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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Basic letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diacritic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diacritic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Diacritic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diacritic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Punctuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repeated_consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repeated_consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Repeated consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repeated_consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Example texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_to_Lontara_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_to_Lontara_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Comparison to Lontara script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_to_Lontara_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Unicode subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Font" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Font"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Font</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Font-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Digital_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Digital books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Makasar" title="Tulisan Makasar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan Makasar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="マカサル文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マカサル文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Jangang-jangang" title="Aksara Jangang-jangang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Aksara Jangang-jangang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical Indonesian writing system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:navajowhite;">Makasar Script<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">Jangang-jangang<br /><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻪𑻢𑻪𑻢</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kata_jangangjangang.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kata_jangangjangang.png/250px-Kata_jangangjangang.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kata_jangangjangang.png/375px-Kata_jangangjangang.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kata_jangangjangang.png/500px-Kata_jangangjangang.png 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">17th – 19th century AD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72947229?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese language</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic alphabet">Proto-Sinaitic alphabet</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Brāhmī script">Brāhmī</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Makasar Script</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balinese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Balinese alphabet">Balinese</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin scripts</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rencong_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rencong script">Rencong</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Maka</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(366)</span>, Makasar</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Makasar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11EE0.pdf">U+11EE0–U+11EFF</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)"><img alt="<?>" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Makasar_letter_ma.svg/40px-Makasar_letter_ma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Makasar_letter_ma.svg/60px-Makasar_letter_ma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Makasar_letter_ma.svg/80px-Makasar_letter_ma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains Makassar script.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Makasar" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> The <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> and its descendants</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Northern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Landa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudi_script" title="Gaudi script">Gaudi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagspa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagspa script">Phagspa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a> <ul><li>Marchung</li> <li>Pungs-chen</li> <li>Pungs-chung</li> <li>Drusha</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig" title="Tamyig">Tamyig</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocharian alphabet">Tocharian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Southern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li> <li>Proto-Tai script<sup>?</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Noi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai Noi script">Thai Noi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dai_Don_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dai Don script (page does not exist)">Dai Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lai_Pao_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lai Pao script (page does not exist)">Lai Pao</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulitan alphabet">Kulitan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">S'gaw Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan script">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><i>Lik-Tai scripts</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Khamti script">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_alphabet" title="Mon alphabet">Modern Mon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telugu-Kannada_alphabet" title="Telugu-Kannada alphabet">Telugu-Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brahmic" title="Template:Brahmic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brahmic" title="Template talk:Brahmic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brahmic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brahmic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Makasar script</b>, also known as <b>Ukiri' Jangang-jangang</b> (bird's script) or <b>Old Makasar script</b>, is a historical Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> that was used in <a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a> to write the <a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese language</a> between the 17th and 19th centuries until it was supplanted by the <a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara Bugis script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201949_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201949-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Makasar script is an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> which consists of 18 basic characters. Like other <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a>, each letter represents a syllable with an inherent vowel /a/, which can be changed with diacritics. The direction of writing is left to right. This script is written without wordspacing (<i><a href="/wiki/Scriptio_continua" title="Scriptio continua">scriptio continua</a></i>) and with little to no <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a>. "<a href="/wiki/Coda_(syllable)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coda (syllable)">Coda syllables</a>", or consonants at the end of syllables, are not written in the Makasar script, so a Makasar text can contain a lot of ambiguity which can only be distinguished from context. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scholars generally believe that the Makasar script was used before South Sulawesi received significant <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> influence around the 16th century AD, based on the fact that Makasar script uses the <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida system</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> rather than the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> which became commonplace in South Sulawesi later on.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight201655_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight201655-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This script has its roots in the Brahmi script from southern India, possibly brought to Sulawesi through the <a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi script</a> or another script derived from Kawi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight201657_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight201657-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996214_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996214-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20142_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20142-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The visual similarity of the <a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">South Sumatran characters</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang script</a> and the Makasar script has led some experts to suggest a relationship between the two scripts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993567–568_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993567–568-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher Miller states that the Makasar script is essentially derived from a pre-17th century variant of <a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> of South Sumatra, with some influence from the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese script</a>. Furthermore, Miller argues that the scripts of South Sumatra, South Sulawesi, and the Philippines descend from the <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati script</a>, which originates in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-miller1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in Stephen C Druce's opinion, it remains debatable as to whether the Makasar script was in use before the 17th century AD. This script is full of curls, curves, bridges and much more suited to being written with ink on paper rather than inscribed on palm-leaf. The Makasar script may thus have been a later innovation, which was developed from the Lontara Bugis script after paper had become available in the early 17th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are at least four documented writing systems that have been used in South Sulawesi, which are, chronologically, Makasar script, <a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara script</a>, Arabic script, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>. In the development of manuscripts, these four writing systems are often used together depending on the context of the writing, so it is common to find a manuscript that uses more than one script, including the Makasar script which is often found mixed with the <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Malay-Arabic alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996213–214_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996213–214-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Makasar script was originally thought to be the ancestor of the Lontara script, but both are now considered separate branches of an ancient prototype that is assumed to be extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201946_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some writers sometimes mention Daeng Pamatte', the <a href="/wiki/Harbourmaster" title="Harbourmaster">'syahbandar'</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Gowa" title="Sultanate of Gowa">Sultanate of Gowa</a> in the early 16th century AD, as the creator of the Makasar script based on a quote in the Gowa Chronicle (<a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese:</a> <i>Lontara Patturioloanga ri Tu Gowaya</i>) which reads <i>Daeng Pamatte' ampareki lontara' Mangkasaraka</i>, translated as "Daeng Pamatte' which created the Makassarese Lontara" in the translation of GJ Wolhoff and Abdurrahim published in 1959. However, this opinion is rejected by most historians and linguists today, who argue that the term <i>ampareki</i> in this context is more accurately translated as "composing" in the sense of compiling a library or completing historical records and writing system instead of script creation from nil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201947_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201947-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest surviving example of the Makasar script is the signature of the delegates from the Sultanete of Gowa in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bongaya" title="Treaty of Bongaya">Treaty of Bongaya</a> from 1667, which is now stored in the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Indonesia" title="National Archives of Indonesia">National Archives of Indonesia</a>. Meanwhile, one of the earliest manuscripts in the Makasar script of significant length that has survived, is the Gowa-Tallo chronicle from the mid 18th century AD which is kept at the <a href="/wiki/Koninklijk_Instituut_voor_de_Tropen" class="mw-redirect" title="Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen">Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen</a> (KIT), <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> (collection no. KIT 668/216).