general nature are <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codified</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Laws_of_New_York" title="Consolidated Laws of New York">Consolidated Laws of New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYSCourtofAppeals1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/NYSCourtofAppeals1.JPG/220px-NYSCourtofAppeals1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/NYSCourtofAppeals1.JPG/330px-NYSCourtofAppeals1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/NYSCourtofAppeals1.JPG/440px-NYSCourtofAppeals1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a> is the highest court of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of New York (state)">New York judiciary</a></figcaption></figure> The highest court of appeal in the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_York" title="Judiciary of New York">Unified Court System</a> is the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a> whereas the primary <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felony</a> <a href="/wiki/Trial_court" title="Trial court">trial court</a> is the <a href="/wiki/New_York_County_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New York County Court">County Court</a> (or the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> in New York City). The New York Supreme Court also acts as the intermediate appellate court for many cases, and the local courts handle a variety of other matters including <a href="/wiki/Small_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Small claims">small claims</a>, traffic ticket cases, and local <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> matters, and are the starting point for all criminal cases. The <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">state is divided</a> into counties, cities, towns, and villages, all of which are <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal corporations</a> with respect to their own governments, as well as various corporate entities that serve single purposes that are also local governments, such as school districts, fire districts, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_state_public-benefit_corporations" title="New York state public-benefit corporations">New York state public-benefit corporations</a>, frequently known as authorities or development corporations. Each municipal corporation is granted varying <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> powers as provided by the New York Constitution. The state also has 10 <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a>. There have been several movements regarding <a href="/wiki/Partition_and_secession_in_New_York" title="Partition and secession in New York">secession from the state of New York</a>. Proposals have included a state of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, consisting of everything on the island outside New York City; a state called Niagara, the <a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">western counties</a> of the state of New York; the northern counties of the state of New York called <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a>; making the city of New York a state; a proposal for a new <a href="/wiki/Peconic_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Peconic County">Peconic County</a> on eastern Long Island; and for the borough of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> to secede from New York City.<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> In a 2020 study, New York was ranked as the 17th easiest state for citizens to vote in.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> New York's government released a new seal, coat of arms, and flag in April 2020, adding "<a href="/wiki/E_pluribus_unum" title="E pluribus unum">E pluribus unum</a>" below the state's motto.<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> A bill utilizing newly designed flag, arms and seal went into effect in September.<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> Revived in the early 2000s, <a href="/wiki/Abolition_Commemoration_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolition Commemoration Day">Abolition Commemoration Day</a>, also known as the Fifth of July, is a historic celebration commemorating the abolishment of slavery in New York. In July 2020, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> passed legislation officially recognizing Abolition Commemoration Day and <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> in New York.<a href="#cite_note-nyassembly-288">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levine-2014-289">[285]</a> Abolition Commemoration Day is observed on the second Monday in July and Juneteenth on June 19.<a href="#cite_note-nyassembly-288">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_punishment">Capital punishment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital punishment in New York (state)">Capital punishment in New York (state)</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a> was reintroduced in 1995 under the <a href="/wiki/George_Pataki#Death_penalty" title="George Pataki">Pataki administration</a>, but the statute was declared unconstitutional in 2004, when the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a> ruled in <a href="/wiki/People_v._LaValle" title="People v. LaValle">People v. LaValle</a> that it violated the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Constitution">state constitution</a>. The remaining death sentence was commuted by the court to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a> in 2007, in People v. John Taylor, and the death row was disestablished in 2008, under executive order from Governor <a href="/wiki/David_Paterson" title="David Paterson">David Paterson</a>. No execution has taken place in New York since 1963. Legislative efforts to amend the statute have failed, and death sentences are no longer sought at the state level, though certain crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government are subject to the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_federal_government" title="Capital punishment by the United States federal government">federal death penalty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_representation">Federal representation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_York#2013–2023:_27_seats" title="United States congressional delegations from New York">Current United States congressional delegation from New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_congressional_districts" title="New York's congressional districts">New York's congressional districts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuck_Schumer_and_Kirstin_Gillibrand_June_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kirsten Gillibrand and Chuck Schumer are seen giving a speech promoting universal healthcare." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Chuck_Schumer_and_Kirstin_Gillibrand_June_2009.jpg/220px-Chuck_Schumer_and_Kirstin_Gillibrand_June_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Chuck_Schumer_and_Kirstin_Gillibrand_June_2009.jpg/330px-Chuck_Schumer_and_Kirstin_Gillibrand_June_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Chuck_Schumer_and_Kirstin_Gillibrand_June_2009.jpg/440px-Chuck_Schumer_and_Kirstin_Gillibrand_June_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3095" data-file-height="2303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a>, the state's two <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senators</a> as of 2024</figcaption></figure> New York is represented by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_congressional_districts" title="New York's congressional districts">twenty-six congressional districts</a>, the nation's fourth highest number of congressional districts, behind California's 52, Texas's 38, and Florida's 28.