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Rištanas – Vikipedija

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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 kalbų</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رشتان – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رشتان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رشتان – Egipto arabų" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رشتان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egipto arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ریشتان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریشتان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рыштан – baltarusių" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рыштан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltarusių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishtan" title="Rishtan – sebuanų" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rishtan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishton_(Usbekistan)" title="Rishton (Usbekistan) – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rishton (Usbekistan)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishton,_Uzbekistan" title="Rishton, Uzbekistan – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rishton, Uzbekistan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishtan" title="Rishtan – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rishtan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رشتان – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رشتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishton" title="Rishton – suomių" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rishton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="suomių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richtan" title="Richtan – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richtan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishton" title="Rishton – aukštutinių sorbų" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rishton" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="aukštutinių sorbų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishdan" title="Rishdan – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rishdan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="リシタン – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リシタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Риштан – osetinų" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Риштан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishton_(Uzbekistan)" title="Rishton (Uzbekistan) – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rishton (Uzbekistan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Риштан – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Риштан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C5%9Ftan" title="Riştan – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Riştan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Риштан – totorių" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Риштан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="totorių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ریشتان، ازبکستان – urdų" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریشتان، ازبکستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishton" title="Rishton – uzbekų" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rishton" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%80%E5%9D%A6" title="里什坦 – kinų" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="里什坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/92px-NoFonti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>&#160; </td> <td><b>Šiam straipsniui ar jo daliai <a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:Patikrinamumas" title="Vikipedija:Patikrinamumas">trūksta išnašų į patikimus šaltinius</a>.</b><br /><small>Jūs galite padėti Vikipedijai pridėdami <a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:%C5%A0altini%C5%B3_nurodymas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipedija:Šaltinių nurodymas">tinkamas išnašas</a> su šaltiniais.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="270px" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; float: right; clear: right; font-size: 90%; padding: 5px; background: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#e0efef;"><big>Rištanas</big><br /><a href="/wiki/Uzbek%C5%B3_kalba" title="Uzbekų kalba">uzb.</a> <i>Rishton</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><span style="display: inline;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Rishton_Ceramics_ac_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rishton_Ceramics_ac_%281%29.jpg/250px-Rishton_Ceramics_ac_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rishton_Ceramics_ac_%281%29.jpg/375px-Rishton_Ceramics_ac_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rishton_Ceramics_ac_%281%29.jpg/500px-Rishton_Ceramics_ac_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1565" data-file-height="1043" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></span><small><i>Rištono apylinkių keramika</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#e0efef;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" nowrap=""><div class="center"><div style="display: inline;" align="center" title="Žemėlapis"> <div class="center"><div style="width:260px; float: none; clear: both; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"> <div> <div class="location-map" style="position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Uzbekistan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rištanas"><img alt="Rištanas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Uzbekistan_location_map.svg/260px-Uzbekistan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Uzbekistan_location_map.svg/390px-Uzbekistan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Uzbekistan_location_map.svg/520px-Uzbekistan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="1397" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 60.9%; left: 87.6%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -5px; top: -5px; width: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height:0;" title=""><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rištanas"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; z-index:90; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; left: -6.5em; text-align: right;"><span style="padding: 1px;">Rištanas</span></div></div></div> <div style="font-size: 90%; padding-top:3px;"> </div> </div> </div></div></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7221850">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=lt&amp;pagename=Ri%C5%A1tanas&amp;params=40_21_24_N_71_17_5_E_region:UZ_type:city(31881)_scale:500000&amp;title=Ri%C5%A1tanas"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Žemėlapiai, palydovinės nuotraukos ir kita su vieta susijusi medžiaga"><span class="latitude">40°21′24″ š. pl.</span> <span class="longitude">71°17′5″ r. ilg.</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Žemėlapiai, palydovinės nuotraukos ir kita su vieta susijusi medžiaga">40.35667°š. pl. 71.28472°r. ilg.</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">40.35667; 71.28472</span></span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; (<span class="fn org">Rištanas</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#e0efef;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="line-height:14px;"><small><a href="/wiki/Laiko_juosta" title="Laiko juosta">Laiko juosta</a>: (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#e0efef;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Valstybė</b></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekija" title="Uzbekijos vėliava"><img alt="Uzbekijos vėliava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Uzbekija" title="Uzbekija">Uzbekija</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Vilajetas</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferganos_vilajetas" title="Ferganos vilajetas">Ferganos vilajetas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Rajonas</b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ri%C5%A1tano_rajonas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rištano rajonas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Rištano rajonas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#e0efef;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Įkūrimo data</b></td> <td>X a. (pirmas paminėjimas) </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#e0efef;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b>Gyventojų</b><span style="display:none&#91;&#91;2009&#93;&#93;"> <small>(<a href="/wiki/2009" class="mw-redirect" title="2009">2009</a>)</small></span></span></td> <td>31&#160;881 <small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Altitudė</b></td> <td>480 m </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Rištanas</b> − miestas <a href="/wiki/Ferganos_vilajetas" title="Ferganos vilajetas">Ferganos vilajete</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uzbekija" title="Uzbekija">Uzbekija</a>), esantis tarp <a href="/wiki/Kokandas" title="Kokandas">Kokando</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Fergana" title="Fergana">Ferganos</a>, Rištano tumano centras. Pagrindinės vartojamos kalbos − <a href="/wiki/Uzbek%C5%B3_kalba" title="Uzbekų kalba">uzbekų</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Tad%C5%BEik%C5%B3_kalba" title="Tadžikų kalba">tadžikų</a>. Miestas garsėja tradicine keramika. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Fergana_districts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Fergana_districts.png/300px-Fergana_districts.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Fergana_districts.png/450px-Fergana_districts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Fergana_districts.png/600px-Fergana_districts.png 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Rištano <a href="/wiki/Tumanas" title="Tumanas">tumanas</a> (pažymėtas 10 numeriu) <a href="/wiki/Ferganos_vilajetas" title="Ferganos vilajetas">Ferganos vilajete</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rištanas yra vienas žymiausių ir seniausių <a href="/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika">keramikos</a> centrų Uzbekijoje. Pagal legendas keramika šiose apylinkėse užsiimama jau daugiau nei 800 metų, šis amatas perduodamas iš kartos į kartą. Apylinkės garsėja puikios kokybės rausvai geltonu <a href="/wiki/Molis" title="Molis">moliu</a>, kurio 0,5−1,5 m storio klodas yra 1−1,5 m gylyje ir apima beveik visą Rištano <a href="/wiki/Tumanas" title="Tumanas">tumaną</a>. Šis molis tinka puodininkystei be jokio apdorojimo ar kitų molių priedų. Rištano puodžiai savo keramikoje naudoja pigmentus ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvarco_sm%C4%97lis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvarco smėlis (puslapis neegzistuoja)">kvarco smėlį</a>, gaunamus gretimuose kalnuose. </p><p>XIX a. pab. ir XX a. pr. beveik visi Rištano gyventojai buvo puodžiai. Tuomet, etnografų duomenimis, regione veikė 80 puodžių dirbtuvių, kuriose dirbo apie 300 žmonių. </p><p>Regiono molis tinka bet kokiai keramikai gaminti, leidžia gaminių paviršiuje suformuoti sudėtingus ornamentus. Rištano apylinkėse ir dabar dirba virš 2000 puodžių, gaminančių indus tiek tradicine, tiek šiuolaikine technologijomis. Per metus pagaminama virš 5 mln., įvairių indų. Tradiciniai gaminiai paprastai padengti melsvažale <a href="/wiki/Glaz%C5%ABra" title="Glazūra">glazūra</a> „iskor“. 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