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20143–4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20143–4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, the Makasar script was gradually replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara Bugis script</a>, which Makassarese writers sometimes referred to as "New Lontara". This change was likely influenced by the decline in the prestige of the Sultanete of Gowa, along with the increasing strength of the <a href="/wiki/Buginese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Buginese people">Buginese tribe</a>. As the influence of Gowa decreased, the Makassar scribes no longer used Makasar script in official historical records or everyday documents, although it was still sometimes used in certain contexts as an attempt to distinguish Makassar's cultural identity from Buginese influence. The most recent manuscript with Makasar script so far known is the diary of a Gowa <i>tumailalang</i> (prime minister) from the 19th century whose script form has received significant influence from the Lontara Bugis script.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201947–49_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201947–49-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 19th century, the use of the Makasar script had been completely replaced by the Lontara Bugis script and nowadays there are no more native readers of the Makasar script.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201949_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201949-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Usage of the Makasar script</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center;" colspan="2"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 309.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 307.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detil_perjanjian_bungaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Makassar-script signature from Treaty of Bongaya, collection of the Indonesian National Archives"><img alt="Makassar-script signature from Treaty of Bongaya, collection of the Indonesian National Archives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Detil_perjanjian_bungaya.jpg/461px-Detil_perjanjian_bungaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Detil_perjanjian_bungaya.jpg/692px-Detil_perjanjian_bungaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Detil_perjanjian_bungaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Makassar-script signature from <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bongaya" title="Treaty of Bongaya">Treaty of Bongaya</a>, collection of the Indonesian National Archives </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gedeelte_van_het_dagboek_van_de_Vorsten_van_Gowa_in_oud_Makassaarschrift_TMnr_668-216.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diary of the prince of Gowa, collection of the Tropenmuseum"><img alt="Diary of the prince of Gowa, collection of the Tropenmuseum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gedeelte_van_het_dagboek_van_de_Vorsten_van_Gowa_in_oud_Makassaarschrift_TMnr_668-216.jpg/358px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gedeelte_van_het_dagboek_van_de_Vorsten_van_Gowa_in_oud_Makassaarschrift_TMnr_668-216.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gedeelte_van_het_dagboek_van_de_Vorsten_van_Gowa_in_oud_Makassaarschrift_TMnr_668-216.jpg/537px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gedeelte_van_het_dagboek_van_de_Vorsten_van_Gowa_in_oud_Makassaarschrift_TMnr_668-216.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gedeelte_van_het_dagboek_van_de_Vorsten_van_Gowa_in_oud_Makassaarschrift_TMnr_668-216.jpg/717px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gedeelte_van_het_dagboek_van_de_Vorsten_van_Gowa_in_oud_Makassaarschrift_TMnr_668-216.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Diary of the prince of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Gowa" title="Sultanate of Gowa">Gowa</a>, collection of the Tropenmuseum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Makassar_historical_record.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manuscript in Makassarese script and language around the 18th and 19th century, collection of the British Library"><img alt="Manuscript in Makassarese script and language around the 18th and 19th century, collection of the British Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Makassar_historical_record.jpg/363px-Makassar_historical_record.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Makassar_historical_record.jpg/544px-Makassar_historical_record.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Makassar_historical_record.jpg/725px-Makassar_historical_record.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="1432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manuscript in Makassarese script and language around the 18th and 19th century, collection of the British Library</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 398.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 396.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragment_of_daily_register_in_old_Makassar_script.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A fragment of a daily note, collection of the British Library"><img alt="A fragment of a daily note, collection of the British Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fragment_of_daily_register_in_old_Makassar_script.jpg/595px-Fragment_of_daily_register_in_old_Makassar_script.jpg" decoding="async" width="397" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Fragment_of_daily_register_in_old_Makassar_script.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A fragment of a daily note, collection of the British Library</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara script</a> which was used in the South Sulawesi cultural sphere, the Makasar script is used in a number of related text traditions, most of which are written in manuscripts. The term <i><b>lontara</b></i> (sometimes spelled <i><b>lontaraq</b></i> or <i><b>lontara<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></b></i> to denote the <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glotal stop</a> at the end) also refers to a literary genre that deals with history and genealogies, the most widely written and important writing topics by the <a href="/wiki/Buginese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Buginese people">Buginese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Makassar_people" title="Makassar people">Makassar people</a>. This genre can be divided into several sub-types: genealogy (<i>lontara' pangngoriseng</i>), daily registers (<i>lontara' bilang</i>), and historical or <a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicle records</a> (<i>patturioloang</i>). Each kingdom of South Sulawesi generally had their own official historiography in some compositional structure that utilized these three forms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996223–226_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996223–226-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to "historical" records from other parts of the archipelago, historical records in the literary tradition of South Sulawesi are considered to be decidedly more "realistic"; historical events are explained in a straightforward and plausible manner, and the relatively few fantastic elements are accompanied by markers such as the word "supposedly" so that the overall record feels factual and realistic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings20078_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings20078-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020xi–xii_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020xi–xii-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, historical records such as the Makassar's <i>patturiolong</i> are inseparable from their political function as a means of ratifying power, descent, and territorial claims of certain rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings200711_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings200711-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of these <i>patturiolongs</i> that was written in the Makasar script and have been researched by experts is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronicle_of_Gowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronicle of Gowa (page does not exist)">Chronicle of Gowa</a> which describes the history of the kings of Gowa from the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Gowa_and_Talloq" title="Early history of Gowa and Talloq">Kingdom of Gowa</a> to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Hasanuddin_of_Gowa" title="Hasanuddin of Gowa">Sultan Hasanuddin</a> in the 17th century AD. </p><p>The use of diaries is one of the unique south Sulawesi phenomena with no known analogy in other Malay writing traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TDaily registers are often made by high ranking member of societies, such as the sultans, the rulers (<i>arung</i>), or the prime ministers (<i>tumailalang</i>). The bulk of daily register consists of ruled tables with rows of dates, in which the register owner would log important events in the allocated space of each date. Not all lines are filled if the corresponding dates did not have anything considered worthwhile to note, but only one line is reserved for each date. For a particularly eventful date, the continuing line would be written sideways to the page, following a zig-zag pattern until all space are filled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambiguity">Ambiguity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ambiguity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makasar script does not have a <a href="/wiki/Virama" title="Virama">virama</a> or other ways to write dead syllables even though the <a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese language</a> has many words with coda syllables. For example, the final nasal sound /-ŋ/ and glottal /ʔ/ which are common in Makassar language are not written in the Makasar script spelling at all, so words like <i>ama</i> (chicken lice), <i>ama</i> (like), and <i>amang'</i> (safe) will all be written as <i>ama</i> <span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻥</span> in the Makassar script. The word <i>baba</i> <span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻤𑻤</span> in the Makasar script can refer to six possible words: <i>baba, baba', ba'ba, ba'ba', bamba,</i> and <i>bambang</i>. Given that Makasar script is also traditionally <a href="/wiki/Scriptio_continua" title="Scriptio continua">written without word breaks</a>, a typical text often have a lot of ambiguous portion which can often only be distinguished through context. Readers of Makasar texts need an adequate prior understanding of the language and contents of the text in question in order to read them fluently. This ambiguity is analogous to the use of Arabic letters without vowel markers; readers whose native language uses Arabic characters intuitively understand which vowels are appropriate to use in the context of the sentence concerned, so that <a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics" title="Arabic