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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Note: this article is one of a set, describing coronations around the world.</i></dd> <dd><i>For general information related to all coronations, please see the umbrella article <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coroa%C3%A7ao_pedro_I_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coroa%C3%A7ao_pedro_I_001.jpg/300px-Coroa%C3%A7ao_pedro_I_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coroa%C3%A7ao_pedro_I_001.jpg/450px-Coroa%C3%A7ao_pedro_I_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coroa%C3%A7ao_pedro_I_001.jpg/600px-Coroa%C3%A7ao_pedro_I_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2718" data-file-height="1586" /></a><figcaption>Coronation ceremony of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Brazil">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I of Brazil</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Coronations in the Americas</b> were previously held by multiple countries on both continents, with the majority occurring in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>. They were held by endemic <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Monarchy">constitutional monarchies</a> with their own resident monarch. There are no longer any endemic American monarchies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronations_in_the_Americas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronations_in_the_Americas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Emperor_of_Brazil" title="Coronation of the Emperor of Brazil">Coronation of the Emperor of Brazil</a></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_D._Pedro_II_na_abertura_da_Assembl%C3%A9ia_Geral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_D._Pedro_II_na_abertura_da_Assembl%C3%A9ia_Geral.jpg/200px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_D._Pedro_II_na_abertura_da_Assembl%C3%A9ia_Geral.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_D._Pedro_II_na_abertura_da_Assembl%C3%A9ia_Geral.jpg/300px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_D._Pedro_II_na_abertura_da_Assembl%C3%A9ia_Geral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_D._Pedro_II_na_abertura_da_Assembl%C3%A9ia_Geral.jpg/400px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_D._Pedro_II_na_abertura_da_Assembl%C3%A9ia_Geral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2531" data-file-height="3844" /></a><figcaption>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II of Brazil</a></figcaption></figure><p>Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Brazil">emperors</a>, of which there were two (<a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II</a>), were crowned with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Brazil" title="Imperial Crown of Brazil">Imperial Crown of Brazil</a> in a Catholic <a href="/wiki/Coronation_Mass" title="Coronation Mass">Coronation Mass</a>. The constitution required the monarch to have reached their eighteenth birthday before the ceremony could take place. Brazil abolished its monarchy in 1889. Pedro I was crowned on 1 December 1822 and Pedro II was crowned on 18 July 1841. Both ceremonies were held in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Cathedral_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Old Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro">Old Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro</a>, which served as the Court's Imperial Chapel. </p><p>The coronation of Pedro I was presided over by the then Bishop of Rio de Janeiro and Major Chaplain of the Imperial Chapel. The coronation of Pedro II was presided over by the then Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia and Primate of Brazil. Pedro II's coronation was a lavish event. In both ceremonies, the coronation rite prescribed in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a> of Pope Benedict XIV, then in force, was used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haiti">Haiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronations_in_the_Americas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Haiti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Dessalines" title="Jean-Jacques Dessalines">Jean-Jacques Dessalines</a>, one of the founding fathers of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, proclaimed himself Emperor Jacques I of Haiti soon after its <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Haitian Declaration of Independence">independence</a>, establishing the <a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First Empire of Haiti</a>. He was crowned on 6 October 1804 in <a href="/wiki/Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien" title="Cap-Haïtien">Le Cap</a> but was assassinated two years later. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">Kingdom of Haiti</a> was established in 1811 by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Christophe" title="Henri Christophe">Henri Christophe</a>, another leader in the Haitian independence struggle. He was crowned King Henry I of Haiti on 2 June 1811, in a lavish ritual presided over by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Joseph_Brelle" title="Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Brelle">Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Brelle</a> of Milot, but committed suicide in 1820. <a href="/wiki/Faustin_Soulouque" title="Faustin Soulouque">Faustin Soulouque</a> proclaimed himself to be Emperor Faustin I of Haiti in 1849; he was crowned in an extremely elaborate ceremony held in <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a> on 18 April 1852 but was forced to abdicate in 1859, bringing the <a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second Empire of Haiti</a> to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronations_in_the_Americas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second Mexican Empire</a></div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-Large_Portrait_of_Maximiliano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/X-Large_Portrait_of_Maximiliano.jpg/200px-X-Large_Portrait_of_Maximiliano.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/X-Large_Portrait_of_Maximiliano.jpg/300px-X-Large_Portrait_of_Maximiliano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/X-Large_Portrait_of_Maximiliano.jpg/400px-X-Large_Portrait_of_Maximiliano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1885" data-file-height="2569" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian I of Mexico</a> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gr%C3%A4fle" title="Albert Gräfle">Albert Gräfle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapultepec_Castle" title="Chapultepec Castle">Chapultepec Castle</a>, Mexico City.