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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-형태_및_구조" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#형태_및_구조"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>형태 및 구조</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-형태_및_구조-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>형태 및 구조 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-형태_및_구조-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-분류" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#분류"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>분류</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-분류-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-서직_분해" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#서직_분해"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>서직 분해</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-서직_분해-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-막대" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#막대"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>막대</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-막대-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-조성" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#조성"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>조성</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-조성-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-운동학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#운동학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>운동학</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-운동학-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>운동학 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-운동학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-측량의_어려움_및_기술" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#측량의_어려움_및_기술"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>측량의 어려움 및 기술</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-측량의_어려움_및_기술-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-툴리-피셔_관계_편차" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#툴리-피셔_관계_편차"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>툴리-피셔 관계 편차</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-툴리-피셔_관계_편차-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-형성_이론" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#형성_이론"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>형성 이론</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-형성_이론-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>형성 이론 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-형성_이론-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-퇴화된_나선은하" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#퇴화된_나선은하"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>퇴화된 나선은하</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-퇴화된_나선은하-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-병합" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#병합"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>병합</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-병합-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-렌즈형은하의_예" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#렌즈형은하의_예"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>렌즈형은하의 예</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-렌즈형은하의_예-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">렌즈형은하</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 53개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensvormige_sterrestelsel" title="Lensvormige sterrestelsel – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lensvormige sterrestelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="مجرة محدبة – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجرة محدبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxa_lenticular" title="Galaxa lenticular – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Galaxa lenticular" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лінзападобная галактыка – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лінзападобная галактыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лещовидна галактика – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лещовидна галактика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%87asta_galaksija" title="Lećasta galaksija – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lećasta galaksija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A0xia_lenticular" title="Galàxia lenticular – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Galàxia lenticular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Co%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1_galaxie" title="Čočková galaxie – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čočková galaxie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaeth_lensaidd" title="Galaeth lensaidd – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Galaeth lensaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsenf%C3%B6rmige_Galaxie" title="Linsenförmige Galaxie – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linsenförmige Galaxie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaksiya_mercek%C4%B1ne" title="Galaksiya mercekıne – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Galaksiya mercekıne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Φακοειδής γαλαξίας – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φακοειδής γαλαξίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenticular_galaxy" title="Lenticular galaxy – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lenticular galaxy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensosimila_galaksio" title="Lensosimila galaksio – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lensosimila galaksio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxia_lenticular" title="Galaxia lenticular – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Galaxia lenticular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxia_lentikular" title="Galaxia lentikular – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Galaxia lentikular" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%87%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کهکشان عدسی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کهکشان عدسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linssim%C3%A4inen_galaksi" title="Linssimäinen galaksi – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linssimäinen galaksi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxie_lenticulaire" title="Galaxie lenticulaire – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Galaxie lenticulaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94" title="גלקסיית עדשה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלקסיית עדשה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="लेंसनुमा गैलेक्सी – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लेंसनुमा गैलेक्सी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%87asta_galaktika" title="Lećasta galaktika – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lećasta galaktika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentikul%C3%A1ris_galaxis" title="Lentikuláris galaxis – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lentikuláris galaxis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B1%D6%87_%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ոսպնյակաձև գալակտիկա – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոսպնյակաձև գալակտիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaksi_lentikular" title="Galaksi lentikular – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Galaksi lentikular" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galassia_lenticolare" title="Galassia lenticolare – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Galassia lenticolare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E7%8A%B6%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" title="レンズ状銀河 