diacritics">vowel markers</a> are not needed in standard everyday texts. </p><p>Even so, sometimes even context isn't sufficient to reveal how to read a sentence whose reference is unknown to the reader. As an illustration, Cummings and Jukes provide the following example to illustrate how the Makasar script can produce different meanings depending on how the reader cuts and fills in the ambiguous part: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center">Lontara script </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Possible reading </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center">Latin </th> <th style="text-align: center">Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻤𑻵𑻦𑻱𑻳</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20149_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20149-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>a'bétai </td> <td>he won (<a href="/wiki/Intransitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Intransitive">intransitive</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ambétai </td> <td>he beat... (<a href="/wiki/Transitive_verb" title="Transitive verb">transitive</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻠𑻭𑻵𑻱𑻳𑻣𑻵𑻣𑻵𑻤𑻮𑻧𑻦𑻶𑻠</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>nakanréi pépé' balla' datoka </td> <td>fire devouring a temple </td></tr> <tr> <td>nakanréi pépé' balanda tokka' </td> <td>fire devouring a bald Hollander </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Without knowing the intent or event to which the author may be referring, it can be impossible for a general reader to determine the "correct" reading of the above sentence. Even the most proficient readers often needs to pause to re-interpret what they have read as new context are found in later portion of the same text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20146_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20146-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Form">Form</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_letters">Basic letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Basic letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basic letters (<span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻭𑻶𑻮𑻶𑻦𑻭</span> <i>anrong lontara’</i>) in Makasar script represent a syllable with inherent /a/. There are 18 basic letters, shown below:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;"><i><b>Basic letters</b></i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>ka </th> <th>ga </th> <th>nga </th> <th>pa </th> <th>ba </th> <th>ma </th> <th>ta </th> <th>da </th> <th>na </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/90px-Mak_ka.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/135px-Mak_ka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/180px-Mak_ka.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ga2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/90px-Mak_ga2.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/135px-Mak_ga2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/180px-Mak_ga2.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/90px-Mak_nga.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/135px-Mak_nga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/180px-Mak_nga.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_pa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/90px-Mak_pa.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/135px-Mak_pa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/180px-Mak_pa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ba.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/90px-Mak_ba.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/135px-Mak_ba.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/180px-Mak_ba.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ma.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/90px-Mak_ma.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/135px-Mak_ma.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/180px-Mak_ma.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/90px-Mak_ta.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/135px-Mak_ta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/180px-Mak_ta.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_da.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/90px-Mak_da.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/135px-Mak_da.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/180px-Mak_da.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/90px-Mak_na.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/135px-Mak_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/180px-Mak_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻠</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻡</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻢</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻣</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻤</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻥</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ca </th> <th>ja </th> <th>nya </th> <th>ya </th> <th>ra </th> <th>la </th> <th>wa </th> <th>sa </th> <th>a </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/90px-Mak_ca.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/135px-Mak_ca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/180px-Mak_ca.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/90px-Mak_ja.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/135px-Mak_ja.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/180px-Mak_ja.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/90px-Mak_nya.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/135px-Mak_nya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/180px-Mak_nya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/90px-Mak_ya.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/135px-Mak_ya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/180px-Mak_ya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/90px-Mak_ra.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/135px-Mak_ra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/180px-Mak_ra.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_la.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/90px-Mak_la.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/135px-Mak_la.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/180px-Mak_la.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_wa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/90px-Mak_wa.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/135px-Mak_wa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/180px-Mak_wa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_sa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/90px-Mak_sa.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/135px-Mak_sa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/180px-Mak_sa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_a.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/90px-Mak_a.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/135px-Mak_a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/180px-Mak_a.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻩</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻪</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻫</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻬</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻭</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻮</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻯</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻰</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note that the Makassar script has never undergone a standardization process like the Buginese <a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara script</a> later on, so there are many variations of writing that can be found in Makassar manuscripts. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20141_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20141-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The form in the table above is adapted from the characters used in <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gedeelte_van_het_dagboek_van_de_Vorsten_van_Gowa_in_oud_Makassaarschrift_TMnr_668-216.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gedeelte van het dagboek van de Vorsten van Gowa in oud Makassaarschrift TMnr 668-216.jpg">the diary of Pangeran Gowa, Tropenmuseum collection</a>, numbered KIT 668-216. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diacritic">Diacritic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diacritic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diacritics (<span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻨𑻮𑻶𑻦𑻭</span> <i>ana’ lontara’</i>) are markings on the basic letters to change its vowel. There are 4 diacritics, shown below:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;"><i><b>Vowel diacritics</b></i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th>-i </th> <th>-u </th> <th>-e<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_/e/_as_in_the_first_e_in"><a href="#endnote_/e/_as_in_the_first_e_in_"every"">[1]</a></sup> </th> <th>-o </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_i.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/90px-Lon_i.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/135px-Lon_i.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/180px-Lon_i.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_u.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/90px-Lon_u.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/135px-Lon_u.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/180px-Lon_u.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_e.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/90px-Lon_e.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/135px-Lon_e.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/180px-Lon_e.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_o.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/90px-Lon_o.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/135px-Lon_o.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/180px-Lon_o.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center">Name </th> <td style="text-align: center">ana' i rate <p><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻨𑻱𑻳𑻭𑻦𑻵</span> </p> </td> <td style="text-align: center">ana' i rawa <p><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻨𑻱𑻳𑻭𑻯</span> </p> </td> <td style="text-align: center">ana' ri olo <p><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻨𑻭𑻳𑻱𑻶𑻮𑻶</span> </p> </td> <td style="text-align: center">ana' ri boko <p><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻨𑻭𑻳𑻤𑻶𑻠𑻶</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center">na </th> <th>ni </th> <th>nu </th> <th>ne </th> <th>no </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/90px-Lon_ta.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/135px-Lon_ta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/180px-Lon_ta.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ni.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/90px-Mak_ni.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/135px-Mak_ni.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/180px-Mak_ni.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/90px-Mak_nu.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/135px-Mak_nu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/180px-Mak_nu.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ne.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/90px-Mak_ne.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/135px-Mak_ne.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/180px-Mak_ne.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_no.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/90px-Mak_no.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/135px-Mak_no.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/180px-Mak_no.