CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"0f5eb1c6ac",applicationID:"373590574"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/SNS_favicon-186x186.png" /> <script class="sciencenews-class-mappings" type="text/javascript">window.sciencenewsClassnames = {"topics-menu":[],"collections":[],"single-magazine":[],"admin":[],"ab-test":[],"cta-module":[],"river-no-sidebar":{"wrapper":"river-no-sidebar__wrapper___xMDSZ"},"article":[],"video-player":[],"ad-block-sticky-sidebar":{"wrapper":"ad-block-sticky-sidebar__wrapper___nlejp"},"ad-block-default":{"wrapper":"ad-block-default__wrapper___--3RJ"},"ad-block-sidebar":{"wrapper":"ad-block-sidebar__wrapper___XKIP3","adspeed":"ad-block-sidebar__adspeed___Mk7In","freestar":"ad-block-sidebar__freestar___PPz-S"},"_pdf-embed":[],"tableau":[],"form-assembly-form":[],"ad-block-single-footer":{"wrapper":"ad-block-single-footer__wrapper___pBUbg","adspeed":"ad-block-single-footer__adspeed___seyRf","freestar":"ad-block-single-footer__freestar___5StcI"},"ad-block-leaderboard":{"wrapper":"ad-block-leaderboard__wrapper___NTtpb","adspeed":"ad-block-leaderboard__adspeed___g-g7h","freestar":"ad-block-leaderboard__freestar___Hhn0g"},"ad-block-flex":{"wrapper":"ad-block-flex__wrapper___V6hm9","adspeed":"ad-block-flex__adspeed___St8qm","freestar":"ad-block-flex__freestar___qP6rp"},"fonts":[],"term-feature":{"wrapper":"term-feature__wrapper___sxFVS","container":"term-feature__container___W8nyU","hasDivider":"term-feature__has-divider___KzWNG","secondary":"term-feature__secondary___HoO87"},"archive-year-nav":{"wrapper":"archive-year-nav__wrapper___mVfZY","years":"archive-year-nav__years___cmUie","year":"archive-year-nav__year___d0LrQ"},"jump-to-year":{"wrapper":"jump-to-year__wrapper___yQBlf","input":"jump-to-year__input___H54s3"},"single":{"wrapper":"single__wrapper___ZVdAe","withSidebar":"single__with-sidebar___1KvLC","body":"single__body___N62Sv","bylineContainer":"single__byline-container___G2sbj","bylineWrapper":"single__byline-wrapper___netIr","content":"single__content___jOVhr","richText":"single__rich-text___DT62t","sidebar":"single__sidebar___rym4J","footer":"single__footer___-nbWC"},"river-with-sidebar":{"more":"river-with-sidebar__more___OC125","content":"river-with-sidebar__content___zzBOf","heading":"river-with-sidebar__heading___yKlxS","list":"river-with-sidebar__list___dppEq","sidebar":"river-with-sidebar__sidebar___6EMxN"},"topics-river":{"wrapper":"topics-river__wrapper___5vAnj","heading":"topics-river__heading___kIWVv","container":"topics-river__container___N9sbX"},"page-header":{"wrapper":"page-header__wrapper___nhAcF","container":"page-header__container___974Y-","heading":"page-header__heading___qZRCW","termDescription":"page-header__term-description___7fISZ"},"more-on-topic":{"wrapper":"more-on-topic__wrapper___HBqCh","heading":"more-on-topic__heading___r338T"},"widget-post-list":[],"lightbox":[],"column-byline-bio":{"wrapper":"column-byline-bio__wrapper___l9K3g","figure":"column-byline-bio__figure___UJSed","thumbnail":"column-byline-bio__thumbnail___DJC7Z","content":"column-byline-bio__content___Z6txA","header":"column-byline-bio__header___vbiVv","heading":"column-byline-bio__heading___lSYlZ","contact":"column-byline-bio__contact___gmtXK","bio":"column-byline-bio__bio___n6buG"},"modal-signup":[],"cookie-banner":{"wrapper":"cookie-banner__wrapper___KYCqu","content":"cookie-banner__content___z4dHD","button":"cookie-banner__button___js302"},"pagination":{"wrapper":"pagination__wrapper___lMMmw"},"archive-header":{"wrapper":"archive-header__wrapper___75gkC","content":"archive-header__content___nw-3q","title":"archive-header__title___A6-EE","breadcrumbs":"archive-header__breadcrumbs___pTfrX","root":"archive-header__root___k7kgK","subtitle":"archive-header__subtitle___Se2MF"},"dropdown-all-topics":{"dropdown":"dropdown-all-topics__dropdown___KiDbM","topLevel":"dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh","heading":"dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67","isParent":"dropdown-all-topics__is-parent___Ijv-M","childList":"dropdown-all-topics__child-list___vQsZY","archiveLink":"dropdown-all-topics__archive-link___eLvSs"},"newsletter-signup":{"wrapper":"newsletter-signup__wrapper___lZ0W1","background":"newsletter-signup__background___Eym8W","container":"newsletter-signup__container___srNOL","heading":"newsletter-signup__heading___0EHmb","message":"newsletter-signup__message___pemaq","formWrapper":"newsletter-signup__form-wrapper___zI7Ea","thankyou":"newsletter-signup__thankyou___K6GGN","error":"newsletter-signup__error___hCsJI"},"author-bio":{"wrapper":"author-bio__wrapper___DO1-G","figure":"author-bio__figure___ncr9i","thumbnail":"author-bio__thumbnail___y-O2-","content":"author-bio__content___ZFx0n","header":"author-bio__header___dGPD3","heading":"author-bio__heading___nQyZX","contact":"author-bio__contact___JYwLa","email":"author-bio__email___V30wB","twitter":"author-bio__twitter___SiZqp","icon":"author-bio__icon___jzJcd","bio":"author-bio__bio___QBxoy"},"issue-timeline":{"decade":"issue-timeline__decade___4-bdV","year":"issue-timeline__year___7WVV5","last":"issue-timeline__last___3fl0Y"},"term-feature-header":{"wrapper":"term-feature-header__wrapper___YkhoB","heading":"term-feature-header__heading___WPtVo","hasParent":"term-feature-header__has-parent___G54Ga","smallHeading":"term-feature-header__small-heading___7SuVU","termDescription":"term-feature-header__term-description___sCox3","parent":"term-feature-header__parent___HLWk1","breadcrumbs":"term-feature-header__breadcrumbs___OSTXT","root":"term-feature-header__root___Q5UVS","nav":"term-feature-header__nav___UcjHS","list":"term-feature-header__list___GRU8b","item":"term-feature-header__item___DOoFP","link":"term-feature-header__link___395B1"},"widget-frontmatter":{"widget":"widget-frontmatter__widget___FnyX-","header":"widget-frontmatter__header___f5fzV","heading":"widget-frontmatter__heading___4z2Zd","feedback":"widget-frontmatter__feedback___5fzOc","puzzleSolution":"widget-frontmatter__puzzle-solution___MCNgM","avatar":"widget-frontmatter__avatar___7IR-v","thumbnail":"widget-frontmatter__thumbnail___yrGs1","authorLink":"widget-frontmatter__author-link___ULnYs","title":"widget-frontmatter__title___ypW1z","meta":"widget-frontmatter__meta___1gDwV","byline":"widget-frontmatter__byline___BfQNN","date":"widget-frontmatter__date___6sJJQ","excerpt":"widget-frontmatter__excerpt___YN4OT"},"newsletter-global-subscribe":{"wrapper":"newsletter-global-subscribe__wrapper___7k7gY","container":"newsletter-global-subscribe__container___haJ-X","header":"newsletter-global-subscribe__header___BTOO2","heading":"newsletter-global-subscribe__heading___z05gS","message":"newsletter-global-subscribe__message___LOvvq","link":"newsletter-global-subscribe__link___jX6S3"},"form-assembly":[],"compact-feature-secondary":{"title":"compact-feature-secondary__title___obzkN","eyebrow":"compact-feature-secondary__eyebrow___v2rsJ","meta":"compact-feature-secondary__meta___lPrKU","byline":"compact-feature-secondary__byline___L8KMO","date":"compact-feature-secondary__date___dyQF6","wrapper":"compact-feature-secondary__wrapper___cXgmv"},"index":[],"post-item-river":{"title":"post-item-river__title___OLWRU","thumbnail":"post-item-river__thumbnail___GTvuf","eyebrow":"post-item-river__eyebrow___WJdjP","meta":"post-item-river__meta___7F0Sa","byline":"post-item-river__byline___TRR-5","date":"post-item-river__date___B-z2I","wrapper":"post-item-river__wrapper___jnEk0","figure":"post-item-river__figure___pztgF","content":"post-item-river__content___Y9C70","excerpt":"post-item-river__excerpt___a60qt"},"widget-post-list-item":{"title":"widget-post-list-item__title___bT2js","thumbnail":"widget-post-list-item__thumbnail___irVkw","eyebrow":"widget-post-list-item__eyebrow___AE-TI","meta":"widget-post-list-item__meta___LCYvz","byline":"widget-post-list-item__byline___WfHtj","date":"widget-post-list-item__date___wGVak","wrapper":"widget-post-list-item__wrapper___ZSRco","content":"widget-post-list-item__content___oay44"},"search":{"formWrapper":"search__form-wrapper___BtMYP","container":"search__container___--YZj","header":"search__header___mP2FH","searchLinks":"search__search-links___TKvop","searchLink":"search__search-link___mjG-z","heading":"search__heading___a7UG2","notFound":"search__not-found___lWVcu","message":"search__message___n65jr","resultsWrapper":"search__results-wrapper___0CbS-"},"magazine-archive":{"wrapperOuter":"magazine-archive__wrapper--outer___u7rmc","nav":"magazine-archive__nav___A0qS3","grid":"magazine-archive__grid___fISHa","issue":"magazine-archive__issue___xsLH4","issueThumbnail":"magazine-archive__issue-thumbnail___njUPe","issueDate":"magazine-archive__issue-date___7iCS0","gridPrimary":"magazine-archive__grid--primary___FykYF","gridSecondary":"magazine-archive__grid--secondary___CLAgr","gridTernary":"magazine-archive__grid--ternary___t-Fi4","gridQuaternary":"magazine-archive__grid--quaternary___dIuJF"},"expanded-feature-primary":{"title":"expanded-feature-primary__title___0AzfJ","thumbnail":"expanded-feature-primary__thumbnail___YHJoO","eyebrow":"expanded-feature-primary__eyebrow___9JyFm","meta":"expanded-feature-primary__meta___FXCKq","byline":"expanded-feature-primary__byline___5qT-M","date":"expanded-feature-primary__date___VbGGg","wrapper":"expanded-feature-primary__wrapper___nMWtj","figure":"expanded-feature-primary__figure___fCOrY","content":"expanded-feature-primary__content___iWbR6","excerpt":"expanded-feature-primary__excerpt___FUDZ5"},"issue-sections":{"container":"issue-sections__container___17Zpg","item":"issue-sections__item___rUtUs","heading":"issue-sections__heading___TnKsQ","title":"issue-sections__title___n7vNE","thumbnail":"issue-sections__thumbnail___DE9O9","eyebrow":"issue-sections__eyebrow___Tc6D3","meta":"issue-sections__meta___jJ-mE","byline":"issue-sections__byline___EIyzE","date":"issue-sections__date___kQIj-","wrapper":"issue-sections__wrapper___PdO1L","content":"issue-sections__content___sg5J7","excerpt":"issue-sections__excerpt___HVz3V"},"post-grid":{"container":"post-grid__container___DaNXe","list":"post-grid__list___5vbEF","wrapper":"post-grid__wrapper___zjekk","title":"post-grid__title___d5-AH","thumbnail":"post-grid__thumbnail___z0V2n","eyebrow":"post-grid__eyebrow___GZw5R","meta":"post-grid__meta___I8S2i","byline":"post-grid__byline___MtX1j","date":"post-grid__date___bVg-i","figure":"post-grid__figure___H88K3","content":"post-grid__content___xSgZK"},"primary-menu":{"menu":"primary-menu__menu___JX1lz","topicsMenu":"primary-menu__topics-menu___ROlrK","menuItem":"primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX","hasChildren":"primary-menu__has-children___Q2GUi","subMenu":"primary-menu__sub-menu___XFZpU"},"expanded-feature-secondary":{"title":"expanded-feature-secondary__title___h9AIA","thumbnail":"expanded-feature-secondary__thumbnail___WlD5r","eyebrow":"expanded-feature-secondary__eyebrow___dBPOO","meta":"expanded-feature-secondary__meta___DOWsZ","byline":"expanded-feature-secondary__byline___-Ik6v","date":"expanded-feature-secondary__date___PF8eM","wrapper":"expanded-feature-secondary__wrapper___8amAk","content":"expanded-feature-secondary__content___aAOUL"},"issue-detail-article":{"title":"issue-detail-article__title___qnZfI","eyebrow":"issue-detail-article__eyebrow___m77DV","meta":"issue-detail-article__meta___Jdibv","byline":"issue-detail-article__byline___ECtsD","date":"issue-detail-article__date___GUdmQ","wrapper":"issue-detail-article__wrapper___MOTdP","item1":"issue-detail-article__item-1___G7ib9","excerpt":"issue-detail-article__excerpt___I09IB"},"widget-resources":[],"issue-banner":{"detail":"issue-banner__detail___AJ0e1","detailContainer":"issue-banner__detail-container___aJ18r","header":"issue-banner__header___55ou7","heading":"issue-banner__heading___-FTxy","title":"issue-banner__title___J-eYD","issueArrows":"issue-banner__issue-arrows___QodgR","issueButtons":"issue-banner__issue-buttons___Exohn","link":"issue-banner__link___aG2ir","issueMeta":"issue-banner__issue-meta___TaHvo","meta":"issue-banner__meta___639tC","detailArrows":"issue-banner__detail-arrows___D9yGC"},"term-river-grid":{"container":"term-river-grid__container___U6npZ term-river-grid__container___lq56H","group":"term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB","header":"term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY","termName":"term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK","termDescription":"term-river-grid__term-description___daSlz term-river-grid__term-description___dtFrX","title":"term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz","thumbnail":"term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq","meta":"term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO","byline":"term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2","date":"term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv","wrapper":"term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9","figure":"term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"},"compact-feature-primary":{"title":"compact-feature-primary__title___Iffvm","thumbnail":"compact-feature-primary__thumbnail___21Vey","eyebrow":"compact-feature-primary__eyebrow___rJ2xC","meta":"compact-feature-primary__meta___7Mxv4","byline":"compact-feature-primary__byline___VExWF","date":"compact-feature-primary__date___YZmyd","wrapper":"compact-feature-primary__wrapper___zqR4e","figure":"compact-feature-primary__figure___8Kcuy","content":"compact-feature-primary__content___PnMLF","excerpt":"compact-feature-primary__excerpt___iR6-H"},"author-header":{"wrapper":"author-header__wrapper___I8FlK","top":"author-header__top___WfeQ6","topInner":"author-header__top-inner___dzz-h","figure":"author-header__figure___-dEVp","thumbnail":"author-header__thumbnail___BuN61","content":"author-header__content___smsx1","header":"author-header__header___b9xAd","heading":"author-header__heading___kpRxT","title":"author-header__title___wXvl3","bio":"author-header__bio___dBitl","bioInner":"author-header__bio-inner___Nz-YY","contact":"author-header__contact___WYnmU","email":"author-header__email___4pfPj","twitter":"author-header__twitter___8hf14","icon":"author-header__icon___LSZX4"},"dropdown-single-topic":{"dropdown":"dropdown-single-topic__dropdown___OMJ9C","noList":"dropdown-single-topic__no-list___tgl2s","topics":"dropdown-single-topic__topics___mUYOW","topLevel":"dropdown-single-topic__top-level___selv9","heading":"dropdown-single-topic__heading___QxX1i","childList":"dropdown-single-topic__child-list___k5xwj","item":"dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU","articles":"dropdown-single-topic__articles___o2knX","articleList":"dropdown-single-topic__article-list___uKqKD","title":"dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY","eyebrow":"dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg","meta":"dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS","byline":"dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ","date":"dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu","wrapper":"dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5"},"issue-feature":{"container":"issue-feature__container___RMiQf","heading":"issue-feature__heading___FHnBh","title":"issue-feature__title___1yWUG","thumbnail":"issue-feature__thumbnail___4tNLy","meta":"issue-feature__meta___u8YYM","byline":"issue-feature__byline___1hinl","date":"issue-feature__date___0Sj5s","wrapper":"issue-feature__wrapper___Unk00","content":"issue-feature__content___1Fvc8","excerpt":"issue-feature__excerpt___JOWMU"},"multimedia-grid":{"container":"multimedia-grid__container___kUgfF","wrapper":"multimedia-grid__wrapper___bCLBB","title":"multimedia-grid__title___t1LsD","thumbnail":"multimedia-grid__thumbnail___F0VkV","content":"multimedia-grid__content___xbXCB","figure":"multimedia-grid__figure___FysLz","icon":"multimedia-grid__icon___1reRF","playIcon":"multimedia-grid__play-icon___nq0nR","video":"multimedia-grid__video___ln5xz","chart":"multimedia-grid__chart___P7KiF","audio":"multimedia-grid__audio___BddpF"},"taxonomy-detail-header":{"wrapper":"taxonomy-detail-header__wrapper___AVFQt","noImage":"taxonomy-detail-header__no-image___kHswl","container":"taxonomy-detail-header__container___xp1IU","figure":"taxonomy-detail-header__figure___gzZTH","thumbnail":"taxonomy-detail-header__thumbnail___oT3Xa","figcaption":"taxonomy-detail-header__figcaption___uxJ3i","caption":"taxonomy-detail-header__caption___slw8f","credit":"taxonomy-detail-header__credit___lQg8I","mobileCaption":"taxonomy-detail-header__mobile-caption___-pKCe","mobileCredit":"taxonomy-detail-header__mobile-credit___k7C5F","desktopCaption":"taxonomy-detail-header__desktop-caption___YVB41","desktopCredit":"taxonomy-detail-header__desktop-credit___S73El","content":"taxonomy-detail-header__content___AHrbD","eyebrow":"taxonomy-detail-header__eyebrow___MGWqS","title":"taxonomy-detail-header__title___SiEOX","description":"taxonomy-detail-header__description___LOGO9"},"search-form":{"wrapper":"search-form__wrapper___R8IU6","input":"search-form__input___PzGtj","select":"search-form__select___g-gPa","label":"search-form__label___UzftJ","search":"search-form__search___Wn-y-","formItems":"search-form__form-items___j3yKn","item":"search-form__item___vtH3f","flexWrapper":"search-form__flex-wrapper___nR2Qa","readability":"search-form__readability___yOtUd","dateContainer":"search-form__date-container___eojNr","calendarHolder":"search-form__calendar-holder___P6AUn","pickerToggle":"search-form__picker-toggle___-2U7m","icon":"search-form__icon___o6Bev","submit":"search-form__submit___ORpcT"},"sections-three-across":{"section":"sections-three-across__section___nQWlz","container":"sections-three-across__container___JLAuw","item":"sections-three-across__item___oWcr0","heading":"sections-three-across__heading___KSaeU","archiveLink":"sections-three-across__archive-link___GnExR","title":"sections-three-across__title___ZxRnK","thumbnail":"sections-three-across__thumbnail___S57i4","eyebrow":"sections-three-across__eyebrow___Ugsbb","meta":"sections-three-across__meta___wep-7","byline":"sections-three-across__byline___YhnKD","date":"sections-three-across__date___rlYRS","wrapper":"sections-three-across__wrapper___ljKp0","content":"sections-three-across__content___DaiEN","excerpt":"sections-three-across__excerpt___632TB"},"social-shares":{"wrapper":"social-shares__wrapper___RO88s social-shares__wrapper___tam23","shareCustomizeLink":"social-shares__share-customize-link___PwMtv social-shares__share-customize-link___p53Mt","sdTitle":"social-shares__sd-title___g17Wa