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レンズ状銀河" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABnsef%C3%ABrmeg_Galaxie" title="Lënsefërmeg Galaxie – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lënsefërmeg Galaxie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%99%C5%A1in%C4%97_galaktika" title="Lęšinė galaktika – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lęšinė galaktika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Леќеста галаксија – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Леќеста галаксија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मसूराकार दीर्घिका – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मसूराकार दीर्घिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensvormig_sterrenstelsel" title="Lensvormig sterrenstelsel – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lensvormig sterrenstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linseforma_galakse" title="Linseforma galakse – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Linseforma galakse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linseformet_galakse" title="Linseformet galakse – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Linseformet galakse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxia_lenticulara" title="Galaxia lenticulara – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Galaxia lenticulara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaktyka_soczewkowata" title="Galaktyka soczewkowata – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Galaktyka soczewkowata" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_lenticular" title="Galáxia lenticular – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Galáxia lenticular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxie_lenticular%C4%83" title="Galaxie lenticulară – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Galaxie lenticulară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Линзовидная галактика – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линзовидная галактика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentikularna_galaksija" title="Lentikularna galaksija – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lentikularna galaksija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenticular_galaxy" title="Lenticular galaxy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lenticular galaxy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0o%C5%A1ovkov%C3%A1_galaxia" title="Šošovková galaxia – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šošovková galaxia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%8Dasta_galaksija" title="Lečasta galaksija – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lečasta galaksija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Лентикуларна галаксија – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лентикуларна галаксија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsformad_galax" title="Linsformad galax – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Linsformad galax" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ดาราจักรชนิดลูกสะบ้า – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาราจักรชนิดลูกสะบ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merceksi_galaksi" title="Merceksi galaksi – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Merceksi galaksi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лінзоподібна галактика – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінзоподібна галактика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_h%C3%A0_h%C3%ACnh_h%E1%BA%A1t_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu" title="Thiên hà hình hạt đậu – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên hà hình hạt đậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%95%9C%E7%8A%B6%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="透镜状星系 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="透镜状星系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1%E7%8B%80%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="透鏡狀星系 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="透鏡狀星系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0m-ki%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-ch%C5%8Dng_g%C3%AEn-h%C3%B4" title="Hàm-kiàⁿ-chōng gîn-hô – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàm-kiàⁿ-chōng gîn-hô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1%E7%8B%80%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="透鏡狀星系 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="透鏡狀星系" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192078#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="이름공간"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%EC%83%81%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="렌즈상은하">렌즈상은하</a>에서 넘어옴)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Ngc5866_hst_big.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ngc5866_hst_big.png/292px-Ngc5866_hst_big.png" decoding="async" width="292" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ngc5866_hst_big.png/438px-Ngc5866_hst_big.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ngc5866_hst_big.png/584px-Ngc5866_hst_big.png 2x" data-file-width="3190" data-file-height="3756" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC" title="용자리">용자리</a>의 렌즈형은하, <a href="/wiki/NGC_5866" title="NGC 5866">방추은하</a>(NGC 5866). 이 사진은 렌즈형은하가 상당히 많은 양의 먼지를 원반에 가지고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 가스가 매우 적거나 없기 때문에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%84%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" class="mw-redirect" title="성간물질">성간물질</a>이 부족한 것으로 간주된다. 제공:<a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>/<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="유럽우주기구">ESA</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>렌즈형은하</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">lenticular galaxy</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%ED%98%95%ED%83%9C_%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" class="mw-redirect" title="은하 형태 분류">은하의 형태 분류</a> 체계에서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="타원은하">타원은하</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="나선은하">나선은하</a>의 중간형 은하이다.<sup id="cite_ref-butaetal2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-butaetal2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 렌즈형은하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%84%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" class="mw-redirect" title="성간물질">성간물질</a>을 모두 소진했거나 대부분 잃어 매우 적은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1" title="항성 형성">별의 형성</a>이 일어나는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="원반은하">원반은하</a>이다.<sup id="cite_ref-DeGraaffetal2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGraaffetal2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그러나 이들은 원반에 상당한 먼지를 함유하고 있다. 결과적으로, 이들은 타원은하와 같이 주로 늙은 별들로 구성되어 있다. 분명하지 않은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%ED%8C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="나선팔">나선팔</a> 때문에, 이들이 정면으로 경사져 있으면 보통 타원은하와 구별하기 힘들다. 렌즈형은하와 타원은하는 형태적 차이에도 불구하고 스펙트럼 특징, 규모관계, 모두 적어도 근방의 우주에서 소극적으로 진화하는 조기형은하로 간주되는 점과 같은 특징을 공통적으로 갖는다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="형태_및_구조"><span id=".ED.98.95.ED.83.9C_.EB.B0.8F_.EA.B5.AC.EC.A1.B0"></span>형태 및 구조</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 형태 및 구조"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="분류"><span id=".EB.B6.84.EB.A5.98"></span>분류</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 분류"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Wikifigure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Wikifigure.png" decoding="async" width="495" height="310" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption> 렌즈형은하와 나선은하의 표본에 대한 특정한 축비(단축/장축)를 가진 은하의 백분율. 그림은 명시된 단축(b) 대 장축(a)의 비에서 각 유형의 은하에 관한 윤곽의 시각적 표현이다. 데이터는 1998년 비니와 메리필드의 것을 기반했다.