<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> As of 2024, fifteen districts are represented by members of the Democratic Party, while ten are represented by Republicans. Representation was reduced from 27 in 2023 due to the state's slower overall population growth relative to the overall national population growth.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> New York has 28 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a> in national presidential elections, a drop from its peak of 47 votes from 1933 to 1953. The state has a strong imbalance of payments with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Comptroller" title="New York State Comptroller">New York State Comptroller</a>, the State of New York received 91 cents in services for every $1 it sent in taxes to the U.S. federal government in the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a>; New York ranked in 46th place in the federal balance of payments to the state on a per capita basis.<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics of New York (state)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">Elections in New York (state)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_New_York_(state)" title="Political party strength in New York (state)">Political party strength in New York (state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathy_Hochul,_November_2017.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kathy_Hochul%2C_November_2017.jpeg/170px-Kathy_Hochul%2C_November_2017.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kathy_Hochul%2C_November_2017.jpeg/255px-Kathy_Hochul%2C_November_2017.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kathy_Hochul%2C_November_2017.jpeg/340px-Kathy_Hochul%2C_November_2017.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Hochul" title="Kathy Hochul">Kathy Hochul</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (New York)">(D)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of New York">57th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a></figcaption></figure> As of April 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (New York)">Democrats</a> represented a plurality of voters in the State of New York, constituting more than twice as many <a href="/wiki/Voter_registration" title="Voter registration">registered voters</a> as any other political party affiliation <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">or lack thereof</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYSRegisteredVoterAffiliation-296">[292]</a> No Republican presidential candidate has won over New York State since <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">Ronald Reagan's landslide victory in 1984</a>. New York City, as well as the state's other major urban locales, are significant Democratic strongholds. Rural portions of upstate New York, however, are generally more conservative than large cities and tend to favor <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (New York)">Republicans</a>. Heavily populated suburban areas downstate, such as Westchester County and Long Island, were solidly Republican until the 1990s, but have since shifted to primarily supporting the Democratic Party. New York City is the most important source of <a href="/wiki/Political_fundraising" class="mw-redirect" title="Political fundraising">political fundraising</a> in the United States for both major parties. Four of the top five <a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a> in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP Code, 10021 on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a>, generated the most money for the 2000 presidential campaigns of both <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> The State of New York has the distinction of being the home state for both major-party nominees in three <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">presidential elections</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904 presidential election</a> saw former <a href="/wiki/New_York_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Governor">New York Governor</a> and incumbent President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> face <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a>, chief judge of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944 presidential election</a> had <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, following in his cousin Theodore's footsteps as former New York Governor and incumbent president running for re-election against the then-incumbent New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a> from New York <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, a resident of <a href="/wiki/Chappaqua,_New_York" title="Chappaqua, New York">Chappaqua</a>, was the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> nominee. The <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> nominee was businessman <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, a resident of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and a native of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> New York City is an important center for <a href="/wiki/International_diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="International diplomacy">international diplomacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">United Nations headquarters</a> is situated on the <a href="/wiki/Midtown_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Midtown East">East Side of Midtown Manhattan</a> since 1952. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_York_(state)" title="Sports in New York (state)">Sports in New York (state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_view_from_the_Grandstand_Level_at_New_Yankee_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_view_from_the_Grandstand_Level_at_New_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/220px-The_view_from_the_Grandstand_Level_at_New_Yankee_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_view_from_the_Grandstand_Level_at_New_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/330px-The_view_from_the_Grandstand_Level_at_New_Yankee_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_view_from_the_Grandstand_Level_at_New_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/440px-The_view_from_the_Grandstand_Level_at_New_Yankee_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1371" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></figcaption></figure> The State of New York is geographically home to one <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bills" title="Buffalo Bills">Buffalo Bills</a>, based in the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Orchard_Park_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchard Park (town), New York">Orchard Park</a>. Although the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a> represent the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York City metropolitan area</a> and were previously located in New York City, they play in <a href="/wiki/MetLife_Stadium" title="MetLife Stadium">MetLife Stadium</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford, New Jersey</a>. New York also has two <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> teams, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> (based in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> (based