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻳</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻴</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻵</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻶</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd><small>1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_/e/_as_in_the_first_e_in"><b><a href="#ref_/e/_as_in_the_first_e_in_"every"">^</a></b></span> /e/ as in the first e in "every"</small></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historical Makassarese texts are written without wordspacing (<i><a href="/wiki/Scriptio_continua" title="Scriptio continua">scriptio continua</a></i>) and do not use punctuation. The Makasar script is known to have only two original punctuation marks: <i><b>passimbang</b></i> and a section ending mark. <i>Passimbang</i> functions like a period or comma in the Latin script by dividing the text into chunks that are similar (but not the same) to stanzas or sentences, while section ending marks are used to split the text into chapter-like units.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Punctuations </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>passimbang </th> <th>section end </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_pass.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/90px-Mak_pass.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/135px-Mak_pass.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/180px-Mak_pass.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_endtext.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/90px-Mak_endtext.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/135px-Mak_endtext.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/180px-Mak_endtext.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻷</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻸</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In certain manuscripts, the ending mark of a section is replaced by a punctuation that resembles a palm tree (🌴), and for the end of larger sections it is common to use the stylization of the word <i>tammat</i> which uses <a href="/wiki/Arabic_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic letters">Arabic letters</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">تمت</span>‎).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repeated_consonants">Repeated consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Repeated consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Continuous syllables with the same initial consonant are often written in abbreviated form using double diacritics or a repeater letter <i><b>angka</b></i> which can then be reattached with a diacritic. Its use can be seen as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table summary="syllable reduplication"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Double diacritics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>dudu </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">without double diacritics </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_dudu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mak_dudu.png/90px-Mak_dudu.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mak_dudu.png/135px-Mak_dudu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mak_dudu.png/180px-Mak_dudu.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧𑻴𑻧𑻴</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">with double diacritics </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_dudu1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Mak_dudu1.png/90px-Mak_dudu1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Mak_dudu1.png/135px-Mak_dudu1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Mak_dudu1.png/180px-Mak_dudu1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧𑻴𑻴</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;"><i>Angka</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>dada </th> <th>dadu </th> <th>duda </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">without <i>angka</i> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_dada.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_dada.png/90px-Mak_dada.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_dada.png/135px-Mak_dada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_dada.png/180px-Mak_dada.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_dadu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mak_dadu.png/90px-Mak_dadu.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mak_dadu.png/135px-Mak_dadu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mak_dadu.png/180px-Mak_dadu.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_duda.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mak_duda.png/90px-Mak_duda.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mak_duda.png/135px-Mak_duda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mak_duda.png/180px-Mak_duda.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧𑻧</span> </td> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧𑻧𑻴</span> </td> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧𑻴𑻧</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">with <i>angka</i> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_dada1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mak_dada1.png/90px-Mak_dada1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mak_dada1.png/135px-Mak_dada1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mak_dada1.png/180px-Mak_dada1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_dadu1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mak_dadu1.png/90px-Mak_dadu1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mak_dadu1.png/135px-Mak_dadu1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mak_dadu1.png/180px-Mak_dadu1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_duda1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mak_duda1.png/90px-Mak_duda1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mak_duda1.png/135px-Mak_duda1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mak_duda1.png/180px-Mak_duda1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧𑻲</span> </td> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧𑻲𑻴</span> </td> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧𑻴𑻲</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_texts">Example texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Example texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is an excerpt from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronicle_of_Gowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronicle of Gowa (page does not exist)">Chronicle of Gowa</a> which tells the course of a battle between the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Gowa" title="Sultanate of Gowa">Gowa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tallo" title="Kingdom of Tallo">Kingdom of Tallo</a> which culminated in their alliance during the reign of Karaeng Gowa <a href="/wiki/Tumaparisi_Kallonna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumaparisi Kallonna">Tumapa'risi 'Kallonna</a> and Karaeng Tallo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunipasuru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunipasuru (page does not exist)">Tunipasuru'</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻦𑻶𑻥𑻳𑻱𑻨𑻵𑻷𑻥𑻡𑻱𑻴𑻷𑻨𑻨𑻳𑻮𑻳𑻣𑻴𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻤𑻴𑻧𑻴𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻦𑻴𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻠𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻭𑻴𑻰𑻴𑻠𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻦𑻴𑻣𑻶𑻮𑻶𑻤𑻠𑻵𑻢𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ia–tommi anne. ma'gau'. na nilipungi. nibundu'. ri tu Talloka. ri tu Marusuka. ri tu Polombangkenga.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>On the reign [of <i>Tumapa'risi' Kallonna</i>] he too was surrounded and attacked by the <i>Tallo</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Maros" title="Maros">Maros</a></i>, [and] the <i>Polombangkeng</i> people. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻷𑻨𑻱𑻡𑻱𑻢𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻯𑻵𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻨𑻳𑻣𑻱𑻰𑻴𑻭𑻴𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Karaenga. ri Tallo'. naagaanga. siewa. Tunipasuru'.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The <i>Karaeng Tallo</i> that fought him was <i>Tunipasuru'</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻭𑻵𑻠𑻮𑻵𑻨𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻠𑻴𑻥𑻤𑻰𑻴𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻠𑻨𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻥𑻢𑻬𑻶𑻯𑻤𑻵𑻭𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>areng kalenna. iang kumabassung. nikana. I Mangayoaberang.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>His given name, may i not be damned [for insolently calling his name], was <i>I Mangayoaberang</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻥𑻡𑻯𑻴𑻠𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻥𑻭𑻴𑻰𑻴𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻠𑻨𑻷𑻣𑻦𑻨𑻮𑻠𑻨</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ma'gauka. ri Marusu'. nikana. Patanna Langkana.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>[Meanwhile, the ruler] that ruled in Maros [on that time] was Patanna Langkana. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻭𑻵𑻥𑻦𑻵𑻨𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻠𑻨𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻥𑻵𑻨𑻭𑻳𑻤𑻴𑻮𑻴𑻧𑻴𑻯𑻬𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>areng matena. nikana. Tumamenang ri Bulu'duaya.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">His posthumous name</a> is <i>Tumamenang ri Bulu'duaya</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻭𑻵𑻠𑻮𑻵𑻨𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻠𑻴𑻥𑻤𑻰𑻴𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻥𑻣𑻰𑻶𑻤𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>areng kalenna iang kumabassung. I Mappasomba.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>His given name, may i not be damned, was <i>I Mappasomba</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻭𑻵𑻣𑻥𑻨𑻨𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻠𑻨𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻧𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻴𑻭𑻡𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>areng pamana'na. nikana. I Daeng Nguraga.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>His proper name was I Daeng Nguraga. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻡𑻱𑻴𑻠𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻤𑻪𑻵𑻷𑻱𑻨𑻨𑻷𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻮𑻶𑻯𑻵𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻠𑻨𑻬𑻧𑻱𑻵𑻨𑻱𑻳𑻣𑻰𑻱𑻳𑻭𑻳𑻷𑻠𑻠𑻨𑻱𑻳𑻧𑻱𑻵𑻥𑻰𑻭𑻶𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Tuma'gauka. ri Bajeng. ana'na. Karaeng Loe. nikanaya Daenna I Pasairi. kakanna I Daeng Masarro.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>He who ruled in <i>Bajeng [Polombangkeng]</i> is the son of <i>Karaeng Loe</i>, named <i>Daenna I Pasairi</i>, older sibbling of <i>I Daeng Masarro</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻥𑻳𑻨𑻵𑻷𑻰𑻭𑻳𑻤𑻱𑻦𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻡𑻱𑻴𑻠𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻰𑻭𑻤𑻶𑻨𑻵𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻮𑻵𑻠𑻵𑻰𑻵𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻠𑻦𑻳𑻢𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻪𑻥𑻭𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻪𑻳𑻣𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻥𑻧𑻮𑻵𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>iaminne. sari'battang. Tuma'gauka. ri Sanrabone. ri Lengkese'. ri Katingang. ri Jamarang. ri Jipang. ri Mandalle'.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>This [I Pasairi] were sibblings with those that ruled in <i>Sanrabone</i>, in <i>Lengkese'</i>, in <i>Katingang</i>, in <i>Jamarang</i>, in <i>Jipang</i>, [and] in <i>Mandalle</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦𑻴𑻪𑻴𑻱𑻳𑻰𑻳𑻰𑻭𑻳𑻤𑻦𑻷𑻥𑻮𑻮𑻰𑻳𑻣𑻴𑻯𑻵𑻢𑻱𑻰𑻵𑻷𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tujui sisari'battang. ma'la'lang sipue–ngaseng.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>seven sibblings, all half-umbrella'd [=ruled].<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻥𑻳𑻨𑻵𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻮𑻳𑻣𑻴𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻡𑻱𑻴𑻠𑻦𑻮𑻴𑻯𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>iaminne Karaeng. nilipungi. ri Gaukang Tallua.