CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91368c48ecbafd96',cH: 'a.GimoXPZb_Wp7YZdYtW5BmuzjOmx7lftQnOThh4EK4-1739803388-1.2.1.1-eaFW_GUu3_CuTMp8KKL3swnEK8IkMUhIIu6bD4Xtef7qMbIXN17mh7rcHORb90jJ',cUPMDTk: "\/10005686\/json?__cf_chl_tk=Nkmii5xK53r4Euauq7_epbhlY48XtvPPuIc.LMP9J80-1739803388-1.0.1.1-iP1UsBLxaluyfGfxpRkjuodXMwm.4O9297BLVuRUtpA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739803388',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10005686\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=Nkmii5xK53r4Euauq7_epbhlY48XtvPPuIc.LMP9J80-1739803388-1.0.1.1-iP1UsBLxaluyfGfxpRkjuodXMwm.4O9297BLVuRUtpA",md: "ScKFR5JnoJYr60n.yLwApZdUx1lNWggWOH90tYN8_SE-1739803388-1.2.1.1-k58MgYUwpwCL87yvMrL0tIQsf_dOo7lpCng2VUKyiS9JKeWAM7kQQ2lZEkASaYAZ2qyKEQK7y0BSBMhJpW95PkYTMoq.TpSjpIY3Lc9_MvFGGPGHqetaq8A7N2gFHtRY4Qn_wdl3Xg6ryEfKFTm8ZXJ5fDb1v9KVr_P4P.H6yrPsepEGq3IlDxGFP6BQGcZhfPIH_RZehFzU7o02jvzQs1k1lnu4Oe0v7Wra51mHWkxCfPzS6U3xGB.ifM4miGyOpfQuUdBUGNEtVwvAhqEhU8sANe64JqOiopnFo4qx.PWRtSaRADJSzXrsaWzE39WdrRduk4oT6CxvvY3_AwRa4oA0lLmMRJhIOBzcTJFNrsjxt4txyr5NPPTyxfGuWyhD26Msi_ZoT98y7Z1lUiHjqH9RG3YNLsukkz89Axijo5aomWifjBu63eV09PJUQD2nD6ulkOa3fdqCJdMwexfx6QAHnIP7yZX4Iz2QuBQF9QE27ID0o6Ayii4ii4_ECTF1z_BrB5pC.FGR9jC5GGKTHCRDJNL45B3hHurImp_S6ILxCn9rw3l0gzUIk2FQvCHX_oMBPpdFRkswzpQmkKr66zNeKo2C_YF7h3M0yep7XXBNgIRgTWk0IyE8xEXCAOtEuVpJe_dxs2dy.jawbUvA6rLy7tO8B6mNqXlY9DjP7jpZQ3TZmbofXiRcnzgHl2QOLwZ6XZbirJga0X_eKst7QW2xlLmvZmGwZzVSytRH0WduPnoM0nJ__VQ7VAdJXI.yDF1I_Hdg6F9LtDFlYmhumc76_.gkzWXmwHn8iW5dVT4vMh0XPxls77XnvgY_w_7IM0gC0NESSBpN6CJDSDI.0YvJ89gKQ88PzSELOzIkMzNeVUXb3s26u2u3Zsw0qN0.cMCXztixblMiN2Pel_mVQTeLMA1MEXcC1HJFpwPdXJ2zqmsWYonWZzw7DWwr22Q7Z_jlC59dyN6NOQVmL.2_yAfgi5alA_Ly..WQHPLdB9fCawvqfFT_zTakNi.3XhTiQ8S9ZyAaVenqW7eQ1cFcWud5VdsZLU7CN5DRCvPj4K7ShmoYJReWqtDV4hJBZsOPnB5l6sIDGA5SnZERB6ry9Ybqf_.WKshGDoWaRG_lgw1olhSALrL.e6gQJMG8_gpmBNm6xL7UPLysn42njVOafC8rqkSF7hMRppaY.7dx5f5aDDZLI7CZFSmUSPu7UipNlKbx5Ne.7onf_4qFR0H5ZAkwDWKqBAbOHZrTv4AeJFrNokHK7LgDkbbFN7MS20eKzjixCeZaVrA1xlyX7m0qJQkwP.bJgsJk.a1dVrgpu4bNEctrwlov2BT6Ku28BhWTFbKqKIg0kOMswv.PEj6w9k.cky4p3c1jzH.0K.ptebo_YkXbsbRCodqbdTkHgnMNkoqRgmhP2U1xm_w3aeCj4nzIKZkdRCvKtAdF.jAY_1FE1AvY.NALlRvy6Gi1ElP9SegxeOTFXUsc3r1TyZKnwuc2QLMJknPNdrBb7zlaknigu2.4OeSBu2XcUoC4nc7bOV3UnFtIJUXHljEkg0PB489GnVU2Jaypk1olMOMAmFxA7X0jE8TKvot9h3EWTGTxoiFP5MwvsrVVZ3H1c6h5ryI4EwvRoH7aufQ0ihRpO..pxFmIVfs6gtVfaqaVHWn7CfGVtaCfbAtEBhU5c96Nate42Wt.FRprJDhPbMrgV0ploTusk7V.kgEjkOPzDW6CfShwxnrQQVGlSUWqP7C1yt0tzFHH9as2aIb6_E2lzRQOTCd7SPVOcbf89BREYh16pDL2Kdu0Vxs_LNwKvkFRhg9cY2Z0gYNhpIBRoCeqy5UW_m6i_e5AyWP95VsqFtIl.3EY05yH0QVdqT7KLQTE21VkWv8looR.vmDP.T3b4fo",mdrd: "fkMHwihSrEeX2EwFuueMv6rkTCLgdgqNQNW8IvR9bwY-1739803388-1.2.1.1-jj2O9uqcD2_bcDETbTEPgV_xXl22iHcTI1ZTqf_z.fjgjF1oaQp.oitlcsOQIdsBm_XNr8ljpiL.Jylr8YfckmMDYIvDE_U85WUH79gOy9_T9j1x3RYxSaHVcvfqCDMTks62Z9hc.k.cE1RauxFUqE2FyiQ4uO6ZQLRIeYIWqe7sRMAsQ7UddxTyNTq02NVXGRrg.3Anlj_dacGbCsMTEBwE6Go7qpie_OtsQVaJixj_rbKRbHx50JDf_Jct52YRNMLYF7KZsgSNPU2AH67h90XyYQ0W5HDcoBBGu17F8v4hJw4nrzmwOyoU1Hs5UxSZoPJD_snkFUdSJ3qcpzh6bAaNdzG.ivOIw7QEHsd6xbQTZkOnJk_d6iQs7OiBEUf9ju0VWwL5LNvyK3QuPz0BAmF2Mx_vhpo1TwOz0w_6I6ANglwMCTStzYqQjpvImBd1rDmETRNuuJxe0N7omt59YwtJNSM07fzF7OapJZvow9utKbZUfpmV0Q62OwdxEEIbRws_4Zk4PSLjCOCLxBkfmIqOTNOGMw6m_eqo2r67ujdRD1bvRvQlN_zPS6jM9MoFzvYt76oaZnRpA1nh9DNrUdevRsYs0XhX2EvExWsCR.DKQ79mjEUNrUH2t__FoMKGzsIFZwIeYoqRrujhrT4ElVWgWgti09w5x1Fjl4b8hlRk7nFSsa7Y7.Y5Vz5rgoosvm1dgJIMEeGUfhVN.GHnN_9MR59mreXG_8Wf_WJm1j5AZ_L592lxJFgC.gcliLh9QNa83yPakmEs9bESmEukOCmRDc.ifiVfda7hjwOqVTJ98LMYMgfVZy97slicn8j8UBytM0_evZOZHjUcrCdeV3i_BdovJCt0PqHZlVeAys_lGG4SYx8gbrfUSGKfryxW1Gs9qxg90JffSBm4aWVMsexqsiqMGAT.FZiswHYmuL.WabeXvafioh87u0_lne8bZg6zi5eGVVUTEieLBQWUS5UxIxXjwUm15fCT2Qb3Z5Pb4KFYB4ecCU0DYurCN3kKQh4eSw5C_PKkjXZEhorL_mVDj3ymBIEISzggP3S_nBlAVegSeZnoDwwhVQf4GoRlSbn.zd4Ah2M6HMXeqG1aXrcrGlz1vYirdiFqbJh4O48u90rBseVg61AYUa9yVI6J.HPpGWs4.3n3iTLUTsgTaKDxSsvUQ6xzixSG5R.ip4nWj9OUEaDncanURC1oj7sX_rXBiU_RvnyPqBAlXxKOtGyxbfoccglZjJqCnL3JGuyyPYRZ7q.aOvAVm1Mp8GQyUNvtPsN3GrcL35WI7zXZvp8DwS6Hm77TXxfA_tVd9Mw_farAJVTXqwuK1GaXcUt1HvgnKL78d5zbCBPe3x3NZyh8HJ3pnIBy4iE2SYDue3fbYxg6PMqjX_KuQt0mf5dHH53kSX6ooVCamLtzQTh8PDzmtyIxyMsBXbxLUGMOhyaCSbp1lqaDkXcm5pKmWmMqnPbO5jAT6mecAvlmnDlAXjT_kmLhWcbmfYaj_GbImAHLLCuDN9aVyY7WsrD.OyAS3hUmzMieYPGPle0BuK_9d6VQ4BGlmJUGXA3Jwr2XJ7mD1cDb.ars8BlhIkYQaKWpuGS9qr6BmVlikAku0VBNbLpiYOiQwZmSRb4bLE1URRNv1qO9RFibj_Jr0YGy6QUO6yEOBFIvv4.Cz6whxwaEdsm0GaIereRWSVrVdXzj9u5WhCcSUppzd3Qt3W_SdUX9NdUuVZSK3XjtA8JIs7h3DOY24kfrTYZ8vL_LnMGPAOuebPK0Kr0htohSF65J0JSWLAve.LgZ2ip9VV4bS1mIpSGyYvM0V90W2o9rYLFs4uQdMu1xjGiony_Yd.f.x5OnqQfdFXDiNJVNZTohAajBh9aN.qr3Bz2jYsFU6ed2zak5_qjvtCe0SmYUG2twU2wVYw0cCfYH95im35wItFM3ylcqZdnNuN8KaDH98gSqA896ZPVUIGuyvJ9Wxt14nqHt"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91368c48ecbafd96';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10005686\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Nkmii5xK53r4Euauq7_epbhlY48XtvPPuIc.LMP9J80-1739803388-1.0.1.1-iP1UsBLxaluyfGfxpRkjuodXMwm.4O9297BLVuRUtpA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>