social-shares__sd-title___Y4fAX","sdContent":"social-shares__sd-content___cloA6 social-shares__sd-content___rq5th","shareIcon":"social-shares__share-icon___jiB2f social-shares__share-icon___wsEDg","shareFacebook":"social-shares__share-facebook___RmL6L social-shares__share-facebook___pYoql","shareTwitter":"social-shares__share-twitter___Kbgfs social-shares__share-twitter___hyn-8","shareReddit":"social-shares__share-reddit___2-6Io social-shares__share-reddit___1ZuRI","sharePocket":"social-shares__share-pocket___B4JOK social-shares__share-pocket___GV8Kj","shareEmail":"social-shares__share-email___f6aFf social-shares__share-email___Gd5nh","shareMailto":"social-shares__share-mailto___8hYjG social-shares__share-mailto___gSQ8c","sharePrint":"social-shares__share-print___CUxts social-shares__share-print___DoyOu","shareTumblr":"social-shares__share-tumblr___F4vVa social-shares__share-tumblr___EwhGx","shareClassroom":"social-shares__share-classroom___Ldmll social-shares__share-classroom___SQ-4v","sharePinterest":"social-shares__share-pinterest___MxjGM social-shares__share-pinterest___dBRxR"},"site-footer":{"wrapper":"site-footer__wrapper___POuFL","container":"site-footer__container___E3hJN","content":"site-footer__content___F6HqT","branding":"site-footer__branding___b8I-p","logo":"site-footer__logo___DVV-7","description":"site-footer__description___0k5ns","properties":"site-footer__properties___pwoJR","property":"site-footer__property___Ar9t-","info":"site-footer__info___J9XjQ","menus":"site-footer__menus___CF93y","legal":"site-footer__legal___z-Gu4","address":"site-footer__address___79B9V","phone":"site-footer__phone___Xmwep","page":"site-footer__page___ADgU4","nav":"site-footer__nav___Zm6fm","heading":"site-footer__heading___SMwSV","menu":"site-footer__menu___PN9jw","first":"site-footer__first___REJ9-","menuItem":"site-footer__menu-item___BGGER","social":"site-footer__social___Po1dd","item":"site-footer__item___ZqAjZ","link":"site-footer__link___kV4dO","icon":"site-footer__icon___t92l9","facebook":"site-footer__facebook___n15bH","twitter":"site-footer__twitter___G0N9a","rss":"site-footer__rss___pUKAw","instagram":"site-footer__instagram___VRTpX","youtube":"site-footer__youtube___XvLUW","tiktok":"site-footer__tiktok___vnJC9"},"amp":[],"topics-megamenu":{"wrapper":"topics-megamenu__wrapper___aqIhI","list":"topics-megamenu__list___Edgtm","item":"topics-megamenu__item___C4dFY","link":"topics-megamenu__link___nApx0"},"carousel.module":[],"carousel":{"container":"carousel__container___qc2xS carousel__container___bKHIO","slides":"carousel__slides___mx0jH carousel__slides___eKqkJ","wrapper":"carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ","controlsWrapper":"carousel__controls-wrapper___-Avcz carousel__controls-wrapper___icD8R","title":"carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB","thumbnail":"carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2","eyebrow":"carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N","meta":"carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc","byline":"carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC","date":"carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP","figure":"carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK","content":"carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"},"photoswipe":{"pswp":"photoswipe__pswp___kOAOr","pswpAnimate_opacity":"photoswipe__pswp--animate_opacity___4-fpo","pswpOpen":"photoswipe__pswp--open___1E4bq","pswpZoomAllowed":"photoswipe__pswp--zoom-allowed___XVXGP","pswp__img":"photoswipe__pswp__img___LgNzx","pswpZoomedIn":"photoswipe__pswp--zoomed-in___taSqL","pswpDragging":"photoswipe__pswp--dragging___GJBni","pswp__bg":"photoswipe__pswp__bg___MV6AE","pswp__scrollWrap":"photoswipe__pswp__scroll-wrap___Et-De","pswp__container":"photoswipe__pswp__container___ECM5l","pswp__zoomWrap":"photoswipe__pswp__zoom-wrap___bjf1k","pswpAnimatedIn":"photoswipe__pswp--animated-in___IXpJC","pswp__item":"photoswipe__pswp__item___AQs-j","pswp__imgPlaceholder":"photoswipe__pswp__img--placeholder___s2P-F","pswp__imgPlaceholderBlank":"photoswipe__pswp__img--placeholder--blank___GnqGb","pswpIe":"photoswipe__pswp--ie___DaHWx","pswp__errorMsg":"photoswipe__pswp__error-msg___DuEfU"},"default-skin":{"pswp__button":"default-skin__pswp__button___sZt46","pswp__uiOverClose":"default-skin__pswp__ui--over-close___D79ux","pswp__buttonClose":"default-skin__pswp__button--close___0pysF","pswp__buttonArrowLeft":"default-skin__pswp__button--arrow--left___6zB1U","pswp__buttonArrowRight":"default-skin__pswp__button--arrow--right___ovK2v","pswpSvg":"default-skin__pswp--svg___KzwfY","pswp__buttonShare":"default-skin__pswp__button--share___aVEQa","pswp__buttonFs":"default-skin__pswp__button--fs___zIa7w","pswpSupportsFs":"default-skin__pswp--supports-fs___2apsd","pswpFs":"default-skin__pswp--fs___AMOKN","pswp__buttonZoom":"default-skin__pswp__button--zoom___ED5-X","pswpZoomAllowed":"default-skin__pswp--zoom-allowed___oxXGb","pswpZoomedIn":"default-skin__pswp--zoomed-in___kXgO-","pswpTouch":"default-skin__pswp--touch___B-NJP","pswp__counter":"default-skin__pswp__counter___qaSAJ","pswp__shareModal":"default-skin__pswp__share-modal___of0Vy","pswp__shareModalHidden":"default-skin__pswp__share-modal--hidden___w1lxb","pswp__shareTooltip":"default-skin__pswp__share-tooltip___CKOSQ","pswp__shareModalFadeIn":"default-skin__pswp__share-modal--fade-in___LJlSe","pswp__shareFacebook":"default-skin__pswp__share--facebook___yvXV9","pswp__shareTwitter":"default-skin__pswp__share--twitter___aPQyS","pswp__sharePinterest":"default-skin__pswp__share--pinterest___NMIIh","pswp__shareDownload":"default-skin__pswp__share--download___aCVve","pswp__caption":"default-skin__pswp__caption___EOJ2K","pswp__caption__center":"default-skin__pswp__caption__center___7DUUk","pswp__captionEmpty":"default-skin__pswp__caption--empty___Qn6-V","pswp__captionFake":"default-skin__pswp__caption--fake___EHKZW","pswp__preloader":"default-skin__pswp__preloader___S7oHI","pswp__preloader__icn":"default-skin__pswp__preloader__icn___msjCT","pswp__preloaderActive":"default-skin__pswp__preloader--active___PM11D","pswpCss_animation":"default-skin__pswp--css_animation___D303H","clockwise":"default-skin__clockwise___UbEp0","pswp__preloader__donut":"default-skin__pswp__preloader__donut___COZ8Z","donutRotate":"default-skin__donut-rotate___HMHJD","pswp__preloader__cut":"default-skin__pswp__preloader__cut___dYom1","pswp__ui":"default-skin__pswp__ui___kY2Ic","pswp__topBar":"default-skin__pswp__top-bar___TiVT7","pswpHas_mouse":"default-skin__pswp--has_mouse___Xt-dF","pswp__uiFit":"default-skin__pswp__ui--fit___8nd1x","pswp__uiIdle":"default-skin__pswp__ui--idle___uHyvE","pswp__uiHidden":"default-skin__pswp__ui--hidden___B-MlE","pswp__uiOneSlide":"default-skin__pswp__ui--one-slide___uG4xD","pswp__elementDisabled":"default-skin__pswp__element--disabled___1E9E4","pswpMinimalDark":"default-skin__pswp--minimal--dark___8LREx"},"slideshow":{"container":"slideshow__container___lc3F1","slides":"slideshow__slides___08B6X","wrapper":"slideshow__wrapper___TKA6K","controlsWrapper":"slideshow__controls-wrapper___-tv89","figure":"slideshow__figure___QRhqy","snFigurePortraitOrientation":"slideshow__sn-figure-portrait-orientation___4vbjR","galleryCaption":"slideshow__gallery-caption___aMVHS"},"slideshow.module":[],"header-search":{"component":"header-search__component___1RSVP","wrapper":"header-search__wrapper___FYIUg","isSnhs":"header-search__is-snhs___JqlqW","form":"header-search__form___RuxkB","icon":"header-search__icon___uxqmg","search":"header-search__search___NGEPN","input":"header-search__input___gFHbR","toggle":"header-search__toggle___gj55g","toggleInner":"header-search__toggle-inner___5AeR1","open":"header-search__open___xdwX0","close":"header-search__close___mWW5s"},"nav-bar":{"wrapper":"nav-bar__wrapper___dGhZR nav-bar__wrapper___0b-CD","toggle":"nav-bar__toggle___diiCA nav-bar__toggle___4pRfS","icon":"nav-bar__icon___bs1-d nav-bar__icon___ypN9u","navBar":"nav-bar__nav-bar___U4zv2 nav-bar__nav-bar___PdKD4","homeLink":"nav-bar__home-link___MsuFN nav-bar__home-link___p-697","tagline":"nav-bar__tagline___8ZTMc nav-bar__tagline___fE7LQ","actions":"nav-bar__actions___nL-73 nav-bar__actions___afEUJ","zephrAuth":"nav-bar__zephr-auth___HOIGJ nav-bar__zephr-auth___wuSi4","authHeader":"nav-bar__auth-header___ww6IL nav-bar__auth-header___uyIiK","authAction":"nav-bar__auth-action___ZNpzo nav-bar__auth-action___lulmd","donateLink":"nav-bar__donate-link___U8W-A nav-bar__donate-link___gI-RC"},"site-header":{"wrapper":"site-header__wrapper___pZK95 site-header__wrapper___EBXQN","hasAlertBanner":"site-header__has-alert-banner___Mu-iC site-header__has-alert-banner___7Wzs6","branding":"site-header__branding___mjDel site-header__branding___ANiJ3","homeLink":"site-header__home-link___3-eX5 site-header__home-link___wduac","tagline":"site-header__tagline___rXWnA site-header__tagline___agp8-","alertBanner":"site-header__alert-banner___htZAk site-header__alert-banner___dqlGJ"},"site-header-minimal":{"wrapper":"site-header-minimal__wrapper___8s3qS site-header-minimal__wrapper___qTTL3","top":"site-header-minimal__top___-g9RG site-header-minimal__top___GB7Um","bottom":"site-header-minimal__bottom___od6XP site-header-minimal__bottom___64G9B","homeLink":"site-header-minimal__home-link___wmqIQ site-header-minimal__home-link___MIcP9","tagline":"site-header-minimal__tagline___R51f2 site-header-minimal__tagline___-iDc-"},"newsletter-subscribe":{"wrapper":"newsletter-subscribe__wrapper___HKwjS newsletter-subscribe__wrapper___J97NH","background":"newsletter-subscribe__background___XiJd1 newsletter-subscribe__background___W-BDi","container":"newsletter-subscribe__container___X4e3g newsletter-subscribe__container___sLq8W","heading":"newsletter-subscribe__heading___S-9mN newsletter-subscribe__heading___ofa1g","message":"newsletter-subscribe__message___sgnoJ newsletter-subscribe__message___iBN36","link":"newsletter-subscribe__link___7tAzz newsletter-subscribe__link___KNzuK"},"follow-us":{"wrapper":"follow-us__wrapper___ve1cI follow-us__wrapper___N8NzF","background":"follow-us__background___KLL91 follow-us__background___WNsfy","container":"follow-us__container___h1mhT follow-us__container___eZ-0T","heading":"follow-us__heading___HlH4W follow-us__heading___5-bCN","list":"follow-us__list___-s7uB follow-us__list___3gV9c","link":"follow-us__link___7pNiI follow-us__link___en5Z5","icon":"follow-us__icon___raPAh follow-us__icon___9M7rm","facebook":"follow-us__facebook___USrGW follow-us__facebook___lZEoq","twitter":"follow-us__twitter___80rAq follow-us__twitter___hewUp","instagram":"follow-us__instagram___VbX0U follow-us__instagram___KtwXg"},"modal-access":[],"issue-detail":{"container":"issue-detail__container___TGutr","hasFeatures":"issue-detail__has-features___jGkBK","hasPdfEmbed":"issue-detail__has-pdf-embed___ldmnv","digitalMagazineWrapper":"issue-detail__digital-magazine-wrapper___-3zF5","snPdfEmbed":"issue-detail__sn-pdf-embed___UTi9H","timelineWrapper":"issue-detail__timeline-wrapper___fO87-","figure":"issue-detail__figure___PjLVR","thumbnail":"issue-detail__thumbnail___OxMtr","listWrapper":"issue-detail__list-wrapper___99M-D","list":"issue-detail__list___Qm8VU","listItem":"issue-detail__list-item___Wwds5","subscribe":"issue-detail__subscribe___P2PTD"},"featured-articles":{"wrapper":"featured-articles__wrapper___djpRN","list":"featured-articles__list___1zYro","secondary":"featured-articles__secondary___9DM9Y","ternary":"featured-articles__ternary___jra8W"},"page":{"body":"page__body___szynj","header":"page__header___-VQUh","immersive":"page__immersive___HblxW","visuallyHidden":"page__visually-hidden___OmvjZ","headerContent":"page__header-content___FF6vO","title":"page__title___E7BUX","deck":"page__deck___cIH5-","figure":"page__figure___V8Agm","thumbnail":"page__thumbnail___CtLEn","figcaption":"page__figcaption___r3c4V","caption":"page__caption___35fyj","credit":"page__credit___6JNCO","mobileCaption":"page__mobile-caption___YDre3","mobileCredit":"page__mobile-credit___-ZRMU","desktopCaption":"page__desktop-caption___Mn3f-","desktopCredit":"page__desktop-credit___DM4Hi"},"featured-primary-one-column":{"title":"featured-primary-one-column__title___PTjk4","thumbnail":"featured-primary-one-column__thumbnail___yep-D","eyebrow":"featured-primary-one-column__eyebrow___B48-d","meta":"featured-primary-one-column__meta___e3uyI","byline":"featured-primary-one-column__byline___X6Ab6","date":"featured-primary-one-column__date___pR20I","wrapper":"featured-primary-one-column__wrapper___rLsSW","figure":"featured-primary-one-column__figure___B3NO0","content":"featured-primary-one-column__content___xL5Cq","excerpt":"featured-primary-one-column__excerpt___RQD7T"},"featured-primary-three-column":{"title":"featured-primary-three-column__title___l6a96","thumbnail":"featured-primary-three-column__thumbnail___UIfB4","eyebrow":"featured-primary-three-column__eyebrow___oamQy","meta":"featured-primary-three-column__meta___s4d2v","byline":"featured-primary-three-column__byline___Ba1wc","date":"featured-primary-three-column__date___2bHIj","wrapper":"featured-primary-three-column__wrapper___qlFJC","figure":"featured-primary-three-column__figure___dTCfc","content":"featured-primary-three-column__content___ayIEb","excerpt":"featured-primary-three-column__excerpt___YccWW"},"featured-primary-two-column":{"title":"featured-primary-two-column__title___-RwGR","thumbnail":"featured-primary-two-column__thumbnail___5iAoR","eyebrow":"featured-primary-two-column__eyebrow___e1VaX","meta":"featured-primary-two-column__meta___woyhW","byline":"featured-primary-two-column__byline___UF1A0","date":"featured-primary-two-column__date___auWHw","wrapper":"featured-primary-two-column__wrapper___e3Ynu","figure":"featured-primary-two-column__figure___gfjrF","content":"featured-primary-two-column__content___kqHcy","excerpt":"featured-primary-two-column__excerpt___7Q9A2"},"featured-secondary":{"title":"featured-secondary__title___mb8GK","thumbnail":"featured-secondary__thumbnail___1qTeQ","eyebrow":"featured-secondary__eyebrow___QtjXw","meta":"featured-secondary__meta___lSKsC","byline":"featured-secondary__byline___qvEKL","date":"featured-secondary__date___tByAn","wrapper":"featured-secondary__wrapper___6uFWZ","content":"featured-secondary__content___aGbcp","figure":"featured-secondary__figure___90qbg"},"trending-stories":{"wrapper":"trending-stories__wrapper___-7tOu","heading":"trending-stories__heading___-mY-6","icon":"trending-stories__icon___TyRmb","archiveLink":"trending-stories__archive-link___e25Wo"},"promoted-stories":{"section":"promoted-stories__section___0m7AO","heading":"promoted-stories__heading___0Ab69","thumbnail":"promoted-stories__thumbnail___L7E8z","container":"promoted-stories__container___aC0SZ","title":"promoted-stories__title___Xi498","eyebrow":"promoted-stories__eyebrow___-Sr9q","meta":"promoted-stories__meta___n-Afy","byline":"promoted-stories__byline___mJZu-","date":"promoted-stories__date___TTHgH","wrapper":"promoted-stories__wrapper___VQiRL","excerpt":"promoted-stories__excerpt___opH5g","list":"promoted-stories__list___ZiUEy"},"featured-media-secondary":{"title":"featured-media-secondary__title___LqM-t","thumbnail":"featured-media-secondary__thumbnail___lwApK","wrapper":"featured-media-secondary__wrapper___h9di9","content":"featured-media-secondary__content___Vmwhw","figure":"featured-media-secondary__figure___Spmxp","icon":"featured-media-secondary__icon___vzzVu","playIcon":"featured-media-secondary__play-icon___DyqS6","video":"featured-media-secondary__video___PO-Et","chart":"featured-media-secondary__chart___m-Ohk","audio":"featured-media-secondary__audio___6-ilb","titleDark":"featured-media-secondary__title--dark___xMePf","titleLight":"featured-media-secondary__title--light___hqtcx"},"featured-media":{"wrapper":"featured-media__wrapper___mIhxo","background":"featured-media__background___hCQt9","container":"featured-media__container___2Eoqj","header":"featured-media__header___-GVl-","heading":"featured-media__heading___dTEPK","headingDark":"featured-media__heading--dark___gVaDv","list":"featured-media__list___UPJ17","listFiveStory":"featured-media__list--five-story___1ies3","listTenStory":"featured-media__list--ten-story___zc879","pull":"featured-media__pull___xKxud","cta":"featured-media__cta___cL1Q6","headingLight":"featured-media__heading--light___Cg1xH"},"featured-media-primary":{"title":"featured-media-primary__title___fFhyx","thumbnail":"featured-media-primary__thumbnail___AwbKt","wrapper":"featured-media-primary__wrapper___MAUpC","wide":"featured-media-primary__wide___tldyy","figure":"featured-media-primary__figure___I0uxl","figureInlineVideo":"featured-media-primary__figure--inline-video___F4s1y","figcaption":"featured-media-primary__figcaption___3A-vA","caption":"featured-media-primary__caption___uw56Q","credit":"featured-media-primary__credit___fLj-m","mobileCaption":"featured-media-primary__mobile-caption___8pLf6","mobileCredit":"featured-media-primary__mobile-credit___0fm0N","desktopCaption":"featured-media-primary__desktop-caption___OFKnh","desktopCredit":"featured-media-primary__desktop-credit___wQqhV","icon":"featured-media-primary__icon___3JSS5","playIcon":"featured-media-primary__play-icon___cN01H","video":"featured-media-primary__video___-EFZC","chart":"featured-media-primary__chart___I-5VL","audio":"featured-media-primary__audio___RzC54","titleDark":"featured-media-primary__title--dark___TOhJz","excerpt":"featured-media-primary__excerpt___ru8Ij","excerptLight":"featured-media-primary__excerpt--light___lMo2g","excerptDark":"featured-media-primary__excerpt--dark___N8q-s","l1":"featured-media-primary__l1___cb7At","titleLight":"featured-media-primary__title--light___-39nL"},"header-immersive":{"wrapper":"header-immersive__wrapper___3Ez3q","figure":"header-immersive__figure___DTIJ0","thumbnail":"header-immersive__thumbnail___4bHq7","figcaption":"header-immersive__figcaption___Q9fuh","caption":"header-immersive__caption___OPEa-","credit":"header-immersive__credit___vzfhk","mobileCaption":"header-immersive__mobile-caption___HEdm3","mobileCredit":"header-immersive__mobile-credit___xHq2-","desktopCaption":"header-immersive__desktop-caption___D2-3-","desktopCredit":"header-immersive__desktop-credit___-AR-t","content":"header-immersive__content___RdMQT","eyebrow":"header-immersive__eyebrow___r56ex","title":"header-immersive__title___asgYs","deck":"header-immersive__deck___NLdGR","terms":"header-immersive__terms___K-KMP"},"header-default":{"wrapper":"header-default__wrapper___VQCho","content":"header-default__content___F5-Yn","terms":"header-default__terms___-BVta","eyebrow":"header-default__eyebrow___gmHtv","columnName":"header-default__column-name___6jfhK","title":"header-default__title___ychM4","deck":"header-default__deck___UAY0V","titleWrapper":"header-default__title-wrapper___kUof-","isColumn":"header-default__is-column___VFBQO","isMigrated":"header-default__is-migrated___AAbFO","columnMeta":"header-default__column-meta___NCx-m","authorBios":"header-default__author-bios___7yNUO","timestamps":"header-default__timestamps___c03gf","published":"header-default__published___bFzIG","updated":"header-default__updated___9-Y1L","thumbnail":"header-default__thumbnail___XBeYr","figcaption":"header-default__figcaption___AGPTF","caption":"header-default__caption___sYDk1","credit":"header-default__credit___jFnF8","mobileCaption":"header-default__mobile-caption___GqLa7","mobileCredit":"header-default__mobile-credit___AM5BY","desktopCaption":"header-default__desktop-caption___ltcD6","desktopCredit":"header-default__desktop-credit___6LQps"},"byline":{"wrapper":"byline__wrapper___hSvwC","authors":"byline__authors___a2txN","published":"byline__published___LoyMY","updated":"byline__updated___v1MVH"},"article-footer":{"wrapper":"article-footer__wrapper___eChRS","withSidebar":"article-footer__with-sidebar___9oDuK","feedback":"article-footer__feedback___sNXjz","printPowerWordsBtn":"article-footer__print-power-words-btn___NnOdr","powerWords":"article-footer__power-words___V5fm0","pwHeader":"article-footer__pw-header___cii2S","pwHeading":"article-footer__pw-heading___-GYtA","pwAbout":"article-footer__pw-about___D7W9R","notes":"article-footer__notes___hHarv","editorsNote":"article-footer__editors-note___8g2TJ","editorsNoteHeading":"article-footer__editors-note-heading___XEEiZ","citations":"article-footer__citations___wiYwh","citationsHeading":"article-footer__citations-heading___6rnra"},"date-picker":[],"rich-text":[],"editor":[]}</script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer',"GTM-PRSTZXN");</script>  <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.snexplores.org/" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.snexplores.org/es/" hreflang="es" />  <title>Science News Explores | News from all fields of science for readers of any age</title> <meta name="description" content="Science News Explores publishes news from all fields of science for students and other curious individuals from middle school and up, with resources for parents and educators."