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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Faculty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Collège de France</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="كوليج دو فرانس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوليج دو فرانس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollec_de_Frans" title="Kollec de Frans – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kollec de Frans" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%B8" title="কোলেজ দ্য ফ্রঁস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোলেজ দ্য ফ্রঁস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Калеж дэ Франс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калеж дэ Франс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Калеж дэ Франс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Калеж дэ Франс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Колеж дьо Франс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колеж дьо Франс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κολλέγιο της Γαλλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κολλέγιο της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolegio_de_Francio" title="Kolegio de Francio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kolegio de Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="کالج فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالج فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%A3%BC_%EB%93%9C_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="콜레주 드 프랑스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콜레주 드 프랑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BB" title="Ֆրանսիայի քոլեջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիայի քոլեջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%96%27_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="קולז' דה פראנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולז' דה פראנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegium_Franciae" title="Collegium Franciae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Collegium Franciae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijas_koled%C5%BEa" title="Francijas koledža – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francijas koledža" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzijos_kolegija" title="Prancūzijos kolegija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzijos kolegija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კოლეჯ დე ფრანსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოლეჯ დე ფრანსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="コレージュ・ド・フランス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コレージュ・ド・フランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Коллеж де Франс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коллеж де Франс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollej_de_Frans" title="Kollej de Frans – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Kollej de Frans" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Колеж де Франс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колеж де Франс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Collège de France" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="法兰西公学院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法兰西公学院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q202660#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&params=48_50_57_N_002_20_44_E_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°50′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">002°20′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.84917°N 2.34556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.84917; 2.34556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Higher education and research establishment in Paris, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the tertiary education college in Paris. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Collège de France (disambiguation)">Collège de France (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France_logo.svg/150px-Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France_logo.svg/225px-Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France_logo.svg/300px-Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span>, given by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> with <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> in 1699</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Collegium Franciæ Regium<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège royal</span></span>, Collège national, Collège impérial</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><div lang="la"><i>Docet omnia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Teaches all</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public" title="Public">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1530<span class="noprint">; 494 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1530</span>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PSL_University" class="mw-redirect" title="PSL University">PSL University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consortium_Couperin" class="mw-redirect" title="Consortium Couperin">Consortium Couperin</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Administrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R%C3%B6mer" title="Thomas Römer">Thomas Römer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">47 chairs (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div><br /><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&params=48_50_57_N_002_20_44_E_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°50′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">002°20′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.84917°N 2.34556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.84917; 2.34556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.college-de-france.fr">www<wbr />.college-de-france<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France,_place_Marcelin-Berthelot,_Paris_5e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_place_Marcelin-Berthelot%2C_Paris_5e.jpg/220px-Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_place_Marcelin-Berthelot%2C_Paris_5e.