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>This <i>Karaeng [Tumapa'risi' Kallonna]</i> is supported by The Three <i>Gaukang</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻭𑻳𑻮𑻠𑻳𑻬𑻴𑻷𑻱𑻢𑻡𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻡𑻴𑻭𑻴𑻧𑻬𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻢𑻰𑻬𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻦𑻶𑻤𑻶𑻮𑻶𑻠𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻰𑻱𑻶𑻥𑻦𑻬𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Karaenga ri Lakiung. angngagangi. Gurudaya. tu Mangngasaya. tu Tomboloka. tu Saomataya.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Kareng Lakiung</i> accompanies <i>Gurudaya</i>, [along with] <i>Mangngasa, Tombolo'</i> and <i>Saomata</i> people, </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻪𑻶𑻭𑻵𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻠𑻮𑻵𑻨𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻥𑻥𑻠𑻰𑻳𑻷𑻤𑻭𑻶𑻤𑻶𑻰𑻶𑻷𑻨𑻣𑻥𑻵𑻦𑻵𑻢𑻳𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>anjorengi. kalenna. imamakasi. Baro'boso'. napammenténgi.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>there they set camp, in <i>Baro'boso'</i>, on alert, </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻥𑻳𑻨𑻱𑻡𑻱𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻦𑻴𑻪𑻴𑻷𑻦𑻶𑻣𑻶𑻮𑻶𑻤𑻱𑻠𑻵𑻢𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>iami naagaang. situju. tu Polombangkenga.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>they joined together [to] face <i>Polombangkeng</i> people. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻠𑻮𑻵𑻨𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻬𑻡𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻰𑻴𑻮𑻵𑻠𑻬𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>kalenna Karaenga. siagángi. Sulengkaya.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The <i>Karaeng [Tumapa'risi' Kallonna]</i> himself accompanies <i>Sulengkaya</i>, </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻭𑻣𑻶𑻩𑻳𑻨𑻳𑻷𑻨𑻣𑻥𑻵𑻦𑻵𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻬𑻡𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻰𑻴𑻧𑻳𑻬𑻢𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻨𑻴𑻪𑻴𑻯𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻤𑻶𑻭𑻳𑻰𑻮𑻶𑻯𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Rappocini. napammenténgi. siagángi. tu Sudianga. tu Manujua. tu Borisalloa.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ready in <i>Rappocini</i> along with <i>Sudiang, Manuju</i>, and <i>Borisallo</i> people. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦𑻴𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻠𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻬𑻡𑻱𑻷𑻠𑻮𑻵𑻨𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻧𑻱𑻵𑻥𑻰𑻭𑻶𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻥𑻳𑻨𑻱𑻡𑻱𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻦𑻴𑻪𑻴𑻷𑻠𑻮𑻵𑻨𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tu Talloka. siagaang. kalenna. I Daeng Masarro. iami naagaang. situju. kalenna Karaenga.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Tallo people</i> and <i>I Daeng Masarro</i> himself faced The <i>Karaeng</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻭𑻳𑻧𑻦𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻬𑻡𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻩𑻠𑻴𑻭𑻳𑻧𑻳𑻬𑻷𑻦𑻥𑻥𑻢𑻴𑻷𑻨𑻣𑻥𑻵𑻦𑻵𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻬𑻡𑻢𑻳𑻷𑻣𑻩𑻵𑻮𑻵𑻠𑻷𑻣𑻦𑻮𑻰𑻷𑻤𑻶𑻦𑻶𑻥𑻨𑻱𑻳𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Karaenga ri Data'. siagángi. Cakkuridia. Tamamangung. napammenténgi. siagángi. Paccellekang. Pattallassang. Bontomanai'.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Karaeng Data</i> accompanies <i>Cakkuridia</i>, in <i>Tamamangung</i> he readies themself along with <i>Paccellekang, Pattallasang,</i> and <i>Bontomanai'</i> [people], </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻭𑻴𑻰𑻴𑻠𑻷𑻨𑻱𑻡𑻱𑻷𑻰𑻳𑻦𑻴𑻪𑻴𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tu Marusuka. naagaang. situju.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Maros</i> people, they faced. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻮𑻵𑻤𑻠𑻳𑻷𑻥𑻤𑻴𑻧𑻴𑻠𑻳𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻣𑻮𑻭𑻳𑻥𑻳𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻠𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻭𑻴𑻰𑻴𑻠𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻣𑻶𑻮𑻶𑻤𑻠𑻵𑻢𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>le'baki. ma'bunduki. nipalarimi. tu Talloka tu Marusuka. tu Polombangkenga.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Once the battle started, the <i>Tallo', Maros,</i> and <i>Polombangkeng</i> people had already fled. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻭𑻴𑻰𑻴𑻠𑻷𑻮𑻭𑻳𑻨𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻦𑻥𑻥𑻢𑻴𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻮𑻴𑻰𑻴𑻠𑻳𑻷𑻥𑻨𑻱𑻴𑻭𑻳𑻥𑻭𑻴𑻰𑻴𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tu Marusuka. larina. ri Tamamangung. tulusuki. manaung ri Marusu'.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Maros</i> people went from <i>Tamamangung</i>, directly to <i>Maros</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦𑻴𑻣𑻶𑻮𑻶𑻤𑻠𑻵𑻢𑻷𑻥𑻢𑻴𑻮𑻶𑻭𑻶𑻥𑻥𑻳𑻷𑻤𑻳𑻰𑻵𑻬𑻷𑻨𑻥𑻤𑻳𑻰𑻵𑻬𑻥𑻨𑻱𑻳𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tu Polombangkenga. mangnguloro'–mami. biseang. na ma'biseang manai'.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Polombangkeng</i> people stretch out their oars and pedal up [back to <i>Polombangkeng</i>]. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦𑻴𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻠𑻷𑻥𑻮𑻭𑻳𑻥𑻦𑻥𑻭𑻳𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tu Talloka. malari mantama ri Tallo'</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Tallo</i> people ran back to <i>Tallo'</i> [region] </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻰𑻴𑻮𑻴𑻥𑻱𑻵𑻷𑻨𑻰𑻴𑻭𑻶𑻠𑻳𑻬𑻶𑻷𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻷𑻦𑻴𑻥𑻣𑻭𑻳𑻰𑻳𑻠𑻮𑻶𑻨𑻷𑻱𑻦𑻥𑻭𑻳𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>nassulu' mae. nasuro kio'. Karaenga. Tumapa'risi Kallonna. antama ri Tallo'.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>[Then] they sent out a request to meet The <i>Karaeng, Tumapa'risi' Kallonna</i>. Thus he entered <i>Tallo'</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦𑻪𑻤𑻢𑻳𑻱𑻳𑻷𑻮𑻮𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻦𑻶𑻯𑻨𑻷𑻨𑻳𑻭𑻣𑻶𑻱𑻳𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>tuju bangngi i. lalang. nitoana. nirappói.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seven nights he was there, entertained and given betel nut. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻥𑻳𑻪𑻶𑻷𑻨𑻰𑻳𑻦𑻮𑻳𑻥𑻶𑻷𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻡𑻶𑻯𑻷𑻠𑻭𑻱𑻵𑻢𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻷𑻡𑻮𑻭𑻢𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻢𑻰𑻵𑻷𑻭𑻳𑻤𑻭𑻴𑻡𑻨𑻳𑻠𑻵𑻮𑻴𑻯𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>iaminjo. nasitalli'mo. Karaenga. ri Gowa. Karaenga. ri Tallo'. gallaranga. ia– ngaseng. ri baruga nikelua.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>These [mentioned below] thus sworn: The <i>Karaeng Gowa</i>, The <i>Karaeng Tallo'</i>, [along with] every <i>gallarrang</i> in <i>balairung</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻨𑻥𑻶𑻷𑻦𑻱𑻴𑻷𑻱𑻣𑻰𑻳𑻱𑻵𑻯𑻱𑻳𑻷𑻡𑻶𑻯𑻷𑻦𑻮𑻶𑻷𑻱𑻳𑻬𑻥𑻶𑻨𑻩𑻮𑻭𑻵𑻯𑻦𑻷</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ia–iannamo. tau. ampasiewai. Gowa. Tallo'. iamo nacalla. rewata.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>[That] anyone who makes <i>Gowa</i> and <i>Tallo'</i> hostile to each other, will surely be cursed by the gods. </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_to_Lontara_script">Comparison to Lontara script</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comparison to Lontara script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its development, the use of the Makasar script was gradually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara Bugis script</a> which is sometimes referred to as "New Lontara" by Makassarese writers. These two closely related scripts have almost identical writing rules, although in appearance they look quite different. A comparison of the two characters can be seen as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20142Tabel_1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20142Tabel_1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Basic letters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>ka </th> <th>ga </th> <th>nga </th> <th>ngka </th> <th>pa </th> <th>ba </th> <th>ma </th> <th>mpa </th> <th>ta </th> <th>da </th> <th>na </th> <th>nra </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Makasar </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/40px-Mak_ka.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/60px-Mak_ka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/80px-Mak_ka.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ga2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/40px-Mak_ga2.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/60px-Mak_ga2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/80px-Mak_ga2.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/40px-Mak_nga.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/60px-Mak_nga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/80px-Mak_nga.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_pa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/40px-Mak_pa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/60px-Mak_pa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/80px-Mak_pa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ba.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/40px-Mak_ba.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/60px-Mak_ba.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/80px-Mak_ba.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ma.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/40px-Mak_ma.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/60px-Mak_ma.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/80px-Mak_ma.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/40px-Mak_ta.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/60px-Mak_ta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/80px-Mak_ta.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_da.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/40px-Mak_da.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/60px-Mak_da.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/80px-Mak_da.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/40px-Mak_na.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/60px-Mak_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/80px-Mak_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻠</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻡</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻢</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻣</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻤</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻥</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Bugis </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Lon_ka.png/40px-Lon_ka.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Lon_ka.png/60px-Lon_ka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Lon_ka.png/80px-Lon_ka.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lon_ga.png/40px-Lon_ga.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lon_ga.png/60px-Lon_ga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lon_ga.png/80px-Lon_ga.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lon_nga.png/40px-Lon_nga.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lon_nga.png/60px-Lon_nga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lon_nga.png/80px-Lon_nga.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ngka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lon_ngka.png/40px-Lon_ngka.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lon_ngka.png/60px-Lon_ngka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lon_ngka.png/80px-Lon_ngka.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_pa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lon_pa.png/40px-Lon_pa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lon_pa.png/60px-Lon_pa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lon_pa.png/80px-Lon_pa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ba.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lon_ba.png/40px-Lon_ba.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lon_ba.png/60px-Lon_ba.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lon_ba.png/80px-Lon_ba.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ma.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lon_ma.png/40px-Lon_ma.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lon_ma.png/60px-Lon_ma.