/> <meta name="robots" content="follow, index"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.snexplores.org" /> <link rel="next" href="https://www.snexplores.org/page/2" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Science News Explores" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Science News Explores publishes news from all fields of science for students from middle school and up, with resources for parents and educators." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.snexplores.org" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Science News Explores" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Science News Explores" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Science News Explores publishes news from all fields of science for students from middle school and up, with resources for parents and educators." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SN_Explores" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.snexplores.org/#organization","name":"Science News Explores","url":"https://www.snexplores.org","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/SN.Explores","https://twitter.com/SN_Explores"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.snexplores.org/#logo","url":"https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/square-explores.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/square-explores.jpg","caption":"Science News Explores","inLanguage":"en-US"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.snexplores.org/#website","url":"https://www.snexplores.org","name":"Science News Explores","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.snexplores.org/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://www.snexplores.org/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.snexplores.org#webpage","url":"https://www.snexplores.org","name":"Science News Explores | News from all fields of science for readers of any age","about":{"@id":"https://www.snexplores.org/#organization"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.snexplores.org/#website"},"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//g.adspeed.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.snexplores.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link href='//www.google-analytics.com' rel='dns-prefetch' /> <link href='//load.sumo.com' rel='dns-prefetch' /> <link href='//a.pub.network' rel='dns-prefetch' /> <link href='https://use.typekit.net' rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://www.googletagmanager.com' rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Science News Explores » Feed" href="https://www.snexplores.org/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Science News Explores » Comments Feed" href="https://www.snexplores.org/comments/feed" /> <script class="wp-asset-manager global" type="text/javascript">window.amScripts = window.amScripts || {}; window.amScripts["global"] = {"sitePrefix":"sns"}</script><link rel="preload" href="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/media/NotoSans-Regular.woff2" class="wp-asset-manager sns-Noto-Regular" as="font" media="all" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/media/NotoSans-Italic.woff2" class="wp-asset-manager sns-Noto-Italic" as="font" media="all" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/media/NotoSans-SemiBold.woff2" class="wp-asset-manager sns-Noto-SemiBold" as="font" media="all" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/media/NotoSans-SemiBoldItalic.woff2" class="wp-asset-manager sns-Noto-SemiBoldItalic" as="font" media="all" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/media/NotoSans-Bold.woff2" class="wp-asset-manager sns-Noto-Bold" as="font" media="all" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/media/NotoSans-BoldItalic.woff2" class="wp-asset-manager sns-Noto-BoldItalic" as="font" media="all" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /><link rel='stylesheet' id='debug-bar-searchpress-css' href='https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/plugins/debug-bar-searchpress/css/debug-bar-searchpress.css?ver=1.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='science-news-interactive-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-science-news-interactive .cesium-infoBox{min-width:340px}.wp-block-science-news-interactive .cesium-infoBox-camera{display:none}.wp-block-science-news-interactive .cesium-viewer{height:90vh} </style> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #121212;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--gray-dark: #31313B;--wp--preset--color--gray-mid: #556B7D;--wp--preset--color--gray-light: #F3F6F9;--wp--preset--color--wildfire: #D4441F;--wp--preset--color--green: #219653;--wp--preset--color--aqua: #17ABA0;--wp--preset--color--blue: #176CAB;--wp--preset--color--society-blue: #005587;--wp--preset--color--deep-blue: #10254F;--wp--preset--color--violet: #7D1992;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 26px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge: 46px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sns-home-css-css' href='https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/css/home.min.css?ver=eea11b18c945818b9f2b121220231132' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sns-ab-test-css-css' href='https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/css/ab-test.min.css?ver=1b8d82fa1397bcf041a9121220231132' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://g.adspeed.net/ad.php?do=js&oid=2471&zids=17125-99957&wd=-1&ht=-1&target=_blank&ver=1.0" id="sciencenews-adspeed-js-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.snexplores.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style>  <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4875049559114942" crossorigin="anonymous" ></script>  <meta property="sn:article-type" content="" /> <meta property="sn:collection" content="" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style></head> <body class="home blog hfeed"> <div class="site-wrapper">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PRSTZXN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <section class="ad-block__mq-wrapper ad-block-leaderboard__wrapper___NTtpb ad-block-leaderboard__adspeed___g-g7h"> <div class="content">  <div id="adspeed-zone-17125"></div>  </div> </section> <header class="site-header__wrapper___pZK95 site-header__wrapper___EBXQN" role="banner" id="masthead" > <div class="newsletter-global-subscribe__wrapper___7k7gY"> <div class="newsletter-global-subscribe__container___haJ-X"> <div class="newsletter-global-subscribe__header___BTOO2"> <h3 class="newsletter-global-subscribe__heading___z05gS"> It’s a wonderful world — and universe — out there. </h3> <span class="newsletter-global-subscribe__message___LOvvq"> <p><strong>Come explore with us! </strong></p> </span> </div> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/magazine" class="newsletter-global-subscribe__link___jX6S3 __sn_ga-header-cta __sn_ga-header-cta--home" >Subscribe / Renew Now</a> </div> </div> <nav class="nav-bar__wrapper___dGhZR nav-bar__wrapper___0b-CD" role="navigation" aria-label="Main" data-component="nav-bar" > <button class="nav-bar__toggle___diiCA nav-bar__toggle___4pRfS"> <span class="nav-bar__icon___bs1-d nav-bar__icon___ypN9u"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> <div class="nav-bar__nav-bar___U4zv2 nav-bar__nav-bar___PdKD4"> <ul class="primary-menu__topics-menu___ROlrK"> <li class="primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX primary-menu__has-children___Q2GUi"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topics/">All Topics</a> <ul id="topics-menu" class="primary-menu__sub-menu___XFZpU"><li id="menu-item-170242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-topic menu-item-170242 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/life" id="menu-link-1">Life</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170241" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-topic menu-item-170241 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/humans" id="menu-link-2">Humans</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170240" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-topic menu-item-170240 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" id="menu-link-3">Earth</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170243" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-topic menu-item-170243 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space" id="menu-link-4">Space</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170244" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-topic menu-item-170244 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/tech" id="menu-link-5">Tech</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul id="primary-menu" class="primary-menu__menu___JX1lz"><li id="menu-item-170225" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-170225 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/" id="menu-link-6">Science News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-170226 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX primary-menu__has-children___Q2GUi"><a href="#" id="menu-link-7">Menu</a> <ul class="sub-menu primary-menu__sub-menu___XFZpU"> <li id="menu-item-170380" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-170380 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/all-stories" id="menu-link-8">All Stories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170383" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-170383 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/collections" id="menu-link-9">Collections</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170230" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-collection menu-item-170230 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/collections/explainers" id="menu-link-10">Explainers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170229" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-article-type menu-item-170229 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article-type/scientists-say" id="menu-link-11">Word of the Week</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170381" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-collection menu-item-170381 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/collections/experiments" id="menu-link-12">Experiments</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170234" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-article-type menu-item-170234 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article-type/analyze-this" id="menu-link-13">Analyze This</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170235" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-article-type menu-item-170235 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article-type/technically-fiction" id="menu-link-14">Technically Fiction</a></li> <li id="menu-item-191501" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-collection menu-item-191501 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/collections/action-for-earth-climate" id="menu-link-15">Action for Earth</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170233" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-collection menu-item-170233 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/collections/cool-jobs" id="menu-link-16">Cool Jobs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170231" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-collection menu-item-170231 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/collections/invention-innovation" id="menu-link-17">Invention & Innovation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170433" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-170433 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="/classroom-question" id="menu-link-18">Classroom Questions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-170238" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-170238 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/about-us" id="menu-link-19">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-170382" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-170382 primary-menu__menu-item___TgfYX"><a href="https://www.snexplores.org/how-to-use" id="menu-link-20">Education Resources</a></li> </ul> <div class="nav-bar__actions___nL-73 nav-bar__actions___afEUJ"> <a class="nav-bar-donate-link nav-bar__donate-link___U8W-A nav-bar__donate-link___gI-RC" href="https://www.snexplores.org/give" > Donate </a> </div> </div> <a class="nav-bar__home-link___MsuFN nav-bar__home-link___p-697" href="https://www.snexplores.org/" rel="home" > <h1 class="screen-reader-text">Science News Explores</h1> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="354" height="34" viewBox="0 0 574 55.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="currentColor"><path d="m330.8.1h31.4v10.8h-17.4v6.2h13.9v9.8h-13.9v6.6h18.4v10.8h-32.4z"/><path d="m372.6 27.9-10-16h14l4.4 7.9 4.4-7.9h12.4l-10.1 15 11.1 17.3h-14l-5.2-9-5.4 9h-12.2z"/><path d="m398.7 12h12.2v4.7c1.8-3 5-5.6 9.9-5.6 7.4 0 13.5 5.5 13.5 16.8v.5c0 11.3-6.2 16.7-13.6 16.7-4.8 0-8.2-2.3-9.8-5.4v15.4h-12.2zm23.3 16.3v-.5c0-5.2-2.1-7.7-5.8-7.7s-5.6 2.7-5.6 7.7v.5c0 5 2 7.5 5.7 7.5s5.7-2.6 5.7-7.5z"/><path d="m435.7.1h12.1v44.2h-12.1z"/><path d="m449.2 28.5v-.5c0-10.5 7.9-16.9 18.1-16.9s17.9 6.2 17.9 16.6v.5c0 10.6-7.9 16.9-18 16.9s-18-5.9-18-16.6zm23.6-.2v-.4c0-5.1-1.8-7.8-5.6-7.8s-5.8 2.5-5.8 7.6v.5c0 5.3 1.9 8 5.8 8s5.6-2.8 5.6-7.9z"/><path d="m486.4 12h12.2v6.5c2-5 5.6-7 10.4-7v11.4c-6.7-.4-10.4 1.9-10.4 6.5v14.9h-12.2z"/><path d="m508.4 28.5v-.5c0-10.5 8-17 17.9-17 9.1 0 16.8 5.2 16.8 16.8v3h-22.5c.3 3.9 2.6 6 6.1 6s4.7-1.6 5.1-3.5h11.4c-1 7.4-6.6 11.8-16.9 11.8s-17.9-5.8-17.9-16.6zm23-4c-.1-3.5-1.8-5.6-5.1-5.6-3 0-5.1 1.9-5.6 5.6z"/><path d="m543.6 33.9h11.1c.4 2.1 1.2 3.3 4 3.3 2.4 0 3.4-.9 3.4-2.3s-1.4-2.2-5.7-2.7c-8.7-1-12.5-3.3-12.5-10.3 0-7.4 6.5-10.9 14.4-10.9 8.4 0 14 2.8 14.8 10.7h-11c-.4-1.9-1.4-3-3.6-3s-3.2 1-3.2 2.2c0 1.5 1.5 2.1 5.1 2.5 9.3 1.1 13.7 3.3 13.7 10.3 0 8-6.1 11.4-15.2 11.4s-15.2-3.9-15.3-11.2z"/><path d="m13.6 45.4c-7.2 0-11.8-2.8-13.6-4.4l3.5-5.2c1 .8 4.4 3.5 10.1 3.5 5.1 0 8.2-2.8 8.2-6.1 0-4.5-5-6.2-10.3-8.7-5.7-2.6-10.3-5.6-10.3-12.7s6.5-11.7 14.2-11.7c7.1 0 11 2.4 12.8 3.6l-3.4 5.3c-1.6-1-4.8-2.8-9.1-2.8s-6.9 2-6.9 5.5c0 3.8 3.6 5.3 8.3 7.4 6 2.7 12.4 5.6 12.4 13.9-.1 7.4-6.3 12.4-15.9 12.4z"/><path d="m46.7 45.4c-10.2 0-16.2-7.6-16.2-17.4 0-11.3 7.2-17.4 16.5-17.4 5.4 0 8.6 1.9 10.2 3l-2.7 5.1c-1.6-1.1-3.8-2.3-7.4-2.3-6 0-8.9 4.8-8.9 11.5s2.9 11.8 9.1 11.8c4 0 6.6-1.7 7.6-2.3l2.4 5c-1.4.9-4.6 3-10.6 3z"/><path d="m63 8.6c-2.5 0-4.4-2-4.4-4.3s2-4.3 4.4-4.3 4.4 2 4.4 4.3-1.9 4.3-4.4 4.3z"/><path d="m59.6 11.3h7.1v33.2h-7.1z"/><path d="m85.9 39.7c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-12 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.6c.3 6 3.1 10.6 9.4 10.6zm5.3-15.9c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m120.9 44.6v-22c0-3.7-1.3-5.8-5.1-5.8-4.2 0-7.4 4.1-8 5v22.8h-7.4v-33.3h7.2v4.5c1.6-2 5-5.3 10.6-5.3 7.1 0 9.9 4.7 9.9 10.6v23.5z"/><path d="m146.3 45.4c-10.2 0-16.2-7.6-16.2-17.4 0-11.3 7.2-17.4 16.5-17.4 5.4 0 8.6 1.9 10.2 3l-2.7 5.1c-1.6-1.1-3.8-2.3-7.4-2.3-6 0-8.9 4.8-8.9 11.5s2.9 11.8 9.1 11.8c4 0 6.6-1.7 7.6-2.3l2.4 5c-1.4.9-4.7 3-10.6 3z"/><path d="m172 39.7c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-12 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.8c.6 6 3.3 10.6 9.6 10.6zm5.3-15.9c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m218 44.6-17.8-27.8c-1.8-3-3.7-6.3-3.7-6.3 0 .1.2 2.9.2 5.4v28.6h-7v-44.4h7.9l16.9 26.2c2 3.5 3.9 7.1 3.9 7.1 0-.3-.2-3.1-.2-6.5v-26.8h7v44.5z"/><path d="m244.4 39.6c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-11.9 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.7c.3 6 3.1 10.6 9.4 10.6zm5.3-15.8c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m293.6 44.5h-6.6l-7.4-23.8h-.2l-7.5 23.8h-6.5l-9.6-33.2h7.8l5.9 22.9h.2l6.6-22.9h6.8l6.7 23h.1l6.1-23h7.3z"/><path d="m313.3 45.4c-5.4 0-9.1-1.8-11.2-3.2l2.7-5.2c1.2.9 4.4 2.8 8.2 2.8s6-1.4 6-3.8c0-2.6-3.1-3.5-7.9-5.7-4.9-2.2-8.2-4.7-8.2-10 0-5.8 4.5-9.8 11.5-9.8 5.6 0 9 2.1 10.3 2.9l-2.9 5.1c-1.2-.8-3.8-2.3-7.2-2.3s-5 1.4-5 3.6c0 2.7 2.9 3.6 6.6 5.1 5.4 2.2 9.6 4.6 9.6 10.2.1 6.5-4.7 10.3-12.5 10.3z"/></g></svg> </a> <div class="header-search__component___1RSVP" data-component="header-search" > <div class="header-search__wrapper___FYIUg"> <form class="header-search__form___RuxkB" name="search-form" action="https://www.snexplores.org" method="GET" > <span class="header-search__icon___uxqmg header-search__search___NGEPN"> </span> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="header-search-input"> Search </label> <input class="header-search__input___gFHbR" value="" id="header-search-input" type="search" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" name="s" placeholder="Search..." > </form> </div> <button class="header-search__toggle___gj55g" type="button" > <span class="header-search__toggle-inner___5AeR1"> <span class="header-search__icon___uxqmg header-search__open___xdwX0"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Open search</span> </span> <span class="header-search__icon___uxqmg header-search__close___mWW5s" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close search</span> </span> </span> </button> </div> </nav> <div class="site-header__branding___mjDel site-header__branding___ANiJ3" data-component="topics-menu"> <a class="site-header__home-link___3-eX5 site-header__home-link___wduac" href="https://www.snexplores.org/" rel="home" > <h1 class="screen-reader-text">Science News Explores</h1> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="354" height="34" viewBox="0 0 574 55.