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_place_Marcelin-Berthelot%2C_Paris_5e.jpg/330px-Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_place_Marcelin-Berthelot%2C_Paris_5e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_place_Marcelin-Berthelot%2C_Paris_5e.jpg/440px-Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_place_Marcelin-Berthelot%2C_Paris_5e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The primary entrance to the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kɔlɛʒ<span class="wrap"> </span>də<span class="wrap"> </span>fʁɑ̃s]</a></span>), formerly known as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Collège Royal</i></span> or as the <i>Collège impérial</i> founded in 1530 by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_I" class="mw-redirect" title="François I">François I</a>, is a higher education and research establishment (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Grand_%C3%A9tablissement" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand établissement">grand établissement</a></i></span>) in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It is located in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> near <a href="/wiki/La_Sorbonne" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sorbonne">La Sorbonne</a>. The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span> has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-Appelrouth_Desfor_2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appelrouth_Desfor_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an associate member of <a href="/wiki/PSL_University" class="mw-redirect" title="PSL University">PSL University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2019-1130_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019-1130-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research and teaching are closely linked at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span>, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> As of 2021, 21 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners and 9 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with the Collège. It does not grant degrees. Each professor is required to give lectures where attendance is free and open to anyone. Professors, about 50 in number, are chosen by the professors themselves, from a variety of disciplines, in both <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>. The motto of the Collège is <i>Docet Omnia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "It teaches everything"; its goal is to "teach science in the making" and can be best summed up by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Maurice Merleau-Ponty</a>'s phrase: "Not acquired truths, but the idea of freely-executed research"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is inscribed in golden letters above the main hall. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France,_Paris_5e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_Paris_5e.jpg/220px-Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_Paris_5e.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_Paris_5e.jpg/330px-Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_Paris_5e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_Paris_5e.jpg/440px-Cour_int%C3%A9rieure_Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France%2C_Paris_5e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4818" data-file-height="3212" /></a><figcaption>The courtyard of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The Collège has research laboratories and one of the best <a href="/wiki/Research_library" title="Research library">research libraries</a> of Europe, with sections focusing on <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> with rare books, <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>. </p><p>As of June 2009, over 650 audio podcasts of <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span> lectures are available on iTunes. Some are also available in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>. Similarly, the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span>'s website hosts several videos of classes. The classes are followed by various students, from senior researchers to PhD or master's students, or even undergraduates. Moreover, the "leçons inaugurales" (first lessons) are important events in Paris intellectual and social life and attract a very large public of curious Parisians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Collège was established by <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">King Francis I of France</a>, modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Collegium_Trilingue" title="Collegium Trilingue">Collegium Trilingue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Louvain</a>, at the urging of <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Bud%C3%A9" title="Guillaume Budé">Guillaume Budé</a>. Of <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanist</a> inspiration, the school was established as an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_Sorbonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège de Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a> to promote such disciplines as <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> (the first teacher being the celebrated scholar <a href="/wiki/Janus_Lascaris" title="Janus Lascaris">Janus Lascaris</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Collège royal</i></span>, and later <i>Collège des trois langues</i> (Latin, ancient Greek and Hebrew), <i>Collège national</i>, and <i>Collège impérial</i>, it was named <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span> in 1870. In 2010, it became a founding associate of <a href="/wiki/PSL_Research_University" class="mw-redirect" title="PSL Research University">PSL Research University</a> (a community of Parisian universities). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrators">Administrators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administrators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ul><li>1800–1823: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lef%C3%A8vre%E2%80%91Gineau" title="Louis Lefèvre‑Gineau">Louis Lefèvre‑Gineau</a></li> <li>1824–1838: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Isaac_Silvestre_de_Sacy" title="Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy">Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy</a></li> <li>1838–1840: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jacques_Th%C3%A9nard" title="Louis Jacques Thénard">Louis Thénard</a></li> <li>1840–1848: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Letronne" title="Jean-Antoine Letronne">Jean-Antoine Letronne</a></li> <li>1848–1852: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire">Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire</a></li> <li>1852–1853: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_de_Portets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xavier de Portets (page does not exist)">Xavier de Portets</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q61888626#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q61888626"><span title=""Xavier de Portets" in other languages">d</span></a>]</span></li></ul> <ul><li>1853–1854: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Rinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Rinn (page does not exist)">Jacques Rinn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Rinn" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Rinn">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> <ul><li>1854–1873: <a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Julien" title="Stanislas Julien">Stanislas Julien</a></li> <li>1873–1883: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ren%C3%A9_de_Laboulaye" title="Édouard René de Laboulaye">Édouard René de Laboulaye</a></li> <li>1883–1892: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Ernest Renan</a></li> <li>1892–1894: <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Boissier" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaston Boissier">Gaston Boissier</a></li> <li>1894–1903: <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Paris" title="Gaston Paris">Gaston Paris</a></li> <li>1903–1911: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_%C3%89mile_Levasseur" title="Pierre Émile Levasseur">Émile Levasseur</a></li> <li>1911–1929: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Croiset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Croiset (page does not exist)">Maurice Croiset</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Croiset" class="extiw" title="fr:Maurice Croiset">fr</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Круазе, Морис">ru</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Croiset" class="extiw" title="de:Maurice Croiset">de</a>]</span></li> <li>1929–1936: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_B%C3%A9dier" title="Joseph Bédier">Joseph Bédier</a></li> <li>1937–1955: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Faral" title="Edmond Faral">Edmond Faral</a></li> <li>1955–1965: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bataillon" title="Marcel Bataillon">Marcel Bataillon</a></li> <li>1966–1974: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Wolff" title="Étienne Wolff">Étienne Wolff</a></li> <li>1974–1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Horeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Horeau (page does not exist)">Alain Horeau</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Horeau" class="extiw" title="fr:Alain Horeau">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>1980–1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_Laporte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves Laporte (page does not exist)">Yves Laporte</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Laporte" class="extiw" title="fr:Yves Laporte">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>1991–1997: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Miquel" title="André Miquel">André Miquel</a></li> <li>1997–2000: <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Dagron" title="Gilbert Dagron">Gilbert Dagron</a></li> <li>2000–2006: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Glowinski" title="Jacques Glowinski">Jacques Glowinski</a></li> <li>2006–2012: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corvol" title="Pierre Corvol">Pierre Corvol</a></li> <li>2012–2015: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a></li> <li>2015–2019: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Prochiantz" title="Alain Prochiantz">Alain Prochiantz</a></li> <li>Since 2019: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R%C3%B6mer" title="Thomas Römer">Thomas Römer</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Faculty">Faculty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Faculty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The faculty of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Collège de France</span></span> currently comprises fifty-two Professors, elected by the Professors themselves from among Francophone scholars<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in subjects including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, history, archaeology, linguistics, oriental studies, philosophy, the social sciences and other fields. Two chairs are reserved for foreign scholars who are invited to give lectures. </p><p>Notable faculty members include <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a>, awarded with <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 2012. Notably, eight Fields medal winners have been affiliated with the College. </p><p>Past faculty include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Abel-R%C3%A9musat" title="Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat">Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Raymond Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Boissonade_de_Fontarabie" title="Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie">Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etienne_Baluze" class="mw-redirect" title="Etienne Baluze">Etienne Baluze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Baudichon" title="Simon Baudichon">Simon Baudichon</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Benveniste" title="Émile Benveniste">Émile Benveniste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard" title="Claude Bernard">Claude Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelin_Berthelot" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelin Berthelot">Marcelin Berthelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnefoy" title="Yves Bonnefoy">Yves Bonnefoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion" title="Jean-François Champollion">Jean-François Champollion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Changeux" title="Jean-Pierre Changeux">Jean-Pierre Changeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Chartier" title="Roger Chartier">Roger Chartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cheng" title="Anne Cheng">Anne Cheng</a><sup id="cite_ref-AnneChengProfile_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnneChengProfile-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Connes" title="Alain Connes">Alain Connes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Coppens" title="Yves Coppens">Yves Coppens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Henri_d%27Arbois_de_Jubainville" title="Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville">Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Darcet" title="Jean Darcet">Jean Darcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Ars%C3%A8ne_d%27Arsonval" title="Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval">Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Deschanel" title="Émile Deschanel">Émile Deschanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Duby" title="Georges Duby">Georges Duby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Dum%C3%A9zil" title="Georges Dumézil">Georges Dumézil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Febvre" title="Lucien Febvre">Lucien Febvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oronce_Fine" title="Oronce Fine">Oronce Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Andr%C3%A9_Fouqu%C3%A9" title="Ferdinand André Fouqué">Ferdinand André Fouqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etienne_Fourmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Etienne Fourmont">Etienne Fourmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Fumaroli" title="Marc Fumaroli">Marc Fumaroli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gabriel" title="Albert Gabriel">Albert Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Gail" title="Jean-Baptiste Gail">Jean-Baptiste Gail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gide" title="Charles Gide">Charles Gide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Étienne Gilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Grotowski" title="Jerzy Grotowski">Jerzy Grotowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Gueroult" title="Martial Gueroult">Martial Gueroult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hacking" title="Ian Hacking">Ian Hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Auguste_Ernest_Havet" title="Eugène Auguste Ernest Havet">Eugène Auguste Ernest Havet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_d%27Herbelot" title="Barthélemy d'Herbelot">Barthélemy d'Herbelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_H%C3%A9ritier" title="Françoise Héritier">Françoise Héritier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Joliot">Frédéric Joliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jost" title="Alfred Jost">Alfred Jost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Julien" title="Stanislas Julien">Stanislas Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Labat_(assyriologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="René Labat (assyriologist)">René Labat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edouard_Rene_Lefebvre_de_Laboulaye" class="mw-redirect" title="Edouard Rene Lefebvre de Laboulaye">Edouard Rene Lefebvre de Laboulaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvestre_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lacroix" title="Sylvestre François Lacroix">Sylvestre François Lacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Laennec" title="René Laennec">René Laennec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Lebesgue" title="Henri Lebesgue">Henri Lebesgue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Leriche" title="René Leriche">René Leriche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Le_Roy_Ladurie" title="Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie">Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lichnerowicz" title="André Lichnerowicz">André Lichnerowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Loisy" title="Alfred Loisy">Alfred Loisy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Maspero" title="Henri Maspero">Henri Maspero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Massignon" title="Louis Massignon">Louis Massignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mauss" title="Marcel Mauss">Marcel Mauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Maurice Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Jules Michelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Morin_(mathematician)" title="Jean-Baptiste Morin (mathematician)">Jean-Baptiste Morin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Paulin_Paris" title="Alexis Paulin Paris">Alexis Paulin Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Pavet_de_Courteille" title="Abel Pavet de Courteille">Abel Pavet de Courteille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Pelliot" title="Paul Pelliot">Paul Pelliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_P%C3%A9tis_de_la_Croix" title="François Pétis de la Croix">François Pétis de la Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Postel" title="Guillaume Postel">Guillaume Postel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Edgar Quinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Ramus" title="Petrus Ramus">Petrus Ramus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Victor_Regnault" title="Henri Victor Regnault">Henri Victor Regnault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Robert_(historian)" title="Louis Robert (historian)">Louis Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Jean-Baptiste Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Scialac" title="Victor Scialac">Victor Scialac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Serre" title="Jean-Pierre Serre">Jean-Pierre Serre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Simiand" title="François Simiand">François Simiand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Sionita" title="Gabriel Sionita">Gabriel Sionita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Vaillant" title="André Vaillant">André Vaillant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Paul Valéry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vatable" title="François Vatable">François Vatable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Vernant" title="Jean-Pierre Vernant">Jean-Pierre Vernant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Voisin" title="Claire Voisin">Claire Voisin</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Vuillemin" title="Jules Vuillemin">Jules Vuillemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Weinrich" title="Harald Weinrich">Harald Weinrich</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz" title="Jean-Christophe Yoccoz">Jean-Christophe Yoccoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Yoyotte" title="Jean Yoyotte">Jean Yoyotte</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Zagier" title="Don Zagier">Don Zagier</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Couv%C3%A8gnes" title="Raymond Couvègnes">Raymond Couvègnes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search?query=%22Collegium+Franci%C3%A6+Regium%22&sin=TXT">"Search"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3D%2522Collegium%2BFranci%25C3%25A6%2BRegium%2522%26sin%3DTXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColl%C3%A8ge+de+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221117072244/https://www.couperin.org/presentation/membres">"Les membres de Couperin"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Couperin.