in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>). Minor league baseball teams also play in the State of New York, including the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Ducks" title="Long Island Ducks">Long Island Ducks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_FerryHawks" title="Staten Island FerryHawks">Staten Island FerryHawks</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Cyclones" title="Brooklyn Cyclones">Brooklyn Cyclones</a>, downstate, and the <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Red_Wings" title="Rochester Red Wings">Rochester Red Wings</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Binghamton_Rumble_Ponies" title="Binghamton Rumble Ponies">Binghamton Rumble Ponies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Mets" title="Syracuse Mets">Syracuse Mets</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Auburn_Doubledays" title="Auburn Doubledays">Auburn Doubledays</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Batavia_Muckdogs" title="Batavia Muckdogs">Batavia Muckdogs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley_Renegades" title="Hudson Valley Renegades">Hudson Valley Renegades</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bisons" title="Buffalo Bisons">Buffalo Bisons</a> upstate. New York is home to three <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> franchises: the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a> in Nassau County on Long Island, and the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> in Buffalo. New York has two <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> teams, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Knicks" title="New York Knicks">New York Knicks</a> in Manhattan, and the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Nets" title="Brooklyn Nets">Brooklyn Nets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Liberty" title="New York Liberty">New York Liberty</a>, also based in Brooklyn. New York is the home of a <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> franchise, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_FC" title="New York City FC">New York City FC</a>, currently playing in the Bronx, though they are planning to build a new <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_FC_stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City FC stadium">stadium</a> in Queens. Although the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls" title="New York Red Bulls">New York Red Bulls</a> represent the New York City metropolitan area, they play in <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Arena_(New_Jersey)" title="Red Bull Arena (New Jersey)">Red Bull Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harrison,_New_Jersey" title="Harrison, New Jersey">Harrison, New Jersey</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Wilson_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ralph_Wilson_Stadium.jpg/220px-Ralph_Wilson_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ralph_Wilson_Stadium.jpg/330px-Ralph_Wilson_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ralph_Wilson_Stadium.jpg/440px-Ralph_Wilson_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Highmark_Stadium_(New_York)" title="Highmark Stadium (New York)">Highmark Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orchard_Park_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchard Park (town), New York">Orchard Park</a></figcaption></figure> New York hosted the <a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932</a> and <a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Winter Olympics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</a>. The 1980 Games are known for the USA–USSR <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> match dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_Ice" title="Miracle on Ice">Miracle on Ice</a>", in which a group of American college students and amateurs defeated the heavily favored Soviet national ice hockey team 4–3 and went on to win the gold medal against <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, Lake Placid is one of the three cities to have hosted the Winter Olympic Games twice. New York City <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_bid_for_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics">bid</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> but lost to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. The annual <a href="/wiki/US_Open_(tennis)" title="US Open (tennis)">United States Open Tennis Championships</a> is one of the world's four <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a> tennis tournaments and is held at the <a href="/wiki/USTA_National_Tennis_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="USTA National Tennis Center">National Tennis Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows–Corona Park</a> in Queens.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Stakes" title="Belmont Stakes">Belmont Stakes</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Thoroughbred_Racing_(United_States)" title="Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)">Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing</a>, is held at <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Park" title="Belmont Park">Belmont Park</a> in Nassau County on Long Island. Several U.S. national sports halls of fame are or have been situated in New York. The <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Cooperstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperstown">Cooperstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otsego_County,_New_York" title="Otsego County, New York">Otsego County</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Racing_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame">National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Springs,_New_York" title="Saratoga Springs, New York">Saratoga Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga County</a>, honors achievements in the sport of <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred_horse_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoroughbred horse racing">thoroughbred horse racing</a>. The physical facility of the <a href="/wiki/National_Soccer_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Soccer Hall of Fame">National Soccer Hall of Fame</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oneonta,_New_York" title="Oneonta, New York">Oneonta</a>, also in Otsego County, closed in 2010, although the organization itself has continued inductions. The state of New York is also home to many intercollegiate division 1 sports programs. The <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a>'s flagship <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">University at Buffalo</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bulls" title="Buffalo Bulls">Buffalo Bulls</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a>'s intercollegiate teams are the <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Orange" title="Syracuse Orange">Syracuse Orange</a>. New York's strong sports background has influenced local industries such as <a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">sports betting</a> as well. Due to the high volume of residents, tourists, and sports to bet on, New York became the first state to take in over $2 billion in sports bets in a single month.