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lon_ma.png/80px-Lon_ma.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_mpa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lon_mpa.png/40px-Lon_mpa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lon_mpa.png/60px-Lon_mpa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lon_mpa.png/80px-Lon_mpa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/40px-Lon_ta.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/60px-Lon_ta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/80px-Lon_ta.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_da.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_da.png/40px-Lon_da.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_da.png/60px-Lon_da.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_da.png/80px-Lon_da.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/40px-Lon_na.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/60px-Lon_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/80px-Lon_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lon_nra.png/40px-Lon_nra.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lon_nra.png/60px-Lon_nra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lon_nra.png/80px-Lon_nra.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨀ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨁ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨂ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨃ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨄ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨅ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨆ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨇ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨈ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨉ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨊ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨋ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>ca </th> <th>ja </th> <th>nya </th> <th>nca </th> <th>ya </th> <th>ra </th> <th>la </th> <th>wa </th> <th>sa </th> <th>a </th> <th>ha </th> <th rowspan="5"> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Makasar </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/40px-Mak_ca.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/60px-Mak_ca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/80px-Mak_ca.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/40px-Mak_ja.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/60px-Mak_ja.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/80px-Mak_ja.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/40px-Mak_nya.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/60px-Mak_nya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/80px-Mak_nya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/40px-Mak_ya.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/60px-Mak_ya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/80px-Mak_ya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/40px-Mak_ra.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/60px-Mak_ra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/80px-Mak_ra.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_la.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/40px-Mak_la.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/60px-Mak_la.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/80px-Mak_la.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_wa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/40px-Mak_wa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/60px-Mak_wa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/80px-Mak_wa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_sa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/40px-Mak_sa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/60px-Mak_sa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/80px-Mak_sa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_a.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/40px-Mak_a.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/60px-Mak_a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/80px-Mak_a.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻩</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻪</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻫</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻬</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻭</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻮</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻯</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻰</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Bugis </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lon_ca.png/40px-Lon_ca.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lon_ca.png/60px-Lon_ca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lon_ca.png/80px-Lon_ca.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lon_ja.png/40px-Lon_ja.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lon_ja.png/60px-Lon_ja.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lon_ja.png/80px-Lon_ja.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lon_nya.png/40px-Lon_nya.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lon_nya.png/60px-Lon_nya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lon_nya.png/80px-Lon_nya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nyca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lon_nyca.png/40px-Lon_nyca.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lon_nyca.png/60px-Lon_nyca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lon_nyca.png/80px-Lon_nyca.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lon_ya.png/40px-Lon_ya.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lon_ya.png/60px-Lon_ya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lon_ya.png/80px-Lon_ya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Lon_ra.png/40px-Lon_ra.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Lon_ra.png/60px-Lon_ra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Lon_ra.png/80px-Lon_ra.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_la.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lon_la.png/40px-Lon_la.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lon_la.png/60px-Lon_la.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lon_la.png/80px-Lon_la.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_wa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lon_wa.png/40px-Lon_wa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lon_wa.png/60px-Lon_wa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lon_wa.png/80px-Lon_wa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_sa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_sa.png/40px-Lon_sa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_sa.png/60px-Lon_sa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_sa.png/80px-Lon_sa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_a.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lon_a.png/40px-Lon_a.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lon_a.png/60px-Lon_a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lon_a.png/80px-Lon_a.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lon_ha.png/40px-Lon_ha.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lon_ha.png/60px-Lon_ha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lon_ha.png/80px-Lon_ha.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨌ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨍ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨎ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨏ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨐ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨑ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨒ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨓ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨔ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨕ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨖ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Diacritic </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;"> </th> <th>-a </th> <th>-i </th> <th>-u </th> <th>-é<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_/e/_as_in_the_first_e_in"><a href="#endnote_/e/_as_in_the_first_e_in_"every"">[1]</a></sup> </th> <th>-o </th> <th>-e<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_/ə/_as_in_the_second_e_in"><a href="#endnote_/ə/_as_in_the_second_e_in_"every"">[2]</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_i.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/40px-Lon_i.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/60px-Lon_i.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/80px-Lon_i.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_u.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/40px-Lon_u.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/60px-Lon_u.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/80px-Lon_u.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_e.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/40px-Lon_e.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/60px-Lon_e.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/80px-Lon_e.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_o.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/40px-Lon_o.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/60px-Lon_o.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/80px-Lon_o.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lon_ee.png/40px-Lon_ee.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lon_ee.png/60px-Lon_ee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lon_ee.png/80px-Lon_ee.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>na </th> <th>ni </th> <th>nu </th> <th>né </th> <th>no </th> <th>ne </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Makasar </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/40px-Mak_na.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/60px-Mak_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/80px-Mak_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ni.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/40px-Mak_ni.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/60px-Mak_ni.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/80px-Mak_ni.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/40px-Mak_nu.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/60px-Mak_nu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/80px-Mak_nu.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ne.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/40px-Mak_ne.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/60px-Mak_ne.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/80px-Mak_ne.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_no.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/40px-Mak_no.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/60px-Mak_no.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/80px-Mak_no.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻳</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻴</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻵</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻶</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Bugis </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/40px-Lon_na.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/60px-Lon_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/80px-Lon_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ni.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lon_ni.png/40px-Lon_ni.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lon_ni.png/60px-Lon_ni.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lon_ni.png/80px-Lon_ni.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lon_nu.png/40px-Lon_nu.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lon_nu.png/60px-Lon_nu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lon_nu.png/80px-Lon_nu.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ne.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lon_ne.png/40px-Lon_ne.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lon_ne.png/60px-Lon_ne.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lon_ne.png/80px-Lon_ne.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_no.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lon_no.png/40px-Lon_no.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lon_no.png/60px-Lon_no.