<sup id="cite_ref-bmbook_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>렌즈형은하는 가시적인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%98" title="은하원반">원반</a> 뿐만 아니라 돌출된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%ED%8C%BD%EB%8C%80%EB%B6%80" title="은하팽대부">팽대부</a>를 가지고 있다는 점에서 특이하다. 이들은 일반적인 나선은하보다 훨씬 큰 팽대부 대 원반의 비를 가지고 있고, 아직 중심의 막대가 보이는 만기형은하<sup id="cite_ref-latevsearly_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latevsearly-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>의 표준형 나선팔 구조가 없다.<sup id="cite_ref-bmbook_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 팽대부의 우세가 렌즈형은하 표본의 축비(<i>axis ratio</i>, 관측된 원반은하의 단축 및 장축 사이의 비율)분포에서 보여진다. 렌즈형은하에 대한 분포는 0.25에서 0.85까지의 범위에서 꾸준히 증가하지만, 나선은하에 대한 분포는 동일한 범위에서 거의 평탄하다.<sup id="cite_ref-Shapes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 큰 축비는 정면을 향하는 원반은하의 관측 또는 거대구(<i>spheroidal-dominated</i>) 은하의 표본을 보유함으로써 설명될 수 있다. 두 원반은하를 측면에서 본다고 상상해보라, 하나는 팽대부를 가지고 다른 하나는 팽대부가 없다. 축비의 정의에 근거해서, 돌출된 팽대부를 가진 은하는 팽대부가 없는 은하에 비해 가장자리에서의 축비가 더 크다. 따라서 돌출된 구(팽대부) 요소를 가지는 원반은하의 표본은 더 큰 축비에서 많은 은하를 가지게 될 것이다. 렌즈형은하 분포가 관측된 축비에 따라 증가한다는 사실은, 렌즈형은하가 중심의 팽대부 요소에 의해 두드러지는 특징을 가진다는 것을 시사한다.<sup id="cite_ref-bmbook_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>렌즈형은하는 보통 나선은하와 타원은하 사이의 저조하게 이해된 전이 단계로 간주되는데, 그 때문에 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94_%EC%88%9C%EC%B0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="허블 순차">허블 순차</a>의 중간에 위치해 있다. 이는 렌즈형은하가 두드러지는 원반 및 팽대부 요소를 모두 가지기 때문이다. 원반은 보통 특징이 없는데, 이것이 렌즈형은하를 나선은하와 동일한 분류 체계로 분류되지 못하는 이유이다. 팽대부는 보통 구형이기 때문에, 타원은하로의 분류에도 적합하지 않다. 따라서 렌즈형은하는 현재 먼지조성이나 중심 막대의 뚜렷함 둘 중 하나에 기반하여 하위유형으로 세분화 된다. 렌즈형은하의 유형으로는 원반에서의 먼지조성에 근거하여 S0<sub>1</sub>형, S0<sub>2</sub>형, S0<sub>3</sub>형과 중심 막대의 존재에 근거하여 SB0<sub>1</sub>형, SB0<sub>2</sub>형, SB0<sub>3</sub>형이 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-bmbook_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="서직_분해"><span id=".EC.84.9C.EC.A7.81_.EB.B6.84.ED.95.B4"></span>서직 분해</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 서직 분해"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:NGC_2787.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NGC_2787.jpg/300px-NGC_2787.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NGC_2787.jpg/450px-NGC_2787.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NGC_2787.jpg/600px-NGC_2787.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_2787&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 2787 (없는 문서)">NGC 2787</a>은 먼지의 흡수가 보이는 렌즈형은하의 예이다. 이 은하는 S0형 은하로 분류되었지만, 나선은하, 타원은하, 렌즈형은하 사이의 구분에 대한 어려움이 보인다. 제공:<a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="허블 우주 망원경">HST</a></figcaption></figure> <p>타원은하와 나선은하는 어느정도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%A7%81_%EC%9C%A4%EA%B3%BD" title="서직 윤곽">서직 윤곽</a>을 잘 드러내는 경향을 가지고 있는데 비해, 렌즈형은하의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EB%A9%B4%EB%B0%9D%EA%B8%B0" title="표면밝기">표면밝기</a> 윤곽은 수치화하기 매우 힘들다. 렌즈형은하의 원반은 보통 매우 평탄한 표면밝기 분포(서직지수 n ≈ 1)를 가지고 있는데, 특히 원반의 최외곽 영역에서 그렇다.<sup id="cite_ref-bmbook_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 또한, 보통 원반은하에 대한 척도반지름 ≈4에서 원반은하의 표면밝기 끊김이 관측된다.<sup id="cite_ref-BMReview_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMReview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이러한 특징은 나선은하의 일반적인 구조와 일치한다. 그러나, 렌즈형은하의 팽대부는 형태분류 방면에서 타원은하와 더 밀접하게 관계되어 있다. 렌즈형은하의 전체 구조를 지배하는 이 구형 영역은 원반보다 훨씬 가파른 표면밝기 윤곽(서식지수 n ≈ 4, 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%93%9C_%EB%B3%B4%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EB%A5%B4_%EC%9C%A4%EA%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="드 보클레르 윤곽">드 보클레르 윤곽</a>)을 가지고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-BMReview_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMReview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 팽대부가 은하 전체를 지배하는 경향이 있기 때문에 렌즈형은하의 표본은 보통 전체 표면밝기 윤곽 방면에서 타원은하의 분포와 구별될 수 없다. 그러나, 팽대부를 설명하는 서직지수 및 원반을 설명하는 서직지수처럼 표면밝기 윤곽을 설명하기 위해 여러개의 서직지수를 필요로 할 때, 이러한 은하는 보통 S0 형태 유형으로 분류된다.<sup id="cite_ref-bmbook_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이는 렌즈형은하가 다른 형태 유형과 별개의 유형의 은하임을 의미한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="막대"><span id=".EB.A7.89.EB.8C.80"></span>막대</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 막대"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>렌즈형은하는 나선은하처럼 중심의 막대구조를 가질 수 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="정상렌즈형은하">정상렌즈형은하</a>에 대한 분류 체계가 먼지조성에 기반하는데 비해, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EB%8C%80%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="막대렌즈형은하">막대렌즈형은하</a>는 중심 막대의 뚜렷함에 의해 분류된다. SB0<sub>1</sub>형 은하는 매우 작은 막대구조를 가지며 중심 팽대부의 맞은편을 따라 약간 높은 표면밝기를 가지는 은하로써만 분류된다. 막대의 뚜렷함은 지수에 따라 증가하는데, 따라서 SB0<sub>3</sub>형 은하에서는 팽대부와 원반 사이의 전이 영역에 뻗어있는 막대가 매우 뚜렷히 나타난다.<sup id="cite_ref-bmbook_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 불행히도, 렌즈형은하에서의 막대의 특징에 관해서 매우 자세히 연구된 적이 없다. 이러한 특징에 관한 이해는 막대의 형성 메커니즘에 관한 이해 뿐만 아니라 렌즈형은하의 형성 및 진화 역사를 밝히는데도 도움을 줄 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-BMReview_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMReview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="조성"><span id=".EC.A1.B0.EC.84.B1"></span>조성</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 조성"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>렌즈형은하의 조성은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="타원은하">타원은하</a>의 조성과 많은 점에서 유사하다. 예를 들면, 두 은하 모두 대부분 늙고 붉은 별들로 구성되어 있다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%88%B4%EB%A6%AC-%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94_%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" title="툴리-피셔 관계">툴리-피셔 관계</a>의 편차(<a href="#툴리-피셔_관계_편차">아래</a> 참고)에 따라, 구성 별들은 모두 약 10억 년보다 더 오래된 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 이러한 주요 구성 별들의 특징 외에, 동일한 질량 및 광도의 나선은하에서보다 렌즈형은하에서 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%83%81%EC%84%B1%EB%8B%A8" title="구상성단">구상성단</a>이 매우 자주 발견된다. 이들은 또 분자가스가 매우 적거나 없고(따라서 별의 형성도 없다) 수소α선 또는 21cm선 방출도 상당히 없다. 마지막으로, 이들은 타원은하와 달리 여전히 많은 먼지를 보유하고 있다. <sup id="cite_ref-bmbook_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="운동학"><span id=".EC.9A.B4.EB.8F.99.ED.95.99"></span>운동학</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 운동학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="측량의_어려움_및_기술"><span id=".EC.B8.A1.EB.9F.89.EC.9D.98_.EC.96.B4.EB.A0.A4.EC.9B.80_.EB.B0.8F_.EA.B8.B0.EC.88.A0"></span>측량의 어려움 및 기술</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 측량의 어려움 및 기술"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Potw1328a.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Potw1328a.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Potw1328a.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Potw1328a.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Potw1328a.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Potw1328a.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Potw1328a.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3895" data-file-height="3178" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 4866 (없는 문서)">NGC 4866</a>은 처녀자리 방향에 위치해 있는 렌즈형은하이다.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>렌즈형은하는 나선은하 및 타원은하와 함께 운동학적 특징을 공유한다.<sup id="cite_ref-MoranDynamicDistinction_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoranDynamicDistinction-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이는 렌즈형은하의 거대한 팽대부와 원반의 특징 때문이다. 팽대부는 중심의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8D%EB%8F%84%EB%B6%84%EC%82%B0" title="속도분산">속도분산</a>에 의해 압력이 가해진다는 점에서 타원은하와 유사하다. 이 상황은 공기입자(팽대부의 경우, 구성 별)의 운동이 무작위 운동에 의해 주도되는 풍선에서와 비슷하다. 그러나, 렌즈형은하의 운동학은 회전하는 원반에 의해 주도된다. 회전은 원반에서의 별들의 평균 원운동이 은하의 안정성의 원인으로 작용한다는 것을 의미한다. 나선은하와 렌즈형은하 사이의 차이점은 보통 이들의 경계선이 종종 특정한 팽대부 대 원반의 비율에 놓여있기 때문에 분석하기 간단하다는 점이다. 타원은하와 렌즈형은하 사이의 차이 규명은 보통 속도분산(σ), 회전속도(v), 이심률(ε)의 측정을 필요로 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-MoranDynamicDistinction_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoranDynamicDistinction-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 렌즈형은하와 타원은하를 구별하기 위해서는 보통 고정된 ε에 대한 v/σ 비를 살핀다. 