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="currentColor"><path d="m330.8.1h31.4v10.8h-17.4v6.2h13.9v9.8h-13.9v6.6h18.4v10.8h-32.4z"/><path d="m372.6 27.9-10-16h14l4.4 7.9 4.4-7.9h12.4l-10.1 15 11.1 17.3h-14l-5.2-9-5.4 9h-12.2z"/><path d="m398.7 12h12.2v4.7c1.8-3 5-5.6 9.9-5.6 7.4 0 13.5 5.5 13.5 16.8v.5c0 11.3-6.2 16.7-13.6 16.7-4.8 0-8.2-2.3-9.8-5.4v15.4h-12.2zm23.3 16.3v-.5c0-5.2-2.1-7.7-5.8-7.7s-5.6 2.7-5.6 7.7v.5c0 5 2 7.5 5.7 7.5s5.7-2.6 5.7-7.5z"/><path d="m435.7.1h12.1v44.2h-12.1z"/><path d="m449.2 28.5v-.5c0-10.5 7.9-16.9 18.1-16.9s17.9 6.2 17.9 16.6v.5c0 10.6-7.9 16.9-18 16.9s-18-5.9-18-16.6zm23.6-.2v-.4c0-5.1-1.8-7.8-5.6-7.8s-5.8 2.5-5.8 7.6v.5c0 5.3 1.9 8 5.8 8s5.6-2.8 5.6-7.9z"/><path d="m486.4 12h12.2v6.5c2-5 5.6-7 10.4-7v11.4c-6.7-.4-10.4 1.9-10.4 6.5v14.9h-12.2z"/><path d="m508.4 28.5v-.5c0-10.5 8-17 17.9-17 9.1 0 16.8 5.2 16.8 16.8v3h-22.5c.3 3.9 2.6 6 6.1 6s4.7-1.6 5.1-3.5h11.4c-1 7.4-6.6 11.8-16.9 11.8s-17.9-5.8-17.9-16.6zm23-4c-.1-3.5-1.8-5.6-5.1-5.6-3 0-5.1 1.9-5.6 5.6z"/><path d="m543.6 33.9h11.1c.4 2.1 1.2 3.3 4 3.3 2.4 0 3.4-.9 3.4-2.3s-1.4-2.2-5.7-2.7c-8.7-1-12.5-3.3-12.5-10.3 0-7.4 6.5-10.9 14.4-10.9 8.4 0 14 2.8 14.8 10.7h-11c-.4-1.9-1.4-3-3.6-3s-3.2 1-3.2 2.2c0 1.5 1.5 2.1 5.1 2.5 9.3 1.1 13.7 3.3 13.7 10.3 0 8-6.1 11.4-15.2 11.4s-15.2-3.9-15.3-11.2z"/><path d="m13.6 45.4c-7.2 0-11.8-2.8-13.6-4.4l3.5-5.2c1 .8 4.4 3.5 10.1 3.5 5.1 0 8.2-2.8 8.2-6.1 0-4.5-5-6.2-10.3-8.7-5.7-2.6-10.3-5.6-10.3-12.7s6.5-11.7 14.2-11.7c7.1 0 11 2.4 12.8 3.6l-3.4 5.3c-1.6-1-4.8-2.8-9.1-2.8s-6.9 2-6.9 5.5c0 3.8 3.6 5.3 8.3 7.4 6 2.7 12.4 5.6 12.4 13.9-.1 7.4-6.3 12.4-15.9 12.4z"/><path d="m46.7 45.4c-10.2 0-16.2-7.6-16.2-17.4 0-11.3 7.2-17.4 16.5-17.4 5.4 0 8.6 1.9 10.2 3l-2.7 5.1c-1.6-1.1-3.8-2.3-7.4-2.3-6 0-8.9 4.8-8.9 11.5s2.9 11.8 9.1 11.8c4 0 6.6-1.7 7.6-2.3l2.4 5c-1.4.9-4.6 3-10.6 3z"/><path d="m63 8.6c-2.5 0-4.4-2-4.4-4.3s2-4.3 4.4-4.3 4.4 2 4.4 4.3-1.9 4.3-4.4 4.3z"/><path d="m59.6 11.3h7.1v33.2h-7.1z"/><path d="m85.9 39.7c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-12 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.6c.3 6 3.1 10.6 9.4 10.6zm5.3-15.9c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m120.9 44.6v-22c0-3.7-1.3-5.8-5.1-5.8-4.2 0-7.4 4.1-8 5v22.8h-7.4v-33.3h7.2v4.5c1.6-2 5-5.3 10.6-5.3 7.1 0 9.9 4.7 9.9 10.6v23.5z"/><path d="m146.3 45.4c-10.2 0-16.2-7.6-16.2-17.4 0-11.3 7.2-17.4 16.5-17.4 5.4 0 8.6 1.9 10.2 3l-2.7 5.1c-1.6-1.1-3.8-2.3-7.4-2.3-6 0-8.9 4.8-8.9 11.5s2.9 11.8 9.1 11.8c4 0 6.6-1.7 7.6-2.3l2.4 5c-1.4.9-4.7 3-10.6 3z"/><path d="m172 39.7c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-12 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.8c.6 6 3.3 10.6 9.6 10.6zm5.3-15.9c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m218 44.6-17.8-27.8c-1.8-3-3.7-6.3-3.7-6.3 0 .1.2 2.9.2 5.4v28.6h-7v-44.4h7.9l16.9 26.2c2 3.5 3.9 7.1 3.9 7.1 0-.3-.2-3.1-.2-6.5v-26.8h7v44.5z"/><path d="m244.4 39.6c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-11.9 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.7c.3 6 3.1 10.6 9.4 10.6zm5.3-15.8c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m293.6 44.5h-6.6l-7.4-23.8h-.2l-7.5 23.8h-6.5l-9.6-33.2h7.8l5.9 22.9h.2l6.6-22.9h6.8l6.7 23h.1l6.1-23h7.3z"/><path d="m313.3 45.4c-5.4 0-9.1-1.8-11.2-3.2l2.7-5.2c1.2.9 4.4 2.8 8.2 2.8s6-1.4 6-3.8c0-2.6-3.1-3.5-7.9-5.7-4.9-2.2-8.2-4.7-8.2-10 0-5.8 4.5-9.8 11.5-9.8 5.6 0 9 2.1 10.3 2.9l-2.9 5.1c-1.2-.8-3.8-2.3-7.2-2.3s-5 1.4-5 3.6c0 2.7 2.9 3.6 6.6 5.1 5.4 2.2 9.6 4.6 9.6 10.2.1 6.5-4.7 10.3-12.5 10.3z"/></g></svg> </a> <nav class="topics-megamenu__wrapper___aqIhI" aria-label="Topics" > <ul class="topics-megamenu__list___Edgtm"> <li class="topics-megamenu__item___C4dFY" id="topic-menu-21" > <a class="topics-megamenu__link___nApx0" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topics/" > All Topics </a> <ul class="dropdown-all-topics__dropdown___KiDbM" id="topic-dropdown-all-22" > <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67 dropdown-all-topics__is-parent___Ijv-M" id="topic-dropdown-23" > Earth </a> <ul class="dropdown-all-topics__child-list___vQsZY"> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/environment" > Environment </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/climate" > Climate </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/oceans" > Oceans </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/agriculture" > Agriculture </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/humans" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67 dropdown-all-topics__is-parent___Ijv-M" id="topic-dropdown-24" > Humans </a> <ul class="dropdown-all-topics__child-list___vQsZY"> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/health-medicine" > Health & Medicine </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/psychology" > Psychology </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/archaeology" > Archaeology </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/life" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67 dropdown-all-topics__is-parent___Ijv-M" id="topic-dropdown-25" > Life </a> <ul class="dropdown-all-topics__child-list___vQsZY"> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/animals" > Animals </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/brain" > Brain </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/plants" > Plants </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/fossils" > Fossils </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/ecosystems" > Ecosystems </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/microbes" > Microbes </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/genetics" > Genetics </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/physics" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67 dropdown-all-topics__is-parent___Ijv-M" id="topic-dropdown-26" > Physics </a> <ul class="dropdown-all-topics__child-list___vQsZY"> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/materials-science" > Materials Science </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67 dropdown-all-topics__is-parent___Ijv-M" id="topic-dropdown-27" > Space </a> <ul class="dropdown-all-topics__child-list___vQsZY"> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/planets" > Planets </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/tech" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67 dropdown-all-topics__is-parent___Ijv-M" id="topic-dropdown-28" > Tech </a> <ul class="dropdown-all-topics__child-list___vQsZY"> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/computing" > Computing </a> </li> <li class="item"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/artificial-intelligence" > Artificial Intelligence </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/chemistry" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67" id="topic-dropdown-29" > Chemistry </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/math" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67" id="topic-dropdown-30" > Math </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-all-topics__top-level___IymYh"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/science-society" class="dropdown-all-topics__heading___Yot67" id="topic-dropdown-31" > Science & Society </a> </li> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topics/" class="dropdown-all-topics__archive-link___eLvSs" >All Topics</a> </ul> </li> <li class="topics-megamenu__item___C4dFY" id="topic-menu-32" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/life" class="topics-megamenu__link___nApx0" >Life</a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__dropdown___OMJ9C" id="topic-dropdown-life-33" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__top-level___selv9"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/life" class="dropdown-single-topic__heading___QxX1i is-parent" id="topic-dropdown-34" > Life </a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__child-list___k5xwj"> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/animals" > Animals </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/brain" > Brain </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/plants" > Plants </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/fossils" > Fossils </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/ecosystems" > Ecosystems </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/microbes" > Microbes </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/genetics" > Genetics </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__articles___o2knX"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Recent posts in Life</h2> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__article-list___uKqKD" aria-label="Recent posts in Life" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-1 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/animals" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Animals </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/giant-rats-sniff-stop-poaching"> Giant rat border agents could help put a stop to wildlife poaching </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/sophie-hartley" title="Posts by Sophie Hartley">Sophie Hartley</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-26T06:30:00-05:00">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-2 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/plants" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Plants </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/pollen-catapult-beat-rival-flowers"> Catapulting pollen helps this flower beat out its rivals </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/nala-rogers" title="Posts by Nala Rogers">Nala Rogers</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T06:30:00-05:00">November 25, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-3 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/microbes" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Microbes </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/bacteria-cell-division-mouth"> New type of division can split this microbe into 14 cells at once </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/saugat-bolakhe" title="Posts by Saugat Bolakhe">Saugat Bolakhe</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-22T06:30:00-05:00">November 22, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="topics-megamenu__item___C4dFY" id="topic-menu-35" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/humans" class="topics-megamenu__link___nApx0" >Humans</a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__dropdown___OMJ9C" id="topic-dropdown-humans-36" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__top-level___selv9"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/humans" class="dropdown-single-topic__heading___QxX1i is-parent" id="topic-dropdown-37" > Humans </a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__child-list___k5xwj"> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/health-medicine" > Health & Medicine </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/psychology" > Psychology </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/archaeology" > Archaeology </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__articles___o2knX"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Recent posts in Humans</h2> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__article-list___uKqKD" aria-label="Recent posts in Humans" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-1 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/archaeology" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Archaeology </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/lets-learn-about-ancient-pyramids"> Let’s learn about ancient pyramids </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T06:30:00-05:00">November 19, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-2 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Earth </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/pompeii-earthquakes-death-toll"> Earthquakes upped the death toll at Pompeii </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/carolyn-gramling" title="Posts by Carolyn Gramling">Carolyn Gramling</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T06:30:00-05:00">November 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-3 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/health-medicine" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Health & Medicine </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/science-curly-hair-care-behavior"> Science works to demystify hair and help it behave </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/kathiann-kowalski" title="Posts by Kathiann Kowalski">Kathiann Kowalski</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-14T06:30:00-05:00">November 14, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="topics-megamenu__item___C4dFY" id="topic-menu-38" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" class="topics-megamenu__link___nApx0" >Earth</a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__dropdown___OMJ9C" id="topic-dropdown-earth-39" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__top-level___selv9"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" class="dropdown-single-topic__heading___QxX1i is-parent" id="topic-dropdown-40" > Earth </a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__child-list___k5xwj"> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/environment" > Environment </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/climate" > Climate </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/oceans" > Oceans </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/agriculture" > Agriculture </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__articles___o2knX"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Recent posts in Earth</h2> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__article-list___uKqKD" aria-label="Recent posts in Earth" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-1 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Earth </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/pompeii-earthquakes-death-toll"> Earthquakes upped the death toll at Pompeii </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/carolyn-gramling" title="Posts by Carolyn Gramling">Carolyn Gramling</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T06:30:00-05:00">November 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-2 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Earth </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/how-volcanoes-erupt"> Explainer: How volcanoes erupt </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/carolyn-wilke" title="Posts by Carolyn Wilke">Carolyn Wilke</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T06:30:00-05:00">November 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-3 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Earth </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/new-electric-field-earth-atmosphere"> It’s electric! Long-sought new field found in Earth’s atmosphere </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/lisa-grossman" title="Posts by Lisa Grossman">Lisa Grossman</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-13T06:30:00-05:00">November 13, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="topics-megamenu__item___C4dFY" id="topic-menu-41" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space" class="topics-megamenu__link___nApx0" >Space</a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__dropdown___OMJ9C" id="topic-dropdown-space-42" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__top-level___selv9"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space" class="dropdown-single-topic__heading___QxX1i is-parent" id="topic-dropdown-43" > Space </a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__child-list___k5xwj"> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/planets" > Planets </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__articles___o2knX"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Recent posts in Space</h2> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__article-list___uKqKD" aria-label="Recent posts in Space" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-1 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Space </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/primordial-black-holes-dark-matter"> Microscopic black holes may be flying through our solar system </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/emily-conover" title="Posts