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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-專著" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#專著"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>專著</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-專著-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-著作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>著作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">白一平</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。11种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ويليام إتش باكستر – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام إتش باكستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ويليام اتش باكستر – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام اتش باكستر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ویلیام بکستر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام بکستر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Baxter" title="William H. Baxter – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William H. Baxter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Baxter" title="William H. Baxter – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William H. Baxter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hubbard_Baxter" title="William Hubbard Baxter – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Hubbard Baxter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Baxter" title="William H. Baxter – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William H. Baxter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ウィリアム・バクスター – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・バクスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%B0%B1%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0" title="윌리엄 백스터 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 백스터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Baxter" title="William H. Baxter – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William H. Baxter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="白一平 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白一平" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8010321#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label 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Baxter">William H. Baxter</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><b>白一平</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>William H. Baxter</b></span>，1949年<span class="useeditintro" title="Template:BLP editintro">—</span>），<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>學家。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1970年從<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="安默斯特學院">安默斯特學院</a>獲得<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="人類學">人類學</a>學士學位。後進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="康奈尔大学">康奈爾大學</a>學習，1974年獲得語言學碩士學位，1977年獲語言學博士學位，博士論文：《中古重紐的上古來源——對漢字音的研究》。师从语言学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E6%8B%9F%E5%8F%A4" title="包拟古">包拟古</a>。1990年起任<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="密歇根大學">密歇根大學</a>漢語及語言學副教授。從1994年開始與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="沙加尔">沙加爾</a>建立統一的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a>構擬系統<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3-%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白一平-沙加爾系統（页面不存在）">白一平-沙加爾系統</a>，與<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%BC%B5%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鄭張尚芳">鄭張</a>－<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91" title="谢尔盖·阿纳托利耶维奇·斯塔罗斯金">斯塔羅斯京</a>的構擬系統並稱上古漢語新三家。兩人將成果陸續在網路上發表<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="專著"><span id=".E5.B0.88.E8.91.97"></span>專著</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：專著"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baxter, William H. (1992), <i>A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology</i>（《漢語上古音手冊》）, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783110123241" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-11-012324-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="著作"><span id=".E8.91.97.E4.BD.9C"></span>著作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：著作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lodel.ehess.fr/crlao/document.php?id=1217">Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction (Version 1.00, 20 Feb. 2011)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-11-24</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129083810/http://lodel.ehess.fr/crlao/document.php?id=1217">存档</a>于2016-01-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.btitle=Baxter-Sagart+Old+Chinese+reconstruction+%28Version+1.00%2C+20+Feb.+2011%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flodel.ehess.fr%2Fcrlao%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3D1217&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocbaxtersagart.lsait.lsa.umich.edu/">The Baxter-Sagart reconstruction of Old Chinese (Version 1.1, 20 September 2014)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-11-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219141930/https://ocbaxtersagart.lsait.lsa.umich.edu/">存档</a>于2023-02-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.btitle=The+Baxter-Sagart+reconstruction+of+Old+Chinese+%28Version+1.1%2C+20+September+2014%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focbaxtersagart.lsait.lsa.umich.edu%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Baxter, William; Sagart, Laurent. Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction. Oxford University Press. 2014. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-994537-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-994537-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-19-994537-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.au=Sagart%2C+Laurent&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.btitle=Old+Chinese%3A+A+New+Reconstruction&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-994537-5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Sagart, Laurent, and William H. Baxter (2012). Reconstructing the *s- prefix in Old Chinese. Language and Linguistics 13. 29–59.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">沙加尔; 白一平. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00781074/document">上古汉语的N-和m-前缀</a>. 汉藏语学报. 2010, (4): 62–69 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-10-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025045931/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00781074/document">存档</a>于2022-10-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84N-%E5%92%8Cm-%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%80&rft.au=%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94&rft.au=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.pages=62-69&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-00781074%2Fdocument&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">白一平. 武漢大學簡帛研究中心 , 编. “埶”, “勢”, “設” 等字的構擬和中古 sy-（書母 = 審三）的來源. 《簡帛》. 2010, (第五輯): 161–178. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.bsm.org.cn/?xiaox/3720.html">简明摘要</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E5%9F%B6%E2%80%9D%2C+%E2%80%9C%E5%8B%A2%E2%80%9D%2C+%E2%80%9C%E8%A8%AD%E2%80%9D+%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%A7%8B%E6%93%AC%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4+sy-%EF%BC%88%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D+%3D+%E5%AF%A9%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%89+%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90&rft.au=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E8%BC%AF&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%B0%A1%E5%B8%9B%E3%80%8B&rft.pages=161-178&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Sagart, Laurent, and William H. Baxter (2009). Reconstructing Old Chinese uvulars in the Baxter-Sagart system (version 0.99). Cahiers de linguistique Asie orientale 38. 221–244.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Baxter, William W. Mandarin dialect phylogeny. Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 2006, <b>35</b>: 71–114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.atitle=Mandarin+dialect+phylogeny&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+de+Linguistique+Asie+Orientale&rft.pages=71-114&rft.volume=35&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Baxter, William W. Eulogy: Sergej Anatol′evič Starostin, March 24, 1953 – September 30, 2005.. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 2006, <b>34</b> (1): 164–166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.atitle=Eulogy%3A+Sergej+Anatol%E2%80%B2evi%C4%8D+Starostin%2C+March+24%2C+1953+%E2%80%93+September+30%2C+2005.&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chinese+Linguistics&rft.pages=164-166&rft.volume=34&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Baxter, William H. Where does the ‘Comparative Method’ come from?. Fabrice Cavoto (编). The linguist’s linguist: a collection of papers in honour of Alexis Manaster Ramer. Munich: LINCOM EUROPA. 2002: 33–52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.atitle=Where+does+the+%E2%80%98Comparative+Method%E2%80%99+come+from%3F&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.btitle=The+linguist%E2%80%99s+linguist%3A+a+collection+of+papers+in+honour+of+Alexis+Manaster+Ramer&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=33-52&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=LINCOM+EUROPA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>(2000) (with Alexis Manaster Ramer) Beyond lumping and splitting: probabilistic issues in historical linguistics. In Time depth in historical linguistics, ed. by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon & Larry Trask, 167–188. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Baxter, William W. Did Proto-Mandarin exist?. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 2000, <b>28</b>: 100–115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.atitle=Did+Proto-Mandarin+exist%3F&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chinese+Linguistics&rft.pages=100-115&rft.volume=28&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>(1999) "Reconstructing Proto-'Mandarin' retroflex initials". In <i>Issues in Chinese dialect description and classification</i> (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 15), ed. by Richard VanNess Simmons, 1–35. Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis.</li> <li>(1999) Eulogy: Nicholas C. Bodman (1913–1997). Journal of Chinese Linguistics 27.190–191.</li> <li>(1998) Response to Oswalt and Ringe. In Nostratic: Sifting the Evidence, ed. by Joseph C. Salmons and Brian D. Joseph, 217–236. 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Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis.</li> <li>(1995) <cite class="citation book">曹逢甫; 蔡美慧 (编). <i>Pre-Qièyùn distinctions in the Mǐn dialects</i>. 第一屆臺灣語言國際研討會論文選集. 台北市: 文鶴. : 393–406.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.atitle=Pre-Qi%C3%A8y%C3%B9n+distinctions+in+the+M%C7%90n+dialects&rft.au=%E6%9B%B9%E9%80%A2%E7%94%AB&rft.au=%E8%94%A1%E7%BE%8E%E6%85%A7&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%86%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%A0%94%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%81%B8%E9%9B%86&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=393-406&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E6%96%87%E9%B6%B4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>(1994) <cite class="citation book">李壬癸; 黃居仁; 湯志真 (编). 