예를 들어, 렌즈형은하와 타원은하 사이의 구별을 위한 대략적인 기준은 타원은하가 ε = 0.3에 대해서 0.5 > v/σ를 가지고 있다는 점이다.<sup id="cite_ref-MoranDynamicDistinction_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoranDynamicDistinction-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 기준이 세워진 이유는 타원은하가 원반구조를 가지지 않는 반면에 렌즈형은하는 뚜렷한 팽대부와 원반을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 타원은하에 비해 (원반 때문에)무시하지 못할 정도의 회전속도와 덜 뚜렷한 팽대부 때문에, 렌즈형은하는 타원은하보다 훨씬 큰 v/σ 비를 가지고 있다. </p><p>원반은하의 운동학은 보통 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C%EC%84%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="수소알파선 (없는 문서)">Hα선</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C%EC%84%A0" title="수소선">21cm</a> 방출선에 의해 측정된다. 그러한 선들은 렌즈형은하에서는 보통 차가운 가스의 부족으로 인해 나타나지 않는다.<sup id="cite_ref-BMReview_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMReview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 렌즈형은하에 대한 운동 정보와 대략적인 질량 추정은 보통 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%99%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%BC" title="방출 스펙트럼">방출선</a> 측정보다 덜 신뢰적인 별의 흡수선으로부터 얻는다. 또한 렌즈형은하에 대한 정밀한 회전속도를 얻기 위해서는 상당한 어려움이 뒤따른다. 이는 난해한 경사 측정, 팽대부-원반 접점 영역에서의 영상 효과, 실제 회전속도에 영향을 미치는 별의 무작위 운동과 같은 렌즈형은하의 복합적인 효과에 의한 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-FornaxKin_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FornaxKin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이러한 효과는 렌즈형은하의 운동측량을 정상원반은하에 비해 훨씬 어렵게 만든다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="툴리-피셔_관계_편차"><span id=".ED.88.B4.EB.A6.AC-.ED.94.BC.EC.85.94_.EA.B4.80.EA.B3.84_.ED.8E.B8.EC.B0.A8"></span>툴리-피셔 관계 편차</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 툴리-피셔 관계 편차"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:OffsetTF.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/OffsetTF.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>표는 나선은하 표본(검은색) 및 렌즈형은하 표본(파란색)에 관한 툴리-피셔 관계를 보여준다.<sup id="cite_ref-TFS0galaxies_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFS0galaxies-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 나선은하에 대한 최적선이 렌즈형은하에 대한 최적선과 얼마나 다른가를 볼 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-SpiralScalingRelations_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpiralScalingRelations-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>나선은하와 렌즈형은하 사이의 운동학적 관계는 나선은하와 렌즈형은하 표본에 대한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%88%B4%EB%A6%AC-%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94_%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" title="툴리-피셔 관계">툴리-피셔 관계</a>를 분석할 때 매우 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 진화한 나선은하의 단계가 렌즈형은하라면 렌즈형은하는 나선은하와 동일하지만 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%8F%84" title="광도">광도</a>/<a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" title="절대등급">절대등급</a> 축에서 편차를 가진 툴리-피셔 관계를 가져야 한다. 이는 밝고 붉은 별이 렌즈형은하의 항성분포에서 압도적으로 우세한 결과이다. 이 효과의 예가 옆의 표에서 보인다.<sup id="cite_ref-BMReview_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMReview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 나선은하 데이터에 대한 최적선이 뚜렷하게 보이며 렌즈형은하도 동일한 기울기(따라서 동일한 툴리-피셔 관계)의 최적선을 가지는 것이 보이지만, ΔI ≈ 1.5 까지의 편차가 있다. 이는 렌즈형은하가 한때 나선은하였으나 지금은 늙고 붉은 별들이 가장 두드러지는 은하임을 의미한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="형성_이론"><span id=".ED.98.95.EC.84.B1_.EC.9D.B4.EB.A1.A0"></span>형성 이론</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 형성 이론"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>렌즈형은하의 형태와 운동은 각각 어느정도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="은하의 형성과 진화">은하의 형성</a> 방식을 암시한다. 먼지투성이의 원반형 구조는 이들이 나선팔이 사라진, 퇴화된 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="나선은하">나선은하</a>에서 비롯되었음을 시사한다. 대안은 렌즈형은하가 나선은하보다 훨씬 밝은 은하로서, 그저 퇴화된 나선은하의 잔해이기 보다는, 총 항성질량이 증가하고 나선팔이 없어 보이는 원반형의 새로 병합된 은하를 만드는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%B3%91%ED%95%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="은하병합">은하병합</a>의 결과라고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-BMReview_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMReview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="퇴화된_나선은하"><span id=".ED.87.B4.ED.99.94.EB.90.9C_.EB.82.98.EC.84.A0.EC.9D.80.ED.95.98"></span>퇴화된 나선은하</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 퇴화된 나선은하"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>가스의 결핍, 먼지의 존재, 현재 별의 형성의 부족, 회전은 모두 별을 형성하기 위해 가스를 모두 소진한 나선은하에서 예측되는 특징이다.<sup id="cite_ref-BMReview_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMReview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 가능성은 가스 보유량이 부족한, 또는 "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B9%88%ED%98%88%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="빈혈나선은하 (없는 문서)">빈혈</a>" 나선은하를 통해 더 커진다. 은하의 나선무늬가 소멸된다면, 결과로 은하는 많은 렌즈형은하와 동일하게 보일 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-Elmegreen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmegreen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 또한 무어 등은 근처의 다른 은하에 의한 중력적 효과인 조석학대가 밀한 영역에서 이 과정을 도울 수 있다고 뒷받침했다.<sup id="cite_ref-MLK98_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLK98-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그러나, 이 이론의 가장 명확한 근거는 위에서 말했듯이 툴리-피셔 관계에서 위로 약간 이동한 채로 자리를 고수하고 있다는 것이다. </p><p>2012년에 발표된 논문은 캐나다의 천문학자 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_%EB%B0%98_%EB%8D%B4_%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="시드니 반 덴 버그 (없는 문서)">시드니 반 덴 버그</a>에 의해 처음으로 발표된, 렌즈형은하와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%99%9C%EC%86%8C%EA%B5%AC%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="왜소구형은하">왜소구형은하</a>(S0a-S0b-S0c-dSph)에 대한 새로운 분류 체계를 주장했다. 이는 나선은하와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B7%9C%EC%B9%99%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="불규칙은하">불규칙은하</a>(Sa-Sb-Sc-Im)에 대해 평행한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94_%EC%88%9C%EC%B0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="허블 순차">허블 순차</a>로, 나선은하-불규칙은하 순차와 얼마나 유사한지 보여주는 이러한 생각을 보강한다.<sup id="cite_ref-Bender2012_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bender2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="병합"><span id=".EB.B3.91.ED.95.A9"></span>병합</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 병합"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>버스테인<sup id="cite_ref-DM05_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM05-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>과 샌디지<sup id="cite_ref-Sandage05_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandage05-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>의 분석은 렌즈형은하가 일반적으로 다른 나선형 은하보다 훨씬 큰 표면밝기를 가지고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 렌즈형은하는 나선은하보다 큰 팽대부 대 원반 비를 내보이는데, 이는 단순하게 나선은하가 늙었다는 것과는 상반되는 것으로 여겨지고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler80_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler80-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CZ2004_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CZ2004-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S0형 은하가 다른 나선은하들의 병합으로 형성되었다면, 이들의 관측과 잘 들어맞고 또 증가한 구상성단의 빈도를 설명할 수도 있다. 그러나 일반적인 서직 윤곽 및 막대를 모두 포함하여 설명할 수 있는 중심 팽대부에 관한 정밀한 모형이, 팽대부의 크기가 작음을 보여주면서 모순을 줄일 수 있어야 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-LSB05_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSB05-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 또한 병합된 은하가 우리가 오늘날 보는 은하들과 약간 다르다는 가정이 없다면, 병합으로 툴리-피셔 관계의 편차에 관해 설명하는 것은 불가능하다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="렌즈형은하의_예"><span id=".EB.A0.8C.EC.A6.88.ED.98.95.EC.9D.80.ED.95.98.EC.9D.98_.EC.98.88"></span>렌즈형은하의 예</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 렌즈형은하의 예"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cartwheel_Galaxy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cartwheel_Galaxy.jpg/220px-Cartwheel_Galaxy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cartwheel_Galaxy.jpg/330px-Cartwheel_Galaxy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cartwheel_Galaxy.jpg/440px-Cartwheel_Galaxy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>수레바퀴 은하</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%94%ED%80%B4_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="수레바퀴 은하">수레바퀴 은하</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EA%B0%81%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC" title="조각가자리">조각가자리</a> 방향으로 약 5억 광년 떨어진 렌즈형은하</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_2787&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 2787 (없는 문서)">NGC 2787</a>, 막대렌즈형은하</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>내용주</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-latevsearly-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-latevsearly_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">허블의 분류 체계에서 왼쪽에 있는 은하는 가끔 "조기형"(<i>early-type</i>)으로 표현되고, 오른쪽에 있는 은하는 "만기형"(<i>late-type</i>)으로 표현된다.