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">New York (state) major league professional sports teams </th></tr> <tr> <th>Club </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>League </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bills" title="Buffalo Bills">Buffalo Bills</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Nets" title="Brooklyn Nets">Brooklyn Nets</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Knicks" title="New York Knicks">New York Knicks</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Liberty" title="New York Liberty">New York Liberty</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_FC" title="New York City FC">New York City FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_(state)" title="Portal:New York (state)">New York (state) portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_(state)-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of New York (state)-related articles">Index of New York (state)-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_York_(state)" title="Outline of New York (state)">Outline of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_area_codes" title="List of New York area codes">List of New York area codes</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NAVD88-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_5-1">b</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> To distinguish it from its largest city, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The other Mid-Atlantic states of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> are to its south. The New England states of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> are also to its east, and it shares a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime border">maritime border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>. The Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> is to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> to the northwest. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090524061808/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/motto.htm">"New York State Motto"</a>. New York State Library. January 29, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/motto.htm">the original</a> on May 24, 2009. Retrieved November 16, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+State+Motto&rft.pub=New+York+State+Library&rft.date=2001-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysl.nysed.gov%2Femblems%2Fmotto.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-area-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-area_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-area_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-area_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-area_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/how-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects">"How Wet is Your State? The Water Area of Each State | U.S. Geological Survey"</a>. www.usgs.gov. Retrieved October 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usgs.gov&rft.atitle=How+Wet+is+Your+State%3F+The+Water+Area+of+Each+State+%26%23124%3B+U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usgs.gov%2Fspecial-topic%2Fwater-science-school%2Fscience%2Fhow-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state%3Fqt-science_center_objects%3D0%23qt-science_center_objects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=PG2096">"Marcy"</a>. NGS Data Sheet. <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">National Geodetic Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. Retrieved October 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NGS+Data+Sheet&rft.atitle=Marcy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngs.noaa.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fds_mark.prl%3FPidBox%3DPG2096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201060818/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">"Elevations and Distances in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">the original</a> on February 1, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevations+and+Distances+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegsc.usgs.gov%2Fisb%2Fpubs%2Fbooklets%2Felvadist%2Felvadist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopHousingEst-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PopHousingEst_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopHousingEst_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopHousingEst_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopHousingEst_6-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/geo/chart/ID/PST045222">"US Census Quickfacts, Population Estimates, July 1 2023"</a>. Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426202412/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/apportionment/population-change-data-table.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Quickfacts%2C+Population+Estimates%2C+July+1+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Fgeo%2Fchart%2FID%2FPST045222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NY/INC110220">"US Census Bureau QuickFacts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved May 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2FNY%2FINC110220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213005827/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B16001/0400000US36">"Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over—2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B16001/0400000US36">the original</a> on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language+spoken+at+home+by+ability+to+speak+English+for+the+population+5+years+and+over%E2%80%942014+American+Community+Survey+1-Year+Estimates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F14_1YR%2FB16001%2F0400000US36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091009143739/http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm">"World's Largest Urban Areas [Ranked by Urban Area Population]"</a>. Rhett Butler. 2003–2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm">the original</a> on October 9, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+Largest+Urban+Areas+%5BRanked+by+Urban+Area+Population%5D&rft.pub=Rhett+Butler&rft.date=2003%2F2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mongabay.com%2Fcities_urban_01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308082544/https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/world_cities/largest_cities-world.htm">"Top 100 World Metropolitan Areas Ranked by Population"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch College</a> of the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/world_cities/largest_cities-world.htm">the original</a> on March 8, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baruch+College+of+the+City+University+of+New+York&rft.atitle=Top+100+World+Metropolitan+Areas+Ranked+by+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baruch.cuny.edu%2Fnycdata%2Fworld_cities%2Flargest_cities-world.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zumbusch-2014-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zumbusch-2014_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zumbusch-2014_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZumbuschFaust2014" class="citation book cs1">Zumbusch, Amelie von; Faust, Daniel R. 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Retrieved August 2, 2014 – via <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York%2C+Culture+Capital+of+the+World%2C+1940%E2%80%931965+%2F+edited+by+Leonard+Wallock%3B+essays+by+Dore+Ashton+...+%5Bet+al.%5D&rft.pub=Rizzoli&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780847809905&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.nla.gov.au%2FRecord%2F371497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/top-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8">"Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S."