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Couperin.org">Couperin.org</a></i> (in French), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.couperin.org/presentation/membres">the original</a> on 17 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Couperin.org&rft.atitle=Les+membres+de+Couperin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couperin.org%2Fpresentation%2Fmembres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColl%C3%A8ge+de+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appelrouth_Desfor_2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Appelrouth_Desfor_2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppelrouthEdles2008" class="citation book cs1">Appelrouth, Scott; Edles, Laura Desfor (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalcontemp0000appe"><i>Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory: Text and Readings</i></a></span>. Pine Forge Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalcontemp0000appe/page/641">641</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761927938" title="Special:BookSources/9780761927938"><bdi>9780761927938</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1148204416">1148204416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+and+Contemporary+Sociological+Theory%3A+Text+and+Readings&rft.pages=641&rft.pub=Pine+Forge+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1148204416&rft.isbn=9780761927938&rft.aulast=Appelrouth&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Edles%2C+Laura+Desfor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclassicalcontemp0000appe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColl%C3%A8ge+de+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Culbert2011" class="citation book cs1">John Culbert (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OI_7IvJ1O30C&pg=PA257"><i>Paralyses: Literature, Travel, and Ethnography in French Modernity</i></a>. U of Nebraska Press. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803234192" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803234192"><bdi>978-0803234192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paralyses%3A+Literature%2C+Travel%2C+and+Ethnography+in+French+Modernity&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0803234192&rft.au=John+Culbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOI_7IvJ1O30C%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColl%C3%A8ge+de+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2019-1130-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2019-1130_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000039323049">"Decree 2019-1130 creating Université Paris sciences et lettres (Université PSL)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723064807/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000039323049">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decree+2019-1130+creating+Universit%C3%A9+Paris+sciences+et+lettres+%28Universit%C3%A9+PSL%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Fjo_pdf.do%3Fid%3DJORFTEXT000039323049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColl%C3%A8ge+de+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Non pas des vérités acquises, mais l'idée d'une recherche libre". The entire sentence is in fact: "Ce que le Collège de France, depuis sa fondation, est chargé de donner à ses auditeurs, ce ne sont pas des vérités acquises, c'est l'idée d'une recherche libre." From Merleau-Ponty's inaugural lecture at the Collège de France, reproduced in: Maurice Merleau-Ponty, <i>Éloge de la philosophie et autres essais</i>, Paris: Gallimard, 1989, p. 13. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Byzance et l'Europe : Colloque à la Maison de l'Europe, Paris, 22 avril 1994</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Antoniadis-Bibicou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Antoniadis-Bibicou (page does not exist)">H. Antoniadis-Bibicou</a> (Ed.), 2001, ISBN/ISSN/EAN: 291142720.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francophone only in the sense that they have to be able to teach in French; they are not required to be native speakers of French or to come from or to have studied in a Francophone country: see for example <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Subrahmanyam" title="Sanjay Subrahmanyam">Sanjay Subrahmanyam</a> who is Indian: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/sanjay-subrahmanyam/Biographie.htm">Sanjay Subrahmanyam's biography on the site of the Collège de France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040326/http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/sanjay-subrahmanyam/Biographie.htm">Archived</a> 2017-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuillaume_Du_Val1644" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guillaume Du Val (1644). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6iJPAAAAcAAJ&q=Baudichon"><i>Le Collège Royal de France. Institution, Establissement et Catalogue des Lecteurs et Professeurs Ordinaires du Roy</i></a> (in French). Bovillette. p. 68<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Coll%C3%A8ge+Royal+de+France.+Institution%2C+Establissement+et+Catalogue+des+Lecteurs+et+Professeurs+Ordinaires+du+Roy&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Bovillette&rft.date=1644&rft.au=Guillaume+Du+Val&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6iJPAAAAcAAJ%26q%3DBaudichon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColl%C3%A8ge+de+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnneChengProfile-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AnneChengProfile_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/anne-cheng/biographie.htm">Anne Cheng Biographie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401230409/https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/anne-cheng/biographie.htm">Archived</a> 2017-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Collège de France. Retrieved on 11 December 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/claire-voisin/Biographie.htm">Biography at Collège de France website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630232035/http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/claire-voisin/Biographie.htm">Archived</a> 2016-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/harald-weinrich/index.htm">Biography at Collège de France website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143234/https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/harald-weinrich/index.htm">Archived</a> 2018-08-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asr.revues.org/891">Nécrologie de M. Jean Yoyotte (1927–2009) par Christiane Zivie-Coche</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140908134258/http://asr.revues.org/891">Archived</a> 2014-09-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:EPSCP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_universities_and_Grandes_Écoles_in_France_(EPSCP)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tablissement_public_%C3%A0_caract%C3%A8re_scientifique,_culturel_et_professionnel" title="Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel">Public universities and <i>Grandes Écoles</i> in France</a> <small>(EPSCP)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colleges and universities in France">Universities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aix-Marseille_University" title="Aix-Marseille University">Aix-Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Picardy_Jules_Verne" title="University of Picardy Jules Verne">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Angers" title="University of Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_French_Antilles" title="University