關於上古音的四個假設. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/item/zh-tw?act=publish_book&code=download&article_id=207&type=article">中國境內語言暨語言學</a>. 第二輯‧歷史語言學. 中央研究院歷史語言研究所. : 41–60 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-10-25</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/957-671-231-9" title="Special:网络书源/957-671-231-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 957-671-231-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025044557/https://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/item/zh-tw?act=publish_book&code=download&article_id=207&type=article">存档</a>于2022-10-25）. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/item/zh-tw?act=publish_book&code=view&bookID=119">简明摘要</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.atitle=%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9B%E5%80%8B%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%A3%AC%E7%99%B8&rft.au=%E6%B9%AF%E5%BF%97%E7%9C%9F&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E5%B1%85%E4%BB%81&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A2%83%E5%85%A7%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%9A%A8%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=957-671-231-9&rft.pages=41-60&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ling.sinica.edu.tw%2Fitem%2Fzh-tw%3Fact%3Dpublish_book%26code%3Ddownload%26article_id%3D207%26type%3Darticle&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>(1994) Reply to Pulleyblank. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 22.139–160</li> <li>(1994) Some phonological correspondences between Chinese and Tibeto-Burman. In Current issues in Sino-Tibetan Linguistics, ed. by Hajime Kitamura, Tatsuo Nishida, and Yasuhiko Nagano, 25–35. Osaka: The Organizing Committee, The 26th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics.</li> <li>(1993) Review of Johanna Nichols, Linguistic diversity in space and time (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), Science 259:1927–8 (26 March 1993).</li> <li>(1993) Pre-Qieyun distinctions in the Min dialects. First International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan, Taipei.</li> <li>(1992) A handbook of Old Chinese phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992.</li> <li>(1991) Zhōu and Hàn phonology in the Shījīng. In Studies in the historical phonology of Asian languages (Current issues in linguistic theory, 77), ed. by William G. Boltz and Michael C. Shapiro, 1–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</li> <li>(1991) On the hypothesis of a genetic connection between the Sino-Tibetan languages and the Yeniseian and North-Caucasian languages’ (annotated translation of Sergei Starostin’s ‘Gipoteza o genetičeskix svjazjax sinotibetskix jazykov s enisejskimi i severno-kavkazskimi jazykami’). In Dene-Sino-Caucasian languages: materials from the First International Interdisciplinary Symposium on Language and Prehistory, Ann Arbor, 8–12 November 1988, edited by Vitaly Shevoroshkin. Bochum: Brockmeyer.</li> <li>(1989) Review of Marie-Claude Paris, Problèmes de syntaxe et de sémantique en linguistique chinoise, Mémoires de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, vol. 20 (Paris: Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, 1981). Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 24.111–118</li> <li>(1987) Review of E. G. Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese: a study in historical phonology (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984). Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 47.635–656.</li> <li>(1986) Old Chinese *-u and *-iw in the Shi-jing. In Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies (Cornell linguistic contributions, 5), ed. by John McCoy and Timothy Light, 258–282. Leiden: E. J. Brill.</li> <li>(1986) Chinese and Japanese CAI at the University of Michigan. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 21.19–26.</li> <li>(1985) Tibeto-Burman cognates of Old Chinese *-ij and *-ɨj. In Linguistics of the Sino-Tibetan area: the state of the art—papers presented to Paul K. Benedict for his 71st birthday (Pacific linguistics, series C, no. 87), ed. by Graham Thurgood, James A. Matisoff, and David Bradley, 242–263. Canberra: The Australian National University.</li> <li>(1985) Language and language policy in Singapore. Social Education 49:116–117 (1985).</li> <li>(1985) Review of W. South Coblin, A handbook of Eastern Han sound glosses (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1983). Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48.170–171.</li> <li>(1984) Formal semantics of a fragment of Chinese. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 19.37–52.</li> <li>(1983) A look at the history of Chinese color terminology. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 18.2.1–25.</li> <li>(1983) Shànggǔ Hànyǔ *sr- de fāzhǎn 上古汉语 *sr- 的发展’ (The development of Old Chinese *sr–). Yǔyán Yánjiū 语言研究 (Wǔhàn) 4.22–26.</li> <li>(1982) Review of Paul Fu-Mien Yang, Chinese dialectology: a selected and classified bibliography (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1981). Journal of Asian Studies 41.158–159.</li> <li>(1982) Some proposals on Old Chinese phonology. In Contributions in historical linguistics: issues and materials (Cornell linguistic contributions, 3), ed. by Frans van Coetsem and Linda R. Waugh, 1–33. Leiden: E. J. Brill.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/">個人主頁</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200109110301/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/vita.pdf">簡歷</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160626014652/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/vita.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a 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