</a> Business Insider, Inc. July 31, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2015. <q>For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+8+Cities+by+GDP%3A+China+vs.+The+U.S.&rft.pub=Business+Insider%2C+Inc&rft.date=2011-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftop-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327052843/http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2/">"PAL sets introductory fares to New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Airlines" title="Philippine Airlines">Philippine Airlines</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2/">the original</a> on March 27, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PAL+sets+introductory+fares+to+New+York&rft.pub=Philippine+Airlines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philippineairlines.com%2Fnews-and-events%2Fpal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCDominantFinancialCenter-33"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCDominantFinancialCenter_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2020" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Huw (January 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-banks/new-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE">"New York surges ahead of Brexit-shadowed London in finance: survey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113042757/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-banks/new-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2020. <q>New York remains the world's top financial center, pushing London further into second place as Brexit uncertainty undermines the UK capital and Asian centers catch up, a survey from consultants Duff & Phelps said on Monday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+surges+ahead+of+Brexit-shadowed+London+in+finance%3A+survey&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-survey-banks%2Fnew-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkFinancialCapitalWorld-34"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkFinancialCapitalWorld_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-32-explore-the-data/gfci-32-rank/">"The Global Financial Centres Index 32"</a>. Long Finance. September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Financial+Centres+Index+32&rft.pub=Long+Finance&rft.date=2022-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fprogrammes%2Ffinancial-centre-futures%2Fglobal-financial-centres-index%2Fgfci-32-explore-the-data%2Fgfci-32-rank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter2015" class="citation web cs1">Richter, Felix (March 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/chart/3299/new-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital/">"New York Is The World's Media Capital"</a>. Statista. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121052653/https://www.statista.com/chart/3299/new-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital/">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Is+The+World%27s+Media+Capital&rft.pub=Statista&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fchart%2F3299%2Fnew-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnnis2017" class="citation web cs1">Ennis, Dawn (May 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/">"ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time"</a>. LGBTQ Nation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124221230/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABC+will+broadcast+New+York%27s+pride+parade+live+for+the+first+time&rft.pub=LGBTQ+Nation&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.aulast=Ennis&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbtqnation.com%2F2017%2F05%2Ffirst-nyc-pridefest-will-televised%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld-37"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Robb_Ellis2004" class="citation book cs1">Edward Robb Ellis (December 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sx3RDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA594">The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History</a>. Basic Books. p. 593. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786714360" title="Special:BookSources/9780786714360"><bdi>9780786714360</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epic+of+New+York+City%3A+A+Narrative+History&rft.pages=593&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2004-12-21&rft.isbn=9780786714360&rft.au=Edward+Robb+Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSx3RDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2-38"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2017" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Sam (September 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/14/nyregion/when-the-world-called-for-a-capital.html">"When the World Called for a Capital"</a>. The New York Times. 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Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+True+Native+New+Yorkers+Can+Never+Truly+Reclaim+Their+Homeland&rft.date=2018-10-05&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Ftrue-native-new-yorkers-can-never-truly-reclaim-their-homeland-180970472%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/environmental_center/sunbury/website/HistoryofSusquehannockIndians.shtml">"Susquehannock Indians"</a>. Bucknell University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815172243/http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/environmental_center/sunbury/website/HistoryofSusquehannockIndians.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bucknell+University&rft.atitle=Susquehannock+Indians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fenvironmental_center%2Fsunbury%2Fwebsite%2FHistoryofSusquehannockIndians.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/erie-tribe.htm">"Erie Tribe"</a>. Access Genealogy. July 9, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920135221/https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/erie-tribe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Access+Genealogy&rft.atitle=Erie+Tribe&rft.date=2011-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessgenealogy.com%2Fnative%2Ferie-tribe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles" class="citation web cs1">Charles, Garrad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wyandot.org/rb10.htm">"'Petun' and the Petuns"</a>. Wyandot Nation of Kansas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720081044/http://www.wyandot.org/rb10.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wyandot+Nation+of+Kansas&rft.atitle=%27Petun%27+and+the+Petuns&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Garrad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wyandot.org%2Frb10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/mahican-tribe.htm">"Mahican Tribe"</a>. Access Genealogy. July 9, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128112447/https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/mahican-tribe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Access+Genealogy&rft.atitle=Mahican+Tribe&rft.date=2011-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessgenealogy.com%2Fnative%2Fmahican-tribe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/king-philips-war">"King Philip's War—Native American History"</a>. History. November 13, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101032715/https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/king-philips-war">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=King+Philip%27s+War%E2%80%94Native+American+History&rft.date=2019-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fnative-american-history%2Fking-philips-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> John Heckewelder (Loskiel): Conoys, Ganawese, etc. explains Charles A. Hanna (Vol II, 1911:96, Ganeiens-gaa, Margry, i., 529; ii., 142–43,) using La Salle's letter of August 22, 1681, Fort Saint Louis (Illinois) mentioning "Ohio tribes" for extrapolation. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Hanna 1911:158 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinfield2012" class="citation web cs1">Winfield, Nicole (October 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125024426/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna49485707">"Boy's miracle cure makes 'Lily of the Mohawks' first Native American saint"</a>. NBC News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna49485707">the original</a> on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021. <q>Known as the "Lily of the Mohawks," Kateri was born in 1656 to a pagan Iroquois father and an Algonquin Christian mother in what is today upstate New York. Her parents and only brother died when she was 4 during a smallpox epidemic that left her badly scarred and with impaired eyesight. She went to live with her uncle, a Mohawk, and was baptized Catholic by Jesuit missionaries. But she was ostracized and persecuted by other natives for her faith, and she died in Canada when she was 24.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Boy%27s+miracle+cure+makes+%27Lily+of+the+Mohawks%27+first+Native+American+saint&rft.date=2012-10-20&rft.aulast=Winfield&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna49485707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrottMarshall2006" class="citation web cs1">Parrott, Zach; Marshall, Tabitha (February 7, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/iroquois-wars">"Iroquois Wars"</a>. 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Retrieved June 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Democrat+and+Chronicle&rft.atitle=10+things+to+know+about+New+York%27s+new+%24177B+budget+deal&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.democratandchronicle.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Falbany%2F2020%2F04%2F03%2Fnew-york-approves-budget-10-things-know%2F2939086001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://highlandscurrent.org/2020/10/03/how-they-voted-8/">"How They Voted"</a>. The Highlands Current. 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Retrieved July 19, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=2006+Election+Overview%3A+Top+Zip+codes&rft.date=2005-05-16&rft.au=Opensecrets.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Fbigpicture%2Ftopzips.asp%3Fcycle%3D2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy" class="citation news cs1">Roy, Yancey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsday.com/news/region-state/clinton-vs-trump-2-presidential-candidates-from-one-state-1.11675337">"Clinton vs. Trump: 2 presidential candidates from one state"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a>. Retrieved September 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=Clinton+vs.+Trump%3A+2+presidential+candidates+from+one+state&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Yancey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fnews%2Fregion-state%2Fclinton-vs-trump-2-presidential-candidates-from-one-state-1.11675337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150616080757/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml">"NYC Mayor's Office for International Affairs"</a>. The City of New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml">the original</a> on June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYC+Mayor%27s+Office+for+International+Affairs&rft.pub=The+City+of+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fia%2Fhtml%2Fhome%2Fhome.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usopen.org/">"US Open 2015"</a>. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved July 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Open+2015&rft.pub=United+States+Tennis+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usopen.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelley2023" class="citation web cs1">Kelley, Zachary (November 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legalsportsbetting.com/news/new-york-becomes-first-state-with-2b-betting-handle-in-oct-11-13-2023/">"New York Becomes First State With $2B Monthly Betting Handle"</a>. LegalSportsBetting.com. Retrieved November 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegalSportsBetting.com&rft.atitle=New+York+Becomes+First+State+With+%242B+Monthly+Betting+Handle&rft.date=2023-11-13&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legalsportsbetting.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-york-becomes-first-state-with-2b-betting-handle-in-oct-11-13-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of New York (state)">Bibliography of New York (state)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench1860" class="citation book cs1">French, John Homer (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_R_zHwh4xByQC">Historical and statistical gazetteer of New York State</a>. Syracuse, New York: R. Pearsall Smith. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/224691273">224691273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+and+statistical+gazetteer+of+New+York+State&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+New+York&rft.pub=R.+Pearsall+Smith&rft.date=1860&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F224691273&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=John+Homer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_R_zHwh4xByQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> (Full text via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_State_Historical_Association1940" class="citation book cs1">New York State Historical Association (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TmbOZd4D-ccC">New York: A Guide to the Empire State</a>. New York City: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60354-031-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60354-031-5"><bdi>978-1-60354-031-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/504264143">504264143</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Empire+State&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F504264143&rft.isbn=978-1-60354-031-5&rft.au=New+York+State+Historical+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTmbOZd4D-ccC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"> (Full text via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/newyork/">New York State Guide, from the Library of Congress</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/61320">New York (state)</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <style 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_York_(state)" title="Outline of New York (state)">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_(state)%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of New York (state)–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of airports in New York (state)">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of New York (state)">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_York_(state)" title="Climate change in New York (state)">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_(state)" title="Crime in New York (state)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Demographics of New York (state)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_(state)" title="Economy of New York (state)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_(state)" title="Education in New York (state)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_(state)" title="Geography of New York (state)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_New_York" title="Gun laws in New York">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_York_(state)" title="Healthcare in New York (state)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_York" title="Homelessness in New York">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New York (state)">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of museums in New York (state)">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_(state)" title="Music of New York (state)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_State" title="Empire State">Nickname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_parks" title="List of New York state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_(state)" title="List of people from New York (state)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_York_(state)" title="Sports in New York (state)">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_symbols" title="List of New York state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_(state)" title="Transportation in New York (state)">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Tourist attractions in New York (state)">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_York" title="Abortion in New York">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_congressional_districts" title="New York's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_York" title="Constitution of New York">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_York" title="United States congressional delegations from New York">Delegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_(state)" title="Government of New York (state)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_York_(state)" title="Law of New York (state)">Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York_Region" title="Central New York Region">Central Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Champlain Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">Tri-State area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelps_and_Gorham_Purchase" title="Phelps and Gorham Purchase">Holland Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Highlands" title="Hudson Highlands">Hudson Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohawk Valley region">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Frontier" title="Niagara Frontier">Niagara Frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge and Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawangunk_Ridge" title="Shawangunk Ridge">Shawangunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_country" title="Ski country">Ski country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southtowns" title="Southtowns">Southtowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_Valley" title="Tech Valley">Tech Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Islands" title="Thousand Islands">Thousand Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_Hill" title="Tug Hill">Tug Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_statistical_areas" title="New York statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> / <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a> / <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York" title="Binghamton, New York">Binghamton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmira,_New_York" title="Elmira, New York">Elmira</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corning_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Corning (city), New York">Corning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glens_Falls,_New_York" title="Glens Falls, New York">Glens Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York" title="Jamestown, New York">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_New_York" title="Watertown, New York">Watertown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegany_County,_New_York" title="Allegany County, New York">Allegany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome_County,_New_York" title="Broome County, New York">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattaraugus_County,_New_York" title="Cattaraugus County, New York">Cattaraugus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York" title="Chautauqua County, New York">Chautauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemung_County,_New_York" title="Chemung County, New York">Chemung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenango_County,_New_York" title="Chenango County, New York">Chenango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_New_York" title="Clinton County, New York">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_New_York" title="Columbia County, New York">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortland_County,_New_York" title="Cortland County, New York">Cortland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_New_York" title="Delaware County, New York">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York" title="Erie County, New York">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_York" title="Essex County, New York">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_New_York" title="Franklin County, New York">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_New_York" title="Fulton County, New York">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_New_York" title="Genesee County, New York">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_New_York" title="Greene County, New York">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_New_York" title="Hamilton County, New York">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_New_York" title="Jefferson County, New York">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_New_York" title="Lewis County, New York">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_New_York" title="Livingston County, New York">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_New_York" title="Madison County, New York">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_New_York" title="Montgomery County, New York">Montgomery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tryon_County,_New_York" title="Tryon County, New York">Tryon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_County,_New_York" title="Niagara County, New York">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York" title="Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_County,_New_York" title="Ontario County, New York">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_County,_New_York" title="Orleans County, New York">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York" title="Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otsego_County,_New_York" title="Otsego County, New York">Otsego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York">Saint Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_County,_New_York" title="Schoharie County, New York">Schoharie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_County,_New_York" title="Schuyler County, New York">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_County,_New_York" title="Seneca County, New York">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steuben_County,_New_York" title="Steuben County, New