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>참조주</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r35556958"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">한국천문학회 편 《천문학용어집》 232쪽 우단 2째줄</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-butaetal2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-butaetal2007_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">R. J. Buta, H. G. Corwin, Jr., S. C. Odewahn (2007년). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/devaucouleursatl0000buta">《드 보클레르 은하 성도》</a>. 케임브리지: 케임브리지 대학교. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0521820486" title="특수:책찾기/978-0521820486"><bdi>978-0521820486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EB%93%9C+%EB%B3%B4%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EB%A5%B4+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98+%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84&rft.place=%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80&rft.pub=%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80+%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0521820486&rft.au=R.+J.+Buta%2C+H.+G.+Corwin%2C+Jr.%2C+S.+C.+Odewahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdevaucouleursatl0000buta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeGraaffetal2007-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DeGraaffetal2007_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">DeGraaff, Regina Barber; Blakeslee, John P.; Meurer, Gerhardt R.; Putman, Mary E. (2007년 12월). “전이 과정의 은하: 황새치자리의 별형성 S0 은하 NGC 1533의 구조, 구상성단, 거리”. 《천체물리학 저널》 <b>671</b> (2): 1624–1639. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671.1624D">2007ApJ...671.1624D</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F523640">10.1086/523640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=%EC%A0%84%EC%9D%B4+%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%98+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%3A+%ED%99%A9%EC%83%88%EC%B9%98%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%98+%EB%B3%84%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1+S0+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98+NGC+1533%EC%9D%98+%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%2C+%EA%B5%AC%EC%83%81%EC%84%B1%EB%8B%A8%2C+%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%AC&rft.volume=671&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1624-1639&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F523640&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007ApJ...671.1624D&rft.au=DeGraaff%2C+Regina+Barber%3B+Blakeslee%2C+John+P.%3B+Meurer%2C+Gerhardt+R.%3B+Putman%2C+Mary+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bmbook-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bmbook_4-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bmbook_4-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bmbook_4-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bmbook_4-3">라</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bmbook_4-4">마</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bmbook_4-5">바</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bmbook_4-6">사</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bmbook_4-7">아</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Binney & Merrifield (1998). 《은하 천문학》. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-691-02565-7" title="특수:책찾기/0-691-02565-7"><bdi>0-691-02565-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98+%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-691-02565-7&rft.au=Binney+%26+Merrifield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shapes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shapes_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lambas, D.G.; S.J.Maddox 및 J. Loveday (1992). “은하의 실제 모양에 관하여”. 《MNRAS》 <b>258</b> (2): 404–414. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992MNRAS.258..404L">1992MNRAS.258..404L</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MNRAS&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%EC%8B%A4%EC%A0%9C+%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91%EC%97%90+%EA%B4%80%ED%95%98%EC%97%AC&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=404-414&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992MNRAS.258..404L&rft.aulast=Lambas&rft.aufirst=D.G.&rft.au=S.J.Maddox+%EB%B0%8F+J.+Loveday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMReview-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BMReview_7-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BMReview_7-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BMReview_7-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BMReview_7-3">라</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BMReview_7-4">마</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BMReview_7-5">바</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BMReview_7-6">사</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">Blanton, Michael; John Moustakas (2009). “근처 은하의 물리적 특징 및 환경”. 《Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics》 <b>47</b> (1): 159–210. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0908.3017">0908.3017</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ARA&A..47..159B">2009ARA&A..47..159B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-082708-101734">10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=%EA%B7%BC%EC%B2%98+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A0%81+%ED%8A%B9%EC%A7%95+%EB%B0%8F+%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=159-210&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0908.3017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-082708-101734&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009ARA%26A..47..159B&rft.aulast=Blanton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=John+Moustakas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1328a/">“집단에서 낯선 개체”</a>. 《이번 주의 ESA/허블사진》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2013년 7월 21일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%88+%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98+ESA%2F%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84&rft.atitle=%EC%A7%91%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C+%EB%82%AF%EC%84%A0+%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetelescope.org%2Fimages%2Fpotw1328a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoranDynamicDistinction-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MoranDynamicDistinction_9-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MoranDynamicDistinction_9-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MoranDynamicDistinction_9-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Moran, Sean M.; Boon Liang Loh; Richard S. Ellis; Tommaso Treu; Kevin Bundy; Lauren MacArthur (2007년 8월 20일). “멀리 있는 은하단에 있는 타원은하와 렌즈형은하 사이의 동역학적 구별: S0형 은하의 최근의 기원에 관한 더 앞선 증거”. 《천체물리학 저널》 <b>665</b> (2): 1067–1073. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0701114">astro-ph/0701114</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...665.1067M">2007ApJ...665.1067M</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F519550">10.1086/519550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=%EB%A9%80%EB%A6%AC+%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90+%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94+%ED%83%80%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%99%80+%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98+%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98+%EB%8F%99%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81+%EA%B5%AC%EB%B3%84%3A+S0%ED%98%95+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%EC%B5%9C%EA%B7%BC%EC%9D%98+%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%97%90+%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C+%EB%8D%94+%EC%95%9E%EC%84%A0+%EC%A6%9D%EA%B1%B0&rft.volume=665&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1067-1073&rft.date=2007-08-20&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0701114&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F519550&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007ApJ...665.1067M&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=Sean+M.&rft.au=Boon+Liang+Loh&rft.au=Richard+S.+Ellis&rft.au=Tommaso+Treu&rft.au=Kevin+Bundy&rft.au=Lauren+MacArthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FornaxKin-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FornaxKin_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bedregal, A.G.; A. Aragon-Salamanca, M.R. Merrifield, B. Milvang-Jensen (2006년 10월). “화로자리의 S0형 은하: 데이터 및 운동”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C_%EC%9B%94%EA%B0%84%EB%B3%B4%EA%B3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="왕립천문학회 월간보고 (없는 문서)">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</a>》 <b>371</b> (4): 1912–1224. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0607434">astro-ph/0607434</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MNRAS.371.1912B">2006MNRAS.371.1912B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2006.10829.x">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10829.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=%ED%99%94%EB%A1%9C%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%98+S0%ED%98%95+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%3A+%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0+%EB%B0%8F+%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99&rft.volume=371&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1912-1224&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0607434&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2006.10829.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MNRAS.371.1912B&rft.aulast=Bedregal&rft.aufirst=A.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">더 이상 지원되지 않는 변수를 사용함 (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90#deprecated_params" title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말">도움말</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TFS0galaxies-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TFS0galaxies_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bedregal, A.G.; A. Aragon-Salamanca, M.R. Merrifield (2006년 12월). “S0형 은하에 관한 툴리-피셔 관계”. 《왕립천문학회 월간보고》 <b>373</b> (3): 1125–1140. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0609076">astro-ph/0609076</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MNRAS.373.1125B">2006MNRAS.373.1125B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2006.11031.x">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11031.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C+%EC%9B%94%EA%B0%84%EB%B3%B4%EA%B3%A0&rft.atitle=S0%ED%98%95+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%97%90+%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C+%ED%88%B4%EB%A6%AC-%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94+%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84&rft.volume=373&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1125-1140&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0609076&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2006.11031.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MNRAS.373.1125B&rft.aulast=Bedregal&rft.aufirst=A.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">더 이상 지원되지 않는 변수를 사용함 (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90#deprecated_params" title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말">도움말</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpiralScalingRelations-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SpiralScalingRelations_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Courteau, Stephane; Aaron A. Dutton, Frank C. van den Bosch, Lauren A. MacArthur, Avishai Dekel, Daniel H. McIntosh, Daniel A. Dale (2007년 12월 10일). “나선은하의 규모관계”. 《천체물리학 저널》 <b>671</b> (1): 203–225. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0708.0422">0708.0422</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671..203C">2007ApJ...671..203C</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F522193">10.1086/522193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84&rft.volume=671&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=203-225&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0708.0422&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F522193&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007ApJ...671..203C&rft.aulast=Courteau&rft.aufirst=Stephane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">더 이상 지원되지 않는 변수를 사용함 (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90#deprecated_params" title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말">도움말</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elmegreen-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Elmegreen_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Elmegreen, Debra; Bruce G. Elmegreen; Jay A. Frogel; Paul B. Eskridge; Richard W. Pogge; Andrew Gallagher; Joel Iams (2002). “빈혈나선은하에서의 나선팔 구조”. 《천문학 저널》 <b>124</b> (2): 777. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0205105">astro-ph/0205105</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AJ....124..777E">2002AJ....124..777E</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F341613">10.1086/341613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=%EB%B9%88%ED%98%88%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98+%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%ED%8C%94+%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=777&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0205105&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F341613&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002AJ....124..777E&rft.aulast=Elmegreen&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft.au=Bruce+G.+Elmegreen&rft.au=Jay+A.+Frogel&rft.au=Paul+B.+Eskridge&rft.au=Richard+W.+Pogge&rft.au=Andrew+Gallagher&rft.au=Joel+Iams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLK98-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MLK98_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Moore, Ben; George Lake; Neal Katz (1998). “은하학대에 의한 형태적 변화”. 《천체물리학 저널》 <b>495</b> (1): 139. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9701211">astro-ph/9701211</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...495..139M">1998ApJ...495..139M</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F305264">10.1086/305264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%ED%95%99%EB%8C%80%EC%97%90+%EC%9D%98%ED%95%9C+%ED%98%95%ED%83%9C%EC%A0%81+%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&rft.volume=495&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=139&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9701211&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F305264&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998ApJ...495..139M&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=George+Lake&rft.au=Neal+Katz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bender2012-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bender2012_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kormendy, John; Ralf Bender (2012). “수정된 은하의 평행-순차 형태 분류: S0형 및 구형은하의 구조 및 형성”. 