of the French Antilles">Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Artois" title="University of Artois">Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_University" title="Avignon University">Avignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="University of Franche-Comté">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bordeaux" title="University of Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Montaigne_University" title="Bordeaux Montaigne University">Bordeaux Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Brittany" title="University of Western Brittany">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Brittany_University" title="Southern Brittany University">Bretagne-Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Caen_Normandy" title="University of Caen Normandy">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Savoie_Mont_Blanc" title="Université Savoie Mont Blanc">Chambéry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Corsica_Pasquale_Paoli" title="University of Corsica Pasquale Paoli">Corse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Burgundy" title="University of Burgundy">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_%C3%89vry_Val_d%27Essonne" title="University of Évry Val d'Essonne">Évry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Normandy_University" title="Le Havre Normandy University">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_French_Guiana" title="University of French Guiana">Guyane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limoges" title="University of Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Littoral_Opal_Coast" title="University of the Littoral Opal Coast">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lyon" title="University of Lyon">Lyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard_University_Lyon_1" title="Claude Bernard University Lyon 1">Lyon 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_University_Lyon_2" title="Lumière University Lyon 2">Lyon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin_University_Lyon_3" title="Jean Moulin University Lyon 3">Lyon 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans_University" title="Le Mans University">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry_University_Montpellier_3" title="Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3">Montpellier 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Upper_Alsace" title="University of Upper Alsace">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_N%C3%AEmes" title="University of Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Caledonia" title="University of New Caledonia">Nouvelle-Calédonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="University of Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li>Paris <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Nanterre_University" title="Paris Nanterre University">Nanterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_1_Panth%C3%A9on-Sorbonne_University" title="Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University">Panthéon-Sorbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_Nouvelle_University_Paris_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris 3">Sorbonne Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_Paris_North_University" title="Sorbonne Paris North University">Sorbonne Paris North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_8_University_Vincennes-Saint-Denis" title="Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis">Paris 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-East_Cr%C3%A9teil_University" title="Paris-East Créteil University">Paris-East Créteil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pau_and_the_Adour_Region" title="University of Pau and the Adour Region">Pau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Perpignan_Via_Domitia" title="University of Perpignan Via Domitia">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poitiers" title="University of Poitiers">Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_French_Polynesia" title="University of French Polynesia">Polynésie française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reims_Champagne-Ardenne" title="University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne">Reims</a></li> <li>Rennes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rennes_2_University" title="Rennes 2 University">Rennes 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reunion_Island" title="University of Reunion Island">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle_University" title="La Rochelle University">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rouen_Normandy" title="University of Rouen Normandy">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Monnet_University" title="Jean Monnet University">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toulon" title="University of Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toulouse" title="University of Toulouse">Toulouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toulouse-Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès">Jean Jaurès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_III_-_Paul_Sabatier_University" title="Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University">Paul Sabatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Polytechnic_Institute_of_Toulouse" title="National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse">INPT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tours" title="University of Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Versailles_Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines" title="University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines">Versailles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">Collegiate universities <small>(EPE)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Paris <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_2_Panth%C3%A9on-Assas_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University">Assas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Paris_Cit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Paris Cité">Cité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-Saclay_University" title="Paris-Saclay University">Saclay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont_Auvergne_University" title="Clermont Auvergne University">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li>Toulouse <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_Capitole_University" title="Toulouse Capitole University">Capitole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lille" title="University of Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nantes" title="University of Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rennes" title="University of Rennes">Rennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CY_Cergy_Paris_University" title="CY