by Emily Conover">Emily Conover</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-27T06:30:00-05:00">9 hours ago</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-2 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Space </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/moon-samples-far-side-earth"> The moon has new tales to share, some from its secretive far side </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/liz-kruesi" title="Posts by Liz Kruesi">Liz Kruesi</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-07T06:30:00-05:00">November 7, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-3 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/planets" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Planets </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-theia-definition-pronunciation"> Scientists Say: Theia </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/katie-grace-carpenter" title="Posts by Katie Grace Carpenter">Katie Grace Carpenter</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T06:30:00-05:00">November 4, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="topics-megamenu__item___C4dFY" id="topic-menu-44" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/tech" class="topics-megamenu__link___nApx0" >Tech</a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__dropdown___OMJ9C" id="topic-dropdown-tech-45" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__top-level___selv9"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/tech" class="dropdown-single-topic__heading___QxX1i is-parent" id="topic-dropdown-46" > Tech </a> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__child-list___k5xwj"> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/computing" > Computing </a> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__item___-0-XU"> <a class="link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/artificial-intelligence" > Artificial Intelligence </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__articles___o2knX"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Recent posts in Tech</h2> <ul class="dropdown-single-topic__article-list___uKqKD" aria-label="Recent posts in Tech" > <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-1 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/chemistry" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Chemistry </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-rocket-propellants-definition-pronunciation"> Scientists Say: Rocket propellants </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T06:30:00-05:00">November 25, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-2 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/materials-science" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Materials Science </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-quantum-dot-definition-pronunciation"> Scientists Say: Quantum dot </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T06:30:00-05:00">November 11, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown-single-topic__wrapper___-b9H5 item-3 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/tech" class="dropdown-single-topic__eyebrow___CF9bg" > Tech </a>  <h3 class="dropdown-single-topic__title___nZbZY" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/affordable-electronic-braille-reader"> This young engineer built an affordable electronic braille reader </a> </h3> <div class="dropdown-single-topic__meta___0BZNS"> By <span class="dropdown-single-topic__byline___qb9OQ author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="dropdown-single-topic__date___FCTfu entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-05T06:30:00-05:00">November 5, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="site-main"> <section class="featured-articles__wrapper___djpRN"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Featured Stories</h2> <div class="featured-articles__list___1zYro"> <article class="featured-primary-three-column__wrapper___qlFJC with-image has-eyebrow-flag"> <figure class="featured-primary-three-column__figure___dTCfc"> <a class="featured-primary-three-column__thumbnail___UIfB4" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/plants-intelligent-communicate-learn" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="680" height="383" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-680x383.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="a field of grass with a line of poplar trees in the distance on the right, under a blue sky with clouds" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-primary-three-column__content___ayIEb"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/plants" class="featured-primary-three-column__eyebrow___oamQy" > Plants </a>  <h3 class="featured-primary-three-column__title___l6a96" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/plants-intelligent-communicate-learn"> Are plants intelligent? It seems to depend on how you define it </a> </h3> <p class="featured-primary-three-column__excerpt___YccWW"> Plants can do a lot of the same things animals do: communicate, learn — even remember. Now scientists want to know if that means they’re intelligent. </p> <div class="featured-primary-three-column__meta___s4d2v"> By <span class="featured-primary-three-column__byline___Ba1wc author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/avery-hurt" title="Posts by Avery Elizabeth Hurt">Avery Elizabeth Hurt</a></span><time class="featured-primary-three-column__date___2bHIj entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-21T06:30:00-05:00">November 21, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> <div class="featured-articles__secondary___9DM9Y"> <article class="featured-secondary__wrapper___6uFWZ item-1 with-image has-eyebrow-flag"> <figure class="featured-secondary__figure___90qbg"> <a class="featured-secondary__thumbnail___1qTeQ" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/primordial-black-holes-dark-matter" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="An illustration shows a black hole, indicated by warped light, near a planet in the solar system" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-secondary__content___aGbcp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space" class="featured-secondary__eyebrow___QtjXw" > Space </a>  <h3 class="featured-secondary__title___mb8GK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/primordial-black-holes-dark-matter"> Microscopic black holes may be flying through our solar system </a> </h3> <div class="featured-secondary__meta___lSKsC"> By <span class="featured-secondary__byline___qvEKL author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/emily-conover" title="Posts by Emily Conover">Emily Conover</a></span><time class="featured-secondary__date___tByAn entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-27T06:30:00-05:00">9 hours ago</time> </div> </div> </article> <article class="featured-secondary__wrapper___6uFWZ item-2 with-image has-eyebrow-flag"> <figure class="featured-secondary__figure___90qbg"> <a class="featured-secondary__thumbnail___1qTeQ" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/giant-rats-sniff-stop-poaching" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="279" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-279x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="A rat wearing a red vest holds a small brown ball." loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-279x186.jpg 279w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-575x383.jpg 575w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-675x450.jpg 675w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-870x580.jpg 870w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-1164x776.jpg 1164w" sizes="(max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-secondary__content___aGbcp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/animals" class="featured-secondary__eyebrow___QtjXw" > Animals </a>  <h3 class="featured-secondary__title___mb8GK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/giant-rats-sniff-stop-poaching"> Giant rat border agents could help put a stop to wildlife poaching </a> </h3> <div class="featured-secondary__meta___lSKsC"> By <span class="featured-secondary__byline___qvEKL author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/sophie-hartley" title="Posts by Sophie Hartley">Sophie Hartley</a></span><time class="featured-secondary__date___tByAn entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-26T06:30:00-05:00">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="featured-articles__ternary___jra8W"> <article class="featured-secondary__wrapper___6uFWZ item-1 with-image hide-desktop-image"> <figure class="featured-secondary__figure___90qbg"> <a class="featured-secondary__thumbnail___1qTeQ" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/pollen-catapult-beat-rival-flowers" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="image-no-mobile" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1px" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091024_n_explosive-pollen-330x186.jpg 330w, data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 1w" /> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-secondary__content___aGbcp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/plants" class="featured-secondary__eyebrow___QtjXw" > Plants </a>  <h3 class="featured-secondary__title___mb8GK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/pollen-catapult-beat-rival-flowers"> Catapulting pollen helps this flower beat out its rivals </a> </h3> <div class="featured-secondary__meta___lSKsC"> By <span class="featured-secondary__byline___qvEKL author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/nala-rogers" title="Posts by Nala Rogers">Nala Rogers</a></span><time class="featured-secondary__date___tByAn entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T06:30:00-05:00">November 25, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> <article class="featured-secondary__wrapper___6uFWZ item-2 with-image hide-desktop-image"> <figure class="featured-secondary__figure___90qbg"> <a class="featured-secondary__thumbnail___1qTeQ" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/bacteria-cell-division-mouth" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="image-no-mobile" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1px" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091024_sb_dental_plaque_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 1w" /> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-secondary__content___aGbcp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/microbes" class="featured-secondary__eyebrow___QtjXw" > Microbes </a>  <h3 class="featured-secondary__title___mb8GK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/bacteria-cell-division-mouth"> New type of division can split this microbe into 14 cells at once </a> </h3> <div class="featured-secondary__meta___lSKsC"> By <span class="featured-secondary__byline___qvEKL author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/saugat-bolakhe" title="Posts by Saugat Bolakhe">Saugat Bolakhe</a></span><time class="featured-secondary__date___tByAn entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-22T06:30:00-05:00">November 22, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> <article class="featured-secondary__wrapper___6uFWZ item-3 with-image hide-desktop-image"> <figure class="featured-secondary__figure___90qbg"> <a class="featured-secondary__thumbnail___1qTeQ" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/lets-learn-about-ancient-pyramids" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="image-no-mobile" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1px" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_LL_pyramids_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 1w" /> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-secondary__content___aGbcp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/archaeology" class="featured-secondary__eyebrow___QtjXw" > Archaeology </a>  <h3 class="featured-secondary__title___mb8GK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/lets-learn-about-ancient-pyramids"> Let’s learn about ancient pyramids </a> </h3> <div class="featured-secondary__meta___lSKsC"> By <span class="featured-secondary__byline___qvEKL author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="featured-secondary__date___tByAn entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T06:30:00-05:00">November 19, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> <article class="featured-secondary__wrapper___6uFWZ item-4 with-image hide-desktop-image"> <figure class="featured-secondary__figure___90qbg"> <a class="featured-secondary__thumbnail___1qTeQ" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/poop-free-tadpoles-keep-pools-clean" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="248" height="186" src="image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="image-no-mobile" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1px" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Picture1-248x186.jpg 248w, data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 1w" /> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-secondary__content___aGbcp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/animals" class="featured-secondary__eyebrow___QtjXw" > Animals </a>  <h3 class="featured-secondary__title___mb8GK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/poop-free-tadpoles-keep-pools-clean"> To keep their pools clean, some tadpoles don’t poop for weeks </a> </h3> <div class="featured-secondary__meta___lSKsC"> By <span class="featured-secondary__byline___qvEKL author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/andrea-tamayo" title="Posts by Andrea Tamayo">Andrea Tamayo</a></span><time class="featured-secondary__date___tByAn entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-18T06:30:00-05:00">November 18, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="sections-three-across__section___nQWlz"> <div class="sections-three-across__container___JLAuw"> <div class="sections-three-across__item___oWcr0"> <h2 class="sections-three-across__heading___KSaeU"> <a href="https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/scientists-say-your-weekly-word">Word of the Week</a> </h2> <article class="sections-three-across__wrapper___ljKp0 with-image has-eyebrow-flag"> <figure class="figure"> <a class="sections-three-across__thumbnail___S57i4" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-rocket-propellants-definition-pronunciation" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="680" height="383" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_SS_rocket_propellants_feat-680x383.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="Boosted by rocket propellants, a rocket blasts off carrying the space shuttle Discovery. Clouds of smoke and steam billow near the ground." loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_SS_rocket_propellants_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_SS_rocket_propellants_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_SS_rocket_propellants_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_SS_rocket_propellants_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_SS_rocket_propellants_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_SS_rocket_propellants_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_SS_rocket_propellants_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="sections-three-across__content___DaiEN"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/chemistry" class="sections-three-across__eyebrow___Ugsbb" > Chemistry </a>  <h3 class="sections-three-across__title___ZxRnK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-rocket-propellants-definition-pronunciation"> Scientists Say: Rocket propellants </a> </h3> <p class="sections-three-across__excerpt___632TB"> Rockets need more than fuel to get where they need to go — they also need oxidizers to burn that fuel. Together, these chemical combos are known as rocket propellants. </p> <div class="sections-three-across__meta___wep-7"> By <span class="sections-three-across__byline___YhnKD author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="sections-three-across__date___rlYRS entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T06:30:00-05:00">November 25, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="sections-three-across__item___oWcr0"> <h2 class="sections-three-across__heading___KSaeU"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/collections/experiments">Experiments</a> </h2> <article class="sections-three-across__wrapper___ljKp0 with-image has-eyebrow-flag"> <figure class="figure"> <a class="sections-three-across__thumbnail___S57i4" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/experiment-what-makes-ice-melt-fastest" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="680" height="383" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_ice-melt-experiment_feat-680x383.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_ice-melt-experiment_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_ice-melt-experiment_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_ice-melt-experiment_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_ice-melt-experiment_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_ice-melt-experiment_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_ice-melt-experiment_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_ice-melt-experiment_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="sections-three-across__content___DaiEN"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/chemistry" class="sections-three-across__eyebrow___Ugsbb" > Chemistry </a>  <h3 class="sections-three-across__title___ZxRnK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/experiment-what-makes-ice-melt-fastest"> Experiment: What makes ice melt fastest? </a> </h3> <p class="sections-three-across__excerpt___632TB"> During the winter, you might have seen trucks spreading a mix of salt and sand on the roads to de-ice them. But how does that work? Let’s investigate. </p> <div class="sections-three-across__meta___wep-7"> By <span class="sections-three-across__byline___YhnKD author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/science-buddies" title="Posts by Science Buddies">Science Buddies</a></span><time class="sections-three-across__date___rlYRS entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T06:30:00-05:00">November 25, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="sections-three-across__item___oWcr0"> <h2 class="sections-three-across__heading___KSaeU"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article-type/analyze-this">Analyze This!