《천체물리학 저널 증보》 <b>198</b> (1): 2. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1110.4384">1110.4384</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJS..198....2K">2012ApJS..198....2K</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0067-0049%2F198%2F1%2F2">10.1088/0067-0049/198/1/2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90+%EC%A6%9D%EB%B3%B4&rft.atitle=%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95%EB%90%9C+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%ED%8F%89%ED%96%89-%EC%88%9C%EC%B0%A8+%ED%98%95%ED%83%9C+%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%3A+S0%ED%98%95+%EB%B0%8F+%EA%B5%AC%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0+%EB%B0%8F+%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1110.4384&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0067-0049%2F198%2F1%2F2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012ApJS..198....2K&rft.aulast=Kormendy&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Ralf+Bender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DM05-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DM05_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Burstein, D; Ho LC; Huchra JP; Macri LM (2005). “은하의 K 대역 광도: S0형 은하는 나선은하에서 비롯된 것일까?”. 《천체물리학 저널》 <b>621</b> (1): 246–55. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApJ...621..246B">2005ApJ...621..246B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F427408">10.1086/427408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+K+%EB%8C%80%EC%97%AD+%EA%B4%91%EB%8F%84%3A+S0%ED%98%95+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94+%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C+%EB%B9%84%EB%A1%AF%EB%90%9C+%EA%B2%83%EC%9D%BC%EA%B9%8C%3F&rft.volume=621&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=246-55&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F427408&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005ApJ...621..246B&rft.aulast=Burstein&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Ho+LC&rft.au=Huchra+JP&rft.au=Macri+LM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandage05-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sandage05_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sandage, A (2005). “은하의 분류: 초기 역사 및 진행 중인 진화”. 《Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics》 <b>43</b> (1): 581–624. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ARA&A..43..581S">2005ARA&A..43..581S</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.astro.43.112904.104839">10.1146/annurev.astro.43.112904.104839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%3A+%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0+%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC+%EB%B0%8F+%EC%A7%84%ED%96%89+%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%B8+%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=581-624&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.astro.43.112904.104839&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005ARA%26A..43..581S&rft.aulast=Sandage&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dressler80-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dressler80_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dressler, A; Gilmore, Diane M. (1980). “은하단에 있는 은하에 대한 형태-밀도 관계의 해석에 관하여”. 《천체물리학 저널》 <b>236</b>: 351–65. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991ApJ...367...64W">1991ApJ...367...64W</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F169602">10.1086/169602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90+%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%97%90+%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C+%ED%98%95%ED%83%9C-%EB%B0%80%EB%8F%84+%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98+%ED%95%B4%EC%84%9D%EC%97%90+%EA%B4%80%ED%95%98%EC%97%AC&rft.volume=236&rft.pages=351-65&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F169602&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991ApJ...367...64W&rft.aulast=Dressler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+Diane+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CZ2004-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CZ2004_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Christlein, D; Zabludoff AI (2004). “조기형은하는 만기형은하의 원반의 퇴화로부터 진화할 수 있을까?”. 《천체물리학 저널》 <b>616</b> (1): 192–98. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0408036">astro-ph/0408036</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ApJ...616..192C">2004ApJ...616..192C</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F424909">10.1086/424909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=%EC%A1%B0%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94+%EB%A7%8C%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%98+%ED%87%B4%ED%99%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%B6%80%ED%84%B0+%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%ED%95%A0+%EC%88%98+%EC%9E%88%EC%9D%84%EA%B9%8C%3F&rft.volume=616&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=192-98&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0408036&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F424909&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004ApJ...616..192C&rft.aulast=Christlein&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Zabludoff+AI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LSB05-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LSB05_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Laurikainen, Eija; Heikki Salo; Ronald Buta (2005년 10월). “S0형 은하의 표본에 관한 다중요소 분해”. 《MNRAS》 <b>362</b> (4): 1319–1347. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0508097">astro-ph/0508097</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005MNRAS.362.1319L">2005MNRAS.362.1319L</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2005.09404.x">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09404.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MNRAS&rft.atitle=S0%ED%98%95+%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98+%ED%91%9C%EB%B3%B8%EC%97%90+%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C+%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91%EC%9A%94%EC%86%8C+%EB%B6%84%ED%95%B4&rft.volume=362&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1319-1347&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0508097&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2005.09404.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005MNRAS.362.1319L&rft.aulast=Laurikainen&rft.aufirst=Eija&rft.au=Heikki+Salo&rft.au=Ronald+Buta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> 위키미디어 공용에 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lenticular_galaxies?uselang=ko">렌즈형은하</a></span> 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="원반은하">원반은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%9C%EC%86%8C%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="왜소은하">왜소은하</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%9C%EC%86%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="왜소타원은하">왜소타원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B7%9C%EC%B9%99%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="불규칙은하">왜소불규칙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%9C%EC%86%8C%EA%B5%AC%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="왜소구형은하">왜소구형</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%9C%EC%86%8C%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="왜소나선은하">왜소나선</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="타원은하">타원은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B7%9C%EC%B9%99%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="불규칙은하">불규칙은하</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EB%8C%80%EB%B6%88%EA%B7%9C%EC%B9%99%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="막대불규칙은하">막대</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">렌즈형은하</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EB%8C%80%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="막대렌즈형은하">막대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88%ED%98%95%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="정상렌즈형은하">정상</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="고리은하">고리은하</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="극고리은하">극고리</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="나선은하">나선은하</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EB%8C%80%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="막대나선은하">막대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%ED%84%B8%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="양털나선은하">양털</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0_%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="거대구조 