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mexico has twice been a monarchy ruled by a <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Mexico" title="Emperor of Mexico">Mexican emperor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Iturbide" title="Agustín de Iturbide">Agustín I</a> ruled from 1822 to 1823 after <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(Mexico)" title="Declaration of Independence (Mexico)">the Mexican empire's independence from Spain</a>; he was crowned in a lavish ceremony on 21 July 1822 at the <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral">Catedral Metropolitana de Mexico</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, placing the diadem on his own head in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon I">Napoléon I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agustín I was overthrown in March 1823, and the <a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Mexico" title="Monarchism in Mexico">Mexican</a> monarchy abolished. </p><p>Mexico's second monarch was <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian I</a>, a Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">archduke</a> who was a descendant of the Spanish monarch <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I and V</a>, under which <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (Mexico) was formed. He was persuaded to take the newly revived <a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexican throne</a> in 1864 by Mexican monarchists and <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon III of France">Napoléon III of France</a> (whose troops, in conjunction with Mexican conservatives and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_nobility" title="Mexican nobility">nobility</a>, had instituted it). His consort was Charlotte of Belgium, or <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Belgium" title="Charlotte of Belgium">Empress Carlota of Mexico</a>. The second <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Mexico" title="Imperial Crown of Mexico">Imperial Crown of Mexico</a> and a matching scepter were manufactured for their coronation at the Catedral Metropolitana in Mexico City amid several celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Second Mexican Empire lasted for over three years. Maximilian was defeated by Republican forces led by Mexican President <a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a> and aided by the U.S. He was <a href="/wiki/Regicide" title="Regicide">executed</a> in 1867, along with two of his top Mexican generals, bringing the empire to an end. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronations_in_the_Americas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Strang" title="James Strang">James Strang</a>, a would-be successor to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, in the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a> from 1844 to 1856, openly established an ecclesiastical monarchy on <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Island_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)">Beaver Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, in 1850. On 8 July of that year, he staged an elaborate coronation ceremony complete with a throne, wooden sceptre, breastplate and a crown described by one observer as "a shiny metal ring with a cluster of glass stars in the front".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "King Strang" reigned over his followers until 16 June 1856, when he was assassinated by two disgruntled subjects. His people were driven from the island, and Strang's 'kingdom'—together with most of his royal regalia—vanished.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For coronations in the pre-annexation <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Oceania" title="Coronations in Oceania">Coronations in Oceania</a>. </p><p>Some observers compare the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration" title="United States presidential inauguration">American presidential inauguration</a> to a coronation,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the American constitutional requirement for a <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Oath of office of the president of the United States">presidential oath</a> congruent to the oaths required of the world's monarchs. Some historians and comparative government experts indicate that the former stems directly from the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pomp and pageantry of the modern event is comparable in some ways to monarchical coronations.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronations_in_the_Americas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080803022400/http://homepage.mac.com/stlazare/Haiti/Haiti%20Main.html">"Haiti Main"</a>. Homepage.mac.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.mac.com/stlazare/Haiti/Haiti%20Main.html">the original</a> on August 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haiti+Main&rft.pub=Homepage.mac.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.mac.com%2Fstlazare%2FHaiti%2FHaiti%2520Main.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronations+in+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040411084151/http://www.casaimperial.org/augustin.htm">"casa imperial de Mexico"</a>. Casaimperial.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casaimperial.org/augustin.htm">the original</a> on 2004-04-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=casa+imperial+de+Mexico&rft.pub=Casaimperial.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.casaimperial.org%2Faugustin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronations+in+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris_Chynoweth1872" class="citation web cs1">Harris Chynoweth, W. (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cy0q2DvJ10AC&dq=maximilian+arrival+mexico+city+warm&pg=PR14">"The Fall of Maximilian, Late Emperor of Mexico: With a Historical Introduction, the Events Immediately Preceding His Acceptance of the Crown"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+Maximilian%2C+Late+Emperor+of+Mexico%3A+With+a+Historical+Introduction%2C+the+Events+Immediately+Preceding+His+Acceptance+of+the+Crown&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Harris+Chynoweth&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCy0q2DvJ10AC%26dq%3Dmaximilian%2Barrival%2Bmexico%2Bcity%2Bwarm%26pg%3DPR14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronations+in+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler, John Wesley (1918). History of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Mexico. University of Texas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, Reau (1907). Campbell's New Revised Complete Guide and Descriptive Book of Mexico. Rogers & Smith Company. Pg.38 .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Putman, William Lowell (2001) Arctic Superstars. Light Technology Publishing, LLC. Pg.XVII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122436/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1970/4/1970_4_4.shtml">"AmericanHeritage.com / For His Was the Kingdom, and the Power, and the Glory ... Briefly"</a>. Americanheritage.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1970/4/1970_4_4.shtml">the original</a> on 2007-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AmericanHeritage.com+%2F+For+His+Was+the+Kingdom%2C+and+the+Power%2C+and+the+Glory+...