York">Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_New_York" title="Sullivan County, New York">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioga_County,_New_York" title="Tioga County, New York">Tioga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_County,_New_York" title="Tompkins County, New York">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_York" title="Warren County, New York">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_New_York" title="Washington County, New York">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Province_of_New_York" title="Charlotte County, Province of New York">Charlotte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_New_York" title="Wayne County, New York">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_County,_New_York" title="Wyoming County, New York">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yates_County,_New_York" title="Yates County, New York">Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in New York">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York (state)">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaerswyck" title="Rensselaerswyck">Rensselaerswyck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="History of slavery in New York">History of slavery in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Canada_(1775)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Canada (1775)">Invasion of Canada (1775)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_cessions" title="State cessions">State cessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_(state)" title="Portal:New York (state)">New York (state) portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northeastern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_US" title="Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_US" title="Template talk:Northeast US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northeastern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Culture" title="Northeastern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Geography" title="Northeastern United States">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Elections" title="Northeastern United States">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#History" title="Northeastern United States">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thirteen_Colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template talk:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thirteen_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Colonies" title="Middle Colonies">Middle Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Colonies" title="Chesapeake Colonies">Chesapeake Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_colonies" title="Tobacco colonies">Tobacco Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Colonies" title="Southern Colonies">Southern Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> (1607–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> (1632–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (1664–1673; 1702–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> (1681–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> (1691–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> (1732–1776)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Other British colonial entities in the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke</a> (1585–1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popham_Colony" title="Popham Colony">Popham</a> (1607–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> (1607–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a> (1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> (1620–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maine" title="Province of Maine">Maine</a> (1622–1658)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> (1625–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolana" title="Carolana">Carolana</a> (1629–1663)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> (1629–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> (1635–1644)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> (1638–1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a> (1643–1654; 1675–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1680)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> (1663–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> (1670–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> (1670–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> (1686–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(Maine)" title="New Ireland (Maine)">New Ireland</a> (1779–1783; 1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a> (1810–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> (1811–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen Territories</a> (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">Colony of British Columbia</a> (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island</a> (1866–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">Province of British Columbia</a> (1871–1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian Viceroyalty</a> (1492–1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> <ul><li>1521–1821; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>, 1565–1763</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a>, 1565–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Captaincy General of Puerto Rico</a>, 1580–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</a>, 1607–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Spanish Saint Croix</a>, 1650–1651</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1767–1804</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">Spanish East Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Spanish West Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> <ul><li>1534–1763; <a href="/wiki/French_Florida" title="French Florida">French Florida</a>, 1562–1565</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Hospitaller Saint Croix</a>, 1651–1665</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies#Former_French_West_Indian_islands" title="French West Indies">French Saint Croix</a>, 1665–1733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a>, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> (1614–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Dutch Virgin Islands</a> (1625–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (1638–1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a> (1672–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">Brandenburger Saint Thomas</a> (1685–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Krabbeninsel</a> (1689–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Scottish Darien Company</a> (1698)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a> (1799–1867)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Related Documents</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_Concerning_Western_Planting" title="Discourse Concerning Western Planting">Discourse Concerning Western Planting</a> (1584)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> (1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation">Mourt's Relation</a> (1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Plymouth_Plantation" title="Of Plymouth Plantation">Of Plymouth Plantation</a> (1630–1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> (1638)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintipartite_Deed" title="Quintipartite Deed">Quintipartite Deed</a> (1676)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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