Cergy Paris University">Cergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montpellier" title="University of Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li> Nice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Côte d'Azur">Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel_University" title="Gustave Eiffel University">Gustave Eiffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Hauts-de-France" title="Polytechnic University of Hauts-de-France">Polytechnic University of Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_Institute_of_Paris" title="Polytechnic Institute of Paris">Polytechnic Institute of Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Grands_%C3%A9tablissements" title="Grands établissements">Grands établissements</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres_University" title="Paris Sciences et Lettres University">PSL University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Dauphine_University" title="Paris Dauphine University">Dauphine University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lorraine" title="University of Lorraine">University of Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Alpes_University" title="Grenoble Alpes University">Grenoble Alpes University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">Grandes écoles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Grands_%C3%A9tablissements" title="Grands établissements">Grands établissements</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Polytechnic_Institutes_(France)" title="National Polytechnic Institutes (France)">Institutes of Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Institute_of_Technology" title="Grenoble Institute of Technology">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Polytechnic_Institute_of_Lorraine" title="National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Polytechnic_Institute_of_Toulouse" title="National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_Institute_of_Bordeaux" title="Polytechnic Institute of Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_Institute_of_Clermont-Auvergne" title="Polytechnic Institute of Clermont-Auvergne">Clermont-Auvergne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agro_ParisTech" class="mw-redirect" title="Agro ParisTech">Agro ParisTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers_ParisTech" title="Arts et Métiers ParisTech">Arts et Métiers ParisTech</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Collège de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatoire_national_des_arts_et_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Conservatoire national des arts et métiers">Conservatoire national des arts et métiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CentraleSup%C3%A9lec" title="CentraleSupélec">CentraleSupélec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_ponts_ParisTech" title="École des ponts ParisTech">École des ponts ParisTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Nationale_des_Chartes" title="École Nationale des Chartes">École Nationale des Chartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_sciences_de_l%27information_et_des_biblioth%C3%A8ques" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure des sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques">ENSSIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_maritime" title="École nationale supérieure maritime">École nationale supérieure maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_pratique_des_hautes_%C3%A9tudes" title="École pratique des hautes études">École pratique des hautes études</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHESP" title="EHESP">EHESP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSEP" title="INSEP">INSEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Physique_du_Globe_de_Paris" title="Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris">Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Agro" title="Institut Agro">Institut Agro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Agro_Dijon" title="Institut Agro Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_agro_Montpellier" title="Institut agro Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Agro_Rennes-Angers" title="Institut Agro Rennes-Angers">Rennes-Angers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Mines-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9com" title="Institut Mines-Télécom">Institut Mines-Télécom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9com_Paris" title="Télécom Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9com_SudParis" title="Télécom SudParis">Évry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_mines_d%27Albi-Carmaux" title="École des mines d'Albi-Carmaux">Albi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_mines_d%27Al%C3%A8s" title="École des mines d'Alès">Alès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_mines_de_Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMT_Atlantique" title="IMT Atlantique">Brest-Rennes-Nantes-Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Mines_de_Douai" title="École des Mines de Douai">Lille-Douai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_d%27histoire_de_l%27art" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut national d'histoire de l'art">Institut national d'histoire de l'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_langues_et_civilisations_orientales" title="Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales">Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_de_l%27a%C3%A9ronautique_et_de_l%27espace" title="Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace">Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VetAgro_Sup" title="VetAgro Sup">VetAgro Sup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Natural History (France)">National Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes-Atlantic_National_College_of_Veterinary_Medicine,_Food_Science_and_Engineering" title="Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering">Oniris Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Observatory" title="Paris Observatory">Paris Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Centrale_Graduate_School" title="Centrale Graduate School">Écoles centrales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale_de_Lille" class="mw-redirect" title="École centrale de Lille">École centrale de Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale_de_Lyon" title="École centrale de Lyon">École centrale de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale_de_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="École centrale de Marseille">École centrale de Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale_de_Nantes" title="École centrale de Nantes">École centrale de Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Centrale_Paris" title="École Centrale Paris">École