</a> </h2> <article class="sections-three-across__wrapper___ljKp0 with-image has-eyebrow-flag"> <figure class="figure"> <a class="sections-three-across__thumbnail___S57i4" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/biggest-t-rex-size-fossils" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="680" height="383" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-680x383.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="a digital illustration of a T. rex standing and roaring to the left in a grassy clearing next to a water source. There are a few herbivores across the water and another behind it" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_AT_Trex_size_feat-1440x810.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="sections-three-across__content___DaiEN"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/fossils" class="sections-three-across__eyebrow___Ugsbb" > Fossils </a>  <h3 class="sections-three-across__title___ZxRnK" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/biggest-t-rex-size-fossils"> Analyze This: How big was the biggest <em>T. rex</em>? </a> </h3> <p class="sections-three-across__excerpt___632TB"> Only around 80 fossil Tyrannosaurus rex skeletons have been found. They probably don’t include the biggest T. rex that ever lived. </p> <div class="sections-three-across__meta___wep-7"> By <span class="sections-three-across__byline___YhnKD author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/carolyn-wilke" title="Posts by Carolyn Wilke">Carolyn Wilke</a></span><time class="sections-three-across__date___rlYRS entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-20T06:30:00-05:00">November 20, 2024</time> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/all-stories/" class="sections-three-across__archive-link___GnExR" >More Stories</a> </section> <section class="newsletter-signup__wrapper___lZ0W1 wp-block-house-ads wp-block-newsletter-signup"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/src/images/cta-module@1x.png 1x, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/src/images/cta-module@2x.png 2x" media="(min-width: 768px)" > <source srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/src/images/cta-module-sm@1x.png 1x, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/src/images/cta-module-sm@2x.png 2x" > <img class="newsletter-signup__background___Eym8W" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/src/images/cta-module-sm@2x.png" alt="" /> </picture> <div class="newsletter-signup__container___srNOL" data-component="newsletter-signup"> <h3 class="newsletter-signup__heading___0EHmb"> Educators and Parents, Sign Up for The Cheat Sheet </h3> <div class="newsletter-signup__message___pemaq"> <p>Weekly updates to help you use <em>Science News Explores</em> in the learning environment</p> </div> <div class="newsletter-signup__form-wrapper___zI7Ea"> <form role="form" class="login-form login-form--newsletter-signup __sn_ga-signup-form __sn_ga-signup-form--home" method="post" action="/wp-json/sn/v1/sns-newsletter" novalidate data-component="form-assembly" > <input type="hidden" id="nonce-47" name="nonce" value="425bf39f37" > <input type="hidden" id="redirect_url-48" name="redirect_url" value="https://www.snexplores.org" > <input type="hidden" id="control-49" name="control" value="5e7ffb1ef827595b9928b0e8e0034c52" > <input type="hidden" id="form_id-50" name="form_id" value="367" > <label for="client_key" class="login-form__client-key" aria-hidden="true" >Client key*</label> <input id="client_key" name="client_key" value="" class="login-form__client-key" aria-hidden="true" > <label for="email" class="login-form__label" >E-mail Address*</label> <input type="email" pattern=".+@.+\..+" required id="email" name="email" value="" aria-required="true" placeholder="E-mail" data-dataset-allow-free-responses="" class="validate-email required login-form__input" > <button type="submit" data-label="Submit" class="primaryAction login-form__submit post email __sn_ga-signup-cta __sn_ga-signup-cta--home" id="email367" >Go</button> </form> <div class="login-form__loading-overlay"> <div class="login-form__loading-spinner"></div> </div> </div> <p class="newsletter-signup__thankyou___K6GGN">Thank you for signing up!</p> <p class="newsletter-signup__error___hCsJI">There was a problem signing you up.</p> </div> </section> <section class="trending-stories__wrapper___-7tOu"> <h2 class="trending-stories__heading___-mY-6" id="carousel-heading" > What's Hot <span class="trending-stories__icon___TyRmb" aria-hidden="true" ></span> </h2> <div class="carousel__container___qc2xS carousel__container___bKHIO" data-component="carousel" aria-labelledby="carousel-heading" > <div class="carousel__controls-wrapper___-Avcz carousel__controls-wrapper___icD8R"></div> <ol class="carousel__slides___mx0jH carousel__slides___eKqkJ"> <li class="carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ item-1 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK"> <a class="carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-periodic-table" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1440_periodic_table_SS_immersive-330x186.png" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="A visual showing the periodic table of the elements" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1440_periodic_table_SS_immersive-330x186.png 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1440_periodic_table_SS_immersive-680x383.png 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1440_periodic_table_SS_immersive-800x450.png 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1440_periodic_table_SS_immersive-768x432.png 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1440_periodic_table_SS_immersive-1030x580.png 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1440_periodic_table_SS_immersive-1380x776.png 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1440_periodic_table_SS_immersive.png 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/chemistry" class="carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N" > Chemistry </a>  <h3 class="carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-periodic-table"> Scientists Say: Periodic table </a> </h3> <div class="carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc"> By <span class="carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/carolyn-wilke" title="Posts by Carolyn Wilke">Carolyn Wilke</a></span><time class="carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP entry-date published" datetime="2019-10-14T05:46:23-04:00">October 14, 2019</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ item-2 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK"> <a class="carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/explainer-earth-layer-layer" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="177" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/860_earthlayers-330x177.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="a cut away diagram showing the innner layers of the Earth" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/860_earthlayers-330x177.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/860_earthlayers-680x364.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/860_earthlayers-800x428.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/860_earthlayers-768x411.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/860_earthlayers.jpg 860w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth" class="carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N" > Earth </a>  <h3 class="carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/explainer-earth-layer-layer"> Explainer: Earth — layer by layer </a> </h3> <div class="carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc"> By <span class="carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/beth-geiger" title="Posts by Beth Geiger">Beth Geiger</a></span><time class="carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP entry-date published" datetime="2019-11-11T06:45:24-05:00">November 11, 2019</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ item-3 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK"> <a class="carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/primordial-black-holes-dark-matter" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="An illustration shows a black hole, indicated by warped light, near a planet in the solar system" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space" class="carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N" > Space </a>  <h3 class="carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/primordial-black-holes-dark-matter"> Microscopic black holes may be flying through our solar system </a> </h3> <div class="carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc"> By <span class="carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/emily-conover" title="Posts by Emily Conover">Emily Conover</a></span><time class="carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-27T06:30:00-05:00">9 hours ago</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ item-4 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK"> <a class="carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/plants-intelligent-communicate-learn" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="a field of grass with a line of poplar trees in the distance on the right, under a blue sky with clouds" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_plant_intelligence_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/plants" class="carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N" > Plants </a>  <h3 class="carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/plants-intelligent-communicate-learn"> Are plants intelligent? It seems to depend on how you define it </a> </h3> <div class="carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc"> By <span class="carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/avery-hurt" title="Posts by Avery Elizabeth Hurt">Avery Elizabeth Hurt</a></span><time class="carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-21T06:30:00-05:00">November 21, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ item-5 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK"> <a class="carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/top-10-tips-study-smarter-not-longer-study-skills" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1030_science_better_learning-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="teen reading on a tablet lying in bed" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1030_science_better_learning-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1030_science_better_learning-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1030_science_better_learning-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1030_science_better_learning-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1030_science_better_learning.jpg 1030w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/science-society" class="carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N" > Science & Society </a>  <h3 class="carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/top-10-tips-study-smarter-not-longer-study-skills"> Top 10 tips on how to study smarter, not longer </a> </h3> <div class="carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc"> By <span class="carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/kathiann-kowalski" title="Posts by Kathiann Kowalski">Kathiann Kowalski</a></span><time class="carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP entry-date published" datetime="2020-09-09T06:30:00-04:00">September 9, 2020</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ item-6 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK"> <a class="carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/science-ghosts" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="177" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/860_ghoststairs-330x177.png" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="860_ghoststairs.png" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/860_ghoststairs-330x177.png 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/860_ghoststairs-680x364.png 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/860_ghoststairs-768x411.png 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/860_ghoststairs-800x428.png 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/860_ghoststairs.png 860w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/health-medicine" class="carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N" > Health & Medicine </a>  <h3 class="carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/science-ghosts"> The science of ghosts </a> </h3> <div class="carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc"> By <span class="carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/kathryn-hulick" title="Posts by Kathryn Hulick">Kathryn Hulick</a></span><time class="carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP entry-date published" datetime="2019-10-31T05:45:23-04:00">October 31, 2019</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ item-7 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK"> <a class="carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/giant-rats-sniff-stop-poaching" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="279" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-279x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="A rat wearing a red vest holds a small brown ball." loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-279x186.jpg 279w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-575x383.jpg 575w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-675x450.jpg 675w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-870x580.jpg 870w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-1164x776.jpg 1164w" sizes="(max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/animals" class="carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N" > Animals </a>  <h3 class="carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/giant-rats-sniff-stop-poaching"> Giant rat border agents could help put a stop to wildlife poaching </a> </h3> <div class="carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc"> By <span class="carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/sophie-hartley" title="Posts by Sophie Hartley">Sophie Hartley</a></span><time class="carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-26T06:30:00-05:00">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="carousel__wrapper___7Fbl- carousel__wrapper___wIECZ item-8 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="carousel__figure___QAIHC carousel__figure___kTYKK"> <a class="carousel__thumbnail___Oh--G carousel__thumbnail___qpV-2" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/explainer-how-do-mass-and-weight-differ" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1030_mass_vs_weight_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="a picture of a brass metal balance scale, one each side are metal weights. One side is lower than the other side. There are also metal weights in front of the scale arranged from largest to smallest." loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1030_mass_vs_weight_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1030_mass_vs_weight_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1030_mass_vs_weight_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1030_mass_vs_weight_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1030_mass_vs_weight_feat.jpg 1030w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="carousel__content___jvfX6 carousel__content___Lm9o8"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/physics" class="carousel__eyebrow___civBx carousel__eyebrow___VMI-N" > Physics </a>  <h3 class="carousel__title___zm2BW carousel__title___1uDeB" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/explainer-how-do-mass-and-weight-differ"> Explainer: How do mass and weight differ? </a> </h3> <div class="carousel__meta___zJqYh carousel__meta___gWzdc"> By <span class="carousel__byline___EEN96 carousel__byline___W1NyC author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/trisha-muro" title="Posts by Trisha Muro">Trisha Muro</a></span><time class="carousel__date___5ZueN carousel__date___6yarP entry-date published" datetime="2022-02-22T06:30:00-05:00">February 22, 2022</time> </div> </div> </li> </ol> </div> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/all-stories/" class="trending-stories__archive-link___e25Wo __sn_ga-all-stories-cta __sn_ga-all-stories-cta--home" >More Stories</a> </section> <section class="promoted-stories__section___0m7AO"> <h2 class="promoted-stories__heading___0Ab69">Happy Reverse Jurassic Park Day! 🦃🟰🦖 🍽️😋</h2> <div class="promoted-stories__container___aC0SZ"> <figure class="figure"> <a class="promoted-stories__thumbnail___L7E8z" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/lets-learn-about-why-turkeys-are-dinosaurs" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="800" height="450" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/1440_LL_turkey-dino_feat-800x450.