나선은하">거대구조</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="중간나선은하">중간</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%88%EC%A0%A4%EB%9E%80%ED%98%95_%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="마젤란형 나선은하 (없는 문서)">마젤란</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="정상나선은하">정상</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="CD은하">cD은하</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:MidnightBlue; color:#ffffff;">구조</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%8C%80%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89_%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99%ED%99%80" title="초대질량 블랙홀">초대질량 블랙홀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%ED%8C%BD%EB%8C%80%EB%B6%80" title="은하팽대부">팽대부</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EB%8C%80%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="막대나선은하">막대부</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%98" title="은하원반">원반</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%87%EC%9D%80_%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%98" title="얇은 원반">얇은 원반</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%91%90%EA%BA%BC%EC%9A%B4_%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%98" title="두꺼운 원반">두꺼운 원반</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%ED%8C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="나선팔">나선팔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%BC%EB%A1%9C" title="은하헤일로">은하헤일로</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88_%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%BC%EB%A1%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="암흑 물질 헤일로">암흑 물질 헤일로</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="원시은하">원시은하</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:MidnightBlue; color:#ffffff;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%ED%95%B5" title="활동은하핵"><span style="color:#ffffff;">활동은하</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EB%A1%A0%EC%A0%81_%EC%A0%9C%ED%8A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="상대론적 제트">상대론적 제트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LINER" class="mw-redirect" title="LINER">LINER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="전파은하">전파은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="세이퍼트 은하">세이퍼트 은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90" title="블레이자">블레이자</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%A7%88%EB%B1%80%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_BL_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="도마뱀자리 BL 천체">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%8B%9C%EA%B4%91%EA%B2%A9%EB%B3%80_%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC" title="가시광격변 퀘이사">OVV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC" title="퀘이사">퀘이사</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:MidnightBlue; color:#ffffff;">활발은하</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%A8%BC-%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C%EC%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="라이먼-알파 방출원 (없는 문서)">LAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%81%EC%99%B8%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="발광적외선은하">LIRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%81_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="폭발적 항성생성 은하">폭발적 항성생성 은하</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%9C%EC%86%8C%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="왜소은하">BCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%84%EB%91%90%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="완두은하">완두</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:MidnightBlue; color:#ffffff;">상호작용</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%A5%98" class="mw-redirect" title="성류">성류</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="상호작용은하">상호작용은하</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%B3%91%ED%95%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="은하병합">병합</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%81_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="폭발적 항성생성 은하">폭발적 항성생성 은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="위성은하">위성은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EA%B5%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%8B%A8" title="은하군 및 은하단">은하군 및 은하단</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%A5_%EB%B0%9D%EC%9D%80_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%8B%A8_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="가장 밝은 은하단 은하">BCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EA%B5%B0" title="화석은하군">화석은하군</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EB%8B%A8" title="초은하단">초은하단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%ED%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%A9%98%ED%8A%B8" title="은하 필라멘트">은하 필라멘트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B1%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="낱은하">낱은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" class="mw-redirect" title="공동 은하">공동 은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99" title="거시공동">거시공동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%9D" title="은하 조석">은하 조석</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:MidnightBlue; color:#ffffff;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="은하 목록"><span style="color:#ffffff;">목록</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EA%B9%8C%EC%9A%B4_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="가까운 은하 목록">가까운 은하</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="퀘이사 목록 (없는 문서)">퀘이사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="나선은하 목록">나선은하</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:MidnightBlue; color:#ffffff;">같이 보기</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="암흑은하">암흑은하</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%AC%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%9C_%EC%B2%AD%EC%83%89%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="희미한 청색은하 (없는 문서)">희미한 청색은하</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="은하의 형성 및 진화">은하의 형성 및 진화</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EA%B0%84_%EB%A8%BC%EC%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="은하간 먼지 (없는 문서)">은하간 먼지</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EA%B0%84_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="은하간 항성 (없는 문서)">은하간 항성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EA%B0%84_%EC%97%AC%ED%96%89" title="은하간 여행">은하간 여행</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:MidnightBlue; color:#ffffff;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="분류"><img alt="분류" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="분류:은하"><span style="color:#ffffff;">분류</span></a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a>: 국가 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192078#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4253889-0">독일</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" 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