Centrale Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es" title="Institut national des sciences appliquées">Institut national<br /> des sciences appliquées</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INSA_Centre_Val_de_Loire" title="INSA Centre Val de Loire">Centre Val-de-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSA_Euro-M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="INSA Euro-Méditerranée">Euro-Méditerranée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSA_Hauts-de-France" title="INSA Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Lyon" title="Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Rennes" title="Institut national des sciences appliquées de Rennes">Rennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Rouen" title="Institut national des sciences appliquées de Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSA_Strasbourg" title="INSA Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Toulouse" title="Institut national des sciences appliquées de Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em"><a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutes of technology">Universities of Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_technologie_de_Belfort-Montb%C3%A9liard" title="Université de technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard">Belfort-Montbéliard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="University of Technology of Compiègne">Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology_of_Troyes" title="University of Technology of Troyes">Troyes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure" title="École normale supérieure">Écoles normales supérieures</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École normale supérieure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_Paris-Saclay" title="École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay">École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_Lyon" title="École normale supérieure de Lyon">École normale supérieure de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_Rennes" title="École normale supérieure de Rennes">École normale supérieure de Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em"><a href="/wiki/Instituts_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques" title="Instituts d'études politiques">Institutes of Political Studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po_Aix" title="Sciences Po Aix">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Bordeaux" title="Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Lille" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'études politiques de Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Lyon" title="Institut d'études politiques de Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Rennes" title="Institut d'études politiques de Rennes">Rennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Institut d'études politiques de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Strasbourg" title="Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques_de_Toulouse" title="Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-East_Cr%C3%A9teil_University" title="Paris-East Créteil University">Fontainebleau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27ing%C3%A9nieurs_de_Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="École nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Étienne">École nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne (ENISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENSAIT" title="ENSAIT">ENSAIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_des_travaux_publics_de_l%27%C3%89tat" title="École nationale des travaux publics de l'État">ENTPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supm%C3%A9ca" title="Supméca">Supméca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Groups_of_universities_and_institutions_(France)" title="Groups of universities and institutions (France)">University systems (groups)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Burgundy_-_Franche-Comt%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Burgundy - Franche-Comté">University of Burgundy - Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lyon" title="University of Lyon">University of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Normandy University">Normandy University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris-Est" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris-Est">Paris-Est Sup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_Paris_Cit%C3%A9_University_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbonne Paris Cité University (group)">Sorbonne Paris Cité Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Toulouse_Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Federal University of Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées">Federal University of Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_France" title="Category:Universities in France">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_France" title="List of universities and colleges in France">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202660#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202660#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202660#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121792236">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146442710">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/36341-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79110131">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863147k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863147k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36523108">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Collège de France"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050512059&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/376277">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90085989">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000168136&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=158062">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810604760905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/77566">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259835605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522555706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/50643aa2-f897-468d-b439-d0154344ea31">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0192871X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500310109">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/FR-751052314">ISIL</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026370921">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collège_de_France&oldid=1257421549">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collège_de_France&oldid=1257421549</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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