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lon_no.png/80px-Lon_no.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lon_nee.png/40px-Lon_nee.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lon_nee.png/60px-Lon_nee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lon_nee.png/80px-Lon_nee.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨊ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨊᨗ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨊᨘ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨊᨙ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨊᨚ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">ᨊᨛ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd><small>1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_/e/_as_in_the_first_e_in"><b><a href="#ref_/e/_as_in_the_first_e_in_"every"">^</a></b></span> /e/ as in the first e in "every"</small></dd> <dd><small>2. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_/ə/_as_in_the_second_e_in"><b><a href="#ref_/ə/_as_in_the_second_e_in_"every"">^</a></b></span> /ə/ as in the second e in "every"</small></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Punctuations </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Makasar </th> <th>passimbang </th> <th>section end </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_pass.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/40px-Mak_pass.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/60px-Mak_pass.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/80px-Mak_pass.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_endtext.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/40px-Mak_endtext.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/60px-Mak_endtext.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/80px-Mak_endtext.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻷</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻸</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Bugis </th> <th>pallawa </th> <th>section end </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_pallawa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lon_pallawa.png/40px-Lon_pallawa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lon_pallawa.png/60px-Lon_pallawa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lon_pallawa.png/80px-Lon_pallawa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_endtext.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lon_endtext.png/40px-Lon_endtext.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lon_endtext.png/60px-Lon_endtext.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lon_endtext.png/80px-Lon_endtext.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">᨞</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">᨟</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Makasar_(Unicode_block)" title="Makasar (Unicode block)">Makasar (Unicode block)</a></div> <p>Makasar script has been added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in June 2018 on Version 11.0.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Unicode block for the Makassar script is U+11EE0–U+11EFF and contains 25 characters: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Makasar_(Unicode_block)" title="Makasar (Unicode block)">Makasar</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U11EE0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U11EE0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U11EE0_grey"><a href="#endnote_U11EE0_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11EE0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+11EEx </td> <td title="U+11EE0: MAKASAR LETTER KA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻠</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE1: MAKASAR LETTER GA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻡</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE2: MAKASAR LETTER NGA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻢</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE3: MAKASAR LETTER PA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻣</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE4: MAKASAR LETTER BA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻤</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE5: MAKASAR LETTER MA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻥</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE6: MAKASAR LETTER TA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE7: MAKASAR LETTER DA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE8: MAKASAR LETTER NA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨</span> </td> <td title="U+11EE9: MAKASAR LETTER CA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻩</span> </td> <td title="U+11EEA: MAKASAR LETTER JA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻪</span> </td> <td title="U+11EEB: MAKASAR LETTER NYA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻫</span> </td> <td title="U+11EEC: MAKASAR LETTER YA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻬</span> </td> <td title="U+11EED: MAKASAR LETTER RA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻭</span> </td> <td title="U+11EEE: MAKASAR LETTER LA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻮</span> </td> <td title="U+11EEF: MAKASAR LETTER VA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻯</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+11EFx </td> <td title="U+11EF0: MAKASAR LETTER SA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻰</span> </td> <td title="U+11EF1: MAKASAR LETTER A"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱</span> </td> <td title="U+11EF2: MAKASAR ANGKA"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻲</span> </td> <td title="U+11EF3: MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻳</span> </td> <td title="U+11EF4: MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻴</span> </td> <td title="U+11EF5: MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻵</span> </td> <td title="U+11EF6: MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻶</span> </td> <td title="U+11EF7: MAKASAR PASSIMBANG"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻷</span> </td> <td title="U+11EF8: MAKASAR END OF SECTION"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻸</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U11EE0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U11EE0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U11EE0_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U11EE0_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Font">Font</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Font"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A font for Makasar script based on the unicode block were first created under the name <i>Jangang-jangang</i> in early 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This font support the graphite SIL technology and double letters, both with <i>angka</i> (<i>example:</i> <span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻥𑻲𑻳</span> mami) and by double diacritic (<i>example:</i> <span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻥𑻳𑻳</span> mimi and <span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻥𑻴𑻴</span> mumu). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The spelling of the original Makasar script is preserved here, while the color of the writing has been turned uniformly black. Transliteration and translation adapted from Jukes (2019), with some additional information from the translated version of William Cummings (2007). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The kingdums mentioned in this line, along with the Bajeng mentioned earlier, are the seven countries that make up the Polombangkeng confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La'lang sipue</i> or "half umbrella" is a kind of umbrella made of palm leaves which is used at the inauguration of a ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Three Gaukang" refers to <i>Gowa's</i> banners of greatness called <i>Gurudaya, Sulengkaya, and Cakkuridia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201949-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201949_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201949_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2019">Jukes 2019</a>, pp. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPandey2015" class="citation journal cs1">Pandey, Anshuman (2015-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15233-makasar.pdf">"Proposal for encoding the Makassar script in Unicode"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2</i> (L2/15–233). Unicode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iso%2FIec+Jtc1%2FSc2%2FWg2&rft.atitle=Proposal+for+encoding+the+Makassar+script+in+Unicode&rft.issue=L2%2F15%E2%80%93233&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Anshuman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2015%2F15233-makasar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight201655-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight201655_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknight2016">Macknight 2016</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight201657-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight201657_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknight2016">Macknight 2016</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996214-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996214_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20142-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20142_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993567–568-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993567–568_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoorduyn1993">Noorduyn 1993</a>, pp. 567–568.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miller1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-miller1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2010" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Christopher (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/view/3917">"A Gujarati origin for scripts of Sumatra, Sulawesi and the Philippines"</a>. <i>Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society</i>. <b>36</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+of+the+Berkeley+Linguistics+Society&rft.atitle=A+Gujarati+origin+for+scripts+of+Sumatra%2C+Sulawesi+and+the+Philippines&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.linguisticsociety.org%2Fproceedings%2Findex.php%2FBLS%2Farticle%2Fview%2F3917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDruce,_Stephen_C.2009" class="citation book cs1">Druce, Stephen C. (2009). <i>The lands west of the lakes, A history of the Ajattappareng kingdoms of South Sulawesi 1200 to 1600 CE</i>. KITLV Press Leiden. pp. 57–63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lands+west+of+the+lakes%2C+A+history+of+the+Ajattappareng+kingdoms+of+South+Sulawesi+1200+to+1600+CE&rft.pages=57-63&rft.pub=KITLV+Press+Leiden&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Druce%2C+Stephen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996213–214-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996213–214_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, pp. 213–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201946-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201946_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2019">Jukes 2019</a>, pp. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201947-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201947_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2019">Jukes 2019</a>, pp. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_M._Sewang2005" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad M. Sewang (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOcUtQAtl00C"><i>Islamisasi Kerajaan Gowa: abad XVI sampai abad XVII</i></a>. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 37–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789794615300" title="Special:BookSources/9789794615300"><bdi>9789794615300</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamisasi+Kerajaan+Gowa%3A+abad+XVI+sampai+abad+XVII&rft.pages=37-38&rft.pub=Yayasan+Obor+Indonesia&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789794615300&rft.au=Ahmad+M.