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </a> </figure> <ul class="promoted-stories__list___ZiUEy"> <li class="promoted-stories__wrapper___VQiRL no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h3 class="promoted-stories__title___Xi498" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/lets-learn-about-why-turkeys-are-dinosaurs"> Let’s learn about why turkeys are dinosaurs </a> </h3> <p class="promoted-stories__excerpt___opH5g"> Modern birds are the only dinosaurs that survived an apocalyptic extinction event 66 million years ago. </p> <div class="promoted-stories__meta___n-Afy"> By <span class="promoted-stories__byline___mJZu- author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="promoted-stories__date___TTHgH entry-date published" datetime="2023-11-21T06:30:00-05:00">November 21, 2023</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="promoted-stories__wrapper___VQiRL no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/math" class="promoted-stories__eyebrow___-Sr9q" > Math </a>  <h3 class="promoted-stories__title___Xi498" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/math-cake-cutting-fairness-sharing"> Cake-cutting math offers lessons that go far beyond dessert plates </a> </h3> <div class="promoted-stories__meta___n-Afy"> By <span class="promoted-stories__byline___mJZu- author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/stephen-ornes" title="Posts by Stephen Ornes">Stephen Ornes</a></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="promoted-stories__wrapper___VQiRL no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/math" class="promoted-stories__eyebrow___-Sr9q" > Math </a>  <h3 class="promoted-stories__title___Xi498" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/lets-learn-about-pi"> Let’s learn about pi </a> </h3> <div class="promoted-stories__meta___n-Afy"> By <span class="promoted-stories__byline___mJZu- author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="promoted-stories__wrapper___VQiRL no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/plants" class="promoted-stories__eyebrow___-Sr9q" > Plants </a>  <h3 class="promoted-stories__title___Xi498" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/heres-how-giant-pumpkins-get-so-big"> Here’s how giant pumpkins get so big </a> </h3> <div class="promoted-stories__meta___n-Afy"> By <span class="promoted-stories__byline___mJZu- author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/bethany-brookshire" title="Posts by Bethany Brookshire">Bethany Brookshire</a></span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="featured-media__wrapper___mIhxo"> <div class="featured-media__container___2Eoqj"> <header class="featured-media__header___-GVl-"> <h2 class="featured-media__heading___dTEPK featured-media__heading--dark___gVaDv"> Watch This </h2> </header> <div class="featured-media__list___UPJ17 featured-media__list--five-story___1ies3"> <article class="featured-media-primary__wrapper___MAUpC play-icon featured-media-primary__play-icon___cN01H" data-component="video-player"> <div id="video-container-51"></div> <figure class="figure figure--inline-video featured-media-primary__figure___I0uxl featured-media-primary__figure--inline-video___F4s1y"> <div class="thumbnail featured-media-primary__thumbnail___AwbKt" data-video-id="Qh2A96Z8tTs" > <span class="screen-reader-text">Play the video</span> <img width="680" height="383" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/082824_jl_backflipping_feat_REV-680x383.gif" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> <button class="featured-media-primary__icon___3JSS5"> <span class="featured-media-primary__video___-EFZC" data-video-loading> <span class="screen-reader-text">Play</span> </span> </button> </div> </figure> <div class="content"> <h3 class="featured-media-primary__title___fFhyx featured-media-primary__title--dark___TOhJz"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/springtail-fastest-backflip"> A springtail’s spring-loaded backflip is fast — really fast </a> </h3> <p class="featured-media-primary__excerpt___ru8Ij featured-media-primary__excerpt--dark___N8q-s"> Globular springtails can seem to vanish as they spin backwards at rates of up to 368 rotations per second! So don’t blink. </p> </div> </article> <div class="featured-media__pull___xKxud grouping"> <article class="featured-media-secondary__wrapper___h9di9 item-1 play-icon featured-media-secondary__play-icon___DyqS6"> <figure class="figure featured-media-secondary__figure___Spmxp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/parrots-evolved-intelligence-bird-brain" class="featured-media-secondary__thumbnail___lwApK" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/012724_parrots_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> <span class="featured-media-secondary__icon___vzzVu"> <span class="featured-media-secondary__video___PO-Et" data-video-loading ></span> </span> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-media-secondary__content___Vmwhw"> <h3 class="featured-media-secondary__title___LqM-t featured-media-secondary__title--dark___xMePf"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/parrots-evolved-intelligence-bird-brain"> Parrots may offer clues to how our intelligence evolved </a> </h3> </div> </article> <article class="featured-media-secondary__wrapper___h9di9 item-2 play-icon featured-media-secondary__play-icon___DyqS6"> <figure class="figure featured-media-secondary__figure___Spmxp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/belugas-shape-forehead-fat-communicate" class="featured-media-secondary__thumbnail___lwApK" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/042424_eb_beluga-noggins_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> <span class="featured-media-secondary__icon___vzzVu"> <span class="featured-media-secondary__video___PO-Et" data-video-loading ></span> </span> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-media-secondary__content___Vmwhw"> <h3 class="featured-media-secondary__title___LqM-t featured-media-secondary__title--dark___xMePf"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/belugas-shape-forehead-fat-communicate"> Belugas can warp and wiggle their forehead fat like Jell-O </a> </h3> </div> </article> </div> <div class="grouping"> <article class="featured-media-secondary__wrapper___h9di9 item-1 play-icon featured-media-secondary__play-icon___DyqS6"> <figure class="figure featured-media-secondary__figure___Spmxp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/what-the-weird-world-of-protists-can-teach-us-about-life-on-earth" class="featured-media-secondary__thumbnail___lwApK" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/100723_protist_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> <span class="featured-media-secondary__icon___vzzVu"> <span class="featured-media-secondary__video___PO-Et" data-video-loading ></span> </span> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-media-secondary__content___Vmwhw"> <h3 class="featured-media-secondary__title___LqM-t featured-media-secondary__title--dark___xMePf"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/what-the-weird-world-of-protists-can-teach-us-about-life-on-earth"> What the weird world of protists can teach us about life on Earth </a> </h3> </div> </article> <article class="featured-media-secondary__wrapper___h9di9 item-2 play-icon featured-media-secondary__play-icon___DyqS6"> <figure class="figure featured-media-secondary__figure___Spmxp"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/egg-laying-amphibian-feeds-babies-milk" class="featured-media-secondary__thumbnail___lwApK" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/030624_jb_amphibian-milk_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> <span class="featured-media-secondary__icon___vzzVu"> <span class="featured-media-secondary__video___PO-Et" data-video-loading ></span> </span> </a> </figure> <div class="featured-media-secondary__content___Vmwhw"> <h3 class="featured-media-secondary__title___LqM-t featured-media-secondary__title--dark___xMePf"> <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/egg-laying-amphibian-feeds-babies-milk"> This egg-laying amphibian feeds its babies ‘milk’ </a> </h3> </div> </article> </div> </div> <a class="featured-media__cta___cL1Q6" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/tag/multimedia" > All Media </a> </div> </section> <section class="topics-river__wrapper___5vAnj"> <h2 class="topics-river__heading___kIWVv"> More Stories </h2> <div class="term-river-grid__container___U6npZ term-river-grid__container___lq56H"> <div class="term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB"> <header class="term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY"> <h3 class="term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK" id="group-heading-5" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/earth"> Earth </a> </h3> </header> <ul class="list" aria-labelledby="group-heading-5" > <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"> <a class="term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/how-volcanoes-erupt" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_volcanic_eruption_explainer_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="a picture of lava shooting out of a volcano and flowing away in a stream" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_volcanic_eruption_explainer_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_volcanic_eruption_explainer_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_volcanic_eruption_explainer_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_volcanic_eruption_explainer_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_volcanic_eruption_explainer_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_volcanic_eruption_explainer_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1440_volcanic_eruption_explainer_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/how-volcanoes-erupt"> Explainer: How volcanoes erupt </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/carolyn-wilke" title="Posts by Carolyn Wilke">Carolyn Wilke</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T06:30:00-05:00">November 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/pompeii-earthquakes-death-toll"> Earthquakes upped the death toll at Pompeii </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/carolyn-gramling" title="Posts by Carolyn Gramling">Carolyn Gramling</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T06:30:00-05:00">November 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/new-electric-field-earth-atmosphere"> It’s electric! Long-sought new field found in Earth’s atmosphere </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/lisa-grossman" title="Posts by Lisa Grossman">Lisa Grossman</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-13T06:30:00-05:00">November 13, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB"> <header class="term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY"> <h3 class="term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK" id="group-heading-3" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/space"> Space </a> </h3> </header> <ul class="list" aria-labelledby="group-heading-3" > <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"> <a class="term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/primordial-black-holes-dark-matter" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="An illustration shows a black hole, indicated by warped light, near a planet in the solar system" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/091624_ec_primordial-blackholes_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/primordial-black-holes-dark-matter"> Microscopic black holes may be flying through our solar system </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/emily-conover" title="Posts by Emily Conover">Emily Conover</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-27T06:30:00-05:00">9 hours ago</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/moon-samples-far-side-earth"> The moon has new tales to share, some from its secretive far side </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/liz-kruesi" title="Posts by Liz Kruesi">Liz Kruesi</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-07T06:30:00-05:00">November 7, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/why-scientists-now-studying-ufos"> Why are scientists suddenly interested in UFOs? </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/avery-hurt" title="Posts by Avery Elizabeth Hurt">Avery Elizabeth Hurt</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-31T06:30:00-04:00">October 31, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB"> <header class="term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY"> <h3 class="term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK" id="group-heading-7" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/tech"> Tech </a> </h3> </header> <ul class="list" aria-labelledby="group-heading-7" > <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"> <a class="term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/affordable-electronic-braille-reader" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_Yash_Mehta_feat2-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Yash Mehta stands in front of a scientific poster with words and pictures describing his project. The braille reader he holds is an electronic device with several wires and components." loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_Yash_Mehta_feat2-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_Yash_Mehta_feat2-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_Yash_Mehta_feat2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_Yash_Mehta_feat2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_Yash_Mehta_feat2-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_Yash_Mehta_feat2-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_Yash_Mehta_feat2.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/affordable-electronic-braille-reader"> This young engineer built an affordable electronic braille reader </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-05T06:30:00-05:00">November 5, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/dna-data-stored-in-amber-jurassic-park"> A <em>Jurassic Park</em>-inspired method can safely store data in DNA </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/payal-dhar" title="Posts by Payal Dhar">Payal Dhar</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-16T06:30:00-04:00">October 16, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/cool-artificial-turf-evaporation-system"> New system uses evaporation to greatly cool artificial turf </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/laura-allen" title="Posts by Laura Allen">Laura Allen</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-11T06:30:00-04:00">September 11, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB"> <header class="term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY"> <h3 class="term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK" id="group-heading-6" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/environment"> Environment </a> </h3> </header> <ul class="list" aria-labelledby="group-heading-6" > <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"> <a class="term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/noahs-ark-seed-bank-on-moon" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/080824_gt_lunar-biobank_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="A photo of Earth taken by a NASA spacecraft in orbit around the moon" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/080824_gt_lunar-biobank_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/080824_gt_lunar-biobank_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/080824_gt_lunar-biobank_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/080824_gt_lunar-biobank_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/080824_gt_lunar-biobank_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/080824_gt_lunar-biobank_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/080824_gt_lunar-biobank_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/noahs-ark-seed-bank-on-moon"> Scientists want to create a sort of Noah’s Ark on the moon </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/gennaro-tomma" title="Posts by Gennaro Tomma">Gennaro Tomma</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-11T06:30:00-04:00">October 11, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/plastic-pollution-microbes-break-down-algae-plants"> To limit pollution, new recipe makes plastic a treat for microbes </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/skyler-ware" title="Posts by Skyler Ware">Skyler Ware</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-13T06:30:00-04:00">May 13, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-carbon-capture-definition-pronunciation"> Scientists Say: Carbon capture </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/katie-grace-carpenter" title="Posts by Katie Grace Carpenter">Katie Grace Carpenter</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-03-18T06:30:00-04:00">March 18, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB"> <header class="term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY"> <h3 class="term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK" id="group-heading-12" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/animals"> Animals </a> </h3> </header> <ul class="list" aria-labelledby="group-heading-12" > <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"> <a class="term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/giant-rats-sniff-stop-poaching" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="279" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-279x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="A rat wearing a red vest holds a small brown ball." loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-279x186.jpg 279w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-575x383.jpg 575w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-675x450.jpg 675w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-870x580.jpg 870w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IMG_0240-1164x776.jpg 1164w" sizes="(max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/giant-rats-sniff-stop-poaching"> Giant rat border agents could help put a stop to wildlife poaching </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/sophie-hartley" title="Posts by Sophie Hartley">Sophie Hartley</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-26T06:30:00-05:00">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/poop-free-tadpoles-keep-pools-clean"> To keep their pools clean, some tadpoles don’t poop for weeks </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/andrea-tamayo" title="Posts by Andrea Tamayo">Andrea Tamayo</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-18T06:30:00-05:00">November 18, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-monotreme-definition-pronunciation"> Scientists Say: Monotreme </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/katie-grace-carpenter" title="Posts by Katie Grace Carpenter">Katie Grace