+Briefly&rft.pub=Americanheritage.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fah%2F1970%2F4%2F1970_4_4.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronations+in+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strang's scepter is preserved in the Archives vault of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Christ" title="Community of Christ">Community of Christ</a> church in Independence, Missouri. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bycommonconsent.com/2011/04/21/cemetourism-alpheus-cutler-1784%e2%80%931864/">Cemetourism: Alpheus Cutler</a>, in the paragraph about Alpheus Cutler's sword, which mentions Strang's scepter as being kept with it in the CofC vault.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Harri_in_New_York2005" class="citation news cs1">Paul Harri in New York (2005-01-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/09/usa.theobserver">"Bush 'the king' blows $50m on coronation | World news | The Observer"</a>. London: The Observer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bush+%27the+king%27+blows+%2450m+on+coronation+%26%23124%3B+World+news+%26%23124%3B+The+Observer&rft.date=2005-01-09&rft.au=Paul+Harri+in+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fjan%2F09%2Fusa.theobserver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronations+in+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/inauguration/lesson_constitution.html">"Online NewsHour: Inauguration 2001: The Inauguration and the Constitution"</a>. Pbs.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+NewsHour%3A+Inauguration+2001%3A+The+Inauguration+and+the+Constitution&rft.pub=Pbs.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Finauguration%2Flesson_constitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronations+in+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Stengel2001" class="citation news cs1">Richard Stengel (January 12, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113204711/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,94983,00.html?iid=chix-sphere">"Inauguration or Coronation?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,94983,00.html?iid=chix-sphere">the original</a> on January 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coronation" title="Template:Coronation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coronation" title="Template talk:Coronation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coronation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coronation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coronation_and_enthronement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">enthronement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">Regalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_crown" title="Coronation crown">Coronation crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_jewels" title="Crown jewels">Crown jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">Diadem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armill" title="Armill">Armill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger"><i>Globus cruciger</i> (orb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">Sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">Mantle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Items</li><li>rituals</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">Enthronement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">Investiture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Africa" title="Coronations in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Asia" title="Coronations in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Europe" title="Coronations in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Oceania" title="Coronations in Oceania">Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific customs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_antiquity" title="Coronations in antiquity">Antiquity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Ancient Egyptian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Bohemian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Bohemian monarch">Bohemian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Emperor_of_Brazil" title="Coronation of the Emperor of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Bulgarian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Bulgarian monarch">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Burmese_monarch" title="Coronation of the Burmese monarch">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Byzantine_emperor" title="Coronation of the Byzantine emperor">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Bokassa_I_and_Catherine" title="Coronation of Bokassa I and Catherine">Central African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Danish_monarch" title="Coronation of the Danish monarch">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_the_Dutch_monarch" title="Inauguration of the Dutch monarch">Dutch</a></li> <li>French <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch" title="Coronation of the French monarch">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon_and_Jos%C3%A9phine" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Napoleon and Joséphine">Napoleon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Hungarian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Hungarian monarch">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81jy%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Rājyābhiṣeka">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthronement_of_the_Japanese_emperor" title="Enthronement of the Japanese emperor">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" title="Installation of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Nepalese_monarch" title="Coronation of the Nepalese monarch">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Norway" title="Coronations in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Osman" title="Sword of Osman">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Papal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Poland" title="Coronations in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Russian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Russian monarch">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Serbian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Serbian monarch">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Swedish_monarch" title="Coronation of the Swedish monarch">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Thai_monarch" title="Coronation of the Thai monarch">Thai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Pretender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_former_ruling_families" title="List of heads of former ruling families">List of current</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papabile" title="Papabile">Papabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_anthem" title="Coronation anthem">Coronation anthem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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