+Sewang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHOcUtQAtl00C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCummings2002">Cummings 2002</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCummings2007">Cummings 2007</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFachruddin_Ambo_Enre1999" class="citation book cs1">Fachruddin Ambo Enre (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u3jZXmdmv0oC"><i>Ritumpanna Wélenrénngé: Sebuah Episoda Sastra Bugis Klasik Galigo</i></a>. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789794613184" title="Special:BookSources/9789794613184"><bdi>9789794613184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ritumpanna+W%C3%A9lenr%C3%A9nng%C3%A9%3A+Sebuah+Episoda+Sastra+Bugis+Klasik+Galigo&rft.pub=Yayasan+Obor+Indonesia&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789794613184&rft.au=Fachruddin+Ambo+Enre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du3jZXmdmv0oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20143–4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20143–4_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201947–49-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201947–49_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2019">Jukes 2019</a>, pp. 47–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996223–226-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996223–226_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, pp. 223–226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings20078-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings20078_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCummings2007">Cummings 2007</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020xi–xii-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020xi–xii_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020">Macknight, Paeni & Hadrawi 2020</a>, pp. xi–xii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings200711-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings200711_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCummings2007">Cummings 2007</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, pp. 226–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20149-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20149_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20146-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20146_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20141-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20141_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, pp. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20142Tabel_1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20142Tabel_1_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, pp. 2, Tabel 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/">"Unicode 11.0.0"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. 2018-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+11.0.0&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode11.0.0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/aksara/jangang">"Download Font Aksara Jangang-Jangang"</a>. <i>Aksara di Nusantara</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aksara+di+Nusantara&rft.atitle=Download+Font+Aksara+Jangang-Jangang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faksaradinusantara.com%2Ffonta%2Faksara%2Fjangang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCense1966" class="citation journal cs1">Cense, A (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxis.org/downloads/cense_1966.pdf">"Old Buginese and Macassarese diaries"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</i>. <b>122</b> (4). Leiden: 416–428. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90002920">10.1163/22134379-90002920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bijdragen+tot+de+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.atitle=Old+Buginese+and+Macassarese+diaries&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=416-428&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134379-90002920&rft.aulast=Cense&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxis.org%2Fdownloads%2Fcense_1966.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummings2002" class="citation book cs1">Cummings, William P. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tANZd6c-8wUC"><i>Making Blood White: Historical Transformations in Early Modern Makassar</i></a>. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0824825133" title="Special:BookSources/978-0824825133"><bdi>978-0824825133</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Blood+White%3A+Historical+Transformations+in+Early+Modern+Makassar&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+HI&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0824825133&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=William+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtANZd6c-8wUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummings2007" class="citation book cs1">Cummings, William P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0jDBXoKAq6UC&q=empire%20of%20gowa"><i>A Chain of Kings: The Makassarese Chronicles of Gowa and Talloq</i></a>. KITLV Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9067182874" title="Special:BookSources/978-9067182874"><bdi>978-9067182874</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Chain+of+Kings%3A+The+Makassarese+Chronicles+of+Gowa+and+Talloq&rft.pub=KITLV+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9067182874&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=William+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0jDBXoKAq6UC%26q%3Dempire%2520of%2520gowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukes2019" class="citation book cs1">Jukes, Anthony (2019-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qmzDDwAAQBAJ"><i>A Grammar of Makasar: A Language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-41266-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-41266-8"><bdi>978-90-04-41266-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Makasar%3A+A+Language+of+South+Sulawesi%2C+Indonesia&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft.isbn=978-90-04-41266-8&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqmzDDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukes2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jukes, Anthony (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lingdy.aa-ken.jp/en/activities/research-events/140227-intl-symp-and-ws">"Writing and Reading Makassarese"</a>. <i>International Workshop of Endangered Scripts of Island Southeast Asia: Proceedings</i>. LingDy2 Project, Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Workshop+of+Endangered+Scripts+of+Island+Southeast+Asia%3A+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Writing+and+Reading+Makassarese&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flingdy.aa-ken.jp%2Fen%2Factivities%2Fresearch-events%2F140227-intl-symp-and-ws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacknight2016" class="citation journal cs1">Macknight, Charles Campbell (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308102874">"The Media of Bugis Literacy: A Coda to Pelras"</a>. <i>International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies</i>. <b>12</b> (supp. 1): 53–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21315%2Fijaps2016.12.s1.4">10.21315/ijaps2016.12.s1.4</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Asia+Pacific+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Media+of+Bugis+Literacy%3A+A+Coda+to+Pelras&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=supp.+1&rft.pages=53-71&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21315%2Fijaps2016.12.s1.4&rft.aulast=Macknight&rft.aufirst=Charles+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F308102874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020" class="citation book cs1">Macknight, Charles Campbell; Paeni, Mukhlis; Hadrawi, Muhlis, eds. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/bugis-chronicle-bone"><i>The Bugis Chronicle of Bone</i></a>. Translated by Campbell Macknight; Mukhlis Paeni; Muhlis Hadrawi. Canberra: Australian National University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22459%2FBCB.2020">10.22459/BCB.2020</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781760463588" title="Special:BookSources/9781760463588"><bdi>9781760463588</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218816844">218816844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bugis+Chronicle+of+Bone&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+National+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218816844%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22459%2FBCB.2020&rft.isbn=9781760463588&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.anu.edu.au%2Fpublications%2Fbugis-chronicle-bone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoorduyn1993" class="citation journal cs1">Noorduyn, Jacobus (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41017547">"Variation in the Bugis/Makasarese script"</a>. <i>Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</i>. <b>149</b> (3). KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies: 533–570. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003120">10.1163/22134379-90003120</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162247962">162247962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bijdragen+tot+de+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.atitle=Variation+in+the+Bugis%2FMakasarese+script&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=533-570&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134379-90003120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162247962%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Noorduyn&rft.aufirst=Jacobus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F41017547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTol1996" class="citation book cs1">Tol, Roger (1996). "A Separate Empire: Writings of South Sulawesi". In Ann Kumar; John H. McGlynn (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illuminationswri0000kuma"><i>Illuminations: The Writing Traditions of Indonesia</i></a>. Jakarta: Lontar Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0834803496" title="Special:BookSources/0834803496"><bdi>0834803496</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Separate+Empire%3A+Writings+of+South+Sulawesi&rft.btitle=Illuminations%3A+The+Writing+Traditions+of+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Lontar+Foundation&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0834803496&rft.aulast=Tol&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Filluminationswri0000kuma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakasar+script" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese language</a> – Austronesian language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara script</a> – Indonesian writing system</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Makasar_script" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Makasar script">Makasar script</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_books">Digital books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Digital books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Add_MS_12351">A collection of documents in Makasar language and script between the 18th and 19th centuries AD</a>, British Library collection no. Add MS 12351</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15233-makasar.pdf">Unicode Proposal on Makasar Script</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15100-makassarese-bird-script.pdf">Preliminary Unicode Proposal on Makasar Script</a></li> <li>Download Makasar script font on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/font/Jangang-jangang?key=db78249b43e1232d82bba35ec500a0b0"><i>Aksara di Nusantara</i></a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Z0WHEZYDZu2URqT-42Kt98uGu1Vbz6_l">here</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philippines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanun%C3%B3%27o_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanunó'o script">Hanunó'o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origin/mother scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&oldid=1217876924">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makasar_script&oldid=1217876924</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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