Carpenter</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-18T06:30:00-05:00">November 18, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB"> <header class="term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY"> <h3 class="term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK" id="group-heading-17" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/brain"> Brain </a> </h3> </header> <ul class="list" aria-labelledby="group-heading-17" > <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"> <a class="term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/why-we-arent-left-or-right-brained" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_left_vs_right_brain_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="an illustration of the idea of the left brain being analytical (more angles and a circuitboard type network branching out) and right brain being more creative (vibrant and a network of colored strings)" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_left_vs_right_brain_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_left_vs_right_brain_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_left_vs_right_brain_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_left_vs_right_brain_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_left_vs_right_brain_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_left_vs_right_brain_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_left_vs_right_brain_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/why-we-arent-left-or-right-brained"> Why we aren’t really ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/rj-mackenzie" title="Posts by RJ Mackenzie">RJ Mackenzie</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-01T06:30:00-04:00">November 1, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/why-creative-arts-good-for-your-brain"> Here’s why being creative is good for your brain </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/avery-hurt" title="Posts by Avery Elizabeth Hurt">Avery Elizabeth Hurt</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-17T06:30:00-04:00">October 17, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/electric-body-brain-heart-bone"> Zap, zap, zap! Our bodies are electric </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/bethany-brookshire" title="Posts by Bethany Brookshire">Bethany Brookshire</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-03T06:30:00-04:00">October 3, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB"> <header class="term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY"> <h3 class="term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK" id="group-heading-13" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/physics"> Physics </a> </h3> </header> <ul class="list" aria-labelledby="group-heading-13" > <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"> <a class="term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/lets-learn-about-entanglement" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_LL_entanglement_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_LL_entanglement_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_LL_entanglement_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_LL_entanglement_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_LL_entanglement_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_LL_entanglement_feat-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_LL_entanglement_feat-1380x776.jpg 1380w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1440_LL_entanglement_feat.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/lets-learn-about-entanglement"> Let’s learn about entanglement </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/maria-temming" title="Posts by Maria Temming">Maria Temming</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-05T06:30:00-05:00">November 5, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/mayo-behavior-nuclear-fusion"> Weirdly, mayo can help study conditions ripe for nuclear fusion </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/emily-conover" title="Posts by Emily Conover">Emily Conover</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-02T06:30:00-04:00">October 2, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/science-of-paper-cuts"> Science reveals the reasons behind painful paper cuts </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/emily-conover" title="Posts by Emily Conover">Emily Conover</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-17T06:30:00-04:00">September 17, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="term-river-grid__group___whFHT term-river-grid__group___dbwFB"> <header class="term-river-grid__header___4-lzn term-river-grid__header___YLPhY"> <h3 class="term-river-grid__term-name___26qKj term-river-grid__term-name___rIVSK" id="group-heading-9" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/topic/health-medicine"> Health & Medicine </a> </h3> </header> <ul class="list" aria-labelledby="group-heading-9" > <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 with-image has-eyebrow-flag" role="listitem"> <figure class="term-river-grid__figure___ole8d term-river-grid__figure___jC5X1"> <a class="term-river-grid__thumbnail___s1D3h term-river-grid__thumbnail___CSJfq" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/why-dandruff-forms-scalp-hair" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" > <img width="330" height="186" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1030_explainer_dandruff_feat-330x186.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="a photo of a person with short curly hair scratching their head, as seen from behind. White flakes of dandruff are visible on the collar and shoulders of their black dress shirt." loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1030_explainer_dandruff_feat-330x186.jpg 330w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1030_explainer_dandruff_feat-680x383.jpg 680w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1030_explainer_dandruff_feat-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1030_explainer_dandruff_feat-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1030_explainer_dandruff_feat.jpg 1030w" sizes="(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/why-dandruff-forms-scalp-hair"> Why you shouldn’t just brush off dandruff </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/kathiann-kowalski" title="Posts by Kathiann Kowalski">Kathiann Kowalski</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-14T06:30:00-05:00">November 14, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/science-curly-hair-care-behavior"> Science works to demystify hair and help it behave </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/kathiann-kowalski" title="Posts by Kathiann Kowalski">Kathiann Kowalski</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-14T06:30:00-05:00">November 14, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="term-river-grid__wrapper___RYeIN term-river-grid__wrapper___ceqo9 no-image" role="listitem"> <div class="content">  <h4 class="term-river-grid__title___AFxuu term-river-grid__title___rAITz" > <a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/explainer-how-heart-beats"> Explainer: Anatomy of a heartbeat </a> </h4> <div class="term-river-grid__meta___Ftsj5 term-river-grid__meta___Lg-HO"> By <span class="term-river-grid__byline___7Jdzt term-river-grid__byline___Zxqg2 author vcard"><a class="byline-link url fn n" href="https://www.snexplores.org/author/bethany-brookshire" title="Posts by Bethany Brookshire">Bethany Brookshire</a></span><time class="term-river-grid__date___FETCO term-river-grid__date___M9fJv entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-03T06:30:00-04:00">October 3, 2024</time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </main> </div> <div class="site-footer__wrapper___POuFL"> <footer class="site-footer__container___E3hJN"> <div class="site-footer__content___F6HqT"> <div class="site-footer__branding___b8I-p"> <a class="site-footer__logo___DVV-7" href="https://www.snexplores.org/" rel="home" > <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Science News Explores</h2> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="354" height="34" viewBox="0 0 574 55.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="currentColor"><path d="m330.8.1h31.4v10.8h-17.4v6.2h13.9v9.8h-13.9v6.6h18.4v10.8h-32.4z"/><path d="m372.6 27.9-10-16h14l4.4 7.9 4.4-7.9h12.4l-10.1 15 11.1 17.3h-14l-5.2-9-5.4 9h-12.2z"/><path d="m398.7 12h12.2v4.7c1.8-3 5-5.6 9.9-5.6 7.4 0 13.5 5.5 13.5 16.8v.5c0 11.3-6.2 16.7-13.6 16.7-4.8 0-8.2-2.3-9.8-5.4v15.4h-12.2zm23.3 16.3v-.5c0-5.2-2.1-7.7-5.8-7.7s-5.6 2.7-5.6 7.7v.5c0 5 2 7.5 5.7 7.5s5.7-2.6 5.7-7.5z"/><path d="m435.7.1h12.1v44.2h-12.1z"/><path d="m449.2 28.5v-.5c0-10.5 7.9-16.9 18.1-16.9s17.9 6.2 17.9 16.6v.5c0 10.6-7.9 16.9-18 16.9s-18-5.9-18-16.6zm23.6-.2v-.4c0-5.1-1.8-7.8-5.6-7.8s-5.8 2.5-5.8 7.6v.5c0 5.3 1.9 8 5.8 8s5.6-2.8 5.6-7.9z"/><path d="m486.4 12h12.2v6.5c2-5 5.6-7 10.4-7v11.4c-6.7-.4-10.4 1.9-10.4 6.5v14.9h-12.2z"/><path d="m508.4 28.5v-.5c0-10.5 8-17 17.9-17 9.1 0 16.8 5.2 16.8 16.8v3h-22.5c.3 3.9 2.6 6 6.1 6s4.7-1.6 5.1-3.5h11.4c-1 7.4-6.6 11.8-16.9 11.8s-17.9-5.8-17.9-16.6zm23-4c-.1-3.5-1.8-5.6-5.1-5.6-3 0-5.1 1.9-5.6 5.6z"/><path d="m543.6 33.9h11.1c.4 2.1 1.2 3.3 4 3.3 2.4 0 3.4-.9 3.4-2.3s-1.4-2.2-5.7-2.7c-8.7-1-12.5-3.3-12.5-10.3 0-7.4 6.5-10.9 14.4-10.9 8.4 0 14 2.8 14.8 10.7h-11c-.4-1.9-1.4-3-3.6-3s-3.2 1-3.2 2.2c0 1.5 1.5 2.1 5.1 2.5 9.3 1.1 13.7 3.3 13.7 10.3 0 8-6.1 11.4-15.2 11.4s-15.2-3.9-15.3-11.2z"/><path d="m13.6 45.4c-7.2 0-11.8-2.8-13.6-4.4l3.5-5.2c1 .8 4.4 3.5 10.1 3.5 5.1 0 8.2-2.8 8.2-6.1 0-4.5-5-6.2-10.3-8.7-5.7-2.6-10.3-5.6-10.3-12.7s6.5-11.7 14.2-11.7c7.1 0 11 2.4 12.8 3.6l-3.4 5.3c-1.6-1-4.8-2.8-9.1-2.8s-6.9 2-6.9 5.5c0 3.8 3.6 5.3 8.3 7.4 6 2.7 12.4 5.6 12.4 13.9-.1 7.4-6.3 12.4-15.9 12.4z"/><path d="m46.7 45.4c-10.2 0-16.2-7.6-16.2-17.4 0-11.3 7.2-17.4 16.5-17.4 5.4 0 8.6 1.9 10.2 3l-2.7 5.1c-1.6-1.1-3.8-2.3-7.4-2.3-6 0-8.9 4.8-8.9 11.5s2.9 11.8 9.1 11.8c4 0 6.6-1.7 7.6-2.3l2.4 5c-1.4.9-4.6 3-10.6 3z"/><path d="m63 8.6c-2.5 0-4.4-2-4.4-4.3s2-4.3 4.4-4.3 4.4 2 4.4 4.3-1.9 4.3-4.4 4.3z"/><path d="m59.6 11.3h7.1v33.2h-7.1z"/><path d="m85.9 39.7c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-12 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.6c.3 6 3.1 10.6 9.4 10.6zm5.3-15.9c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m120.9 44.6v-22c0-3.7-1.3-5.8-5.1-5.8-4.2 0-7.4 4.1-8 5v22.8h-7.4v-33.3h7.2v4.5c1.6-2 5-5.3 10.6-5.3 7.1 0 9.9 4.7 9.9 10.6v23.5z"/><path d="m146.3 45.4c-10.2 0-16.2-7.6-16.2-17.4 0-11.3 7.2-17.4 16.5-17.4 5.4 0 8.6 1.9 10.2 3l-2.7 5.1c-1.6-1.1-3.8-2.3-7.4-2.3-6 0-8.9 4.8-8.9 11.5s2.9 11.8 9.1 11.8c4 0 6.6-1.7 7.6-2.3l2.4 5c-1.4.9-4.7 3-10.6 3z"/><path d="m172 39.7c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-12 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.8c.6 6 3.3 10.6 9.6 10.6zm5.3-15.9c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m218 44.6-17.8-27.8c-1.8-3-3.7-6.3-3.7-6.3 0 .1.2 2.9.2 5.4v28.6h-7v-44.4h7.9l16.9 26.2c2 3.5 3.9 7.1 3.9 7.1 0-.3-.2-3.1-.2-6.5v-26.8h7v44.5z"/><path d="m244.4 39.6c4.6 0 7.4-1.7 8.9-2.6l2.5 5c-1.9 1.2-5.5 3.3-11.9 3.3-10.9 0-16.6-7.4-16.6-17.6s6.7-17.2 15.7-17.2c9.8 0 14.8 7.1 13.7 18.5h-21.7c.3 6 3.1 10.6 9.4 10.6zm5.3-15.8c-.1-4.2-1.9-7.8-6.8-7.8-4.5 0-6.9 3-7.7 7.8z"/><path d="m293.6 44.5h-6.6l-7.4-23.8h-.2l-7.5 23.8h-6.5l-9.6-33.2h7.8l5.9 22.9h.2l6.6-22.9h6.8l6.7 23h.1l6.1-23h7.3z"/><path d="m313.3 45.4c-5.4 0-9.1-1.8-11.2-3.2l2.7-5.2c1.2.9 4.4 2.8 8.2 2.8s6-1.4 6-3.8c0-2.6-3.1-3.5-7.9-5.7-4.9-2.2-8.2-4.7-8.2-10 0-5.8 4.5-9.8 11.5-9.8 5.6 0 9 2.1 10.3 2.9l-2.9 5.1c-1.2-.8-3.8-2.3-7.2-2.3s-5 1.4-5 3.6c0 2.7 2.9 3.6 6.6 5.1 5.4 2.2 9.6 4.6 9.6 10.2.1 6.5-4.7 10.3-12.5 10.3z"/></g></svg> </a> <div class="site-footer__description___0k5ns"><p><span>Founded in 2003, </span><span>Science News Explores </span><span>is a free, award-winning online publication dedicated to providing age-appropriate science news to learners, parents and educators. The publication, as well as </span><span>Science News</span><span> magazine, are published by the Society for Science, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) membership organization dedicated to public engagement in scientific research and education. </span></p> </div> <ul class="site-footer__properties___pwoJR" aria-label="Additional properties" > <li class="site-footer__property___Ar9t-"> <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org" class="sn-link" >Science News</a> </li> <li class="site-footer__property___Ar9t-"> <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/learning/" class="snhs-link" >Science News Learning</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer__info___J9XjQ"> <div class="site-footer__menus___CF93y"> <nav class="site-footer__nav___Zm6fm" aria-labelledby="nav-heading-52" > <h3 class="site-footer__heading___SMwSV" id="nav-heading-52" > Subscriber Services </h3> <ul class="site-footer__menu___PN9jw site-footer__first___REJ9-"> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/subscribe?utm_source=snexplores&utm_medium=footer&utm_campaign=sne-footer&tfa_3134=sne-footer" > Subscribe </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://sfsdata.com/subscriberservices/AccountStart.html?PUB=SCE" > Renew </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/subscription-gift?utm_source=snexplores&utm_medium=footer&utm_campaign=sne-footer&tfa_3134=sne-footer" > Give a Gift Subscription </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://sfsdata.com/subscriberservices/AccountStart.html?PUB=SCE" > Customer Service </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="site-footer__social___Po1dd" aria-label="Social links" > <li class="site-footer__item___ZqAjZ"> <a class="site-footer__link___kV4dO site-footer__facebook___n15bH" href="https://www.facebook.com/SN.Explores" > <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow Science News on Facebook</span> <span class="site-footer__icon___t92l9"></span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__item___ZqAjZ"> <a class="site-footer__link___kV4dO site-footer__twitter___G0N9a" href="https://twitter.com/SN_Explores" > <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow Science News on X</span> <span class="site-footer__icon___t92l9"></span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__item___ZqAjZ"> <a class="site-footer__link___kV4dO site-footer__rss___pUKAw" href="https://www.snexplores.org/feed/" > <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow Science News via RSS</span> <span class="site-footer__icon___t92l9"></span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__item___ZqAjZ"> <a class="site-footer__link___kV4dO site-footer__instagram___VRTpX" href="https://www.instagram.com/sn.explores/" > <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow Science News on Instagram</span> <span class="site-footer__icon___t92l9"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="site-footer__nav___Zm6fm" aria-labelledby="nav-heading-53" > <h3 class="site-footer__heading___SMwSV" id="nav-heading-53" > More Information </h3> <ul class="site-footer__menu___PN9jw"> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/how-to-use" > Using Science News Explores in the Classroom </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/permission-republish" > Rights & Permissions </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/newsletters" > Newsletters </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="site-footer__nav___Zm6fm" aria-labelledby="nav-heading-54" > <h3 class="site-footer__heading___SMwSV" id="nav-heading-54" > Society for Science </h3> <ul class="site-footer__menu___PN9jw"> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://www.societyforscience.org/" > About the Society </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://www.snexplores.org/give" > Donate </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__menu-item___BGGER"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://www.societyforscience.org/jobs-and-internships" > Careers </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__legal___z-Gu4"> <p class="copyright"> © Society for Science & the Public 2000–2024. All rights reserved. </p> <address class="site-footer__address___79B9V"> <span class="location">1719 N Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036</span> <a class="site-footer__phone___Xmwep" href="tel:202.785.2255" >202.785.2255</a> </address> <a class="site-footer__page___ADgU4" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/terms-of-service" >Terms of Service</a> <a class="site-footer__page___ADgU4" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/privacy-policy" >Privacy Policy</a> </div> </footer> </div> </div>  <div class="modal-conversion modal-conversion--modal" id="modal-conversion" data-delay="5" data-component="conversion-modal" hidden > <div class="modal-conversion__container"> <button type="button" class="modal-conversion__close" aria-label="Close" > <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 14 14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m14 1.41-1.41-1.41-5.59 5.59-5.59-5.59-1.41 1.41 5.59 5.59-5.59 5.59 1.41 1.41 5.59-5.59 5.59 5.59 1.41-1.41-5.59-5.59z"/></svg> </button> <div class="modal-conversion__content"> <div class="modal-conversion__content-target"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" id="adspeed-zones"> AdSpeed_jQuery("adspeed-zone-17125", 17125); AdSpeed_jQuery("adspeed-zone-99957", 99957); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/js/home.bundle.min.js?ver=764a2d9af40afa244583121220231132" id="sns-home-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.snexplores.org/wp-content/themes/sciencenews-sns-child/client/build/js/ab-test.bundle.min.js?ver=104f9b9af29d21c2933a121220231132" id="sns-ab-test-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202448.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"222407201\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"www.snexplores.org\",\"j\":\"1:13.9.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "222407201", "0" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"0f5eb1c6ac","applicationID":"373590574","transactionName":"YgYAMEsCWxJUAkULXltMIwdNCloPGhZDA0FFBhA=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":509,"atts":"TkEDRgMYSBw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>